CN106435913A - 一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺 Download PDF

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CN106435913A
CN106435913A CN201610990359.7A CN201610990359A CN106435913A CN 106435913 A CN106435913 A CN 106435913A CN 201610990359 A CN201610990359 A CN 201610990359A CN 106435913 A CN106435913 A CN 106435913A
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warp
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瞿建新
龚蕴玉
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Nantong Textile Vocational Technology College
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:松式络筒→筒染→倒筒→分批整经→浆纱→穿结经→织造工艺→后整理。本发明中经纱选用40S棉纱,棉织物手感柔软,具有良好的透气性和吸湿性。纬纱选用涤纶及其弹力包覆纱:涤纶做成的织物具有手感滑爽,色泽好,保形性好的性能。采用两种原料的纱线交织,既提高了棉织物的抗皱性,也提高了涤纶面料的吸湿性与透气性,获得较佳的织物性能与外观风格。

Description

一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺
技术领域
本发明属于织物纺织领域,具体涉及一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺。
背景技术
传统的管状织物都是由表、里层织物交替织造,由同一根纬纱,在织机的两侧,交替引纬织制而成的,标致性产品就是水龙带,一般都要用有梭织机织造。现代无梭织机都是单侧引纬,织成的管状织物,已经不是传统意义上的管状织物,而是在织物表面、局部地区,形成类似于管状的织物,其余部分还是普通织物。
经向局部管状织物多数是采用:普通纬:弹力纬为3-4:1,或者是普通纬:弹力纬为1:1排列,织物下机后,由于边撑的作用力消失,织物的反面。在弹力纱的作用下,纬浮长产生收缩,织物正面凸起,形成管状织物。
管状织物织制时,由于地经和管经的交织次数不同,从而引起经纱的织缩上的差异,克服织缩差异的常用方法是双轴织造,采用双轴织造,需要安装副轴架,同时也增加了挡车的操作的难度。
发明内容
发明目的:为了解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺,主要在整经、织造工序采取措施,尽量减小织缩的差异对织造的影响,通过整经时,地经和管经采用不同的整经张力,即增大管经的张力,使管经产生适度的伸长,织造时产生回缩,减小管经和地经的织缩差异,同时织造工艺采用短梭口、中后梁、早开口、晚引纬等工艺,减少两种经纱经织缩的差异对织造的影响。
技术方案:一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺,包括如下步骤:松式络筒→筒染→倒筒→分批整经→浆纱→穿结经→织造工艺→后整理;具体工艺如下:
(1)松式络筒:
络筒的机型为GA015络筒机,管纱喂入,络筒速度为600m/min;张力垫圈的重量为7.4g,卷绕成松筒,以方便染料的渗入;为提高织物的品质,接头采用手持式空气捻接器接头;
(2)筒染:
a.经纱40S棉纱,颜色为雪青和加白两种,采用活性染料染色;
40S雪青纱染色工艺:活性黄BES 0.62%;活性红BES 1.35%;活性蓝BET 2.52%;元明粉40g/L;纯碱20g/L;浴比1:10;温度60℃;时间40min;
40S加白棉纱染色工艺:27%双氧水8g/L;烧碱4g/L;增白剂4BK 0.42%;精练剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度98℃;时间30min;
后处理工艺:活性染料纱线的后处理主要包括酸洗、水洗和皂煮,其工艺如下:酸洗→水洗→皂煮→热水洗→冷水洗→脱水→干燥;其中,酸洗:醋酸为1g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min;皂洗:皂洗剂为1g/L,温度为98℃,时间为10min;脱水:采用离心脱水机脱水;干燥:采用射频烘干机干燥;
b.涤纶及其氨纶包芯纱,采用扩散性好的分散性染料染色;
雪青长丝染色:分散红3B 1.05%;分散黄4GB 0.51%;分散蓝2BLN 2.14%;醋酸1g/L;分散剂1g/L;螯合剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度125℃;时间30min;
涤纶加白长丝染色:精练剂3g/L;纯碱4g/L;螯合剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度98℃;时间20min;
后处理工艺:分散染料纱线的后处理主要包括水洗和还原清洗,其工艺如下:水洗→还原清洗→热水洗→冷水洗→脱水→干燥;其中,还原清洗:烧碱2g/L,保险粉4g/L,温度为85℃,时间为15min;脱水:采用离心脱水机脱水;干燥:采用射频烘干机干燥;
具体操作步骤如下:40℃温水化解分散染料→温度升至80℃时将纱线吊入缸→40min温度升至125℃→保温染色30min→降温排压排气到90℃以下→用软水洗涤两次→还原清洗10min→再用软水洗涤两次→用硅油在30-40℃处理20min→将纱线吊出缸脱水干燥;
(3)倒筒:
络筒的机型为GA015络筒机,络筒速度为600m/min,张力垫圈重量为11g,采用手持式空气捻接器接头;
(4)分批整经:
选用KY6021型分批整经机,采用集体换筒,分段配置张力,地经纱整经时,张力垫圈的重量,前区为8g,中区为7g,后区为6g,边10g;管经纱整经时,张力垫圈的重量,前区为11g,中区为10g,后区为9g;整经的线速度为450m/min,选用较低的整经速度,以降低整经张力,减少经纱断头率;整经时,管经纱的张力大于地经纱的张力,使得管经纱产生适度伸长,织造时回复程度大于地经纱,以弥补由于交织次数少,产生与地经纱织缩之间的差异;
整经配轴:地经纱:雪青2114根,经4只轴,配轴为548*2+549*2;加白1219根,经2只轴,配轴为609×1+610×1;管经纱:管经加白纱1663根,经3只轴,配轴为554×2+555×1;管经雪青纱858根,经2轴,轴数:429×2;
(5)浆纱:
选用GA308型双浆槽浆纱机,浆料配方为:变性淀粉70kg,AS-02 30kg,调浆体积860L,粘度9-10S,上浆率10%,前压浆辊压力16kN,后压浆辊压力为12kN,浆纱速度50m/min,浆槽温度98°,浆纱回潮率为7%;
纱线为40S单纱,浆纱时既要重视增强,也要重视被覆,因而压浆力采用前重后轻的压浆工艺,前压浆辊压力16kN,能够获得较好的浸透,以达到增强的效果,后压浆辊压力12kN,能得到较好的被覆,以获得较好的耐磨性能;
管经纱经轴的退绕张力,要大于地经纱的退绕张力,比地经纱大10%左右,由浆纱机挡车工调节,保持管经纱的伸长大于地经纱,以弥补单轴织造时,管经纱和地经纱的织缩差异;
落轴时在地经纱各管经纱之间也要放一条分绞线,地经纱在上层,管经纱在下层,方便穿综工穿综;
银丝不参与上浆,在并轴时按其与其他色纱在色经排列循环中均匀的分布在筘齿中,用绞纱将银丝部分隔开,以便穿综;
(6)穿结经:
穿综采用分区穿综,布边穿在1-2页综,地经纱:加白纱根数1219根,雪青纱2114根,用于织制地组织,组织为平纹,共计3333根,平纹组织经纱根数多,交织点多,穿在前区,使用1-6页综;花经纱:加白纱1663根,雪青纱858根,用于织制管状组织,共计2521根,使用4页综,管经纱穿在7-10页综,银丝66根,用1页综,共计用11页综进行制织;各页综上综丝数为:第1页综:平纹412根,第2页综:平纹546根,第3页综:545根,第4~6页综:610根,第7页综:664根,第8页综:663很,第9-10页综:597根,第11页综:银丝66根,边组织为4入,地组织为2入;
(7)织造工艺:
机型的选择:使用GA747织机,织制本织物时,纬纱中有一半弹力纱,弹力纱织制时,最好选用剑杆织机织制,因为剑杆织机属于积极引纬,剑头对纬纱的控制能力很强,能有效防止纬纱退捻、收缩,对织制纬弹织物特别有利,经向管状物织制时,管经张力比较小,梭口不易清晰,不易用高速织机织制,选择GA747织机,对梭口不易清晰的织物有利;
边纱根数:布边根数为40*2根纱,增加了布边根数,防止织物卷边;
废边纱的根数:GA747织机,左右两边都有废边纱,废边纱常用的根数为12-16根,本织物织制时,左边废边纱使用12根废边,右边废边纱20根。原因是:由于纬纱采用了大量的弹力包覆丝,很容易产生回缩,引起右边纬缩疵点,因而增加右边废边纱根数,增强对纬纱的夹持力,防止弹力纬纱回缩,增加废边纱根数,同时还能起到防止布边卷边的作用;
增大废边纱与地经纱的间距:左边废边纱与地经纱的间距不变,增大右边废边纱到地经纱的距离,由2-3cm,增加到4cm,增大废边纱的间距后,即使少量的弹力纱未能被废边纱夹牢而产生回缩,但由于布边与绞边之间距离大,弹力纱也不容易缩进布边,导致产生纬缩疵点;
退剑时间:非弹力纬纱织制时,剑头退出梭口时,纬纱被经纱夹住,同时接纬剑释放纬纱,本织物织制时,将退剑时间控制在比开口时间晚5-10度,原因是:经纱刚处于综平位置时,经纱对纬纱的夹持力还不够大,此时释放纬纱,普通纱能被经纱夹住,由于纬纱弹力大,产生回缩的力量大,经纱夹不住纬纱,形成边纬缩疵点,退剑时间推迟5-10度后,纬纱被释放时,经纱对纬纱的夹持力大增,纬纱就不会产生纬缩疵点;退剑时间比开口时间最多只能晚10度,如果退剑时间过晚,纬纱已经被经纱夹牢,接纬剑强行带着纬纱,向外运动,在距布边10cm左右的位置,纬纱会被拉断,形成疵点;
纬纱释放长度:非弹性织物织制时,纬纱释放长度在2-3cm,织制纬向弹力织物时,纬纱释放长度增加到4cm,防止纬缩产生;
短梭口:织制时,将停经架移至最内侧,缩短梭口后部长度,减少了经纱的下沉;
早开口:GA747织机,常用的开口时间为295度,经管织物织制时,将开口时间确定为280度,由于管经交织次数少,管经张力小,梭口不易清晰,采用早开口,有利于梭口清晰;
晚引纬:确定引纬时间为80度,GA747织机,常用的进剑时间为75度,经管织物织制时,由于管经纱梭口不易的清晰,采用晚引纬工艺,使得送纬剑进梭口时有效高度大,能有效地减少星跳一类的疵点产生;
中后梁:经管织物织制时,采用中后梁,以减少管经纱的下沉,平纹织物织制时,常用后梁高度为70mm,管经织物织制时,后梁高度控制在100mm,后梁也不易再低,后梁低能消除管经的下沉,但会影响织物的外观,使织物不丰满;
上机张力:织机张力重锤杆上,各配置一只5kg的张力重锤,张力偏大控制,以增加地经纱的张力,减少管纱的下沉。
作为优化:织物地组织为平纹织物,由普通涤纶长丝和弹力包覆丝,按照1:1的比例交织;在经管处,管状表面的组织仍然为平纹,用普通涤纶长丝和管经纱交织,弹力包覆丝与管经不交织,在织物的反面形成纬浮长,当织物失去边撑的支撑作用后,织物反面的纬向浮长线,产生横向拉力,使织物反面收缩,织物正面凸起形成管状。
作为优化:经纱为40S纯棉纱,有五种:A:表示雪青,B表示加白,A、B为地经纱,C表示银丝,D表示管状处加白纱,E表示管状处雪青纱,C、D、E形成管经纱;经纱排列顺序为:9B,2A,6B,13D,2B,15A,6E,1C,6E,15A,1E,12D,一花共计88根,其中,A纱32根,B纱17根,C纱1根,D纱25根,E纱13根。
作为优化:纬纱为:75D涤纶+75D/40D氨纶包覆丝,弹力丝与非弹力丝1:1排列,颜色有两种,A表示75D的加白长丝,B表示75D的雪青长丝,C表示75D/40D的加白包覆长丝,D表示75D/40D雪青包覆长丝,色纬排列为:(1B,1D)*7,1B,1C,1A,1D,(1B,1D)*7,(1A,1C)*8,1B,1D,(1A,1C)*8,一花共计66根,其中,A纱17根,B纱16根,C纱17根,D纱16根。
有益效果:本发明中经纱选用40S棉纱,棉织物手感柔软,具有良好的透气性和吸湿性。纬纱选用涤纶及其弹力包覆纱:涤纶做成的织物具有手感滑爽,色泽好,保形性好的性能。采用两种原料的纱线交织,既提高了棉织物的抗皱性,也提高了涤纶面料的吸湿性与透气性,获得较佳的织物性能与外观风格。
本发明通过以下种种措施,较好地解决了织造中的问题,取得了很好的经济效益:
1.经向管状织物织制时,可以通过改变纬浮长的长度,来改变经管的大小,管子的形状由弹力纱的回复力的大小决定;
2.单轴织制时,要预先给以管经较大的张力,产生一定长度的预伸长,织制时,由于管经的回缩,正好与地经纱的织缩趋向一致,织造时,还采用短梭口、晚引纬、中后梁、大张力等多种工艺措施,避免管经纱的下沉;
3.织造时,通过增加废边纱根数、增大废边纱与地经纱的间距、推迟退剑时间、增加纬纱释放长度等多种工艺措施,解决弹力织物的边纬缩疵点;
4.管状织物织制时,容易产生卷边疵点,通过增加边纱根数、废边纱根数,以增强经纱对纬纱的控制能力,防止卷边疵点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的织物上机组织结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
具体实施例
本发明的工艺步骤如下:松式络筒→筒染→倒筒→分批整经→浆纱→穿结经→织造工艺→后整理。
1、松式络筒
络筒的机型为普通的络筒机GA015;管纱喂入。GA015络筒机常用的络筒范围为500-900m/min,本织物选用的络筒速度为600m/min。张力垫圈的重量为7.4g,卷绕成松筒,以方便染料的渗入;为提高织物的品质,接头采用手持式空气捻接器接头。
2、筒子染色
经纱40S棉纱,颜色为雪青和加白两种,采用活性染料染色。染色处方及条件:
40S雪青纱染色工艺:活性黄BES 0.62%;活性红BES 1.35%;活性蓝BET 2.52%;元明粉40g/L;纯碱20g/L;浴比1:10;温度60℃;时间40min。
40S加白棉纱染色工艺:27%双氧水8g/L;烧碱4g/L;增白剂4BK 0.42%;精练剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度98℃;时间30min。
后处理工艺:活性染料纱线的后处理主要包括酸洗、水洗和皂煮,其工艺如下:酸洗→水洗→皂煮→热水洗→冷水洗→脱水→干燥;酸洗:醋酸1g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min;皂洗:皂洗剂1g/L,温度为98℃,时间为10min;脱水:采用离心脱水机脱水;干燥:采用射频烘干机干燥。
涤纶及其氨纶包芯纱,采用扩散性好的分散性染料染色。染色处方及条件:
雪青长丝染色:分散红3B 1.05%;分散黄4GB 0.51%;分散蓝2BLN 2.14%;醋酸1g/L;分散剂1g/L;螯合剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度125℃;时间30min。
涤纶加白长丝染色:精练剂3g/L;纯碱4g/L;螯合剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度98℃,时间20min。
后处理工艺:分散染料纱线的后处理主要包括水洗和还原清洗,其工艺如下:水洗→还原清洗→热水洗→冷水洗→脱水→干燥,还原清洗:烧碱2g/L,保险粉4g/L,温度为85℃,时间为15min;脱水:采用离心脱水机脱水;干燥:采用射频烘干机干燥。
具体操作步骤如下:40℃温水化解分散染料→温度升至80℃时将纱线吊入缸→40min温度升至125℃→保温染色30min→降温排压排气到90℃以下→用软水洗涤两次→还原清洗10min→再用软水洗涤两次→用硅油在30-40℃处理20min→将纱线吊出缸脱水干燥。
3、倒筒
络筒的机型为普通的络筒机GA015,络筒速度为600m/min,张力垫圈重量为11g。采用手持式空气捻接器接头。
4、分批整经
选用KY6021型分批整经机,采用集体换筒,分段配置张力,地经纱整经时,张力垫圈的重量,前区为8g,中区为7g,后区为6g,边10g。管经纱整经时,张力垫圈的重量,前区为11g,中区为10g,后区为9g。整经的线速度为450m/min,选用较低的整经速度,以降低整经张力,减少经纱断头率。整经时,管经纱的张力大于地经纱的张力,使得管经纱产生适度伸长,织造时回复程度大于地经纱,以弥补由于交织次数少,产生与地经纱织缩之间的差异。
整经配轴:地经纱:雪青2114根,经4只轴,配轴为548*2+549*2;加白1219根,经2只轴,配轴为609×1+610×1。管经纱:管经加白纱1663根,经3只轴,配轴为554×2+555×1;管经雪青纱858根经2轴,轴数:429×2。
5、浆纱
选用GA308型双浆槽浆纱机,浆料配方为:变性淀粉70㎏,AS-02 30㎏,调浆体积860L,粘度9-10S,上浆率10%,前压浆辊压力16kN,后压浆辊压力为12kN,浆纱速度50m/min,浆槽温度98°,浆纱回潮率为7%。
经纱为纯棉,选用变性淀粉作为主浆料,另外加入AS-02浆料,AS-02浆料,浆膜韧性好,因此在以变性淀粉为主的浆料中加入AS02浆料,能改善浆纱的耐磨性能和柔韧性,可以提高浆纱的织造性能。
纱线为40S单纱,浆纱时既要重视增强,也要重视被覆,因而压浆力采用前重后轻的压浆工艺,前压浆辊压力16kN,能够获得较好的浸透,以达到增强的效果,后压浆辊压力12kN,能得到较好的被覆,以获得较好的耐磨性能。
管经纱经轴的退绕张力,要大于地经纱的退绕张力,比地经纱大10%左右,由浆纱机挡车工调节,保持管经纱的伸长大于地经纱,以弥补单轴织造时,管经纱和地经纱的织缩差异。
落轴时在地经纱各管经纱之间也要放一条分绞线。地经纱在上层,管经纱在下层,以方便穿综工穿综。
银丝不参与上浆,在并轴时按其与其他色纱在色经排列循环中均匀的分布在筘齿中。用绞纱将银丝部分隔开,以便穿综。
6、穿结经
穿综采用分区穿综,布边穿在1-2页综。地经纱:加白纱根数1219根,雪青纱2114根,用于织制地组织,组织为平纹,共计3333根,平纹组织经纱根数多,交织点多,穿在前区,使用1-6页综;花经纱:加白纱1663根,雪青纱858根,用于织制管状组织,共计2521根,使用4页综,管经纱穿在7-10页综,银丝66(根),用1页综,共计用11页综进行制织。各页综上综丝数为:第1页综:平纹412根,第2页综:平纹546根,第3页综:545根,第4~6页综:610根,第7页综:664根,第8页综:663很,第9-10页综:597根,第11页综:银丝66根。边组织为4入,地组织为2入。穿综图见图1。
7、织造
机型的选择:使用GA747织机。织制本织物时,纬纱中有一半弹力纱,弹力纱织制时,最好选用剑杆织机织制,因为剑杆织机属于积极引纬,剑头对纬纱的控制能力很强,能有效防止纬纱退捻、收缩,对织制纬弹织物特别有利。经向管状物织制时,管经张力比较小,梭口不易清晰,不易用高速织机织制,选择GA747织机,对梭口不易清晰的织物有利。
边纱根数:布边根数为40*2。布边根数使用较多,因为织制经向管状织物时,容易产生卷边疵点。产生卷边的原因之一是:弹力包覆丝使用较多,纬向收缩力大;原因之二是:为了形成管状织物,纬向弹力包覆丝的纬向浮长较长,经纱对弹力丝的控制能力差,需要增加经纱对弹力纱的控制能力。因而布边纱增加到80根纱。
废边纱的根数:GA747织机,左右两边都有废边纱,废边纱常用的根数为12-16根,本织物织制时,左边废边纱根数不变,使用12根废边,将右边废边纱根数增加至20根。原因是:由于纬纱采用了大量的弹力包覆丝,很容易产生回缩,引起右边纬缩疵点,因而增加右边废边纱根数,增强对纬纱的夹持力,防止弹力纬纱回缩。增加废边纱根数,同时还能起到防止布边卷边的作用。
增大废边纱与地经纱的间距:左边废边纱与地经纱的间距不变,增大右边废边纱到地经纱的距离,由2-3cm,增加到4cm,增大废边纱的间距后,即使少量的弹力纱未能被废边纱夹牢而产生回缩,但由于布边与绞边之间距离大,弹力纱也不容易缩进布边,导致产生纬缩疵点。
退剑时间:非弹力纬纱织制时,剑头退出梭口时,纬纱被经纱夹住,同时接纬剑释放纬纱。本织物织制时,我们将退剑时间控制在比开口时间晚5-10度。原因是:经纱刚处于综平位置时,经纱对纬纱的夹持力还不够大,此时释放纬纱,普通纱能被经纱夹住,由于纬纱弹力大,产生回缩的力量大,经纱夹不住纬纱,形成边纬缩疵点。退剑时间推迟5-10度后,纬纱被释放时,经纱对纬纱的夹持力大增,纬纱就不会产生纬缩疵点。
退剑时间比开口时间最多只能晚10度,如果退剑时间过晚,纬纱已经被经纱夹牢,接纬剑强行带着纬纱,向外运动,在距布边10cm左右的位置,纬纱会被拉断,形成疵点。
纬纱释放长度:接纬剑释放纬纱后,纬纱留在废边纱外面的长度,称为纬纱释放长度,纬纱释放长度长,能有效防止边纬缩,但造成的纬回丝也多,增加了生产成本,纬纱释放长度短,容易产生边纬缩疵点。非弹性织物织制时,纬纱释放长度在2-3cm,织制纬向弹力织物时,纬纱释放长度增加到4cm,防止纬缩产生。
短梭口:经管织物采用单轴织制时,管经由于交织次数少,织制时,管经容易下沉,管经下沉,一方面会引起梭口不清,另一方面会引起经停误关车。织制时,我们将停经架移至最内侧,缩短梭口后部长度,减少了经纱的下沉。
早开口:GA747织机,常用的开口时间为295度,经管织物织制时,我们将开口时间确定为280度,由于管经交织次数少,管经张力小,梭口不易清晰,采用早开口,有利于梭口清晰。
晚引纬:确定引纬时间为80度。GA747织机,常用的进剑时间为75度,经管织物织制时,由于管经纱梭口不易的清晰,采用晚引纬工艺,使得送纬剑进梭口时有效高度大,能有效地减少星跳一类的疵点产生。
中后梁:平纹织物织制时,常用高后梁,高后梁有利于打紧纬纱,消除筘痕,经管织物织制时,不易采用高后梁,因为后梁高,上、下层经纱张力差异大,上层经纱张力小,管经上的停经片容易下沉,引起误关车。因此经管织物织制时,采用中后梁,以减少管经纱的下沉。平纹织物织制时,常用后梁高度为70mm。管经织物织制时,后梁高度控制在100mm。后梁也不易再低,,后梁低能消除管经的下沉,但会影响织物的外观,使织物不丰满。
上机张力:织机张力重锤杆上,各配置一只5kg的张力重锤,张力偏大控制,以增加地经纱的张力,减少管纱的下沉。
本发明中经纱选用40S棉纱,棉织物手感柔软,具有良好的透气性和吸湿性。纬纱选用涤纶及其弹力包覆纱:涤纶做成的织物具有手感滑爽,色泽好,保形性好的性能。采用两种原料的纱线交织,既提高了棉织物的抗皱性,也提高了涤纶面料的吸湿性与透气性,获得较佳的织物性能与外观风格。
本发明的成品规格为:40S×75D+75D/40D,120×86,成品幅宽为48/50英寸,经纱缩率6.63%,纬纱缩率11.6%,染整长缩率4%,染整幅缩率25%。
本发明通过以下种种措施,较好地解决了织造中的问题,取得了很好的经济效益:
1.经向管状织物织制时,可以通过改变纬浮长的长度,来改变经管的大小,管子的形状由弹力纱的回复力的大小决定;
2.单轴织制时,要预先给以管经较大的张力,产生一定长度的预伸长,织制时,由于管经的回缩,正好与地经纱的织缩趋向一致,织造时,还采用短梭口、晚引纬、中后梁、大张力等多种工艺措施,避免管经纱的下沉;
3.织造时,通过增加废边纱根数、增大废边纱与地经纱的间距、推迟退剑时间、增加纬纱释放长度等多种工艺措施,解决弹力织物的边纬缩疵点;
4.管状织物织制时,容易产生卷边疵点,通过增加边纱根数、废边纱根数,以增强经纱对纬纱的控制能力,防止卷边疵点。
本发明不局限于上述最佳实施方式,任何人在本发明的启示下都可得出其他各种形式的产品,但不论在其形状或结构上作任何变化,凡是具有与本申请相同或相近似的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种色织经向管状织物的生产工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:松式络筒→筒染→倒筒→分批整经→浆纱→穿结经→织造工艺→后整理;具体工艺如下:
(1)松式络筒:
络筒的机型为GA015络筒机,管纱喂入,络筒速度为600m/min;张力垫圈的重量为7.4g,卷绕成松筒,以方便染料的渗入;为提高织物的品质,接头采用手持式空气捻接器接头;
(2)筒染:
a.经纱40S棉纱,颜色为雪青和加白两种,采用活性染料染色;
40S雪青纱染色工艺:活性黄BES 0.62%;活性红BES 1.35%;活性蓝BET 2.52%;元明粉40g/L;纯碱20g/L;浴比1:10;温度60℃;时间40min;
40S加白棉纱染色工艺:27%双氧水8g/L;烧碱4g/L;增白剂4BK 0.42%;精练剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度98℃;时间30min;
后处理工艺:活性染料纱线的后处理主要包括酸洗、水洗和皂煮,其工艺如下:酸洗→水洗→皂煮→热水洗→冷水洗→脱水→干燥;其中,酸洗:醋酸为1g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min;皂洗:皂洗剂为1g/L,温度为98℃,时间为10min;脱水:采用离心脱水机脱水;干燥:采用射频烘干机干燥;
b.涤纶及其氨纶包芯纱,采用扩散性好的分散性染料染色;
雪青长丝染色:分散红3B 1.05%;分散黄4GB 0.51%;分散蓝2BLN 2.14%;醋酸1g/L;分散剂1g/L;螯合剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度125℃;时间30min;
涤纶加白长丝染色:精练剂3g/L;纯碱4g/L;螯合剂3g/L;浴比1:10;温度98℃;时间20min;
后处理工艺:分散染料纱线的后处理主要包括水洗和还原清洗,其工艺如下:水洗→还原清洗→热水洗→冷水洗→脱水→干燥;其中,还原清洗:烧碱2g/L,保险粉4g/L,温度为85℃,时间为15min;脱水:采用离心脱水机脱水;干燥:采用射频烘干机干燥;
具体操作步骤如下:40℃温水化解分散染料→温度升至80℃时将纱线吊入缸→40min温度升至125℃→保温染色30min→降温排压排气到90℃以下→用软水洗涤两次→还原清洗10min→再用软水洗涤两次→用硅油在30-40℃处理20min→将纱线吊出缸脱水干燥;
(3)倒筒:
络筒的机型为GA015络筒机,络筒速度为600m/min,张力垫圈重量为11g,采用手持式空气捻接器接头;
(4)分批整经:
选用KY6021型分批整经机,采用集体换筒,分段配置张力,地经纱整经时,张力垫圈的重量,前区为8g,中区为7g,后区为6g,边10g;管经纱整经时,张力垫圈的重量,前区为11g,中区为10g,后区为9g;整经的线速度为450m/min,选用较低的整经速度,以降低整经张力,减少经纱断头率;整经时,管经纱的张力大于地经纱的张力,使得管经纱产生适度伸长,织造时回复程度大于地经纱,以弥补由于交织次数少,产生与地经纱织缩之间的差异;
整经配轴:地经纱:雪青2114根,经4只轴,配轴为548*2+549*2;加白1219根,经2只轴,配轴为609×1+610×1;管经纱:管经加白纱1663根,经3只轴,配轴为554×2+555×1;管经雪青纱858根,经2轴,轴数:429×2;(5)浆纱:
选用GA308型双浆槽浆纱机,浆料配方为:变性淀粉70kg,AS-02 30kg,调浆体积860L,粘度9-10S,上浆率10%,前压浆辊压力16kN,后压浆辊压力为12kN,浆纱速度50m/min,浆槽温度98°,浆纱回潮率为7%;
纱线为40S单纱,浆纱时既要重视增强,也要重视被覆,因而压浆力采用前重后轻的压浆工艺,前压浆辊压力16kN,能够获得较好的浸透,以达到增强的效果,后压浆辊压力12kN,能得到较好的被覆,以获得较好的耐磨性能;
管经纱经轴的退绕张力,要大于地经纱的退绕张力,比地经纱大10%左右,由浆纱机挡车工调节,保持管经纱的伸长大于地经纱,以弥补单轴织造时,管经纱和地经纱的织缩差异;
银丝不参与上浆,在并轴时按其与其他色纱在色经排列循环中均匀的分布在筘齿中,用绞纱将银丝部分隔开,以便穿综;
落轴时在地经纱各管经纱之间也要放一条分绞线,地经纱在上层,管经纱在下层,方便穿综工穿综;
(6)穿经:
穿综采用分区穿综,布边穿在1-2页综;地经纱:加白纱根数1219根,雪青纱2114根,用于织制地组织,组织为平纹,共计3333根,平纹组织经纱根数多,交织点多,穿在前区,使用1-6页综;花经纱:加白纱1663根,雪青纱858根,用于织制管状组织,共计2521根,使用4页综,管经纱穿在7-10页综;银丝66根,用1页综,共计用11页综进行制织;各页综上综丝数为:第1页综:平纹412根,第2页综:平纹546根,第3页综:545根,第4~6页综:610根,第7页综:664根,第8页综:663很,第9-10页综:597根,第11页综:银丝66根,边组织为4入,地组织为2入;
(7)织造工艺:
机型的选择:使用GA747织机,织制本织物时,纬纱中有一半弹力纱,弹力纱织制时,最好选用剑杆织机织制,因为剑杆织机属于积极引纬,剑头对纬纱的控制能力很强,能有效防止纬纱退捻、收缩,对织制纬弹织物特别有利,经向管状物织制时,管经张力比较小,梭口不易清晰,不易用高速织机织制,选择GA747织机,对梭口不易清晰的织物有利;
边纱根数:布边根数为40*2根纱;
废边纱的根数:GA747织机,左右两边都有废边纱,废边纱常用的根数为12-16根,本织物织制时,左边废边纱使用12根废边,右边废边纱20根。原因是:由于纬纱采用了大量的弹力包覆丝,很容易产生回缩,引起右边纬缩疵点,因而增加右边废边纱根数,增强对纬纱的夹持力,防止弹力纬纱回缩,增加废边纱根数,同时还能起到防止布边卷边的作用;
增大废边纱与地经纱的间距:左边废边纱与地经纱的间距不变,增大右边废边纱到地经纱的距离,由2-3cm,增加到4cm,增大废边纱的间距后,即使少量的弹力纱未能被废边纱夹牢而产生回缩,但由于布边与绞边之间距离大,弹力纱也不容易缩进布边,导致产生纬缩疵点;
退剑时间:非弹力纬纱织制时,剑头退出梭口时,纬纱被经纱夹住,同时接纬剑释放纬纱,本织物织制时,将退剑时间控制在比开口时间晚5-10度,原因是:经纱刚处于综平位置时,经纱对纬纱的夹持力还不够大,此时释放纬纱,普通纱能被经纱夹住,由于纬纱弹力大,产生回缩的力量大,经纱夹不住纬纱,形成边纬缩疵点,退剑时间推迟5-10度后,纬纱被释放时,经纱对纬纱的夹持力大增,纬纱就不会产生纬缩疵点;退剑时间比开口时间最多只能晚10度,如果退剑时间过晚,纬纱已经被经纱夹牢,接纬剑强行带着纬纱,向外运动,在距布边10cm左右的位置,纬纱会被拉断,形成疵点;
纬纱释放长度:非弹性织物织制时,纬纱释放长度在废边外2-3cm,织制纬向弹力织物时,纬纱释放长度增加到4cm,防止纬缩产生;
短梭口:织制时,将停经架移至最内侧,缩短梭口后部长度,减少了经纱的下沉;
早开口:GA747织机,常用的开口时间为295度,经管织物织制时,将开口时间确定为280度,由于管经交织次数少,管经张力小,梭口不易清晰,采用早开口,有利于梭口清晰;
晚引纬:确定引纬时间为80度,GA747织机,常用的进剑时间为75度,经管织物织制时,由于管经纱梭口不易的清晰,采用晚引纬工艺,使得送纬剑进梭口时,梭口有效高度大,能有效地减少星跳一类的疵点产生;
中后梁:经管织物织制时,采用中后梁,以减少管经纱的下沉,平纹织物织制时,常用后梁高度为70mm,管经织物织制时,后梁高度控制在100mm,后梁也不易再低,后梁低能消除管经的下沉,但会影响织物的外观,使织物不丰满;
上机张力:织机张力重锤杆上,各配置一只5kg的张力重锤,张力偏大控制,以增加地经纱的张力,减少管纱的下沉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的色织经向管状织物的生产工艺,其特征在于:织物地组织为平纹织物,由普通涤纶长丝和弹力包覆丝,按照1:1的比例交织;在经管处,管状表面的组织仍然为平纹,用普通涤纶长丝和管经纱交织,弹力包覆丝与管经不交织,在织物的反面形成纬浮长,当织物失去边撑的支撑作用后,织物反面的纬向浮长线,产生横向拉力,使织物反面收缩,织物正面凸起形成管状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的色织经向管状织物的生产工艺,其特征在于:经纱为40S纯棉纱,有五种:A:表示雪青,B表示加白,A、B为地经纱,C表示银丝,D表示管状处加白纱,E表示管状处雪青纱,C、D、E形成管经纱;经纱排列顺序为:9B,2A,6B,13D,2B,15A,6E,1C,6E,15A,1E,12D,一花共计88根,其中,A纱32根,B纱17根,C纱1根,D纱25根,E纱13根。
4.根据权利要求1所述的色织经向管状织物的生产工艺,其特征在于:纬纱为:75D涤纶+75D/40D氨纶包覆丝,弹力丝与非弹力丝1:1排列,颜色有两种,A表示75D的加白长丝,B表示75D的雪青长丝,C表示75D/40D的加白包覆长丝,D表示75D/40D雪青包覆长丝,色纬排列为:(1B,1D)*7,1B,1C,1A,1D,(1B,1D)*7,(1A,1C)*8,1B,1D,(1A,1C)*8,一花共计66根,其中,A纱17根,B纱16根,C纱17根,D纱16根。
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CN108505358A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2018-09-07 张家港市金陵纺织有限公司 一种深浓色棉涤弹力色织面料的染整加工工艺
CN111394861A (zh) * 2020-03-23 2020-07-10 天津田歌纺织有限公司 一种仿色纺面料的生产方法
CN111648070A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-11 惠州日通纱线有限公司 一种涤纶长丝染色方法

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