CN106508352A - Green production method of bitter gourd bagging - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a green production method of a bitter gourd bagging. The production method specifically comprises the first step of selecting the texture of a bag body; the second step of selecting the bagging time; the third step of selecting young fruits; the fourth step of operating the bagging, wherein in the first step, insect prevention mesh bag bagging is adopted when the temperature and the humidity are high, and freshness protection package bagging is adopted when the temperature and the humidity are low; in the second step, the bagging time is selected to be at noon and afternoon, and pollinated young fruits are selected to be subjected to bagging; artificial supplementary pollination needs to be conducted in the morning and in rainy days, and then bagging is conducted after the artificial supplementary pollination; in the third step, young fruits of which carpopodiums extend to 4-7 centimeters, fruit bodies are straight, fruit colors are dark green are selected to be subjected to bagging, and other young fruits need to be removed; in the fourth step, the young fruits are carefully put into bags after the young fruits are elected, and the bag mouths are well bundled or buckled; pores need to be stabbed at the bottoms of the bags with a needle so as to discharge water and deflate the bags when the freshness protection package bagging is used. According to the production method of the bitter gourd bagging, very few trypetid harming symptoms happen, insect pests on the stems and the leaves of the bitter gourd are few, trypetid harming problems are comprehensively solved, chemical pesticides do not need to be sprayed, and green production of the bitter gourd can be conducted.

Description

A kind of bagging green production method of balsam pear

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a green production method of bitter melon.

Background technique

Momordica charantia L. belongs to the genus Momordica of Cucurbitaceae, and is an annual climbing herb. Because of its high edible value and chemical components with medicinal value such as phytoinsulin, balsam pearin, balsam pear pavilion, MAP30, etc., it is widely cultivated in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. However, during the fruiting period of bitter melon, the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests leads to a serious decline in the quality and yield of bitter melon, especially the two pests of Bactrocera cucurbit ae (Coquillett) and Bactrocera tau (Walker) Even more devastating. At present, the most effective way to control the two types of fruit flies in the world is to manually release a large number of sterile males, that is, to mate with wild females through sterile males, resulting in the inability of females to produce offspring and gradually reducing the number of pest populations. Among them, the United States and Japan have finally eradicated the fruit fly in various parts of their countries through the release of sterile males of the fruit fly. In my country, the use of sterile fruit fly technology is not yet mature, and the large-scale application of chemical pesticides is still the main means to control two kinds of fruit flies. However, for fruit vegetables such as bitter melon that are picked continuously and grown continuously, there is basically no safe application interval, which will easily lead to spraying pesticides on the fruits that are about to be picked and harvested, resulting in serious pesticide residues exceeding the standard. In addition, the extensive use of chemical pesticides is likely to cause the resistance of fruit flies.

Bagging is to put the fruit into isolation bags made of paper, plastic, non-woven fabric and other materials during the fruit growth period to prevent the fruit from being attacked by birds, diseases and insect pests, and damage by wind, rain and sunlight. Studies have found that bagging fruit vegetables can not only prevent pests, but also accelerate fruit development, improve fruit quality, and reduce pesticide residues. Domestic researchers have studied the bagging technology of bitter gourd. For example, "Plant Protection" 2015, 41 (6): 225-229 pages "Evaluation of the effect of bagging bitter gourd on the control of B. The control effect of newspaper bags on Bacterophora melons and Squash Bacteria on bitter melon; "Modern Agricultural Science and Technology" 2008 No. 19 "Experiment on the control of fruit flies in Luodian bitter melon bagging" studied white paper bags, newspaper bags, and kraft paper bags. A test on the effect of bagging on bitter gourd to control fly-eating flies was carried out. The results showed that after the bitter melon was bagged, the rate of good melons increased significantly, but the paper bag was fragile and easily damaged by wind and rain, so it was not suitable for use. Existing other open publications also do not see the report that the bag of other material is used for bitter gourd bagging.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a green production method of bitter gourd bagging, which uses the combination of insect-proof net bags and plastic bags, and combines bagging time selection, young fruit selection, and bagging operations to make bitter gourd The control effect of the fruit fly is more than 95%.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A green production method of bitter gourd bagging, the specific method comprising:

(1) Selection of bag material: According to different climate factors, different types of bags are used for bagging. When the temperature is high and the humidity is high (such as July to August), insect-proof mesh bags are used for bagging, which is convenient for ventilation and light transmission, cooling and dehumidification, and low temperature. When the humidity is low (such as late August to November), use a fresh-keeping bag to cover it, which is good for heat preservation and moisture retention, and promotes the normal growth and development of melons and fruits;

(2) Bagging time selection: Bagging time selection, choose noon or afternoon, and choose pollinated young fruits for bagging. At this time, bagging can reduce damage to stems and leaves and ensure that young fruits have been pollinated; morning or rainy days Bagging should be artificially assisted by pollination, and then bagged after pollination;

(3) Selection of young fruit: Young fruit should be bagged with elongated fruit stalks with a length of 4 to 7 cm. The fruit body should be straight and the fruit color should be green. Other young fruits (if the body is curved, turn yellow) to be removed;

(4) Bagging operation: After the young fruit is selected, carefully put the young fruit into the bag and tie or fasten the mouth of the bag. When using a fresh-keeping bag for bagging, use a needle hole at the bottom of the bag to drain and deflate.

Further, during the bagging operation, put the wrapped young fruits in different places according to the climate, put them in a cool place with high temperature and humidity, and put them in a sunny place with low temperature.

The present invention has following beneficial effects:

According to the production method of the present invention, the good rate of bitter gourd is basically over 95%, there are very few symptoms of fruit fly damage, the stems and leaves of bitter gourd are less pest-infested, and the bagging method is used to completely solve the problem of fruit fly harm without spraying chemical Pesticides, for green production of bitter gourd.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with examples, which are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not limitations of the present invention.

Example

In a bitter melon plot of about 5 mu in Longmen County, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, it is divided into A plot and B plot with the same area. The A plot adopts the green production method of bitter gourd bagging. The specific methods include:

(1) Selection of bag material: According to different climate factors, bags of different materials are used for bagging, and insect-proof net bags are used for high temperature and high humidity (such as July to August); low temperature and low humidity (such as late August ~ November) adopt fresh-keeping bags;

(2) Bagging time selection: choose noon or afternoon, and choose pollinated young fruits for bagging. At this time, bagging can reduce damage to stems and leaves and ensure that young fruits have been pollinated; bagging in the morning or on rainy days must be carried out manually. Auxiliary pollination, bagging after pollination;

(3) Selection of young fruit: For young fruit bagging, the stalk should be elongated, with a 4-7 cm long stalk, the fruit body should be straight, the fruit color should be green, and other young fruits should be removed;

(4) Bagging operation: After the young fruit is selected, carefully put the young fruit into the bag and tie or fasten the mouth of the bag. When using a fresh-keeping bag for bagging, use a needle hole at the bottom of the bag to drain and deflate.

At the same time, use the following supporting technical measures: ⑴ When selecting disease-resistant varieties and species, use warm water at 50-55°C to sanitize the seeds for 15-20 minutes; ⑵The seedbed should choose plots that have not raised seedlings for more than 3 years; Crop rotation should be carried out once every three years, and it is best to implement paddy and dry crop rotation; (4) The planting area should be sterilized with fresh slaked lime; Implement weight loss and increase efficiency to optimize fertilization to prevent disease occurrence; (7) control Bacteralis melons by bagging control, hang bottles around the bitter gourd field to put sexual attractants, hang 20 bottles per mu to trap and kill adults of Bacterophae melons, and use bananas, pumpkins, Add appropriate amount of trichlorfon to honey to make a lure to trap and kill adults of Bactrocera melons, and put 25 points per mu.

Lot B only uses the same supporting technical measures as Lot A, but does not carry out bagging at all.

When the bitter gourd was harvested, according to statistics, the good melon rate in plot A reached 98%, while that in plot B was only 15%. The difference in effect was significant.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of Fructus Momordicae charantiae bagging Green production method, it is characterised in that concrete grammar includes：

（1）Bag material is selected：According to Different climate factor, using different bag species baggings, the big employing insect prevention of temperature high humility Mesh bag bagging；The little employing freshness protection package bagging of temperature low humidity；

（2）Bagging time is selected：Bagging time is selected, and selects noon, afternoon, selects oneself to carry out bagging by pollination young fruit；Morning or Overcast and rainy bagging will carry out artificial supplementary pollination, bagging again after pollination；

（3）Young fruit is selected：Young fruit bagging will select fruit stem oneself elongation, have 4～7 centimeter length fruit stems, fruit body to select fruit body it is straight, Fruit color is dark green, and other young fruits will be extractd；

（4）Bagging is operated：Young fruit is carefully put young fruit in bag into after selecting and bag mouth is tied or buckled well；Will using freshness protection package bagging Deflated with the draining of acupuncture hole in bag bottom.

2. Fructus Momordicae charantiae bagging Green production method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Bagging presses weather grip when operating Good young fruit is placed on different places, and temperature high humidity is placed on that shady place, low temperature are low to be placed at sunlight.