CN106410027B - 柔性显示基板及其制备方法、柔性显示装置 - Google Patents
柔性显示基板及其制备方法、柔性显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种柔性显示基板及其制备方法、柔性显示装置,属于柔性显示技术领域,可解决现有的柔性显示基板中的显示结构在进行激光剥离时容易受到损坏的问题。本发明的柔性显示基板包括:柔性基底和显示结构,以及设于所述柔性基底和所述显示结构之间的反光层。本发明的柔性显示基板的制备方法包括:在基底上形成柔性材料层;在柔性材料层上形成反光层;形成显示结构;通过激光剥离的方式使柔性材料层与基底分离,得到柔性显示基板。本发明适用于柔性显示装置,尤其是柔性顶发射型有机发光二极管显示装置,以及带有低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管的柔性阵列基板。
Description
本案是申请号为“201310439383.8”,申请日为“2013年9月24”,名称为“柔性显示基板及其制备方法、柔性显示装置”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于柔性显示技术领域,具体涉及一种柔性显示基板及其制备方法、柔性显示装置。
背景技术
随着技术的发展,柔性显示装置获得了越来越广泛的应用,柔性显示装置包括有机发光二极管显示装置、电泳显示装置等不同类型。显然,柔性显示装置的显示基板(如柔性有机发光二极管显示装置的柔性阵列基板)的基底必须是柔性基底,而柔性基底主要由聚酰亚胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等有机材料制成。
由于柔性基底易发生变形,故在显示基板的制备过程中,柔性基底的定位、搬运、存储等均比较困难。为此,如图1、图2所示,通常要先在玻璃基底1上形成柔性材料层2,之后依次在柔性材料层2上形成缓冲层4和各种显示结构9(以柔性有机发光二极管显示装置为例,包括薄膜晶体管、数据线、栅线、电容、阳极、阴极、有机发光层、像素界定层等,因这些均是已知结构,故图中未标号),再用紫外激光从玻璃基底1侧照射柔性材料层2,使柔性材料层2与玻璃基底间1的附着力降低并与玻璃基底1分开(即激光剥离),形成独立的柔性显示基板(此时柔性材料层2即成为柔性基底21)。
同时,柔性阵列基板中包括大量的薄膜晶体管,而低温多晶硅(LTPS)薄膜晶体管是薄膜晶体管的一种重要类型,其有源区911由多晶硅构成;该有源区911的制备方法是先形成非晶硅层,之后用紫外激光(准分子激光)从远离玻璃基底1的一侧照射非晶硅层,通过准分子激光退火(ELA)的方式使非晶硅熔融、成核、长大而转变为多晶硅,之后再用多晶硅层形成有源区911。
发明人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题:
首先,在激光剥离的过程中,可能有部分激光穿过柔性材料层照射到显示结构上,从而对显示结构的性能造成影响;例如,若激光照射到薄膜晶体管(尤其是金属氧化物薄膜晶体管)的有源区上,则会引起阈值电压漂移等不良。
其次,对具有低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管的阵列基板,其激光退火过程中可能有激光穿过非晶硅层照射到柔性材料层上,从而对柔性材料层的性能造成破坏,例如造成柔性材料层碳化或与相邻的层(如缓冲层)分离等。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题包括,针对现有的柔性显示基板中的显示结构在进行激光剥离时容易受到损坏的问题,提供一种可避免激光剥离时显示结构受损的柔性显示基板及其制备方法、柔性显示装置。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种柔性显示基板,包括柔性基底和显示结构,以及
设于所述柔性基底和所述显示结构之间的反光层。
其中,“显示结构”是指形成在反光层上方的所有用于进行显示的结构,依照柔性显示基板类型的不同,显示结构可包括:薄膜晶体管、栅线、栅绝缘层、数据线、平坦化层(PLN)、钝化层(PVX)、电容、阳极、阴极、有机发光层、像素界定层(PDL)、彩色滤光膜等。
优选的是,所述反光层为金属反光层;所述反光层与显示结构之间还设有缓冲层。
进一步优选的是,所述金属反光层由铝制成。
进一步优选的是,所述金属反光层的厚度在150nm至300nm之间。
优选的是,所述反光层在与对位标记对应的位置设有开口。
优选的是,所述柔性基底由有机柔性材料制成。
优选的是,所述柔性显示基板为柔性阵列基板;所述显示结构包括低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管。
优选的是,所述柔性显示基板为柔性顶发射型有机发光二极管显示装置的阵列基板。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种柔性显示装置,其包括上述的柔性显示基板。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种柔性显示基板的制备方法,其包括:
在基底上形成柔性材料层;
在柔性材料层上形成反光层;
形成显示结构;
通过激光剥离的方式使柔性材料层与基底分离,得到柔性显示基板。
优选的是,所述反光层为金属反光层;在所述形成金属反光层和形成显示结构之间的步骤,还包括:在所述金属反光层上形成缓冲层。
优选的是,所述金属反光层由铝制成,并通过真空蒸镀工艺形成;所述真空蒸镀工艺的参数为:蒸镀速率大于等于40nm/s,蒸镀气压小于等于1.3×10-4Pa,蒸镀厚度在150nm至300nm之间。
优选的是,在所述形成反光层和形成显示结构之间的步骤,还包括:在所述反光层上与对位标记相对应的位置形成开口。
优选的是,所制备的柔性显示基板为柔性阵列基板,所述显示结构包括低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管;所述形成显示结构包括:形成非晶硅层;通过激光退火将非晶硅层转变为多晶硅层。
本发明的柔性显示基板及其制备方法、柔性显示装置中,在柔性基底(柔性材料层)和显示结构间设有反光层,因此,在激光剥离时,反光层可将穿过柔性材料层的激光反射回去,避免其照射到薄膜晶体管等显示结构,进而避免显示结构受到损伤。
同时,反光层优选为金属材料,而金属材料往往具有较好的水、氧隔绝性能,从而其可以避免水汽、氧气等与显示结构接触,起到保护(类似于封装)显示结构的作用。
另外,对具有低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管的柔性阵列基板,在进行激光退火时,反光层还可将穿过非晶硅层的激光反射回去,从而避免柔性材料层受到损伤。
本发明适用于柔性显示装置,尤其是柔性顶发射型有机发光二极管显示装置,以及带有低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管的柔性阵列基板。
附图说明
图1为现有的一种柔性显示基板的剖面结构示意图;
图2为现有的一种柔性显示基板在制备过程中进行激光剥离时的剖面结构示意图;
图3为本发明的实施例1的一种柔性显示基板的剖面结构示意图;
图4为铝的吸收光谱与反射光谱的曲线;
图5为本发明的实施例1的一种柔性显示基板在制备过程中在反光层上开口后的俯视结构示意图;
图6为本发明的实施例1的一种柔性显示基板在制备过程中进行激光退火时的剖面结构示意图;
图7为本发明的实施例1的一种柔性显示基板在制备过程中进行激光剥离时的剖面结构示意图;
其中附图标记为:1、玻璃基底;2、柔性材料层;21、柔性基底;3、反光层;31、开口;4、缓冲层;8、对位标记;9、显示结构;91、非晶硅层;911、有源区。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1:
如图3至图7所示,本实施例提供一种柔性显示基板,其包括:
柔性基底21;
设于柔性基底21上的反光层3;
设于所述反光层3上方的显示结构9。
其中,“显示结构9”是指形成在反光层3上方的所有用于进行显示的结构。依照柔性显示基板类型的不同,显示结构9可包括:薄膜晶体管、栅线、栅绝缘层、数据线、平坦化层(PLN)、钝化层(PVX)、电容、阳极、阴极、有机发光层、像素界定层(PDL)、彩色滤光膜等。
本实施例的柔性显示基板中,在柔性基底21和显示结构9间设有反光层3,因此,如图7所示,在激光剥离时,反光层3可将穿过柔性材料层2的激光反射回去,避免其照射到薄膜晶体管等显示结构9,从而避免显示结构9的性能受到影响。同时,金属反光层往往具有较好的水、氧隔绝性能,从而可以避免水汽、氧气等与显示结构9接触,起到保护显示结构9的作用。
优选的,本实施例以柔性顶发射型有机发光二极管显示装置的阵列基板作为柔性显示基板的例子,即柔性显示基板中包括驱动电路(开关薄膜晶体管、驱动薄膜晶体管、电容等)、栅线、数据线、阴极、阳极、有机发光层、像素界定层等结构,且其是从远离柔性基底21的一侧出光。
如图3所示,反光层3可将由有机发光层发出并射向柔性基底21的光反射回去,从而提高柔性显示基板的出光效率;另外,所述柔性显示基板优选为柔性阵列基板,所述柔性阵列基板中包括大量的薄膜晶体管,而薄膜晶体管(尤其是金属氧化物薄膜晶体管)的有源区911是最易在激光剥离过程中受到影响的显示结构9,故反光层3对于阵列基板可起到最大的保护作用。
优选的,对于柔性阵列基板(不限于有机发光二极管显示装置中使用),其中优选使用低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管,即薄膜晶体管的有源区911由低温多晶硅材料构成。
对于低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管,其中的多晶硅有源区911是通过先形成非晶硅层91,再激光退火将非晶硅层91转变为多晶硅层的方法形成的;在激光退火过程中,可能有部分激光穿过非晶硅层91,从而对柔性基底21造成破坏;此时,反光层3还可将这些激光反射回去,避免柔性基底21在激光退火中受损。
当然,应当理解,本发明的柔性显示基板中的薄膜晶体管也不限于低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管。
优选的,所述柔性基底21由有机柔性材料制成;更优选由聚酰亚胺或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制成。一方面,由有机柔性材料制成的柔性基底21技术成熟,更为常用;另一方面,有机柔性材料也更易受到激光的破坏,因此本实施例中优选采用有机柔性材料制造柔性基底21。当然,如果采用不锈钢等无机材料作为柔性基底21,也是可行的。
优选的,反光层3为金属反光层,且显示结构9与反光层3间还设有缓冲层4。
金属是最常见的反光材料,成本低,其本身不易受激光破坏,且将金属通过蒸镀等制成薄膜的工艺方法比较成熟,因此优选用金属材料制成反光层3。
而由于金属材料是导电的,故当用其制备反光层3时还需要在其上形成缓冲层4,以免金属反光层将有源区911、栅线、数据线等显示结构9直接导通。
其中,缓冲层4可由氮化硅(SiNx)、氧化硅(SiO2)等已知的无机材料制成,厚度优选在250-400nm,缓冲层4除起绝缘作用外,还可起到降低表面粗糙度,改善显示结构9与柔性基底21的结合等作用;由于在常规显示基板中也有缓冲层4,故在此不再对其进行详细描述。
当然,应当理解,反光层3也可由其他不导电的材料制成(如高分子材料制成的反光层),此时则可以不设置缓冲层4。
更优选的,金属反光层由铝制成。
在激光剥离、激光退火等工艺中使用的通常为波长308nm的紫外激光,而在常用的金属材料中,铝对紫外光波长范围内的光有较高的反射率(其反射/吸收曲线如图4所示),因此优选可用铝制备反光层3。在图4中可见,铝材料在紫外光波长范围(4~380nm)内具有较高的反射率(对应左侧反射率坐标)和吸收率(对应右侧吸收率坐标),从而其可最大限度的阻止紫外线透过。
当然,应当理解,如果采用其他紫外区反射率高的金属或合金制备金属反光层也是可行的,例如,铑(Rh)也具有较高的紫外区反射率;且如果使用铜、银等常规的金属(其紫外区反射率相对较低)也是可行的。
进一步优选的,金属反光层(以铝反光层为例)的厚度在150~300nm。
显然,越厚的反光层3反光效果越好,但反光层3厚度过大也会造成柔性降低、附着力下降、成本升高等问题。经研究发现,对于金属反光层,上述厚度范围既可起到较好的反光效果,又不会对其他性能产生明显不良影响。
优选的,如图5所示,反光层3在与对位标记8对应的位置设有开口31。
在显示基板的制备过程中,构图工艺、芯片绑定(IC bonding)工艺等步骤均需要进行精确的对位,通常的对位方法是在支撑玻璃基板1的基台中设置对位标记8,通过柔性材料层2等(因这些层都是透明的)可看到该对位标记8,从而进行对位。而在本实施例中,反光层3不透光,会挡住对位标记8使其不可见,因此需要在反光层3中与对位标记8相对应的位置设置开口31。
本实施例还提供一种柔性显示装置,其包括上述的柔性显示基板。
本实施例的柔性显示装置除包括上述的柔性显示基板外,还可包括封装基板等其他结构,其优选是柔性顶发射型有机发光二极管显示装置,当然其他类型的柔性显示装置也是可行的。
本实施例还提供一种上述柔性显示基板的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
S01、准备基底。
该基底可为玻璃基底1等常规的硬质基底。
S02、在基底上形成柔性材料层2。
该柔性材料层2优选为有机柔性材料层2,例如聚酰亚胺或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制成的层。
该柔性材料层2可采用涂布等常规方法制造,在后续的激光剥离步骤中,柔性材料层2会与玻璃基底1分离,从而成为柔性显示基板的柔性基底21。
S03、在柔性材料层2上形成反光层3。
优选的,该反光层3为金属反光层;更优选为铝反光层。
对于金属反光层,其优选采用真空蒸镀的方法制造。
具体的,对于铝反光层,其真空蒸镀工艺的参数优选为:蒸镀速率大于等于40nm/s,蒸镀气压小于等于1.3×10-4Pa,蒸镀厚度在150nm至300nm之间。
由于铝在蒸镀时比较容易氧化而形成氧化铝,故其优选采用较高的蒸镀速度和较低的气压以减少氧化。
当然,对于其他材料的反光层3,也可采用贴附等其他方法制备。
S04、优选的,如图5所示,在反光层3上与对位标记8相对应的位置形成开口31。
也就是说,通过构图工艺在反光层3上与对位标记8(可设于制成玻璃基底1的基台中)相对的位置形成开口31,从而露出对位标记8,以便在后续步骤中进行对位。
S05、优选的,在金属反光层上形成缓冲层4。
当反光层3为金属反光层时,为避免其将各种显示结构9直接导通,故需要在其上形成其绝缘作用的缓冲层4。
其中,缓冲层4通常为由氮化硅、氧化硅等已知材料构成的无机层(例如由氮化硅、氧化硅的混合材料制成);厚度可在250~400nm;其可由等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(PECVD)制备,沉积所使用的反应气体可为SiH4,NH3、N2的混合气体,或SiH4、NO2、N2的混合气体。
由于缓冲层4的材料、厚度、制备工艺等是已知的,故在此不再详细描述。
当然,如果反光层3是不导电的材料,则也可免去形成缓冲层4的步骤(当然也可形成,以改善显示结构9的结合性能)。
S06、优选的,形成非晶硅层91。
其中,非晶硅层91可通过化学气相沉积的方法形成,厚度优选在40~60nm。
S07、优选的,如图6所示,通过激光退火(准分子激光退火)使非晶硅层91转变为多晶硅层。
其中,激光退火中使用的激光优选为紫外激光,其最优选波长为308nm。
如图6所示,在激光退火过程中,由于反光层3的存在,故穿过非晶硅层91的激光会被反光层3反射回去,而不会照射到柔性材料层2上,也就不会对柔性材料层2产生破坏。
按照本实施例的方法所制备的薄膜晶体管的有源区911靠近缓冲层4,即其属于“顶栅型薄膜晶体管”,但显然,底栅型薄膜晶体管也适用于本发明,区别在于其制备是需要先形成栅极/栅线、栅绝缘层等结构,再制备非晶硅层91。
应当理解,若本实施例的方法制造的柔性阵列基板中使用的是金属氧化物薄膜晶体管等其他类型薄膜晶体管,也是可行的,此时其只要形成金属氧化物层即可,而不必进行激光退火。
S08、继续形成其他显示结构9。
具体的,本步骤包括可:通过构图工艺用多晶硅层形成有源区911,以及继续形成栅绝缘层、栅极/栅线、源/漏极、钝化层、数据线、平坦化层、阳极、像素界定层、有机发光层、阴极、彩色滤光膜等。
显然,本步骤中形成的显示结构9的具体种类、结构、位置,以及形成这些显示结构9所用的工艺、顺序、参数等是根据柔性显示基板类型的不同而不同的,但这些均属于已知技术,故在此不再详细描述。
S09、如图7所示,对柔性材料层2进行激光剥离,得到柔性显示基板。
也就是说,用紫外激光(优选波长308nm)从玻璃基底1一侧照射柔性材料层2,使柔性材料层2及其上的所有结构从玻璃基底1上脱离下来,成为独立的柔性显示基板,此时柔性材料层2就是柔性显示基板的柔性基底21。
如图7所示,在激光剥离过程中,由于反光层3的存在,故穿过柔性材料层2的激光会被反光层3反射回去,而不会照射到薄膜晶体管等显示结构9上,也就不会对显示结构9产生破坏。
在按照本实施例的方法制造的柔性显示基板中,金属反光层具有良好的隔氧、隔水性能,故可起到保护显示结构9的作用。同时,若所制造的是柔性顶发射型有机发光二极管显示装置的阵列基板,则如图3所示,反光层3还可将射向柔性基底21的光反射回去,从而提高其出光率。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种柔性显示基板,包括柔性基底和显示结构,其特征在于,所述柔性显示基板为柔性阵列基板,所述显示结构包括薄膜晶体管、栅线、栅绝缘层、数据线、钝化层、像素界定层、阳极、阴极和有机发光层,其中所述薄膜晶体管为顶栅型的低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管;
所述柔性显示基板还包括:
设于所述柔性基底和所述显示结构之间的反光层;该反光层用于在对所述柔性基底进行激光剥离时,对穿过所述柔性基底的激光进行反射;
所述反光层还用于在制作所述显示结构时,对激光退火过程中穿过非晶硅层的激光进行反射;
所述反光层在与对位标记对应的位置设有开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性显示基板,其特征在于,
所述反光层为金属反光层;
所述反光层与显示结构之间还设有缓冲层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的柔性显示基板,其特征在于,
所述金属反光层由铝制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的柔性显示基板,其特征在于,
所述金属反光层的厚度在150nm至300nm之间。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的柔性显示基板,其特征在于,
所述柔性基底由有机柔性材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的柔性显示基板,其特征在于,
所述柔性显示基板为柔性顶发射型有机发光二极管显示装置的阵列基板。
7.一种柔性显示装置,其特征在于,包括:
权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的柔性显示基板。
8.一种柔性显示基板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
在基底上形成柔性材料层;
在柔性材料层上形成反光层;
在所述反光层上与对位标记相对应的位置形成开口;
形成显示结构;其中,所述显示结构包括薄膜晶体管、栅线、栅绝缘层、数据线、钝化层、像素界定层、阳极、阴极和有机发光层,所述薄膜晶体管为顶栅型的低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管;
通过激光剥离的方式使柔性材料层与基底分离,得到柔性显示基板,该柔性显示基板为柔性阵列基板;
其中,所述形成显示结构包括:
形成非晶硅层;
通过激光退火将非晶硅层转变为多晶硅层;
在对所述柔性材料层进行激光剥离时,所述反光层对穿过所述柔性材料层的激光进行反射;
在所述形成显示结构过程中,所述反光层对激光退火过程中穿过非晶硅层的激光进行反射。
9.根据权利要求8所述的柔性显示基板的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述反光层为金属反光层;
在所述形成金属反光层和形成显示结构之间,还包括:在所述金属反光层上形成缓冲层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的柔性显示基板的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述金属反光层由铝制成,并通过真空蒸镀工艺形成;所述真空蒸镀工艺的参数为:蒸镀速率大于等于40nm/s,蒸镀气压小于等于1.3×10-4Pa,蒸镀厚度在150nm至300nm之间。
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