CN106234208B - A kind of fast breeding method of odor type top grade high-grade rice - Google Patents

A kind of fast breeding method of odor type top grade high-grade rice Download PDF

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CN106234208B
CN106234208B CN201610638010.7A CN201610638010A CN106234208B CN 106234208 B CN106234208 B CN 106234208B CN 201610638010 A CN201610638010 A CN 201610638010A CN 106234208 B CN106234208 B CN 106234208B
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rice
grade
grain
plant
kernel
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CN106234208A (en
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游艾青
周雷
李三和
刘凯
杨国才
陈志军
徐华山
闸雯俊
李培德
方国成
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Hubei Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Institute Of Food Crops
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/6895Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for plants, fungi or algae
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/13Plant traits

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fast breeding method of odor type top grade high-grade rice, step is:Select the dulcet kind A of elongated grain and the kind B of the white high grade of transparency of low chalk to hybridize first, obtain single cross F1, reestablish diplomatic relations to obtain the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations using its kind C as male parent and high mass of 1000 kernel1.To the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations1Individual plant carries out scent gene molecular marker assisted selection and economical character screening in seedling stage, filters out and carries out Anther Culture with the excellent individual plant of scent gene and economical character, obtains H0For Anther cultural population, diploid strain is filtered out;In H1In generation, carries out quality trait screening, it is additionally carried out yield and resistance is investigated, finally filters out savory, more than mass of 1000 kernel 25g, long more than the 7mm of the grain of rice, length-width ratio more than 3.5, amylose 13 18%, chalky grain rate not higher than 10%, chalkiness degree not higher than 1%, 1 grade of transparency, the odor type top grade Fine Quality Rice Variety of head rice rate more than 45%.

Description

A kind of fast breeding method of odor type top grade high-grade rice
Technical field
The invention belongs to molecular cell field of plant variety breeding technology, and in particular to a kind of odor type top grade high-grade rice it is quick Breeding method.
Background technology
China is world's Rice Production and consumption big country, within the quite a long time in past, to solve short-commons, Pay attention to yield, ignore the phenomenon of quality than more prominent.With increasing substantially for China's grain production capacity, people's living standard Continuous improvement and domestic and international market competition aggravation, become increasingly conspicuous the problem of rice quality difference, have become rice life Produce the major obstacle of development.
At present acknowledged good-quality rice variety refer to the physical and chemical quality of rice is excellent, the grain of rice is elongated, outward appearance crystal clear, A kind of rice varieties that palatability is good, commodity price is high, can be compared favourably with THAI Fragrant rice.Many years of experience shows, this veriety Amylose content is mostly 13%-17%, gel consistence 65-85mm, length-width ratio more than 3.4.The physical and chemical index of good-quality rice variety It is not quite identical with GB standard.Good-quality rice variety kind while polished rice physical and chemical index is focused on, more focus on exterior quality and Palatability, accomplish good-looking nicier.By the scientific research of nearly more than 20 years, the rice breeding man in China was bred as having authorized one A little good-quality rice variety kinds.Such as Grain Crop Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences is authorized in March, 2004 by Hubei Province Good-quality rice variety kind Hubei Province in No. 5, through food quality inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Wuhan) determine:Head rice rate 60.0%, chalk Rice rate 0.0%, chalkiness degree 0.0%, grain of rice length-width ratio 3.6, amylose content 15.1%, in addition to amylose content, its Remaining index exceedes national standard primary standard.Outward appearance and food flavor can match in excellence or beauty with import THAI Fragrant rice, turn into Hubei Province's rice at present Processing enterprise develops the govern-house-variety of high-grade superior rice.
Investigated according to China's rice market supply and demand, high-grade edible rice accounts for more than the 10% of the market share, in Hubei Province extremely 200,000 hm can be planted less2;And at present No. 5 in Hubei Province, Jianzhen No. 2, E Xiang 1,4 kinds such as Hunan evening Xian 13 add up to cultivated area not 60,000 hm of foot2.With the continuous improvement of our people's living standard, consumption idea is constantly updating, to the quality requirements of rice Also more and more higher.The kind supply of good-quality rice variety far can not production development demand, it has also become China good-quality rice variety The bottleneck problem of industrialized development.Rice matter, yield and resistance of rice varieties etc. still suffer from contradiction, particularly good-quality rice variety with The yield gap of common rice is larger, largely constrains the development of grain quality rice, thus further coordinate high-quality, high yield with it is more Anti- contradiction, it is the main target of current rice varieties improvement work.China's rice breeding method is more primary using yield at present Target, and the primary goal of good-quality rice variety is quality, while yield and resistance are taken into account, China is also without high-grade high-quality at present The report of rice breeding objectives and method.The property such as grain length-width ratio, amylose content, chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree in quality Shape is all the quantitative character of controlled by multiple genes, how these characters to be selected in breeding and rapid polymerization is current breeding Technically need to study and solve the problems, such as.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is of less types for China's good-quality rice variety, does not have systematic good-quality rice variety seed selection theoretical With the present situation of method, there is provided a kind of breeding cycle it is short, spend it is less, be not easy by environment and interference from human factor, cultivate efficiency The fast breeding method of higher odor type top grade high-grade rice.
To realize object above, technical solution of the invention is:
A kind of fast breeding method of odor type top grade high-grade rice, comprises the following steps:
The first step:Hybridized with the elongated savory rice varieties A and rice varieties B of the white high grade of transparency of low chalk, obtain single cross F1(A/B)
Seed;Described dolichostenomelia must be grain of rice length-width ratio >=4.0;
It must be chalky grain rate≤10% and chalkiness degree≤1% that described low chalk refers in vain;
The described high grade of transparency is 1 grade of transparency.
Second step:Plant above-mentioned single cross F1(A/B) seed, first-filial generation F is obtained1(A/B) plant;With F1(A/B) plant is Male parent and the rice varieties C of high mass of 1000 kernel hybridize, and obtain the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations1(C//A/B) seed;
Described high mass of 1000 kernel refer to must be the grain of rice mass of 1000 kernel >=30g.
3rd step:Plant the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations1(C//A/B) seed, the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations is obtained1(C//A/B) individual plant;Carry out scent gene molecule Marker assisted selection and economical character are investigated, and are filtered out with the excellent individual plant of scent gene and agronomy Comprehensive Traits, are being eared Pollen mid-late uninucleate stage before blooming takes flower pesticide, then carries out Anther Culture, the H stablized after Anther Culture0Seville orange flower trains strain System;
Described agronomy Comprehensive Traits include plant height, heading stage, available tillering, the number of blade, openness angle of flag leaf, length, width Degree, blade hold multiple characteristic indexs such as green property, spike number, spike length, grain number per spike, fringe bear fruit grains, mass of 1000 kernel, and indication range is by growing area Domain, the then Multiple factors such as water and soil fat gas influence, and using local main breed as control, and belong to conventional breeding content, belong to this Field routine techniques.
4th step:To H0Seville orange flower training strain is observed, and monoploid and polyploid plant is rejected, to filter out normal two Times body H0Seville orange flower trains strain;
5th step:To the H after above-mentioned select0Training strain is spent in H for diploid1In generation, carries out quality trait screening, carries out simultaneously Yield and resistance are investigated, and finally filter out savory, more than mass of 1000 kernel 25g, long more than the 7mm of the grain of rice, length-width ratio more than 3.5, straight Chain starch 13-18%, chalky grain rate are not higher than 10%, chalkiness degree not higher than 1%, 1 grade of transparency, head rice rate more than 45% Odor type top grade Fine Quality Rice Variety.
In the process described above, it is preferred that described elongated savory rice varieties A is that beautiful pin is fragrant;
The rice varieties B of the described white high grade of transparency of low chalk is No. 5 in Hubei Province;
The rice varieties C of described high mass of 1000 kernel is beautiful crystalline substance 91.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
What the 1st, " a kind of fast breeding method of odor type good-quality rice variety " of the invention was initiative proposes high-grade high-grade rice Breeding objective and method, compensate for the blank of domestic good-quality rice variety breeding method;
2nd, due to utilizing molecular marker assisted selection simultaneously in a kind of fast breeding method of odor type good-quality rice variety of the present invention With reference to training technology is spent, the deficiency of existing rice pyramiding breeding year limit for length is also overcomed.Therefore breeding cycle of the present invention is shorter.It is conventional Method needs 6-8, and this method only needs 2-3, and the cycle is short, so spending few.
3rd, because a kind of fast breeding method of odor type good-quality rice variety of the present invention will hybridize, reestablish diplomatic relations, molecular labeling auxiliary The technologies such as selection, Anther Culture, character screening carry out organic integration, substantially increase cultivation efficiency, can be obtained in 3 years New odor type good-quality rice variety;The quality trait of three parental breeds to reestablishing diplomatic relations proposes requirement, does not obtain only excellent Progeny material adds genetic background basis, considerably increases the probability for obtaining good-quality rice variety.Therefore the present invention not only cultivates Efficiency is higher, the easy preferable genetic background of acquisition is basic, and cultivation period is shorter, cost is relatively low, is very suitable for China's height The practice of shelves grain quality rice breeding needs.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is the ordinary skill in the art if not otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of fast breeding method of odor type top grade high-grade rice, comprises the steps:
The first step:First Year summer, Wuhan, with the water of the savory kind of elongated rate " beautiful pin is fragrant " and the white high grade of transparency of low chalk Rice varieties " in Hubei Province No. 5 " hybridize, and obtain single cross F1(A/B) seed;
Second step:In Second Year spring, Hainan, plant above-mentioned single cross F1(A/B) seed, first-filial generation F is obtained1(A/B) plant Strain;With F1(A/B) plant is that " beautiful crystalline substance 91 " hybridizes, and obtains the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations for the kind of male parent and high mass of 1000 kernel1(C//A/B) seed;
3rd step:In Second Year summer, Wuhan, plant the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations1(C//A/B) seed, the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations is obtained1(C//A/B) individual plant; Progress scent gene molecular marker assisted selection (method and primer refer to Bradbury L M T, Henry R J, Jin Q S, Reinke R F,Waters D LE.A perfect marker for fragrance genotyping in rice.Mol Breed,2005,16:279-283) investigate, filtered out with the excellent individual plant of scent gene and economical character with economical character, Pollen mid-late uninucleate stage before heading is bloomed takes flower pesticide, then carries out Anther Culture, the H stablized after Anther Culture0Generation Flower training strain;
4th step:3rd year spring, Hainan, to H0Seville orange flower training strain is observed, and rejects haplobiont and more times Body plant, to filter out normal diploid H0Seville orange flower trains strain;
5th step:3rd year summer, Wuhan, to the H after above-mentioned select0Training strain is spent in H for diploid1In generation, carries out quality Character screening, while carry out yield and resistance and investigate, finally filter out savory, more than mass of 1000 kernel 25g, long more than the 7mm of the grain of rice, Length-width ratio more than 3.5, amylose 13-18%, chalky grain rate are not higher than 10%, chalkiness degree is not higher than 1%, 1 grade of transparency, whole The odor type top grade Fine Quality Rice Variety of polished rice rate more than 45%.
The rice varieties " beautiful pin is fragrant " of the first step are Hunan Rice Research Institute's seed selection and passed through Hunan with 2008 The conventional good-quality rice variety kind of authorization is saved, outstanding advantages are savory, and grain of rice speciality, length-width ratio reaches 4.9;" in Hubei Province No. five " It is the cereal crops research institute seed selection of academy of agricultural sciences of Hubei Province in the conventional good-quality rice variety kind authorized by Hubei Province in 2004, dashes forward It is that chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree are all 0 to go out advantage;" brilliant jade 91 " is Hunan Rice Research Institute's choosing to rice varieties in second step Educate and with 2015 by Hunan Province authorize conventional good-quality rice variety kind, outstanding advantages are that mass of 1000 kernel is big, reach 32.7g.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of fast breeding method of odor type top grade high-grade rice, comprises the following steps:
The first step:Hybridized with the elongated savory kind A and rice varieties B of the white high grade of transparency of low chalk, obtain single cross F1(A/B) plant Son;Described dolichostenomelia must be grain of rice length-width ratio >=4.0;
It must be chalky grain rate≤10% and chalkiness degree≤1% that described low chalk refers in vain;
The described high grade of transparency is 1 grade of transparency;
Second step:Plant above-mentioned single cross F1(A/B) seed, first-filial generation F is obtained1(A/B) plant;With F1(A/B) plant is father The kind C of sheet and high mass of 1000 kernel hybridizes, and obtains the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations1(C//A/B) seed;
Described high mass of 1000 kernel refer to must be the grain of rice mass of 1000 kernel >=30g;
3rd step:Plant the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations1(C//A/B) seed, the F that reestablishes diplomatic relations is obtained1(C//A/B) individual plant;Carry out scent gene molecular labeling Assisted Selection and economical character are investigated, and are filtered out with the excellent individual plant of scent gene and agronomy Comprehensive Traits, are bloomed in heading Preceding pollen mid-late uninucleate stage takes flower pesticide, then carries out Anther Culture, the H stablized after Anther Culture0Seville orange flower trains strain;
4th step:To H0Seville orange flower training strain is observed, and monoploid and polyploid plant is rejected, to filter out normal diploid H0Seville orange flower trains strain;
5th step:To the H after above-mentioned select0Training strain is spent in H for diploid1In generation, carries out quality trait screening, while carries out yield Investigated with resistance, finally filter out savory, more than mass of 1000 kernel 25g, long more than the 7mm of the grain of rice, length-width ratio more than 3.5, straight chain Starch 13-18%, chalky grain rate are not higher than 10%, chalkiness degree not higher than 1%, 1 grade of transparency, the odor type of head rice rate more than 45% High-grade Fine Quality Rice Variety.
2. according to the method for claim 1, described elongated savory kind A is that beautiful pin is fragrant;Described low chalk is white high saturating The rice varieties B of lightness is No. 5 in Hubei Province;The kind C of described high mass of 1000 kernel is beautiful crystalline substance 91.
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CN106982733B (en) * 2017-02-20 2018-10-19 浙江大学 A kind of selection of pink blade rice varieties
CN109618916A (en) * 2019-02-02 2019-04-16 福建农林大学 A kind of selection of long grain odor type High quality glutinous rice conventional variety
CN109757359B (en) * 2019-03-20 2022-07-19 湖北中香农业科技股份有限公司 Method for cultivating high-quality fragrant long-grain japonica rice
CN111567400A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-08-25 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 Method for efficiently breeding high-yield high-quality fragrant long-grain japonica rice

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