CN106457143A - 生产催化剂的方法和催化剂本身 - Google Patents
生产催化剂的方法和催化剂本身 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106457143A CN106457143A CN201580022604.9A CN201580022604A CN106457143A CN 106457143 A CN106457143 A CN 106457143A CN 201580022604 A CN201580022604 A CN 201580022604A CN 106457143 A CN106457143 A CN 106457143A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- zeolite
- inorganic binder
- granule
- binder component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium vanadium Chemical compound [Ti].[V] GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005216 hydrothermal crystallization Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052675 erionite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017102 AlO4/2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXEWIOXOEKLPFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ce+3].[W+2]=O Chemical compound [O-2].[Ce+3].[W+2]=O QXEWIOXOEKLPFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSDRHUAEDRTTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti].[V] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti].[V] WSDRHUAEDRTTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVQIEQQWSIPKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[W].[V].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[W].[V].[Ti] MVQIEQQWSIPKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTAFASHNLKDBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [W+4].[O-2].[Ce+3] Chemical compound [W+4].[O-2].[Ce+3] BTAFASHNLKDBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052635 ferrosilite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930002839 ionone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002499 ionone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006250 specific catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKXHZKXPFJNBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten vanadium Chemical compound [Ti][W][V] WKXHZKXPFJNBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
- B01D53/9486—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start for storing hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/076—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/16—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/50—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the erionite or offretite type, e.g. zeolite T, as exemplified by patent document US2950952
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/50—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the erionite or offretite type, e.g. zeolite T, as exemplified by patent document US2950952
- B01J29/58—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the erionite or offretite type, e.g. zeolite T, as exemplified by patent document US2950952 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/65—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the ferrierite type, e.g. types ZSM-21, ZSM-35 or ZSM-38, as exemplified by patent documents US4046859, US4016245 and US4046859, respectively
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7007—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7015—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/7815—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/783—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2065—Cerium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20738—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20761—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20776—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/60—Synthesis on support
- B01J2229/62—Synthesis on support in or on other molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/60—Synthesis on support
- B01J2229/64—Synthesis on support in or on refractory materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
为了能够以可靠的方法生产SCR催化剂(2),尤其是具有沸石部分(Z)作为催化活性部分的催化剂,同时实现催化剂(2)良好的催化活性,将在起始态时无催化活性,和已经处理来形成催化活性的无机粘结剂部分(B)混合入催化剂组合物(4)。粘结剂部分(B)的无机粘结剂组分在起始态时优选是多孔颗粒(10),尤其是硅藻土,其表现出中多孔性。为了进行催化活化,将单个颗粒(10)用催化活性层(12)涂覆,或者转化成催化活性沸石(14),并且保持中多孔性。
Description
本发明涉及一种生产挤出的催化剂的方法以及催化剂本身,尤其是SCR催化剂。
为了减少来自于固定的和移动的燃烧设备,尤其是机动车辆的废气中的氮氧化物,使用已知的选择性催化还原(SCR)。其中,氮氧化物在氨和氧存在下被还原成氮。用于加速这种反应的各种催化剂类型和体系原则上是已知的。最近受到关注,尤其是用于机动车辆中的移动应用的一类催化剂是基于沸石的催化剂。在此可以提及的尤其是铁交换的或铜交换的沸石,优选ZSM-5(MFI)、β(BEA)、菱沸石(CHA)或者具有骨架结构AEI、ERI、FER的另外的沸石类型作为催化活性组分。
归因于它们具有高微孔性/单位体积的特定形态,这些沸石具有比较大的表面积,这样它们适于压实构造。催化活性还通过引入的铜或铁离子来增加。
目前用于机动车辆中的催化转化器通常是催化剂载体涂层(washcoat),其涂覆在惰性陶瓷基底,尤其是蜂窝陶瓷基底上。
可选地,现代催化转化器可以是挤出的陶瓷催化剂,典型地为蜂窝体的形式。在运行中,待清洁的废气流过涂覆的基底或挤出催化剂体中的通道。
这里原则上,在全活性挤出物和涂覆的载体(称作“载体涂层”)之间存在着区别。在全活性挤出物的情况中,挤出体包含催化活性催化剂组合物,即催化剂的单个通道壁由固体催化活性材料制成。在载体涂层的情况中,催化惰性挤出的支撑体涂覆有实际的催化活性催化剂材料。这通常通过将挤出的支撑体浸入含有催化剂材料的悬浮液中来进行。
为了生产挤出的催化剂体,通常提供陶瓷挤出组合物,它的流变性能已经设定来适于挤出方法。这种挤出组合物是塑性的(即容易成形或可模制)、粘性组合物。为了设定挤出组合物的所需流变性能以及挤出物的机械性能,通常将粘结剂或添加剂添加到挤出组合物中。
在全活性挤出物的情况中,催化活性组分存在于挤出组合物中。在基于例如二氧化钛/五氧化二钒体系的常规催化剂的情况中,粘结剂的比例通常是几个重量百分比,例如2-10重量%。
但是,当沸石用作催化活性组分时,挤出更难以进行,因为沸石由于它们的具体性能和它们的形态而相对难以挤出。另一问题还在于基于沸石的催化剂体系降低的机械稳定性。由于这种背景,与二氧化钛/五氧化二钒体系相比,必须使用明显更高比例的粘结剂来设定适于挤出的流变性能和实现足够的机械稳定性。
但是,这带来了催化活性组分相对于总催化剂的整体降低,因此作为粘结剂比例增加的结果,每单位体积的特定催化活性整体降低。
出于本发明的目的,粘结剂通常是在烧结过程之后赋予最终催化剂以强度和稳定性的组分。粘结剂具体形成了到催化活性组分的烧结桥,或者为这些组分带来了机械互连。
来源于此,本发明的一个目标是使得一种优选的基于沸石的催化剂,尤其是SCR催化剂成为可能,其表现出高的催化活性和优选还可以在可靠的方法中挤出。
该目标根据本发明,通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的用于生产挤出的催化剂,尤其是SCR催化剂的方法来实现。这里,提供待挤出的催化剂组合物,并且挤出来生产催化剂体。为了设定用于挤出所需的流变性能,催化剂组合物包含粘结剂部分,其包含由颗粒组成的至少一种无机粘结剂组分。粘结剂部分在起始态时起初无催化活性,并且处理起始态时无催化活性的这种粘结剂部分的至少一部分来形成催化活性。出于本发明的目的,起始态表示粘结剂组分的粉末态。
这种方法首先基于使用高比例的无机粘结剂来保证最终成形的催化剂体的所需稳定性的理念。使用合适的无机粘结剂组分确保该挤出方法以可靠的方式进行成为可能。
此外,本发明基于这样的理念,即通过依靠合适的处理给予初始无活性的至少一种粘结剂组分以催化活性,来使得催化剂的催化活性足够高,而不管所需要的相对高比例的粘结剂。这种处理优选在粘结剂部分混合入待挤出的催化剂组合物之前进行。这些混合入催化剂组合物中的无机粘结剂组分通常是由个体颗粒组成的粉状矿物材料。在混合入催化剂组合物之前,所以这些粉末颗粒优选经处理来实现初始催化惰性的颗粒的所需催化活化。所以,当术语“颗粒”在下面使用时,表示这样的粉末颗粒。
总之,这使得具有高稳定性和高催化活性的可挤出的催化剂能够以可靠的方法来生产。
在一个有用的实施方案中,除了粘结剂组分之外,将常规的催化活性组分混合入催化剂组合物中。这优选是催化活性的沸石和/或催化活性的分子筛。出于本发明的目的,沸石通常是根据国际沸石协会的结构委员会(IZA-SC)的沸石图谱的沸石。除了常规的Al-Si沸石之外,它们还包括尤其是SAPO和ALPO沸石类型。所以催化剂优选是基于沸石的催化剂。
作为一个替代,使用钛-钒体系或混合氧化物体系,例如基于铈-锆混合氧化物的体系作为催化活性组分。
催化剂组合物的流变性受到单个添加的颗粒的几何形状(即形态)的决定性影响。因此它们优选以适当的方式选择,以使得它们具有适于所需流变性能的形态。
在一个优选的实施方案中,颗粒至少在无催化活性的起始态时具有非沸石骨架结构。
因此颗粒不同于常规的催化活性组分。为此原因,当活性组分混合入催化剂组合物时,它们至少不同于这种活性组分。此外,至少在起始态时,颗粒典型地作为无定形颗粒存在,不同于通常的结晶的常规活性组分。
作为这种偏离活性组分的颗粒结构的结果,首先确保实现流变性能中的所需改进,和同时确保作为粘结剂用于所生产的成形体的机械强度。
在一个优选的实施方案中,颗粒本身具有多孔性。这改进了待净化的废气进入更深体积层的可达性和因此改进了质量转移,其对于所需的高催化活性是有利的。
在一个有用的实施方案中,颗粒的孔宽度大于沸石。具体地,颗粒具有中多孔性或大多孔性,孔宽度>2nm,优选>5nm。出于本发明的目的,术语中多孔性指的是孔宽度(孔直径)是2nm-50nm的孔,和术语大多孔性指的是孔宽度大于50nm。因此粘结剂组分的颗粒在它们的形态方面,尤其是在孔宽度方面,不同于沸石或不同于活性组分。
这里,沸石的孔宽度是沸石的环结构中的最大直径。合适的沸石的骨架结构形成了开放孔或孔通道。它们通过沸石的通常四面体基本构建块的环结构来形成和结合。通常,在小孔(至多8元环)沸石、中孔(至多10元环)沸石、宽孔(至多12元环)沸石和超宽孔沸石(大于12元环)之间存在着明显不同。最大环尺寸目前是24元环,其对应于孔宽度是约1.2nm。合适的催化活性沸石典型地是小孔或中孔沸石,其孔宽度是约0.3-0.7nm。
催化活性通过粘结剂组分的颗粒的中多孔性或大多孔性而整体改进,因为待净化的废气也会经由这种多孔性而渗入挤出的催化剂的催化活性壁的更深层中。因此经由这些宽孔还进行了催化剂有效供给到甚至更深位置的催化活性位置,这样可以利用较大比例的催化活性组合物。在常规催化剂的情况中,即催化反应首先和最先仅在待净化的废气流过的催化剂中的流动通道的直接表面区域上发生。因为粘结剂部分通常均匀分布在催化剂的总体积上,因此粘结剂部分有效形成流动和供给路径,其延伸进入催化剂的体积中,和由此使得渗入沸石的微孔中成为可能。
为了获得粘结剂部分的所需催化活性,第一优选的形式向待涂覆的粘结剂组分的初始催化惰性颗粒提供催化活性层,优选沸石层。因此催化活性的颗粒在这个形式中由催化惰性芯和催化活性层组成。因此具有规定的颗粒形状的各颗粒由催化涂层赋予所需的催化活性,同时保持了颗粒形状。本身已知的方法可以用于形成层,例如催化活性的颗粒尤其是沸石从悬浮液的沉积,或者通过水热结晶的化学渐增(growing-on)。
颗粒典型的粒度范围是从几个μm到几十个μm,例如1-100μm。另一方面,层厚度是其分数,并且尤其是低于平均颗粒直径的20%,优选低于10%,和尤其是0.5μm-10μm。出于本发明的目的,颗粒直径是各颗粒的平均直径。在纵向延伸的棒状颗粒的情况中,颗粒直径是在垂直于纵向的横截面平面内的平均直径。
在一个优选的实施方案中,颗粒至少部分地和优选完全转化成催化活性沸石结构,同时保持它们的颗粒形状。催化活性尤其通过沸石常规的金属离子交换,尤其是用Cu或Fe离子的交换来实现。这种转化的具体优点是保持了粉末颗粒的初始颗粒形状,其对于设定所需的流变性能特别重要。出于本发明的目的,术语颗粒形状具体指的是在单个粒度尺寸范围,即尤其是在μm范围的几何结构,其也可以称作宏观形态。另一方面,在上部测量范围,即例如在几个nm至1μm范围的几何结构也包括于术语颗粒形状中,其得以保持。因此保持了这种颗粒形状,其对于流变性能以及形成供给通道都是关键的。同时,通过这种转化形成了沸石的骨架结构。因此术语转化指的是化学转化,并且保持粘结剂颗粒的(中孔性和大孔性)形态。作为骨架结构,形成沸石典型的四面体晶体结构,尤其是构成SiO4/2-AlO4/2四面体的结构。总之,因此形成具有沸石骨架结构或纳米结构,但是非沸石形态的颗粒。
在有用的实施方案中,为了形成催化活性,通过离子交换将金属离子,尤其是Cu或Fe离子,引入沸石微结构中,来形成催化活性位。
这里同样的,特别有利的是保持颗粒的(中)多孔初始结构,以使得通过保持多孔性,来实现在改进到甚至更深位置的壁区域的供给方面的优点。
转化成沸石原则上是已知的。先决条件是颗粒由含氧化硅和/或含氧化铝的材料组成,其然后在合成中通过添加适于结构形成的另外的组分和在升高的温度和压力转化成所需的沸石微结构。
转化在这里依靠上述水热结晶来进行。在这种转化中,各颗粒通常用作载体辅助的结晶的基底。当使用硅藻土颗粒(硅藻土)时,存在于这种颗粒中的无定形SiO2被用作沸石形成的硅源。颗粒在这种情况中被引入含水的反应混合物中,其包含另外的组分,尤其是铝源和通常一种有机模板或多种有机模板。因此这些另外的组分形成用于所需的网络形成的反应物。然后转化和微结构形成通过水热结晶,在典型地80-200℃的升高的温度和自生压力,在典型的多天例如1-10天的反应时间进行。在水热处理后以此方式获得的结晶材料随后清洗,干燥和在400-800℃的温度煅烧。该煅烧特别用于烧掉有机反应物(模板)。有时候转化可以仅在接近于表面的区域中进行,来形成沸石表面层。作为一个替代,转化进行完全,以使得整个颗粒获得沸石骨架结构。
转化优选形成具有骨架结构MFI(例如ZSM-5)、BEA(例如β)、CHA(菱沸石)、AEI(例如ALPO 18),ERI(例如毛沸石)或FER(例如镁碱沸石)(FER是一种中孔分子筛)的沸石。转化后,沸石优选用铁或铜交换。具体地,转化形成与用于催化活性沸石组分相同的沸石类型。因此这种催化活性沸石组分和粘结剂在这种情况中它们的中孔形态和大孔形态不同。
多孔玻璃、硅胶或氧化铝例如在这种情况中用作粘结剂组分的起始颗粒。还使用粘土矿物和在一个优选的实施方案中使用硅藻土,其特别适于设定催化剂组合物的所需流变性能。如果需要,还使用多个这样的粘结剂组分的混合物作为粘结剂部分。
最终,在另一实施方案中,将柱撑粘土材料(也称作柱撑粘土(PILC))用作粘结剂组分。这种粘土材料通常具有通过无机柱以一定间距相互隔开的二维粘土层。柱例如由氧化钛或氧化铝组成。此外,催化活性腔室优选插入由粘土层之间的无机柱形成的自由空间中,来提供催化活性。为此目的,根据需要插入铁、铜、锰或铈。
在一个有用的实施方案中,粘结剂组分是硅藻土。这特别适于设定所需的流变性能。这适用于具有涂覆的颗粒的形式以及具有已经转化成沸石的颗粒的形式二者。
硅藻土的一个特别的优点是它的高多孔性。实验已经显示硅藻土是特别合适的。这特别适用于转化成沸石。因此形成具有宏观形态的硅藻土和具有合适的中多孔性和大多孔性的沸石,由此实现了到更深位置的催化剂水平的所需可达性。
根据本发明,目标还通过具有权利要求13的特征的催化剂来实现。这尤其是优选已经通过上述方法作为全活性挤出物来生产的SCR催化剂。它具体包含至少一种沸石作为催化活性组分和无机粘结剂部分(其包括已经至少部分地催化活化的无机粘结剂组分)。
已经结合方法,尤其是涉及催化剂的组成而描述的优点和优选的实施方案,和尤其是粘结剂部分和粘结剂组分的实施方案,也可以类似地应用于催化剂。
催化剂尤其是一种挤出的(蜂窝)催化剂。在替代的实施方案中,催化剂配置为板状催化剂、载体涂层或挤出的粒料(松散材料)。形成实际催化剂的催化活性催化剂组合物在最终的状态中在每种情况中具有还对方法进行了描述的组成。
无机粘结剂部分以10和80重量%和尤其是15-50重量%使用,在每种情况中基于最终的烧结催化剂的总重量计。因此在边界区域中,仅通过催化活化的粘结剂组分形成催化活性。
高质量比例的粘结剂组分使得仅通过随后对之前无活性的粘结剂部分活化来同时确保在给定体积时催化剂整体高的总活性成为可能。因此粘结剂部分在它的中孔形态或大孔形态方面根本不同于沸石活性催化剂组分。
它可用于待催化活化的总无机粘结剂部分的大部分,优选大于80%。具体地,催化活化整个无机粘结剂部分。这里,使用各种催化活化的粘结剂组分的组合是优选的。
总之,通过适当选择粘结剂组分而实现了诸多优点。
这里,特别地,可以看到待净化的废气到沸石的催化活性腔室的改进的通路。结果,实现待净化的废气进入催化剂体积的更高的扩散率,这对催化效率整体改进和因此充分利用相对昂贵的沸石催化材料。粘结剂部分通常均匀分布在催化剂中。通常μm尺寸的沸石晶体更好地用于催化反应。这也可以用于产生催化剂的更小构建空间,同时保持相同的总催化活性,其对于机动车辆领域尤其重要。
最后,催化剂的这些改进的性能也受到以可靠的方法来生产挤出的全活性体的基本能力的关键性支持。
原则上可以仅使用无催化活性的多孔无机粘结剂组分例如合适的粘土矿物、硅藻土和/或柱撑粘土矿物(PILC)作为无机粘结剂组分。甚至粘结剂部分没有催化活性时,作为引入供给通道的结果,也获得了具有改进的催化活性的催化剂。依靠无机粘结剂也实现了良好的挤出能力和高机械稳定性。保留提交分案申请的权利,涉及到如这里所述的但是没有催化活性的这样的无机粘结剂组分用于催化剂,尤其是SCR催化剂的用途,和生产方法。
除了催化活化的粘结剂部分之外,催化剂优选包含至少一种催化活性组分。对于催化剂来说,原则上各种催化剂体系是已知的。出于本发明的目的,催化剂体系是包含至少一种对催化活性有部分贡献的催化活性组分的组分体系。
在一个优选的第一形式中,将结晶分子筛用作至少一种催化活性组分。这优选以20-80重量%的比例存在。
出于本发明的目的,结晶分子筛具体是窄含义的沸石,即结晶铝硅酸盐。另外,结晶分子筛还包括另外的分子筛,其不是铝硅酸盐,但是具有根据国际沸石协会的结构委员会(IZA-SC)的沸石图谱的沸石骨架结构。这尤其适用于硅铝磷酸盐(SAPO)或铝磷酸盐(ALPO),其同样列于所述的沸石图谱中。
作为催化活性组分,这里可以具体使用具有骨架结构CHA的分子筛,尤其是菱沸石、AEI,尤其是ALPO 18或及其铝硅酸盐形式,例如SSZ-39、ERI、MFI、BEA、FAU、AFX或FER(这里所用的命名是基于沸石图谱中所用的命名)。
在具有根据沸石图谱的骨架结构的结晶分子筛中,通常在小孔、中孔和大孔结晶分子筛之间存在着明显不同。小孔分子筛是最大孔开口具有包含8个四面体原子结构的环结构的筛。中孔和大孔分子筛是最大孔开口通过具有不多于10个(中孔)或不多于12个(大孔)四面体排列的原子结构的环的环开口形成的分子筛。所述的骨架结构BEA是大孔骨架结构,MFI是中孔结构,和CHA是小孔结构。所述的FAU骨架结构同样是大孔结构,优选Y-沸石。AEI是小孔骨架结构,和这里使用具有名称SSZ-39的沸石是优选的。FER是中孔骨架结构,和使用镁碱沸石或ZSM-35作为材料是优选的。ERI是小孔结构,和使用毛沸石作为材料是优选的。AFX是小孔骨架结构,和使用SSZ-16作为材料是优选的。骨架结构BEA、MFI和FAU(这里尤其是沸石-Y)优选用作烃阱。全部所述的骨架结构和材料可以用作SCR催化剂;它们依靠金属,尤其是用铜和/或铁和/或铈离子交换来适当活化,优选用铜或铁活化。
通常包含金属活化剂(促进剂)对分子筛是有用的。这尤其是铜、铁或铈或其混合物。分子筛尤其是用这样的金属离子交换的分子筛,尤其是沸石。作为金属离子引入到骨架结构中的离子交换的分子筛的一个替代,这些金属活化剂也可以不引入到骨架结构中,和因此有效地作为“游离”金属或金属化合物(例如金属氧化物)而存在于分子筛的单个通道中,例如作为用含有该化合物的溶液浸渍分子筛的结果。离子交换的金属和游离金属化合物在分子筛中的组合也是可能的。
作为结晶分子筛的一个替代,原则上还可以使用具有催化活性组分的另一催化剂体系。催化剂在这种情况中优选具有基于贱金属的催化的非沸石体系。
在第一实施方案中,催化剂在这种情况中是基于钛-钒的催化剂,其具有钒作为催化活性组分。
总之,不同的钛-钒体系被用于不同的实施方案。具体地,使用具有二氧化钛(TiO2)和五氧化二钒(V2O5)的混合物的氧化体系。作为一个选项,钛-钒体系包含钒-铁化合物作为催化活性组分,尤其是包含钒酸铁(FeVO4)和/或钒酸铁铝(Fe0.8Al0.2VO4)。这样的安排公开在WO2014/027207A1中(其全部内容在此通过参考引入)。
氧化体系具体是钛-钒-钨体系、钛-钒-钨-硅体系、钛-钒-硅体系。在包含钒-铁化合物的第二组的情况中,它们是钛-钒-钨-铁体系、钛-钒-钨-硅-铁体系或钛-钒-硅-铁体系。
钛/钒重量比(Ti/V)有用地是35-90。在氧化的钛-钒体系的情况中,二氧化钛与五氧化二钒的重量比(TiO2/V2O5)典型地是20-60。
钛-钒体系通常以70-90重量%的重量比率存在,基于最终的催化剂计。其余的10-30重量%由粘结剂组分和在需要时的填料组分或纤维构成。
在基于贱金属的催化体系的第二形式中,将氧化钨-氧化铈体系或稳定化的氧化钨-氧化铈体系(WO3/CeO2)用于催化体系。
稳定化的钨-铈体系具体地是含有Ce-锆混合氧化物的锆稳定化的体系。过渡金属,尤其是铁,优选分布在这样的载体材料中。所用的过渡金属具体地选自Cr、Ce、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、W和Cu,尤其是选自Fe、W、Ce和Cu。
催化体系具体是Fe-W/CeO2体系或Fe-W/CeZrO2体系,尤其是如涉及WO2009/001131的图3所述,其在此完全通过参考引入。过渡金属在催化剂中的比例优选是0.5-20重量%,基于催化剂的总重量计。
此处所述的各种催化体系根据需要单个使用,或者组合使用。具体地,在此使用基于钛-钒的体系和结晶分子筛的混合物。具体地,这样的混合催化剂包含作为第一组分的铝硅酸盐或硅酸铁分子筛,其任选地为H+形式或已经用一种或多种过渡金属,尤其是用铁进行离子交换。第二组分是在金属氧化物载体上的氧化钒,该载体的金属选自铝、钛、锆、铈、硅及其组合。第二组分的载体材料尤其是氧化钛。第一组分具体是铁交换的MFI、BEA或FER铝硅酸盐分子筛(沸石)。在这个混合物中,第一组分与第二组分的比率是5:95至约40:60。
催化剂具体是挤出的催化剂,优选蜂窝催化剂。催化剂体在一个实施方案中用催化载体涂层涂覆,其与挤出体相同或不同。这样的涂层例如作为如DE102012213639A1(其全部内容在此通过参考引入)所公开的载体涂层来施用。这尤其是挤出的SCR蜂窝催化剂。在一个替代的实施方案中,没有使用涂层。
在一个优选的实施方案中,挤出的催化剂,尤其是挤出的蜂窝催化剂作为壁流式过滤器来配置,其中废气在运行过程中流过多孔壁。与之相反,流过式整料的催化剂体(其同样经常配置为陶瓷蜂窝催化剂)具有在纵向上排列的废气流动通道。壁流式过滤器的形成依靠合适设定的多孔性来进行。这样的壁流式过滤器描述在例如DE102011010106A1(其全部内容在此通过参考引入)中。
催化剂优选配置为SCR催化剂,因此具有对于所需的DeNOx反应的催化活性。
但是,此处所述的催化活化的粘结剂组分的概念不限于用于SCR催化剂。这种概念原则上适于全部类型的催化剂来改进催化活性。
具体地,催化剂例如是烃阱,尤其是没有另外的催化涂层。这样的催化剂也称作冷启动催化剂,因为由于它们存储烃的能力,它们控制了内燃机启动阶段过程中废气中HC的比率。这样的冷启动催化剂描述在例如WO2012/166868A1(其全部内容在此通过参考引入)中。这样的催化剂具体地配置为包含结晶分子筛的挤出的蜂窝催化剂,尤其是配置为这样的分子筛与贵金属尤其是钯(Pd)的混合物。贵金属也可以与贱金属一起添加到沸石。研究已经显示,钯浸渍的结晶分子筛,尤其是没有铁时,同样表现出冷启动催化剂所需的性能。这样的冷启动催化剂例如表现出良好的NOx存储和转化能力以及在低温对于N2的高选择性,在低温良好的烃存储能力和转化率,和改进的一氧化碳氧化活性。
作为这些配置为烃阱的优选未涂覆的挤出的催化剂的替代,催化剂配置为能够充当烃阱的涂覆的、挤出的蜂窝催化剂。同样地,催化剂优选包含结晶分子筛,优选例如为H+形式和尤其是“未金属化的”,即没有金属活化剂。可选地,结晶分子筛包含钯和/或银。这样的挤出的蜂窝体在这种实施方案中具有催化活化涂层,尤其是来形成柴油氧化催化剂、三元催化剂,或者它转化成壁流式过滤器,其随后涂覆有氧化催化剂来将它以类似于柴油氧化催化剂的方式转化成催化型烟灰过滤器(CSF)。三元催化剂的一个例子可以在WO2011/092517A1(其全部内容在此通过参考引入)中找到,挤出的柴油氧化催化剂和挤出的催化型烟灰过滤器的一个例子例如可以在WO2011/092519(其全部内容在此通过参考引入)中找到。
下面借助于附图来说明本发明的实施方案。在附图中:
图1显示了用于说明生产方法的一个简化的示意图,
图2显示了用于解释粘结剂组分的颗粒生产的示意图,其中颗粒具有催化活性层,
图3显示了用于说明粘结剂组分的颗粒生产的示意图,其中颗粒转化成沸石,和
图4显示了用于解释通过引入催化活性腔室,来催化活化作为粘结剂组分的在起始态时无活性的柱撑粘土矿物的示意图。
根据图1,提供一种挤出方法来生产催化剂2。初始时提供了一种催化剂组合物4,其包含作为主组分的催化活性沸石部分,其具有沸石Z作为催化活性组分,无机粘结剂部分B和另外通常一定比例的有机粘结剂O或可能另外的添加剂。沸石部分和无机粘结剂部分B作为起始粉末与有机粘结剂部分O和任选地另外的组分均匀混合,来产生可挤出的催化剂组合物4。用于随后挤出的催化剂组合物4的流变性经由粘结剂部分B、O适当设定,以使得催化剂组合物4具有适于挤出工具的塑性能力。
催化剂体6随后通过挤出这种催化剂组合物4作为全活性挤出物来生产,并且这种催化剂体6首先干燥和随后在炉8中烧结,以使得结束时陶瓷催化剂2已经形成为挤出的全活性催化剂。在该例子中,这是具有例如圆柱形基本几何形状的蜂窝催化剂。沸石部分优选由铁交换的或铜交换的沸石Z,尤其是ZSM-5、β或菱沸石类型组成。沸石部分还可以由这样的沸石Z的混合物组成。
粘结剂部分B优选是一种在初始态时无催化活性的粉末,并且由个体颗粒10尤其是硅藻土组成。这些颗粒10依靠预处理来催化活化,在预处理过程中它们保持了它们的形态。颗粒10优选是多孔颗粒。颗粒10整体上具有孔宽度p(平均孔直径)典型地>5nm的中多孔性。硅藻土尤其是用作这些颗粒10的起始材料。颗粒10通常的(平均)颗粒直径d是几个μm到几十个μm。
在图2所示的第一实施方案中,颗粒10涂覆有催化活性层12和以这种方式来催化活化。层12尤其是沸石层。
在第二选项中,如图3所示,依靠本身已知的合适的处理将颗粒10转化成沸石颗粒14,并且保持了它们的一般形态,即尤其是保持了它们的中多孔性。这里,颗粒10的微结构转化成由氧化硅/氧化铝四面体组成的四面体结构,其典型地是沸石。同时,保持了颗粒10的中孔结构或大孔结构以及它们的中多孔性。
在根据图4的第三实施方案中,将柱撑粘土矿物(柱撑粘土)用于粘结剂部分B。这些柱撑粘土矿物由通过柱16来保持彼此一定间距的粘土层18组成。催化活性位20插入到这些无催化活性的结构中的粘土层18之间的自由空间中。
因此颗粒10在添加到和混合入催化剂组合物4之前进行了处理和因而进行了催化活化。总粘结剂部分B是优选的,即全部无机起始粉末以这种方式催化处理。作为一个选项,仅处理了部分。还可以使用不同的无机粘结剂组分,无催化活性的和催化活化的二者的混合物,如作为例子的图2-4所示。还可以将不同的起始材料,例如不同的粘土矿物彼此混合。粘结剂组分至少基本上均匀地分布在最终的催化剂2中。
最终的催化剂2优选具有这样的组成,其由50-80重量%的催化活性沸石和20-50重量%的无机粘结剂部分B组成,在每种情况中基于最终形态中烧结的催化剂2的总质量计。另外的组分例如另外的添加剂等也可以存在。它们的总比例不大于5重量%。挥发性有机粘结剂部分O的比例典型地是相对于其几个重量百分比。
附图标记列表
2 催化剂
4 催化剂组合物
6 催化剂体
8 炉
10 颗粒
12 层
14 沸石颗粒
16 柱
18 粘土层
20 位
Z 沸石
B 无机粘结剂部分
O 有机粘结剂部分
Claims (23)
1.生产挤出的催化剂(2)的方法,其中将催化剂组合物(4)挤出来生产催化剂体(6),其中为了设定该催化剂组合物(4)的所需流变性能,该催化剂组合物(4)包含无机粘结剂部分(B),该无机粘结剂部分(B)在起始态时无催化活性,和包含由单个颗粒(10)组成的至少一种无机粘结剂组分,并且该无机粘结剂部分(B)的至少一部分已经处理来形成催化活性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中除了该粘结剂部分(B)之外,将催化活性组分(Z)混合入该催化剂组合物(4)中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中该催化活性组分选自沸石(Z)和分子筛。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分的颗粒(10)在无催化活性的起始态时不具有沸石骨架结构。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分的颗粒(10)具有多孔结构。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中该颗粒(10)的孔宽度(p)大于沸石(Z)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分的颗粒(10)涂覆有催化活性层(12),尤其是涂覆有沸石层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中该催化活性层(12)的层厚度小于该颗粒(10)的颗粒直径(d)的20%,和尤其是0.5μm-10μm。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分的颗粒(10)以它们至少部分地具有沸石骨架结构的方式转化,同时保持它们的颗粒形状。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分是柱撑粘土矿物,其具有依靠无机柱(16)隔开的粘土层(18)。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分是粘土矿物。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分是硅藻土、硅胶或多孔玻璃。
13.催化剂(4),其任选地通过根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法来生产,该催化剂(4)具有包含至少一种无机粘结剂组分的无机粘结剂部分(B),其中该无机粘结剂部分(B)的至少一部分已经催化活化。
14.根据权利要求13所述的催化剂,其中该无机粘结剂部分(B)是10-80重量%,尤其是15-50重量%。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的催化剂,其中该无机粘结剂组分具有颗粒(10),该颗粒(10)具有催化活性层(12)。
16.根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的催化剂,其中该至少一种无机粘结剂组分具有颗粒(10),该颗粒(10)已经至少部分地转化成沸石,同时保持它们的颗粒形状。
17.根据权利要求13-16中任一项所述的催化剂,其包含结晶分子筛,该结晶分子筛优选是铝硅酸盐沸石,和/或具有MFI、BEA、CHA、AEI、FAU、AFX或ERI骨架结构作为催化活性组分(Z)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的催化剂,其中该分子筛含有金属活化剂和尤其是离子交换的沸石。
19.根据权利要求13-18中任一项所述的催化剂,其包含基于贱金属作为催化活性组分(Z)的催化体系。
20.根据权利要求19所述的催化剂,其中使用具有钒作为催化活性组分(V)的钛-钒体系。
21.根据权利要求19所述的催化剂,其中使用基于过渡金属,尤其是WO3/CeO2体系或稳定化的WO3/CeO2体系的催化体系。
22.根据权利要求13-21中任一项所述的催化剂,其配置为挤出的催化剂,尤其是蜂窝催化剂。
23.根据权利要求13-21中任一项所述的催化剂,其配置为壁流式过滤器。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014205760.4 | 2014-03-27 | ||
DE102014205760.4A DE102014205760A1 (de) | 2014-03-27 | 2014-03-27 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Katalysator sowie Katalysator |
PCT/GB2015/050951 WO2015145181A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | Process for producing a catalyst and catalyst as such |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106457143A true CN106457143A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
CN106457143B CN106457143B (zh) | 2020-04-24 |
Family
ID=52815022
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580022604.9A Active CN106457143B (zh) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | 生产催化剂的方法和催化剂本身 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10226765B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3122457B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2017509486A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20160139012A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106457143B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112016022174B1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102014205760A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2527884B (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2712077C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015145181A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113557089A (zh) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-10-26 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于增强催化剂载体涂料粘附性的粘合剂组合物 |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2522435B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2018-10-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalytic extruded solid honeycomb body |
DE102014205783A1 (de) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Katalysator sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Katalysator |
JP2017170301A (ja) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | イビデン株式会社 | ハニカム構造体及びハニカム構造体の製造方法 |
JP2017170299A (ja) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | イビデン株式会社 | ハニカム構造体の製造方法 |
JP2017170300A (ja) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | イビデン株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
GB2554859A (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-18 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx adsorber catalyst |
GB2557673A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-27 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx adsorber catalyst |
GB2560990A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-03 | Johnson Matthey Catalysts Germany Gmbh | Composite material |
US11179707B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2021-11-23 | Johnson Matthey Catalysts (Germany) Gmbh | Composite material |
WO2018185666A1 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2018-10-11 | Basf Corporation | Integrated emissions control system |
US11125133B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-09-21 | Basf Corporation | Hydrogen-assisted integrated emission control system |
CN110662890A (zh) | 2017-04-04 | 2020-01-07 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于NOx排放控制的氨生成系统 |
CN110709591A (zh) | 2017-04-04 | 2020-01-17 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于催化性污染治理的氢气还原剂 |
KR102470847B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-04 | 2022-11-25 | 바스프 코포레이션 | 차량 내장식 암모니아 및 수소 생성 |
CN110678632B (zh) | 2017-04-04 | 2022-10-04 | 巴斯夫公司 | 氢在车上产生和在排气料流中的使用 |
CN109589972A (zh) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-09 | 江苏瑞丰科技实业有限公司 | 一种油烟烟气净化处理材料 |
DE102018128161A1 (de) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Partikelfilter sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Partikelfilters |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4157375A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-06-05 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Conversion of nitrogen oxides |
CN1285770A (zh) * | 1997-12-03 | 2001-02-28 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 由mfi结构类型的沸石粘合的沸石的制备方法及其用途 |
EP1103525A1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-30 | Tosoh Corporation | High purity, low silica X-type zeolite binderless shaped product and gas separation method employing it |
US20020041845A1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2002-04-11 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., Japan Corporation | Molding of binderless zeolite, method for production thereof, and uses thereof |
CN1379698A (zh) * | 1999-05-05 | 2002-11-13 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 含有至少三种不同沸石的沸石粘合的催化剂及其烃类转化应用 |
CN1953807A (zh) * | 2004-03-17 | 2007-04-25 | Gm全球科技运作股份有限公司 | 改进机动车辆中NOx还原效率的催化剂 |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1110829A (en) | 1978-03-30 | 1981-10-20 | Gerald M. Woltermann | Conversion of nitrogen oxides |
EP0493518B1 (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1995-11-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Zeolite aggregates and catalysts |
JP4827289B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-14 | 2011-11-30 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Mel型バインダーレスゼオライト成型体、その製造方法およびその用途 |
JP4830185B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2011-12-07 | 東ソー株式会社 | 高純度低シリカx型ゼオライトバインダレス成形体およびそれを使用した気体分離方法 |
US7682502B2 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2010-03-23 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process to hydrogenate aromatics present in lube oil boiling range feedstreams |
US7538065B2 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2009-05-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Noble metal-containing catalyst containing a specific ratio of silica to aluminum in the framework |
DE102007007325A1 (de) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-21 | Süd-Chemie AG | Katalysator, enthaltend einen Zeolithen und einen Binder, der eine Niob oder Tantal enthaltende saure Verbindung umfasst |
CA2939726C (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2019-06-18 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Transition metal/zeolite scr catalysts |
GB2450484A (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Non-Zeolite base metal catalyst |
KR101447945B1 (ko) | 2008-01-21 | 2014-10-08 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 제올라이트를 이용한 질소산화물 저감용 하니컴형 촉매의제조방법 |
WO2009141895A1 (ja) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-26 | イビデン株式会社 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
RU2505355C1 (ru) | 2010-02-01 | 2014-01-27 | Джонсон Мэтти Плс | Окислительный катализатор |
GB2511178B (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2014-11-12 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx absorber catalysts |
JP5419769B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2014-02-19 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ゼオライト構造体及びその製造方法 |
JP5580090B2 (ja) | 2010-03-25 | 2014-08-27 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ゼオライト構造体及びその製造方法 |
US20120308439A1 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Cold start catalyst and its use in exhaust systems |
GB2493449B (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2014-01-15 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Extruded honeycomb catalyst |
EP2745933B1 (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2019-05-01 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Honeycomb structure, method for manufacturing the same, exhaust gas purifying apparatus and silicoaluminophosphate particles |
US9242233B2 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2016-01-26 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalyst for light naphtha aromatization |
JP6476115B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-17 | 2019-02-27 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーJohnson Matthey Public Limited Company | ゼオライトで活性化されるV/TiW触媒 |
GB2522435B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2018-10-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalytic extruded solid honeycomb body |
DE102014205783A1 (de) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Katalysator sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Katalysator |
-
2014
- 2014-03-27 DE DE102014205760.4A patent/DE102014205760A1/de active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-03-27 US US15/129,645 patent/US10226765B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-27 EP EP15714909.7A patent/EP3122457B1/en active Active
- 2015-03-27 WO PCT/GB2015/050951 patent/WO2015145181A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-03-27 RU RU2016141916A patent/RU2712077C2/ru active
- 2015-03-27 GB GB1505348.1A patent/GB2527884B/en active Active
- 2015-03-27 CN CN201580022604.9A patent/CN106457143B/zh active Active
- 2015-03-27 BR BR112016022174-5A patent/BR112016022174B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-03-27 KR KR1020167029975A patent/KR20160139012A/ko unknown
- 2015-03-27 JP JP2017501522A patent/JP2017509486A/ja active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-03-11 US US16/298,253 patent/US11198116B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4157375A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-06-05 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Conversion of nitrogen oxides |
CN1285770A (zh) * | 1997-12-03 | 2001-02-28 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 由mfi结构类型的沸石粘合的沸石的制备方法及其用途 |
CN1379698A (zh) * | 1999-05-05 | 2002-11-13 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 含有至少三种不同沸石的沸石粘合的催化剂及其烃类转化应用 |
US20020041845A1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2002-04-11 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., Japan Corporation | Molding of binderless zeolite, method for production thereof, and uses thereof |
EP1103525A1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-30 | Tosoh Corporation | High purity, low silica X-type zeolite binderless shaped product and gas separation method employing it |
CN1953807A (zh) * | 2004-03-17 | 2007-04-25 | Gm全球科技运作股份有限公司 | 改进机动车辆中NOx还原效率的催化剂 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113557089A (zh) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-10-26 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于增强催化剂载体涂料粘附性的粘合剂组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11198116B2 (en) | 2021-12-14 |
JP2017509486A (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
US20190201885A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
GB2527884B (en) | 2018-05-30 |
EP3122457A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
BR112016022174B1 (pt) | 2022-02-01 |
RU2712077C2 (ru) | 2020-01-27 |
KR20160139012A (ko) | 2016-12-06 |
CN106457143B (zh) | 2020-04-24 |
DE102014205760A1 (de) | 2015-10-01 |
RU2016141916A3 (zh) | 2018-09-24 |
BR112016022174A2 (zh) | 2017-08-15 |
US10226765B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
WO2015145181A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
GB201505348D0 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
GB2527884A (en) | 2016-01-06 |
EP3122457B1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
RU2016141916A (ru) | 2018-04-27 |
US20170144143A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11198116B2 (en) | Process for producing a catalyst and catalyst as such | |
JP6808007B2 (ja) | 触媒を製造するための方法及び触媒物品 | |
CN109195701B (zh) | 用于氧化氨的催化剂 | |
CN106457144A (zh) | 用于还原氮氧化物的scr方法和生产用于该方法的催化剂的方法 | |
CN105980050A (zh) | 催化转化剂 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |