CN103079867A - 用于为电动车的可充电电池充电的系统 - Google Patents
用于为电动车的可充电电池充电的系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B60L2210/00—Converter types
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于为电动车的可充电电池(1)充电的系统,其中电动车设有电驱动装置(2)、产生第一输出交流电(3)的发电机(4)、在电动车行驶中可开启的驱动发电机的内燃机(5)和第一电气充电插接装置(6),其中在内燃机启动的情况下,发电机至少能够暂时作为电功率源用于为电池提供充电功率,第一充电插接装置在几何结构上这样设计,使得提供第二输出交流电(7)的单相交流电网(8)能够通过第一充电电线(9)和第一充电插接装置相连,从而在电动车被停置的状态下作为电功率源为电池提供充电功率,第一充电插接装置被设计用于最大电压波动至少为240伏以及最大电流强度至少为32安培的负载,在电动车中集成了第二电气充电插接装置(10),在汽车被停置的状态中提供第一直流电(12)的直流电充电站(13)能够通过第二充电电线和该第二电气充电插接装置相连,这样在电动车被停置的状态中直流电充电站能够或者单独地或者与单相交流电网同时地作为电功率源用于为电池提供充电功率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于为电动车的可充电电池充电的系统,其中电动车预设有电驱动装置、产生第一输出交流电的发电机、在电动车行驶中可开启的驱动发电机的内燃机和第一电气充电插接装置。
背景技术
在个人近距离交通中,具有其它驱动方式、特别是电动驱动的特别是对气候和环境有益的汽车概念获得了越来越多的市场份额。所述电动驱动获取用于牵引力的电功率的典型方式为来自电压位在高压范围内的电池,优选为来自可充电的锂离子电池。次级电池在能量和功率密度方面相对于其它的电化学能量存储技术有一些优势。在具有电动驱动的汽车中,所述蓄电池在电动车停止运行或者被停置的状态时,即在不准备行驶的状态时,普遍通过一般为汽车使用者的家用电网的交流电网、或者通过直流电充电站被充电。在具有可在行驶中开启的内燃机的电动车中,充电也可以在行驶或者行驶准备状态中实现。内燃机驱动发电机以产生电流,其也可以被用作电池充电电流。由内燃机给出的功率优选用于电动车电驱动装置的有效行程的延长,因此在本发明中内燃机和发电机的组合被称为行程延长器。结果是这对电动车的电路架构提出了特别的技术要求,最主要涉及的是电动车停止和行驶中的能量和功率流。所述电路架构的一部分为用于给可充电电池充电的系统。
电动车可充电电池的充电系统在现有技术水平中是熟知的。例如专利EP0596988M1描述了由电池供电的电动车的电供给系统。其中供给是基于公共交流电网。此外专利EP0610258B1公布了用于电动车的充电站,其中在开始就特别提到充电站提供直流电。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,给出一种改良的充电系统,用于为电动车电池重复充电。
该任务通过根据权利要求1的用于电动车可充电电池的充电系统解决。本发明的有益的实施形式和进一步构造由从属权利要求给出。
根据本发明,在内燃机启动的情况下,发电机至少暂时作为电功率源用于为电池提供充电功率,并且第一充电插接装置在几何结构上这样设计,使得提供第二输出交流电的单相交流电网可以通过第一充电电线连接到第一充电插接装置,从而在电动车被停置的状态时作为电功率源为电池提供充电功率。在此第一充电插接装置被设计成用于最大电压位至少为240伏以及最大电流强度至少为32安培的负载,并且电动车中集成了第二电气充电插接装置,在汽车被停置的状态中提供第一直流电的直流电充电站能够通过第二充电电线连接到该第二电气充电插接装置,这样在电动车被停置的状态中直流电充电站能够或者单独地或者与单相交流电网同时地作为电功率源用于为电池提供充电功率。
本发明的一个优点在于,在电动车在被停置状态下在可充电电池的充电可能性方面给汽车使用者提供了高的灵活性。除了在例如公共充电站通过直流充电插接装置、即第二充电插接装置给电池充电外,在交流电源上通过交流电插接装置、即第一充电插接装置的多向电的充电也是可行的。
根据本发明的优选的实施形式,第一输出交流电由第一交流电-直流电转换器和与第一交流电-直流电转换器并联的第二交流电-直流电转换器整流成第二直流电。在设计交流电源的充电功能时两个转换器的并联特别是能获得高的地域灵活性。
根据本发明的另一个优选的实施形式,第二直流电通过接在电驱动装置之前的直流电-交流电转换器为电驱动装置供给电功率或者第二直流电通过接在电驱动装置之前的直流电-交流电转换器给电驱动装置供给电功率并且同时给电池充电。
在所述实施形式的框架中,充电系统使电池在准备好行驶的状态中的充电和在行驶中通过行程延长器的充电成为可能。这意味着交流电由发电机产生,而发电机在需要的情况下,即优选在为了延长已经开始的行驶的行程或者是为了实现即将开始的行驶由内燃机使用燃料来驱动。此时由发电机作为电流给出的功率由电路优选拐向电驱动装置的方向,其中根据本发明的充电系统为电路架构的一部分。可供选择的是给出的功率部分可以同时用于电池的充电。
同样有益的是,第二输出交流电由第一交流电-直流电转换器和与第一交流电-直流电转换器并联的第二交流电-直流电转换器整流成第三直流电并且第三直流电给电池充电。
根据前面的描述第三直流电和第二直流电的区别特别在于,第二直流电流动的前提是行程延长器的运行以及第三直流电流动的前提是汽车通过第一充电插接装置在交流电源上充电。
根据本发明的另一个优选的实施形式,第一交流电-直流电转换器被设计用于最大输入功率至少为230伏x16安培并且第二交流电-直流电转换器被设计用于最大输入功率至少为230伏x16安培。
该类系统能让电动车的使用者(例如在北美)将电动车与不同的特定的、但是分布很广的用于充电的交流电网连接用于电池充电。在北美大约至少有两种交流电网在家用范围内被广泛使用,一种为持续保证16安培的120伏网络以及一种为持续保证32安培的240伏网络。当汽车为了充电和更高电压的网络连接时,电池的充电相较于和低电压网络连接能在更短的时间内实现,这在本发明的后文中被称为快速充电。
此外充电系统还优选具有的特性为,第一直流电可以通过大功率开关、特别是直流接触器中断。
以此在位于直流电充电站的充电过程中例如为了高压安全的目的电池可以电流式地和直流电充电站断开。
此外根据本发明的充电系统可以被构造成,第二交流电-直流电转换器和直流接触器在空间上被集成在一个组合充电单元中并且第一交流电-直流电转换器和第二交流电-直流电转换器的并联在组合充电单元外部或者在组合充电单元上实现。
该实施形式带来的优点首先为对于汽车制造商给出了模块化的电路架构或者电动车的构造方式。例如在所述的实施形式中,在直流电充电站的直流充电可以以特别装备的形式被提供,因为该功能和为此必要的技术组件对于充电系统的其它功能并不是必须的。这样电动车可以以不同的配置被提供,这仅说明在直流电充电的可能性上为可选的。如果汽车具有直流电充电的可能性,在充电系统其它的配置例中就可以放弃第二交流电-直流电转换器并且因此在工厂可以组装不具有第二交流电-直流电转换器的组合充电单元的简化版本。通过这种方式根据第一交流电-直流电转换器的设计在交流电网上只能通过最大功率至少为230伏x16安培来充电,而不存在快速充电的可能型。如果汽车大致主要在欧洲或者在地球的其它国家或区域被使用或者由这些国家在汽车制造商处预订,那么只具有一个交流电-直流电转换器的缺少覆盖高输出功率交流电网的配置在技术上还是足够的。在这种情况下快速充电的可能性对用户没有技术价值,这意味着能提供给客户不具有可察觉技术限制的更便宜的汽车。根据本发明的充电系统的模块化构造(下面称为模块性),通过前面所述的方式可以让汽车制造商能够根据一个组件原则低价提供不同类型的电动车,并且能够在较小的生产技术成本下考虑特定的(例如形式为特殊配置或者区域变体的)客户需求。在这种情况下基于充电系统的特定实施形式还可以考虑将行程延长器也同样视为可选的或者作为特殊装备提供。
组合充电单元、第一交流电-直流电转换器、第一充电插接装置和第二充电插接装置优选由至少一个控制设备控制和监控功能。
在该控制设备或者该类控制设备中可以集成所有需要的软件,尺度为至少充电系统的模块性不会受到影响。软件的范围典型包括控制功能、调节功能、监控功能和通过数据总线的通信功能。
一个特别的实施形式为,第一交流电-直流电转换器、组合充电单元、交流电-直流电转换器和控制设备是电动车的组件。
该特别的实施形式带来的优点首先为,汽车外部的充电基础设施、例如直流电充电站或者公共交流电网可以在技术上尽可能地保持简单,或者通过充电电线的导电连接的建立首先只需要考虑几何结构。
本发明基于如下的考虑:根据国家特定的充电功率,具有可充电电池的电动车配有不同类型的充电设备,例如用于直流充电的、单相交流充电的或者三相交流充电的。此外根据现有系列研发水平,充电基础设施还不明朗,不能看出哪种充电架构确实能够在未来使用。典型的为符合系列研发水平的额外具有直流充电可能性的单相3.5千瓦交流充电设备。该技术的缺点为,直流充电站特别是在美国并没有大范围被使用并且因此只能通过3.5千瓦交流充电设备充电。不然就必须研发额外的充电变体,而其对于其它市场又不是必须的。所以提供给驾驶员3.5千瓦的交流充电设备作为基础配置,这里称为基础充电设备。被称为舒适充电设备的交流充电设备可以作为特殊装备被订购,其中额外装了一个可以和基础充电设备并联的3.5千瓦交流充电设备。以此可以达到7千瓦的交流充电功率。在可能的情况下舒适充电设备可以和基础充电设备一样构造。舒适充电设备还包括此处被称为接触器盒的装置用于连接高的电流,其可以实现高功率的直流充电。为此在汽车中必须有单独的直流充电插座能够通过接触器盒与高压系统断开。以次带来的优点是,通过接触器盒和舒适充电设备的连接可以避免研发其它的充电构架类型,因为通过所述的架构可以提供灵活的跨越国家的充电功能。其包括例如在美国由32安培确保的交流电网上的交流充电,其额外带有在直流充电站直流充电的可能性。
附图说明
下面通过附图进一步描述本发明的优选实施形式。由此给出了本发明更多的细节、优选实施形式和进一步构造。其中:
图1示意性地示出了电动车可充电电池的充电系统的框图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有行程延长器(Range-Extender)的电动车的电路架构。行程延长器由可以由少量气缸构成并且可以在功耗最佳点运行的内燃机(5)和由内燃机(5)机械驱动的发电机(4)组成。发电机产生交流电(3)。通过行程延长器产生交流电优选发生在做好行驶准备的状态,以在行驶开始后延长行程或者使行驶成为可能。在行程延长器运行时由发电机产生的功率会被传至两个并联的交流电-直流电转换器(14、15)的输入端。在输出端,得到的直流电(16)典型地被用于供给将电功率转换成机械功率的电动机(2)。为了这个目的在电动机前面接有作为逆变器的交流电-直流电转换器(17),因为电动机在输入端不能由直流电供给。根据行程延长器(4、5)的可能功率输出和驱动装置(17)的功率要求也可以替代地提供直流电(16)用于高压电池(1)的充电,高压电池优选以锂离子技术实现为电化学能源存储系统。也可以考虑例如镍金属混合电池或者铅酸性电池作为其它的电化学能源存储系统。在汽车被停置的状态时,即电动车还没有准备好行驶时,电池(1)可以根据图1画出的拓扑结构通过外接电源被充电,这里例如为公共交流电网(8)的家庭接口或者直流电充电站(13)。在交流电源(8)和直流电充电站(13)上的同时充电也是可行的。在交流电源上的充电通过将合适的充电电线(9)插在汽车上集成的充电插接装置(6)上。所提供的交流电(7)通过两个交流电-直流电转换器(14、15)被整流并且得到的直流电(18)给电池(1)充电。两个交流电-直流电转换器被设计用于最大输入功率至少为230伏x16安培。直流电充电站(13)通过适合的充电电线(1)和汽车上集成的充电插接装置(10)相连。所提供的直流电(12)给电池(1)充电并且可以通过直流接触器(19)例如由于安全原因或者在充满时被切断。直流接触器(19)和交流电-直流电转换器(15)优选被放置在被称为组合充电单元(20)的外壳中。组合充电单元(20)的外形被这样构造,使得交流电-直流电转换器(15)以可以被机械式拆卸的方式集成到组合充电单元(20)中,例如通过夹持式连接、螺纹连接或者插拔机理。以此充电系统的模块化构造就特别明显了。这样电动车例如就可以以带有或者不带有直流电充电功能的方式被提供,即带有或者不带有组合充电单元(20)。如果汽车配有直流电充电功能,汽车还可以以带有或者不带有快速充电的方式被提供,即带有或者不带有交流电-直流电转换器(15)。在某些国家因为公共交流电网(8)的功率值交流电-直流电转换器(14)总归达不到设计的至少为230伏x16安培的功率极限,例如在美国广泛使用的120伏交流电网就是这种情况。对于那边所有的客户放弃交流电-直流电转换器(15)是成本上的优点,这使带有或者不带有交流电-直流电转换器(15)的国家特定的汽车配置选择成为可能。在这种情况下超过230伏x16安培的交流电-直流电转换器(14)的设计对很多国家并不是功能上的优点,而是成本上的缺点。行程延长器、即发电机(4)和内燃机(5)的组合也可以不依赖于上面示出的变体被可选择地提供。如果发电机(4)和内燃机(5)没有被装在汽车中,就不存在交流电(3)。充电系统会不相关于所选择的变体由控制设备(21)调解、控制和监控。这里所需的通过数据总线实现的通信通道在图1中用点线表示。
附图标记
1 可充电电池
2 电驱动装置
3 第一输出交流电
4 发电机
5 内燃机
6 第一充电插接装置
7 第二输出交流电
8 交流电网
9 第一充电电线
10 第二充电插接装置
11 第二充电电线
12 第一直流电
13 直流电充电站
14 第一交流电-直流电转换器
15 第二交流电-直流电转换器
16 第二直流电
17 直流电-交流电转换器
18 第三直流电
19 直流接触器
20 组合充电单元
21 控制设备
Claims (9)
1.用于为电动车的可充电电池(1)充电的系统,其中电动车配有电驱动装置(2)、产生第一输出交流电(3)的发电机(4)、在电动车行驶过程中可开启的驱动发电机的内燃机(5)和第一电气充电插接装置(6),其特征在于,
-在内燃机启动的情况下,发电机能够至少暂时作为电功率源,用于为电池提供充电功率,
-第一充电插接装置在几何结构上这样设计,使得提供第二输出交流电(7)的单相交流电网(8)能够借助第一充电电线(9)连接到第一充电插接装置,从而在电动车被停置的状态下作为电功率源为电池提供充电功率,
-第一充电插接装置被设计用于最大电压为至少240伏以及最大电流强度为至少32安培的负载,
-在电动车中集成了第二电气充电插接装置(10),在电动车被停置的状态中提供第一直流电(12)的直流电充电站(13)能够借助第二充电电线(11)连接到第二电气充电插接装置,这样在电动车被停置的状态中直流电充电站能够或者单独地或者与单相交流电网同时地作为电功率源用于为电池提供充电功率。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,第一输出交流电由第一交流电-直流电转换器(14)和与第一交流电-直流电转换器并联的第二交流电-直流电转换器(15)整流成第二直流电(16)。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,第二直流电通过接在电驱动装置之前的直流电-交流电转换器(17)为该电驱动装置供给电功率,或者第二直流电通过接在电驱动装置之前的直流电-交流电转换器为该电驱动装置供给电功率并且第二直流电同时给电池充电。
4.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,第二输出交流电由第一交流电-直流电转换器和第二交流电-直流电转换器整流成第三直流电(18)并且第三直流电给电池充电。
5.如权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,第一交流电-直流电转换器被设计用于至少为230伏x16安培的最大输入功率,并且第二交流电-直流电转换器被设计用于至少为230伏x16安培的最大输入功率。
6.如权利要求2至5之一所述的系统,其特征在于,第一直流电能够通过大功率开关、尤其是直流接触器(19)中断。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统,其特征在于,第二交流电-直流电转换器和直流接触器在几何结构上被集成在一个组合充电单元(20)中并且第一交流电-直流电转换器和第二交流电-直流电转换器的并联在组合充电单元外部或者在组合充电单元上实现。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于,组合充电单元、第一交流电-直流电转换器、第一充电插接装置和第二充电插接装置由至少一个控制设备(21)功能性地控制和监控。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统,其特征在于,第一交流电-直流电转换器、组合充电单元、交流电-直流电转换器和控制设备是电动车的组件。
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CN107546793A (zh) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 福特全球技术公司 | 快速充电电池系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2012028508A3 (de) | 2012-06-07 |
EP2611644B1 (de) | 2018-10-10 |
WO2012028508A2 (de) | 2012-03-08 |
US20130175990A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
EP2611644A2 (de) | 2013-07-10 |
US9748795B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
CN103079867B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
DE102010040239A1 (de) | 2012-03-08 |
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