CN106415976A - 用于电动车辆的双向充电系统 - Google Patents

用于电动车辆的双向充电系统 Download PDF

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CN106415976A
CN106415976A CN201580023483.XA CN201580023483A CN106415976A CN 106415976 A CN106415976 A CN 106415976A CN 201580023483 A CN201580023483 A CN 201580023483A CN 106415976 A CN106415976 A CN 106415976A
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vehicle
terminal
electrical network
way
battery
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G·兰伯特
S·拉沃伊
E·勒库图瓦
A·朱门托
M·拉加斯
J-L·杜普雷
L-A·帕托
N·布杰里达
K·扎吉布
E·佩罗
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Hydro Quebec
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Hydro Quebec
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Priority claimed from CA2850718A external-priority patent/CA2850718A1/fr
Priority claimed from CA2850684A external-priority patent/CA2850684A1/fr
Priority claimed from CA2850683A external-priority patent/CA2850683A1/fr
Priority claimed from CA2850726A external-priority patent/CA2850726A1/fr
Application filed by Hydro Quebec filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Priority to CN202210835840.4A priority Critical patent/CN115149611A/zh
Publication of CN106415976A publication Critical patent/CN106415976A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/12—Driver interactions by confirmation, e.g. of the input
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，包括：双向终端(101)，其连接到电网(102)；电缆，其用于连接到电动车辆(103)；控制面板(104)，其从所述终端可接入；以及与所述电网的所述控制系统通信(107)的构件，所述车辆包含双向充电器(105)，所述双向充电器允许电能从所述终端传送到所述车辆的电池(106)且反之亦然，其中所述车辆的用户可以通过所述控制面板的所述终端指定所述电池(106)的最小电量水平。

Description

用于电动车辆的双向充电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于电动车辆的双向充电系统。
背景技术
通常，电动车辆(例如，电池供电的车辆和“插电式”混合车辆)是通过与用来对由可再充电电池供电的装置进行充电的那些方式类似的方式进行充电。换句话说，操作者将终端的连接器连接到为此目的提供的车辆插座。安装于车辆中的充电器便立即开始对车辆的电池进行充电。此充电器是单向的，也就是说负载是在车辆的方向上。车辆充电的速度通常是充电器的电子器件施加的电流限制以及终端的容量的结果。车辆的充电器可以含有明确的逻辑或组件以修改充电速率，以便延长车辆电池的寿命。一般不存在用于控制充电速率的额外组件，这是由其它因素决定的。
而且，在可再充电电动车辆的情景中，位于充电终端中的双向充电器的使用是已知的。在此情况下，电动车辆不含有充电器，且车辆的电池直接连接到位于外部充电终端中的双向充电器。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，包括：双向终端，其连接到电网；电动车辆，其适于连接到所述终端；控制面板，其从终端可接入；以及与所述电网的控制系统通信的构件，所述车辆包含双向充电器，所述双向充电器允许电能从所述终端传送至车辆电池且反之亦然，其中所述车辆的用户可以经由所述终端的所述控制面板指定所述电池的最小电量水平。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，包括：双向终端，其连接到电网；电动车辆，其适于连接到所述终端；电力输出，其用以对关键负载进行供电；以及控制面板，其从所述终端可接入；双向充电器，其用于从所述终端向车辆电池传送电力且反之亦然，其中用户可以当所述电网的主电力不可用时接受或拒绝使用所述车辆的能量对关键负载进行供电。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，包括：双向终端，其连接到电网；电动车辆，其适于连接到所述终端；以及与所述电网的控制系统通信的构件，所述车辆包含双向充电器，所述双向充电器实现电能从所述终端传送至车辆电池且反之亦然，其中所述控制系统根据电网需要对供应到所述车辆以及从所述车辆抽取的电力进行调制。
本发明的第四目的是提供一种包括电动推进系统的电动车辆，所述电动推进系统具有中央电机和车辆控制系统，其中所述车辆包含双向充电器和LiFePo4电池。
鉴于以下作为仅关于附图的实施例给出的可能实施方案的描述，本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将变得更显而易见。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的优选实施方案的示出用于电动车辆的双向充电系统的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的第二优选实施方案的示出用于电动车辆的双向充电系统的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的第三优选实施方案的示出用于电动车辆的双向充电系统的示意图。
图4是根据本发明的第四优选实施方案的示出用于电动车辆的双向充电系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，示出了用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，其包括连接到电网102的双向终端101。电动车辆103经由电缆连接到终端101。所述系统包含从终端101可接入的控制面板104，以及到电网的控制系统107的通信构件。车辆包含双向充电器105，其与不含有充电器或含有单向充电器的已知车辆不同。双向充电器105允许电能从终端101传送到车辆的电池106，且反之亦然。车辆的用户可以经由终端101的控制面板104指定电池106的最小电量水平(SOC％或“电量状态”)。
双向充电器105允许电能在电动车辆103与电网102之间交换。在“车辆到电力网(V2G)”系统的情景中，电动车辆(EV)自动与电网102通信以出售过剩的电力或者减小充电速率。此系统旨在使用储存在电动车辆(EV)的电池中的能量作为辅助源，以例如在峰值需求周期期间将电供应到电网102。
双向充电器105还允许在电力故障期间电动车辆103的电池直接对房屋的主电路供电(通常称为“车辆对家庭”或V2H)。这允许电动车辆(EV)的所有者使用储存在车辆电池中的能量作为用于他的家的临时电源，与通过发电机实现的情形类似。
与电动车辆103集成的双向充电器105的主要优点在于在任何时间都具有交流电压电源(AC)而不需要特定终端。事实上，当双向充电器105集成到车辆103时，仅需要与所述双向充电器通信以使得所述双向充电器将电力递送到车辆103的充电插座。仅在隔离的网络中允许此特征。
在2013年7月到8月之间实行的道路测试允许评估在夏季条件中自主行驶96km的电动车辆的若干特性。以下表1示出了测试结果。
因此例如，用户可以经由终端101的控制面板104指定电池106的最小电量水平(SOC％)，所述最小电量水平可以在电池106的最大电量的0％到60％之间。最小电量水平(SOC％)将对应于上表中的开始电量水平，且将导致车辆能够行进的距离的减少，但将使得用户能够向电网102的管理者出售储存在电池106中的能量。
在实践中，用户可以根据他自身的需要而在需要时调整最小电量水平。最小电量水平也称为关键阈值：其为用户在他的汽车中想要保持的电池电量的百分比。举例来说，如果用户知道他在第二天下午之前不会使用他的汽车，那么他可以将阈值设定于10％，接着在第二天早晨，他可以将其设定于50％，因为他需要在下午离开且将需要由他的电池提供的一半自主行驶。
在充电模式中，双向充电器105将交流电压(AC)转换为直流电压(DC)。在V2G/V2H模式中，双向充电器105将直流电压(DC)转换为交流电压(AC)。双向充电器105位于车辆103下方在动力系附近。
如上文阐释，电网102可以特定在消耗峰值期间经由电网控制器107自动向终端101做出能量请求。终端101可以通过控制面板104而编程，使得终端101自动接受拒绝充电的请求。因此，当电网控制器107确定例如电网需要能量提升时，其向终端101发送拒绝充电请求消息，且终端101自动停止对车辆103的电池106充电。此配置可以允许车辆103的用户从电网102的管理者接收折扣或退款。
然而，用户可以经由终端的控制面板104取消由电网的管理控制系统107控制的总再充电限制。对于此选项，用户可以确保当做出拒绝充电的请求时终端101不会使电池106放电，但反过来，用户将不会从电网102的管理者接收到退款或折扣。
而且，当电网102经由电网控制器107执行对终端101的能量请求时，用户可以经由终端的控制面板104取消由电网控制系统107控制的从车辆到电网(V2G：“车辆到电力网”)的能量请求传送。
优选地，用户可以经由终端的控制面板104调整随着时间表中的时间而变的车辆电池的最小电量水平。
优选地，用户可以经由终端的控制面板104施加在特定时间时车辆电池的电量水平。
参见图2，示出了用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，其包括连接到电网102的双向终端101。电动车辆103经由电缆连接到终端101。终端101包含用于对紧急情况电路108中的关键负载进行供电的电力输出，以及从终端101可接入的控制面板104。所述车辆可以包含双向充电器105，但双向充电器105也可以集成到终端101中。双向充电器105允许电能从终端传送到车辆103的电池106，且反之亦然。当主电网102不可用时用户可以接受或拒绝使用车辆的能量对关键负载108进行供电。
因此，以上系统在电网102的电力故障期间可以很有用，所述电力故障经常导致各种相邻区域的断电。在此情况下，当用户对终端101进行编程以便仅对关键负载108进行供电时，车辆103的电池106可以支持房屋的负载的一部分，例如厨房。当然，所述房屋也可以是建筑物、商业、机构、公司等等。
V2H(“车辆对家庭”)概念允许“插电式”混合车辆、可再充电电动车辆和房屋或住处的电系统之间的相互电量共享。
优选地，用户可以经由终端的控制面板104指定电池106的最小电量水平。
参见图3，示出了用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，其包括连接到电网102的双向终端101。电动车辆103经由电缆连接到终端101。所述系统包含到电网的控制系统107的通信构件。所述车辆包含双向充电器105。双向充电器105允许电能从终端101传送到车辆电池106，且反之亦然。电网的控制系统107根据来自发送到终端101的事件时间表109的电网需要而对供应到车辆以及从车辆抽取的电力进行调制。
优选地，经调制电力是有功的和/或无功的。
参见图4，示出了包括电动推进系统的电动车辆，所述电动推进系统具有中央电机204和车辆控制系统201。所述车辆包含双向充电器203和电池202LiFePo4。
举例来说，动力电池202可以包括LiFePO4类型的串联的108个电池单元，具有346V的总标称电压、100kW的最大功率以及20.7kWh的总能量。所述电池单元由铝壳体容纳和保护。电池202位于车辆的前部。
动力电池在电动车辆202中的集成的主要挑战是将电池202和需要的其它组件的体积放置于有限空间中，同时考虑车辆的轴上的质量分布。重要的是具有足够的重量分布以便维持类似于内燃机车辆的机动性。
权利要求书在范围方面不应受到实施例中说明的优选实施方案的限制，而是应当接受整体符合说明书的最广泛解释。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，包括：双向终端(101)，其用于连接到电网(102)；电动车辆(103)，其用于连接到所述终端(101)；控制面板(104)，其从所述终端(101)可接入；以及与所述电网的控制系统(107)通信的构件，所述车辆包含双向充电器(105)，所述双向充电器(105)允许电能从所述终端(101)传送至所述车辆(103)的动力电池(106)且反之亦然，其中所述车辆(103)的用户可以通过所述终端(101)的所述控制面板(104)指定所述电池(106)的最小电量水平(SOC％)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双向充电系统，其中所述电池(106)的所述电量水平(SOC％)值在所述电池(106)的最大电量的0％到60％之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双向充电系统，其中所述用户可以经由所述终端(101)的所述控制面板(104)取消由所述电网的所述控制系统(107)控制的总充电限制。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双向充电系统，其中所述用户可以经由所述终端(101)的所述控制面板(104)取消由所述电网的所述控制系统(107)控制的向所述电网的车辆能量传送请求(V2G)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双向充电系统，其中所述用户可以经由所述终端(101)的所述控制面板(104)调整随着时间表中的时间而变的所述车辆(103)的所述电池(106)的所述最小电量水平。
6.根据权利要求1所述的双向充电系统，其中所述用户可以通过所述终端(101)的所述控制面板(104)施加在特定时间时所述车辆的所述电池(106)的电量水平(SOC％)。
7.一种用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，包括：双向终端(101)，其连接到电网(102)；电动车辆(103)，其用于连接到所述终端(101)；电力输出，其用以对关键负载进行供电；以及控制面板(104)，其从所述终端(101)可接入；双向充电器，其用于将电能从所述终端(101)传送至所述车辆的电池(106)且反之亦然，其中用户可以在所述电网的主电力不可用时接受或拒绝使用所述车辆的能量对关键负载进行供电。
8.根据权利要求7所述的双向充电系统，其中所述车辆包含所述双向充电器(105)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的双向充电系统，其中所述用户可以通过所述控制面板(104)的所述终端指定所述电池(106)的最小电量水平。
10.一种用于电动车辆的双向充电系统，包括：双向终端(101)，其连接到电网(102)；电动车辆(103)，其用于连接到所述终端(101)；以及与所述电网的控制系统(107)通信的构件，所述车辆合并有双向充电器(105)，所述双向充电器实现电能从所述终端(101)传送至车辆电池(106)且反之亦然，其中所述电网的所述控制系统(107)根据来自发送到所述终端(101)的事件日历(109)的电网需要而对供应到所述车辆以及从所述车辆抽取的电力进行调制。
11.根据权利要求10所述的双向充电系统，其中所述经调制电力是有功的和/或无功的。
12.一种包括电动推进系统的电动车辆，所述电动推进系统具有中央电机(204)和车辆控制系统(201)，其中所述车辆包含双向充电器(203)和LiFePo4电池(202)。
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