CN106508344A - High-yield cultivation method of shiny bugleweed - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method of shiny bugleweed Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508344A CN106508344A CN201610906162.0A CN201610906162A CN106508344A CN 106508344 A CN106508344 A CN 106508344A CN 201610906162 A CN201610906162 A CN 201610906162A CN 106508344 A CN106508344 A CN 106508344A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of shiny bugleweed. The cultivation method comprises the steps of selection of cultivated land, soil improvement and field management. The selection of the cultivated land and the soil improvement comprises the steps of choosing a sloping field with loose land, flat terrain and good ventilation and drainage, conducting deep ploughing by 40-50 cm 1-2 months before land cultivation, conducting thorough harrowing 3-5 days before sowing, conducting sufficient fine crushing on the soil, and then conducting furrowing and making a trench; digging planting caves in the trench, wherein the interval of two planting caves is 50-70 cm; filling soil adjustor A in the planting caves, refilling one third of surface soil, then filling soil adjustor B, refilling one third of surface oil, mixing and refilling the redundant surface soil with the home-made fertilizer. The field management comprises the steps of planting, top dressing management, intertillage weeding and pest control. The high-yield cultivation method of shiny bugleweed has the advantages of increasing the yield of the shiny bugleweed, reducing the use of the fertilizer, improving the soil fertility and promoting income of farmers.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to planting technology field, specifically a kind of non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method.
【Background technology】
Non-irrigated lotus root another name any of several broadleaf plants lotus root, canna, achira, belong to Cannaceae perennial herb plant, originate in South America, 20 generation
China's cultivation that just induces one of recording now is distributed widely in Guizhou Province of Yunnan Province of Southwestern China portion, Sichuan Province, Chongqing City, middle part Henan Province and
The ground such as southern Hunan Province, Guangxi.Nutritious its rhizome of non-irrigated lotus root is rich in starch, crude protein and crude fibre, and rich in having to human body
The iron of benefit, the trace element such as calcium and several amino acids, with health-care efficacies such as anti-cancer, preventing obesity, reducing blood sugar and blood lipids, purposes is wide
It is general, integrate edible, medicinal, feeding, brewage.Non-irrigated lotus root also have improve a poor appetite, digestion-promoting fat, Appetizing spleen-tonifying the effect of, can use
In processing dry lotus root starch, dry lotus root vermicelli vermicelli etc..Non-irrigated lotus root be it is a kind of integrate grain, feed and energy crop it is multiplex by way of
Ji crop, wide market.In recent years, planting non-irrigated lotus root becomes adjustment mountain farming structure, development characteristic industry it is important
One of approach.
Current drought lotus root cultivation management is extensive, and cultivation technique falls behind relatively, be grown in field, Around the house naturally
Main, the natural environment of growth is poor, yields poorly.Mesh does not also have scientific and reasonable non-irrigated lotus root to increase production efficient implantation methods.
【The content of the invention】
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to which a kind of non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method is provided.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method is comprised the following steps：Planting site is selected and soil improvement, field management, its feature
It is：
(1) planting site is selected and soil improvement：Selection soil is loose, physical features is flat, the hillside fields that ventilating drainage is good, plantation
Deep ploughing 40-50cm is carried out to plot within 1-2 month before ground, carefully harrowed again within 3-5 days before sowing, make soil fully in small, broken bits, Ran Houkai
Ditch is Sui；Kind of a plant hole is dug in Sui, two kinds of plant hole spacing 50-70cm insert soil instrumentality A, backfill 1/3rd in kind of a plant hole
Table soil, is further filled with soil instrumentality B, and backfill 1/3rd tables soil, remaining table soil mix backfill with self-control fertilizer；The soil is adjusted
Section thing A is mixed by following parts by weight raw material：Pomelo peel 10-20 parts, stalk 20-30 parts, beehive coal ball burning after coal
Slag 15-20 parts；The soil instrumentality B is mixed by following parts by weight raw material：Bagasse 30-40 parts, lime 1-2 parts,
Gypsum 2-3 parts；
(2) field management：Including planting, topdress management, middle weeding and pest control；
A is planted：Select that root system is good, bud-end redly, grow fine, no disease and pests harm and seed bud is full plants, if kind block compared with
Greatly, fragment is divided into block is planted, each kind of block 2-3 bud of band, incision are sowed by spreading plant ash, and each is planted plant hole and is put into
2 kind blocks, plant block eye earthing 3cm upward, then the straw moisturizing on native cover；
B topdresses management：Non-irrigated lotus root carries out ground fertilising in breeding time, fertilizer apart from plant 8-10cm, earthing after fertilising；
Weeding in C：When non-irrigated lotus root goes out 5-6 piece leaves, first time intertillage is carried out, intertills and overstocked, thin and delicate stem seedling is removed,
Intertillage depth is 8-10cm for the first time；When plant grows to 10-12 piece leaves, second intertillage is carried out, second intertillage depth is
10-15cm, second intertillage are administered simultaneously self-control fertilizer, peel off non-irrigated lotus root base portion yellow leaf during intertillage simultaneously；Intertillage is removed simultaneously
Weeds in field, weeds, yellow leaf are embedded in soil together with self-control fertilizer；
D pest controls：For chafer insect pest, volumetric concentration was sprayed for 80% DDVP and dilute 1500 times of liquid, every 5 days
Sprinkling 1 time is carried out, is sprayed 3 times altogether；For the insect pest of sweet potato Tiane, volumetric concentration is sprayed for 40% enemy worm chrysanthemum vinegar and dilute 1000 times
Liquid, carried out sprinkling 1 time every 5 days, sprayed 2 times altogether.
Further, the self-control fertilizer is obtained by following methods：By weight by chicken manure 20-30 parts, pig manure 20-30
Part, crustacean shell 2-3 parts, ammonium humate 2-3 parts are well mixed and obtain mixture, and the mixture is sealed anaerobic fermentation
15-20 days, after fermentation ends, add copper acetate 1-2 parts, bentonite 3-7 parts, composite fertilizer's 10-15 parts, stalk again by weight
5-10 parts are well mixed and add water, and control moisture stands in 30-60% and obtains within 1-2 days making fertilizer by oneself.
Further, the soil instrumentality A preparation methods are：Take stalk and dry dry and pomelo peel, beehive coal ball burning
Crush after cinder mixing afterwards and obtain soil instrumentality A, it is highly 3-5cm that each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality A.
Further, soil instrumentality B preparation methods are：Bagasse crushing is separately added into into lime again and gypsum mixing is equal
Even, adding water makes its moisture stand 1-2 days in 20-35%, and each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality B height for 3-5cm.
Further, described kind of plant hole long 25-35cm, wide 20-30cm, deep 40-50cm.
Further, the planting site is selected and each plantation of soil improvement phase to be spreaded manuer in holes and make fertilizer by oneself with 1-2kg.
Further, administration fertilizer is every time for the management of topdressing：Urea 80kg/ mus, potash fertilizer 50kg/ mus, composite fertilizer
60kg/ mus, are applied twice altogether.
Further, the furrow width 80-140cm, high 15-20cm, furrow width 20-30cm between furrow.
Stalk for be ripe crops cauline leaf (fringe) part general name.Be often referred to wheat, corn, potato class, have dish, cotton,
The remainder of paddy rice, sugarcane and other crops (usually coarse food grain) after seed is harvested.The photosynthetic product of crops
Have more than half to be present in stalk, stalk is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc., be it is a kind of have it is multiduty can
The living resources of regeneration, stalk is buried, and in underground, slowly fermentation not only provides abundant nutriment and micro unit to non-irrigated lotus root growth
Element, also acts as and maintains the effect of topsoil reservoir storage, plays in the rainwater abundant time and quickly surface water is down permeated, prevent drought
Lotus root stem block is rotted by immersion.Arid season also can for needed for non-irrigated lotus root provides growth moisture.
Pomelo peel refers to the skin of fruit shaddock, and shaddock crust is very thick, containing the abundant mineral matter such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, with it is edible,
The effects such as dispelling odor, mosquito proof.Pomelo peel metabolite in soil, often in alkalescence, effectively changes the acid-base value of soil, profit
Grow in non-irrigated lotus root and stem block is grown up.
Cinder after beehive coal ball burning, cinder main component is silicon, aluminum oxide, containing iron oxide, calcium oxide, oxidation
The various trace elements such as magnesium, its architectural feature are porous material, with good ventilative water-retaining property fertilizer conservation.
Bagasse is sugar cane crushing or squeezes the residue after sugar, and quality is thick and stiff, and bagasse accounts for the 24%-27% of sugarcane, sugarcane
Slag contains abundant cellulose.
Cinder in soil filler A after the burning of stalk, pomelo peel and beehive coal ball coordinates mutually synergy, can not only cooperate with
Strengthen soil fertility and adjust soil moisture content, balanced soil nutrition, strengthen soil vitality, abundant nutrition is provided for the growth of non-irrigated lotus root
Composition, and the slow control break soil acidity or alkalinity of energy, common change allow soil environment to be more suitable for non-irrigated lotus root growth.
In soil filler B, bagasse can play regulation soil physical chemistry activity, can play retain water and nutrients effect, dredge
Rippers layer purpose, beneficial to non-irrigated lotus root root system development go deep into soil layer depths, the formation of stem block is grown up.Bagasse slant acidity, adds stone
Ash and gypsum can adjust its acidity, be more suitable for the growth demand of non-irrigated lotus root.
Nutrient N, P, K, Ca, s, various saccharides, the amino acid necessary to crop such as chicken manure, pig manure in self-control fertilizer,
Comprehensive nutritional composition can be provided for soil, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increase and update the soil organism, be promoted microbial reproduction, change
The physicochemical property and biologically active of kind soil.
Ammonium humate, outward appearance is crystallized black particle, or cylindrical particle is soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is in alkalescent.
Agriculture aspect, is used as humic acid fertilizer, can with the element compounds such as the nitrogen needed for plant, phosphorus, potassium after become it is multi-functional efficiently
Compound fertilizer, as soil conditioner, plant growth stimulator and fertilizer efficiency promoting agent.
The shell of crustacean shell fingernail animal, crustacean is a subphylum in Arthropoda, its body surface
There are one layer of chitin shell, referred to as crust, including shrimps, crab class, gammarid, comb shrimp and branchiopod guiding principle, Jie shape guiding principle animal etc., crust
Animal shell is rich in chitin.Crustacean shell produces a large amount of chitins with nitrogenous small molecule organic compound by fermentation energy
Thing, chitin can agriculturally do insecticide, plant antiviral agent, nitrogenous small molecular organic compounds, these small molecules
Compound is obvious to the growth inhibition effect of phytopathogen, and has facilitation to plant growth.
Copper acetate is acted on and obtained by copper, cupric oxide or copper carbonate and acetic acid.Purposes：As insecticide, bactericide, organic anti-
Answer catalyst and porcelain pigment etc..
Bentonite, be manured into soil after, can absorb water exapnsion, change soil in solid, liquid, the ratio of gas, bentonite
Production line makes soil texture loose, can play a part of to improve soil physical property, makes soil both water conservation, fertilizer conservation, and does not pollute
Soil environment, this is extremely effective soil conditioner to arid area, while being the carrier of excellent bacterium thing.
In self-control fertilizer, the mutual coordinated of each raw material can provide comprehensive nutritional composition for soil, and fertilizer efficiency is long, is
Non-irrigated lotus root growth provides comprehensive nutrient, strong plant, and can effectively prevent and treat various germs in soil, prevents non-irrigated lotus root stem block because of infection
Germ is rotted.
The present invention has the advantages that：
1. the present invention is tall and big according to non-irrigated lotus root habit plant, well developed root system, and root system gos deep into soil layer, and happiness is warm, moist, no
Drought-resistant, water logging.Soil instrumentality A and soil instrumentality B is inserted in kind of a plant hole, soil instrumentality A is mutual with soil instrumentality B
Coordinate so that soil layer has strong preservation capacity of water and fertility, and dry season soil layer is not done, rainy season ground moisture can rapidly under ooze, maintain one it is suitable
In the soil environment of non-irrigated lotus root growth.And soil instrumentality A is additionally favorable for non-irrigated lotus root root growth depth with soil instrumentality B collective effects
Underground layer draws more nutrients, forms bigger stem block.
2. soil instrumentality A of the present invention and soil instrumentality B can also improve soil property, improve soil physical chemistry activity, loose soil
Matter, wherein soil instrumentality are slowly decomposed and can also provide abundant nutrient content for non-irrigated lotus root, promote the growth of non-irrigated lotus root stem block and expand.
3. the present invention is very flourishing according to non-irrigated lotus root underground stem tuber and fibrous root, and breeding time long absorption ability of nutrient is strong, many features of fertilizer requirement,
Self-control fertilizer is applied in the addition in soil, and the long comprehensive nutrition of self-control fertilizer efficiency can effectively facilitate non-irrigated lotus root stem block and expand；Exist in addition
Breeding time goes back Potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer to meet its fertilizer demand that grows.
【Specific embodiment】
Embodiment 1
A kind of non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method：Comprise the following steps：Planting site is selected and soil improvement, field management；
(1) planting site is selected and soil improvement：Selection soil is loose, physical features is flat, the hillside fields that ventilating drainage is good, plantation
Deep ploughing 40cm is carried out within 1 month before ground to plot, sowing is carefully harrowed for first 3 days again, makes soil fully in small, broken bits, and then trench digging is Sui,
Furrow width 80cm, high 15cm, furrow width 20cm between furrow；Kind of a plant hole is dug in Sui, plant hole long 25cm, wide 20cm, deep 40cm, two kinds of plant holes are planted
Spacing 50cm, inserts soil instrumentality A in kind of a plant hole, and backfill 1/3rd tables soil is further filled with soil instrumentality B, backfills three points
One of table soil, each is planted the remaining table soil of plant hole and makes fertilizer by oneself with 1-2kg and mixes backfill.The soil instrumentality A preparation methods
For：15 parts of cinder after 10 parts of pomelo peel, 20 parts of stalk, beehive coal ball burn is taken by weight；Stalk dries dry and shaddock
Crush after cinder mixing after skin, beehive coal ball burning and obtain soil instrumentality A, each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality A
Highly it is 3cm.The soil instrumentality B preparation methods are：30 parts of bagasse, 1 part of lime, 2 parts of gypsum are taken by weight；Will
Bagasse crushing is separately added into lime again and gypsum is well mixed, and adding water makes its moisture obtain within 1 day soil tune in 20% standing
Section thing B, each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality B height for 3cm.The self-control fertilizer is obtained by following methods：By weight
20 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of pig manure, 2 parts of crustacean shell, 2 parts of ammonium humate are well mixed and obtain mixture by number, will be described mixed
Compound sealing anaerobic fermentation 15 days, adds 1 part of copper acetate, 3 parts of bentonite, composite fertilizer 10 again by weight after fermentation ends
Part, 5 parts of stalk are well mixed and add water, and control moisture stands 30% and obtains within 1 day making fertilizer by oneself.
(2) field management：Including planting, topdress management, middle weeding and pest control；
A is planted：Select that root system is good, bud-end redly, grow fine, no disease and pests harm and seed bud is full plants, if kind block compared with
Greatly, fragment is divided into block is planted, each kind of block 2 buds of band, incision are sowed by spreading plant ash, and each is planted plant hole and is put into 2
Individual kind of block, plants block eye earthing 3cm upward, then the straw moisturizing on native cover；
B topdresses management：Non-irrigated lotus root carries out ground fertilising in breeding time, applies urea 80kg/ mus every time, and potash fertilizer 50kg/ mus are multiple
Hefei 60kg/ mus, apply altogether twice, fertilizer apart from plant 8cm, earthing after fertilising；
Weeding in C：When non-irrigated lotus root goes out 5 leaves, first time intertillage is carried out, intertill and overstocked, thin and delicate stem seedling is removed, the
It is 8cm once to intertill depth；When plant grows to 10 leaves, second intertillage is carried out, depth is intertilled for the second time for 10cm, second
Secondary intertillage each plantation simultaneously to be spreaded manuer in holes and make fertilizer by oneself with 1kg, peels off non-irrigated lotus root base portion yellow leaf during intertillage simultaneously；Intertillage is removed simultaneously
Weeds in field, weeds, yellow leaf are embedded in soil together with self-control fertilizer；
D pest controls：For chafer insect pest, volumetric concentration was sprayed for 80% DDVP and dilute 1500 times of liquid, every 5 days
Sprinkling 1 time is carried out, is sprayed 3 times altogether；For the insect pest of sweet potato Tiane, volumetric concentration is sprayed for 40% enemy worm chrysanthemum vinegar and dilute 1000 times
Liquid, carried out sprinkling 1 time every 5 days, sprayed 2 times altogether.
Embodiment 2
A kind of non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method：Comprise the following steps：Planting site is selected and soil improvement, field management；
(1) planting site is selected and soil improvement：Selection soil is loose, physical features is flat, the hillside fields that ventilating drainage is good, plantation
Deep ploughing 50cm is carried out within 2 months before ground to plot, sowing is carefully harrowed for first 5 days again, makes soil fully in small, broken bits, and then trench digging is Sui,
Furrow width 140cm, high 20cm, furrow width 30cm between furrow；Kind of a plant hole is dug in Sui, plant hole long 35cm, wide 30cm, deep 50cm, two kinds of plants are planted
Cave spacing 70cm, inserts soil instrumentality A in kind of a plant hole, and backfill 1/3rd tables soil is further filled with soil instrumentality B, backfill three
/ mono- table soil, each is planted the remaining table soil of plant hole and mixes backfill with 2kg self-control fertilizer.The soil instrumentality A preparation methods
For：20 parts of cinder after 20 parts of pomelo peel, 30 parts of stalk, beehive coal ball burn is taken by weight；Stalk dries dry and shaddock
Crush after cinder mixing after skin, beehive coal ball burning and obtain soil instrumentality A, each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality A
Highly it is 5cm.The soil instrumentality B preparation methods are：40 parts of bagasse, 2 parts of lime, 3 parts of gypsum are taken by weight；Will
Bagasse crushing is separately added into lime again and gypsum is well mixed, and adding water makes its moisture obtain within 2 days soil tune in 35% standing
Section thing B, each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality B height for 5cm.The self-control fertilizer is obtained by following methods：By weight
30 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of crustacean shell, 3 parts of ammonium humate are well mixed and obtain mixture by number, will be described mixed
Compound sealing anaerobic fermentation 20 days, adds 2 parts of copper acetate, 7 parts of bentonite, composite fertilizer 15 again by weight after fermentation ends
Part, 10 parts of stalk are well mixed and add water, and control moisture stands 60% and obtains within 2 days making fertilizer by oneself.
(2) field management：Including planting, topdress management, middle weeding and pest control；
A is planted：Select that root system is good, bud-end redly, grow fine, no disease and pests harm and seed bud is full plants, if kind block compared with
Greatly, fragment is divided into block is planted, each kind of block 3 buds of band, incision are sowed by spreading plant ash, and each is planted plant hole and is put into 2
Individual kind of block, plants block eye earthing 3cm upward, then the straw moisturizing on native cover；
B topdresses management：Non-irrigated lotus root carries out ground fertilising in breeding time, applies urea 80kg/ mus every time, and potash fertilizer 50kg/ mus are multiple
Hefei 60kg/ mus, apply altogether twice, fertilizer apart from plant 10cm, earthing after fertilising；
Weeding in C：When non-irrigated lotus root goes out 6 leaves, first time intertillage is carried out, intertill and overstocked, thin and delicate stem seedling is removed, the
It is 10cm once to intertill depth；When plant grows to 12 leaves, second intertillage is carried out, second intertillage depth is 15cm, the
Secondary intertillage each plantation simultaneously to be spreaded manuer in holes and make fertilizer by oneself with 2kg, peels off non-irrigated lotus root base portion yellow leaf during intertillage simultaneously；Intertillage is removed simultaneously
Weeds in field is removed, weeds, yellow leaf are embedded in soil together with self-control fertilizer；
D pest controls：For chafer insect pest, volumetric concentration was sprayed for 80% DDVP and dilute 1500 times of liquid, every 5 days
Sprinkling 1 time is carried out, is sprayed 3 times altogether；For the insect pest of sweet potato Tiane, volumetric concentration is sprayed for 40% enemy worm chrysanthemum vinegar and dilute 1000 times
Liquid, carried out sprinkling 1 time every 5 days, sprayed 2 times altogether.
Embodiment 3
A kind of non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method：Comprise the following steps：Planting site is selected and soil improvement, field management；
(1) planting site is selected and soil improvement：Selection soil is loose, physical features is flat, the hillside fields that ventilating drainage is good, plantation
Deep ploughing 45cm is carried out within 2 months before ground to plot, sowing is carefully harrowed for first 4 days again, makes soil fully in small, broken bits, and then trench digging is Sui,
Furrow width 100cm, high 17cm, furrow width 25cm between furrow；Kind of a plant hole is dug in Sui, plant hole long 30cm, wide 25cm, deep 45cm, two kinds of plants are planted
Cave spacing 55cm, inserts soil instrumentality A in kind of a plant hole, and backfill 1/3rd tables soil is further filled with soil instrumentality B, backfill three
/ mono- table soil, each is planted the remaining table soil of plant hole and mixes backfill with 1kg self-control fertilizer.The soil instrumentality A preparation methods
For：18 parts of cinder after 15 parts of pomelo peel, 25 parts of stalk, beehive coal ball burn is taken by weight；Stalk dries dry and shaddock
Crush after cinder mixing after skin, beehive coal ball burning and obtain soil instrumentality A, each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality A
Highly it is 4cm.The soil instrumentality B preparation methods are：35 parts of bagasse, 1 part of lime, 3 parts of gypsum are taken by weight；Will
Bagasse crushing is separately added into lime again and gypsum is well mixed, and adding water makes its moisture obtain within 2 days soil tune in 28% standing
Section thing B, each is planted plant hole and inserts soil instrumentality B height for 4cm.The self-control fertilizer is obtained by following methods：By weight
25 parts of chicken manure, 25 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of crustacean shell, 3 parts of ammonium humate are well mixed and obtain mixture by number, will be described mixed
Compound sealing anaerobic fermentation 17 days, adds 1 part of copper acetate, 5 parts of bentonite, composite fertilizer 12 again by weight after fermentation ends
Part, 7 parts of stalk are well mixed and add water, and control moisture stands 40% and obtains within 2 days making fertilizer by oneself.
(2) field management：Including planting, topdress management, middle weeding and pest control；
A is planted：Select that root system is good, bud-end redly, grow fine, no disease and pests harm and seed bud is full plants, if kind block compared with
Greatly, fragment is divided into block is planted, each kind of block 3 buds of band, incision are sowed by spreading plant ash, and each is planted plant hole and is put into 2
Individual kind of block, plants block eye earthing 3cm upward, then the straw moisturizing on native cover；
B topdresses management：Non-irrigated lotus root carries out ground fertilising in breeding time, applies urea 80kg/ mus every time, and potash fertilizer 50kg/ mus are multiple
Hefei 60kg/ mus, apply altogether twice, fertilizer apart from plant 9cm, earthing after fertilising；
Weeding in C：When non-irrigated lotus root goes out 5 leaves, first time intertillage is carried out, intertill and overstocked, thin and delicate stem seedling is removed, the
It is 8cm once to intertill depth；When plant grows to 11 leaves, second intertillage is carried out, depth is intertilled for the second time for 13cm, second
Secondary intertillage each plantation simultaneously to be spreaded manuer in holes and make fertilizer by oneself with 2kg, peels off non-irrigated lotus root base portion yellow leaf during intertillage simultaneously；Intertillage is removed simultaneously
Weeds in field, weeds, yellow leaf are embedded in soil together with self-control fertilizer；
D pest controls：For chafer insect pest, volumetric concentration was sprayed for 80% DDVP and dilute 1500 times of liquid, every 5 days
Sprinkling 1 time is carried out, is sprayed 3 times altogether；For the insect pest of sweet potato Tiane, volumetric concentration is sprayed for 40% enemy worm chrysanthemum vinegar and dilute 1000 times
Liquid, carried out sprinkling 1 time every 5 days, sprayed 2 times altogether.
For checking present invention drought lotus root high yield cultivating method effect, carry out planting non-irrigated lotus root using following different modes, same
Non-irrigated lotus root will be planted and be divided into for control group 1, control group 2, control group 3 and experimental group in region；
Control group 1：Using with embodiment identical planting patterns plant, but do not insert soil instrumentality A in kind of plant hole
With soil instrumentality B, self-control fertilizer is replaced using the farm manure of the excrement composting of livestock breeding.
Control group 2：Using with embodiment identical planting patterns plant, but kind of plant hole do not insert soil instrumentality A and
Soil instrumentality B.
Control group 3：Using planting with embodiment identical planting patterns, using the farm manure of the excrement composting of livestock breeding
Replace self-control fertilizer；Experimental group is planted using 3 mode of the present embodiment, other way to manages are identical.
Experimental group：Planted using 3 mode of the embodiment of the present invention.
1 non-irrigated lotus root stem block measurement data statistics of table
| Group | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Control group 3 | Experimental group |
| Stem tuber average weight (kg) | 0.232 | 0.264 | 0.257 | 0.282 |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 3826.5 | 4426.2 | 4368.9 | 4886.4 |
Soil instrumentality A of the present invention and soil instrumentality B, self-control fertilizer increase production for non-irrigated lotus root and have as can be seen from the above table
Effective, soil instrumentality is with self-control fertilizer using with more obvious effect of increasing production, present invention drought lotus root high-yield culturing side
Method has good economic benefit.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps：Planting site is selected and soil improvement, field management, its feature
It is：
(1) planting site is selected and soil improvement：Selection soil is loose, physical features is flat, the hillside fields that ventilating drainage is good, before planting site
Deep ploughing 40-50cm is carried out to plot within 1-2 month, carefully harrowed again within 3-5 days before sowing, make soil fully in small, broken bits, then trench digging does
Sui；Kind of a plant hole is dug in Sui, two kinds of plant hole spacing 50-70cm insert soil instrumentality A in kind of a plant hole, and 1/3rd tables of backfill are native,
Soil instrumentality B is further filled with, backfill 1/3rd tables soil, remaining table soil mix backfill with self-control fertilizer；The soil instrumentality A
Mixed by following parts by weight raw material：Pomelo peel 10-20 parts, stalk 20-30 parts, beehive coal ball burning after cinder 15-
20 parts；The soil instrumentality B is mixed by following parts by weight raw material：Bagasse 30-40 parts, lime 1-2 parts, gypsum 2-
3 parts；
(2) field management includes：Plantation, management of topdressing, middle weeding and pest control；
A is planted：Select that root system is good, bud-end redly, grow fine, no disease and pests harm and seed bud is full plants, if kind block is larger,
Plant block and be divided into fragment, each kind of block 2-3 bud of band, incision are sowed by spreading plant ash, and each is planted plant hole and is put into 2 kinds
Block, plants block eye upward, earthing 3cm, then the straw on native cover；
B topdresses management：Non-irrigated lotus root carries out ground fertilising in breeding time, fertilizer apart from plant 8-10cm, earthing after fertilising；
Weeding in C：When non-irrigated lotus root goes out 5-6 piece leaves, first time intertillage is carried out, intertill and overstocked, thin and delicate stem seedling is removed, first
Secondary intertillage depth is 8-10cm；When plant grows to 10-12 piece leaves, second intertillage is carried out, second intertillage depth is 10-
15cm, second intertillage are administered simultaneously self-control fertilizer, peel off and remove weeds in field by non-irrigated lotus root base portion yellow leaf simultaneously during intertillage, will
Weeds, yellow leaf are embedded in soil together with self-control fertilizer；
D pest controls：For chafer insect pest, volumetric concentration is sprayed for 80% DDVP and dilute 1500 times of liquid, carried out every 5 days
Sprinkling 1 time, sprays 3 times altogether；For the insect pest of sweet potato Tiane, volumetric concentration is sprayed for 40% enemy worm chrysanthemum vinegar and dilutes 1000 times of liquid,
Sprinkling 1 time was carried out every 5 days, is sprayed 2 times altogether.
2. non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the self-control fertilizer is by following methods system
：By weight will be chicken manure 20-30 parts, pig manure 20-30 parts, crustacean shell 2-3 parts, the mixing of ammonium humate 2-3 parts equal
It is even to obtain mixture, the mixture is sealed into anaerobic fermentation 15-20 days, copper acetate after fermentation ends, is added again by weight
1-2 parts, bentonite 3-7 parts, composite fertilizer's 10-15 parts, stalk 5-10 parts are well mixed and add water, and control moisture is stood in 30-60%
Obtain within 1-2 days making fertilizer by oneself.
3. non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil instrumentality A preparation methods are：
Take to crush after the dry cinder with after pomelo peel, beehive coal ball burning of stalk drying mixes and obtain soil instrumentality A, each plantation
It is highly 3-5cm that soil instrumentality A is inserted in cave.
4. non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that soil instrumentality B preparation methods are：Will be sweet
Bagasse crushing is separately added into lime again and gypsum is well mixed, and the control water content that adds water stands 1-2 days in 20-35%, often
Individual kind of plant hole inserts soil instrumentality B height for 3-5cm.
5. non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described kind of plant hole long 25-35cm, wide 20-
30cm, deep 40-50cm.
6. non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the planting site is selected and the soil improvement phase
Each plantation to be spreaded manuer in holes and make fertilizer by oneself with 1-2kg.
7. non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that fertilizer is applied in the management of topdressing every time
For：Urea 80kg/ mus, potash fertilizer 50kg/ mus, composite fertilizer's 60kg/ mus are applied twice altogether.
8. non-irrigated lotus root high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the furrow width 80-140cm, high 15-
20cm, furrow width 20-30cm between furrow.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116584198A (en) * | 2023-06-23 | 2023-08-15 | 甘肃昊洲土壤修复科技有限责任公司 | Soil improvement method for preventing soil acidification, alkalization and desertification |
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