CN106508413A - Cultivation method for forcing edible summer-flowering chrysanthemum in summer - Google Patents

Cultivation method for forcing edible summer-flowering chrysanthemum in summer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106508413A
CN106508413A CN201611171009.4A CN201611171009A CN106508413A CN 106508413 A CN106508413 A CN 106508413A CN 201611171009 A CN201611171009 A CN 201611171009A CN 106508413 A CN106508413 A CN 106508413A
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China
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chrysanthemum
greenhouse
fertilizer
summer
keeping
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CN201611171009.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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赵廷超
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Chongqing Luoyou Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Chongqing Luoyou Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method for forcing chrysanthemum in summer. The cultivation method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of (1) transplanting mature seedlings of the chrysanthemum into a greenhouse in 4 to 5 months before expected blossoming, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse to be ranged from 24 to 32 DEG C in the daytime and to be ranged from 18 to 26 DEG C at night, and regularly fertilizing; (2) after 1 month, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse to be ranged from 24 to 26 DEG C in the daytime and to be ranged from 18 to 20 DEG C at night, regularly fertilizing, and meanwhile, foliage spraying 3 to 7ppm paclobutrazol (pp333) for 2 to 4 times; and (3) keeping the temperature of the greenhouse to be ranged from 25 to 28 DEG C in the daytime and to be ranged from 20 to 22 DEG C at night in 2 to 3 months before expected blossoming, and regularly fertilizing until the chrysanthemum blooms.

Description

Summer forcing cultivation method for edible summer chrysanthemum
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flower production and cultivation technology, in particular to a summer forcing cultivation method for edible summer chrysanthemum.
Background
The charcot belongs to Compositae, and is distributed in Taiwan and Yinhui and Java in Taiwan in China. Summer chrysanthemum is a evergreen herb, short in stem, large in leaf, one to several flower stems, arched, large in flower and butterfly. It is heat-loving and yin-resistant, is a temperature-sensitive flower, and is suitable for the environment with multiple temperatures and ventilation. The required luminosity is about 40% of full sunlight, relative humidity 70%, temperature 15-30 ℃. The common summer chrysanthemum season is 11 months to 2 months in the next year, and the flowering phase is as long as one season.
Summer chrysanthemum blooms in summer and autumn and needs low-temperature forcing culture. For a long time, flower forcing is basically carried out in northern China by adopting high mountain flower forcing or flat ground fan water curtain low-temperature flower forcing to carry out summer forcing culture. The transportation cost of the flower forcing in the high mountains is high, and the maintenance cost of the high mountain base is also high. The cost of the single finished summer chrysanthemum can be improved by flower forcing in a high mountain base; the low-temperature flower forcing of the flat-ground fan water curtain can not be reduced to a low enough temperature in summer, and the low-temperature time is not long enough, so that the flower forcing and stalk emergence rate is low, the stalk pumping time is slow, and the quality of finished flowers can deviate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for promoting edible summer chrysanthemum in summer, which is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
step one, moving the mature big chrysanthemum seedlings into a greenhouse 4-5 months before the expected flowering, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 24-32 ℃ in the daytime and 18-26 ℃ at night, and periodically applying fertilizers;
step two, after 1 month, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, periodically applying fertilizers, and simultaneously spraying 3-7ppm paclobutrazol (pp333) on leaf surfaces for 2-4 times;
and step three, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night 2-3 months before the expected blossoming, and applying fertilizers regularly until the chrysanthemum blossoms.
Preferably, in the first step, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept between 30 and 32 ℃ in the daytime and between 24 and 26 ℃ in the nighttime.
More preferably, the first step further comprises adjusting the light in the greenhouse to 10000-12000Lux, and applying N: p: the K ratio is 20: 20: 20, the EC value of the fertilizer water is kept between 1.0 and 1.2 when the fertilizer is applied once.
Or preferably, the second step further comprises adjusting the illumination in the greenhouse to 12000-15000Lux, changing the fertilizer into N: p: the K ratio is 9: 45: 15, the flower forcing fertilizer is used once a week, the concentration of the fertilizer is that the EC value of water for fertilizing is kept between 1.0 and 1.2, and 5ppm paclobutrazol (pp333) is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, once a week and three times continuously.
More preferably, in the second step, after one month of growth and cultivation, when more than 90% of chrysanthemum subjected to flower forcing is subjected to stalk extraction and the stalks grow to about 10cm, the fertilizer is stopped once, and the chrysanthemum is thoroughly watered with clear water with an EC value of less than 0.2 once.
Or preferably, the third step further comprises the step of adjusting the illumination in the greenhouse to 15000-18000Lux, changing the fertilizer into N: p: the proportion of K is 20: 20: 20, once per week, keeping the EC value of fertilizer water at 0.8-1.0, and stopping fertilizing after 6 times continuously until the chrysanthemum flowers.
The transformation from vegetative growth to stem-drawing flowering of the chrysanthemum is facilitated by large temperature change besides the requirement that the temperature is low enough, and the transformation from vegetative growth to stem-drawing flowering of the chrysanthemum is facilitated by chemical agent paclobutrazol (pp333) for inhibiting growth. The forcing culture method adopts the earlier stage to obviously improve the growth and cultivation temperature of the chrysanthemum, enters the flower forcing period to greatly reduce the cultivation environment temperature of the chrysanthemum and combines the use of paclobutrazol (pp333) to inhibit the vegetative growth of the chrysanthemum, so that the period is rapidly converted from nutrient growth to peduncle-drawing flowering.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method is used for promoting the chrysanthemum flower in summer in North China, the stem drawing speed is high, the stem drawing rate is high, and the quality of the finished flower is high.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1.
Selecting mature large chrysanthemum seedlings which can enter the flower forcing process to a preset greenhouse 4 and a half months before the expected flowering, keeping the cultivation temperature in the greenhouse at 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ in the nighttime, and applying the mature large chrysanthemum seedlings with water once a week: p: the K ratio is 20: 20: 20 flowers have no defects and balance fertilizer once, and the application concentration of the fertilizer is that the EC value of fertilizer water is kept between 1.0 and 1.2. After one month, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, and the fertilizer is changed into N: p: the K ratio is 9: 45: 15, the flower-free high-phosphorus fertilizer is applied once a week, the concentration of the fertilizer is that the EC value of the fertilizer water is kept between 1.0 and 1.2, and simultaneously 6ppm paclobutrazol (pp333) is sprayed on the leaf surface once a week for three times continuously. In the 2 months before the expected flowering, the temperature of the greenhouse can be adjusted to 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night, and the fertilizer is changed into N: p: the proportion of K is 20: 20: 20 flowers have no shortage of balanced fertilizer, once a week, and the EC value of fertilizer water is kept between 0.8 and 1.0 until the chrysanthemum flowers.
Example 2.
Selecting mature large chrysanthemum seedlings which can enter flower forcing to a predetermined greenhouse 4 and a half months before the expected flowering, keeping the cultivation temperature in the greenhouse at 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, adjusting the illumination in the greenhouse to 10000-12000Lux, and applying the mature large chrysanthemum seedlings with water once a week: p: the K ratio is 20: 20: 20 flowers have no defects and balance fertilizer once, and the application concentration of the fertilizer is that the EC value of fertilizer water is kept between 1.0 and 1.2. After one month, the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, the illumination in the greenhouse is adjusted to 12000-15000Lux, and the fertilizer is changed into N: p: the K ratio is 9: 45: 15, applying the fertilizer once a week, keeping the fertilizer concentration between 1.0 and 1.2 when the EC value of the fertilizer water is kept, simultaneously spraying 5ppm paclobutrazol (pp333) once a week, continuously three times, stopping applying the fertilizer once after the growth and cultivation of one month, when over 90 percent of chrysanthemum subjected to flower forcing is subjected to stem extraction and the flower stem grows to about 10cm, and completely watering the chrysanthemum with clear water with the EC value lower than 0.2. The distance from the expected flowering of chrysanthemum is 2 and a half months, the temperature of the greenhouse can be adjusted to 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night, the illumination in the greenhouse is adjusted to 15000-18000Lux, and the fertilizer is changed into N: p: the proportion of K is 20: 20: 20, balancing fertilizer once a week, keeping the EC value of fertilizer water between 0.8 and 1.0, and stopping fertilizing after 6 times of succession until the chrysanthemum flowers.
Example 3.
Selecting mature large chrysanthemum seedlings which can enter flower forcing to a predetermined greenhouse 4 and a half months before expected flowering, raising the cultivation temperature in the greenhouse to 30-32 ℃ in the daytime and 24-26 ℃ at night, adjusting the illumination in the greenhouse to 10000-12000Lux, and applying the mature large chrysanthemum seedlings with water once a week: p: the K ratio is 20: 20: 20 flowers have no defects and balance fertilizer once, and the application concentration of the fertilizer is that the EC value of fertilizer water is kept between 1.0 and 1.2. After one month, the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, the illumination in the greenhouse is adjusted to 12000-15000Lux, and the fertilizer is changed into N: p: the K ratio is 9: 45: 15, applying the fertilizer once a week, keeping the fertilizer concentration between 1.0 and 1.2 when the EC value of the fertilizer water is kept, simultaneously spraying 5ppm paclobutrazol (pp333) once a week, continuously three times, stopping applying the fertilizer once after the growth and cultivation of one month, when over 90 percent of chrysanthemum subjected to flower forcing is subjected to stem extraction and the flower stem grows to about 10cm, and completely watering the chrysanthemum with clear water with the EC value lower than 0.2. The distance from the expected flowering of chrysanthemum is 2 and a half months, the temperature of the greenhouse can be adjusted to 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night, the illumination in the greenhouse is adjusted to 15000-18000Lux, and the fertilizer is changed into N: p: the proportion of K is 20: 20: 20, balancing fertilizer once a week, keeping the EC value of fertilizer water between 0.8 and 1.0, and stopping fertilizing after 6 times of succession until the chrysanthemum flowers.
Wherein,
(1) flower-scarless balance fertilizer 20+20+20+ TE
The product is characterized in that: the formula has balanced nutrition and is suitable for the nutritional requirements of crops at different stages; the fertilizer is rich in trace elements, ensures the healthy growth of plants and avoids the occurrence of nutrient deficiency of crops; the formula is weakly acidic, is suitable for most crops, and has an acid regulating effect on alkaline soil; the high nitrogen and phosphorus have the effects of root lifting and seedling strengthening; can be mixed with other fertilizers for application; is suitable for the fertilizer of the seedling stage of crops and the full growth stage of foliage plants.
Nutrient guarantee amount:
the application method comprises the following steps:
the recommended use multiple is 600-1200 times, and the detailed technical indexes refer to the following table.
(prepared using purified water of pH 7 as solvent)
(2) High phosphate fertilizer 9+45+15+ TE
The product is characterized in that: 9-45-15 is a high-phosphorus formula specially designed for promoting rooting of plant seedlings or flower forcing, and the content of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride (P205) reaches 45%; the formula has a low EC value, does not contain harmful ions such as Na +, C1-and the like, and avoids harmful damage to plants.
The application method comprises the following steps:
the recommended use multiple is 600-1200 times, and the detailed technical indexes refer to the following table.
(prepared using purified water of pH 7 as solvent)
Experiments show that the lower-level flowering promoting rate of the three embodiments is 42%, 61% and 75% respectively. Particularly, the preferable embodiment of the invention adopts the early stage to increase the growth cultivation temperature of the chrysanthemum, enters the flower forcing period to greatly reduce the cultivation environment temperature of the chrysanthemum and combines the use of paclobutrazol (pp333) to inhibit the vegetative growth of the chrysanthemum, so that the period is rapidly converted to the stem-drawing flowering. The method is used for promoting the chrysanthemum flower in summer in North China, the stem drawing speed is high, the stem drawing rate is high, and the quality of the finished flower is high. After blooming, the single plant has a large number of flowers, the flower color is gorgeous, the flower forcing cost is low in summer, and a large amount of chrysanthemum flowers can come into the market in summer and autumn in North China.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. A summer-promoted cultivation method for edible summer chrysanthemum is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
step one, moving the mature and large chrysanthemum seedlings into a greenhouse 4-5 months before the expected flowering, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 30-32 ℃ in the daytime and 24-26 ℃ at night, adjusting the illumination in the greenhouse to 10000-;
step two, after 1 month, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, adjusting the illumination in the greenhouse to 12000-plus 15000Lux, changing the fertilizer into flower-promoting fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K of 9 to 45 to 15, once per week, keeping the EC value of the fertilizer water at 1.0-1.2, simultaneously spraying 5ppm paclobutrazol (pp333) on the leaf surfaces, once per week, and continuously three times;
and step three, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night 2-3 months before the chrysanthemum is expected to bloom, adjusting the illumination in the greenhouse to 15000-18000Lux, changing the fertilizer into a balanced fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K of 20 to 20, keeping the EC value of rich water at 0.8-1.0 once a week, and stopping fertilizing after 6 times of succession until the chrysanthemum blooms.
2. The summer-forcing cultivation method of edible summer chrysanthemums as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said second step, after one month of growth cultivation, when more than 90% of chrysanthemum flowers are stem-drawing and the flower stem is growing to about 10cm, the fertilizer is stopped once, and the chrysanthemum flowers are watered thoroughly with clear water with EC value lower than 0.2.
CN201611171009.4A 2016-12-16 2016-12-16 Cultivation method for forcing edible summer-flowering chrysanthemum in summer Pending CN106508413A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109769567A (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-05-21 三明市农业科学研究院 A kind of cultural method improving Skimmia japonica Rubella setting percentage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109769567A (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-05-21 三明市农业科学研究院 A kind of cultural method improving Skimmia japonica Rubella setting percentage
CN109769567B (en) * 2019-03-07 2021-03-30 三明市农业科学研究院 Cultivation method for improving seed setting rate of skimmia purpurea

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Application publication date: 20170322