CN106134740B - Method for improving acid-aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acid soil by applying melatonin - Google Patents
Method for improving acid-aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acid soil by applying melatonin Download PDFInfo
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- CN106134740B CN106134740B CN201610532724.XA CN201610532724A CN106134740B CN 106134740 B CN106134740 B CN 106134740B CN 201610532724 A CN201610532724 A CN 201610532724A CN 106134740 B CN106134740 B CN 106134740B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the acid and aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acid soil by applying melatonin. The method comprises the following steps: planting alfalfa in acid soil, and performing irrigation and drainage of water, topdressing of seedling fertilizer and intertillage weeding according to weather; ② mixing melatonin and monopotassium phosphate into an aqueous solution product, wherein the melatonin is 150 mu ml/L, and the monopotassium phosphate is 0.35 percent; and thirdly, when the height of the alfalfa plant is 10cm, spraying the aqueous solution product on the leaf surface of the alfalfa, wherein the spraying frequency is 10 days for 1 time, and the spraying frequency is 2 times, and the application amount of the aqueous solution product per mu is 45-55L each time. The melatonin is an amine hormone, is non-toxic and harmless to plants and animals, has small leaf surface spraying dosage, quick response and strong operability, can remarkably promote the growth of alfalfa under the stress of aluminum acid, increases the chlorophyll content and improves the yield and the quality of the alfalfa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to pasture production and management, in particular to a method for improving the acid and aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acid soil by applying melatonin.
Background
Acid soil refers to soil with a pH value lower than 7.0, and for agricultural production, the soil with a pH value lower than 6.6 in a plough layer is acid soil. The acid soil accounts for 40% of the total arable land, accounts for about 21% of the land area in China, is widely distributed in southern red and yellow soil areas, and the area of the acid soil is continuously increased along with the deterioration of the environment. Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the crust of the earth, and accounts for about 7% of the crust mass. Under natural conditions, it exists mainly as aluminosilicate with little bioavailability. In recent years, soil is acidified due to the use of agricultural fertilizers and the influence of acid rain, a large amount of indissolvable aluminum in acid soil is dissolved out in an ionic state and is in an active state, the concentration of soluble aluminum is increased, physiological and biochemical processes in crops are destroyed, the growth of the crops is inhibited, and the yield of the crops is reduced. Therefore, crop aluminum toxicity caused by soil acidification has become a focus of global biological and environmental scientific attention.
Melatonin was first a small molecule neuroendocrine hormone found and widely present in animals and was an indole tryptamine compound with the chemical name of N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine. Are involved in the physiological regulation of vertebrates, including circadian rhythm and photoperiodic response. In the field of animals, melatonin is not only a hormone, but also can directly remove various free radicals in different forms, and has the effects of improving the immunity of the organism and delaying aging.
The alfalfa is a high-quality perennial pasture of leguminous alfalfa, has developed root system, thick main root, strong cold resistance, drought resistance and regeneration capacity, high nutritional value and good palatability, is preferred by various livestock, and is praised as the king of pasture. According to determination, the dry matter of the alfalfa contains 15-25% of crude protein and 1.05-1.38% of lysine, and is 1-1.5 times and 4-5 times higher than that of the corn respectively. Alfalfa is both a soil-improving crop and an important plant for maintaining water and soil. The root system of the alfalfa is deeply buried, and the rhizobia of the alfalfa can fix nitrogen in the air, so that the nitrogen content of the soil is obviously increased. In addition, a large number of stubbles can be left in the soil, so that a large number of organic matters are added to the soil, the soil is improved, the fertilizer is applied, and the yield of the succeeding crops is increased. Alfalfa has a very long flowering phase and is also an important honey source plant.
Due to the development of domestic animal husbandry, the planting area of alfalfa in China is continuously enlarged in recent years, but the alfalfa is mainly concentrated in the northern area, and the planting area in the southern area is relatively small. The reason is that alfalfa is sensitive to acid, the growth of soil with pH value of 6.5-7.5 is suitable, and when the pH value of the soil is lower than 6.0, the growth of alfalfa is affected, and a large amount of rhizobia cannot normally breed and survive. When the pH of the soil is lower than 4.5, the normal growth of the alfalfa is seriously inhibited, and even the plant is dead, so that the wide-area popularization and planting on the acid soil are difficult. In recent years, with the rapid development of animal husbandry in southern areas, particularly the rapid development of dairy cattle industry, the demand for high-protein high-quality pasture alfalfa is gradually increased, but alfalfa is sensitive to acid soil, and the planting of alfalfa in southern areas is seriously influenced. The influence of lower pH level and higher active aluminum of acid soil on the alfalfa is that the initial reaction is to inhibit the germination of alfalfa seeds and the growth and development of seedlings, further inhibit the growth of alfalfa root systems, and therefore inhibit the absorption of water and nutrients, and the overground part growth is hindered due to long-time aluminum stress.
The breeding method is long in period required for improving the aluminum-resistant capability of the alfalfa, and the method is difficult to adapt to the requirements of promoting the planting of the alfalfa in acid soil in the south and developing the animal husbandry in a short period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the acid and aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acid soil by applying melatonin aiming at the influence of aluminum stress in acid soil in south on the growth and development of alfalfa, which can promote the growth of alfalfa and improve the acid and aluminum resistance of alfalfa.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for improving the acid aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acid soil by applying melatonin comprises the following steps:
planting alfalfa in acid soil, and performing irrigation and drainage of water, topdressing of seedling fertilizer and intertillage weeding according to weather;
② mixing melatonin and monopotassium phosphate into an aqueous solution product, wherein the melatonin is 150 mu ml/L, and the monopotassium phosphate is 0.35 percent;
and thirdly, when the height of the alfalfa plant is 10cm, spraying the aqueous solution product on the leaf surface of the alfalfa, wherein the spraying frequency is 10 days for 1 time, and the spraying frequency is 2 times, and the application amount of the aqueous solution product per mu is 45-55L each time.
The alfalfa planting method comprises the following steps:
A. soaking alfalfa seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.15% for disinfection for 5min at room temperature, taking out the seeds, draining, and drying in the air;
B. ploughing and leveling soil, applying a base fertilizer, and then drilling seeds on a leveled terrace bed;
C. keeping the soil of the terrace bed moist to promote seed germination, and performing irrigation and drainage of moisture, additional application of seedling fertilizer and intertillage weeding according to the weather.
The step B is as follows: deeply ploughing the soil, applying 35 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 45 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizers, uniformly spreading the base fertilizers into the soil for disinfection by using a mechanical rotary tillage method, uniformly spraying 3 kg/mu of carbofuran with the mass concentration of 3% and 1.5 kg/mu of fenaminosulf wettable powder with the mass concentration of 75% into the soil, leveling and simultaneously spraying the pre-emergence herbicide, sowing alfalfa seeds in 9 months in autumn, sowing in lines according to the amount of 1-1.5 kg/mu, and covering fine soil for about 0.5cm after sowing.
And C, in the step C, intertillage weeding and topdressing are combined for one time of seedling fertilizer in two weeks after seedling emergence.
Although melatonin is found in plants for a long time, the content of the melatonin is only low and is at the level of ng/g, and people do not pay attention to the melatonin; however, it has been found that the melatonin content in some medicinal plants is very high and even reaches the level of μ g/g in the seeds. In addition, research shows that the melatonin can promote the growth of plants and the generation of lateral roots and improve the stress resistance (low temperature, salt and alkali stress, water stress and the like) of the plants. In any case, melatonin is an endogenous amine hormone, is nontoxic, harmless and residue-free to plants and animals, and can be widely applied to agricultural production. Based on this, the invention creatively applies melatonin as the main effective component in the growing process of the alfalfa, and the product of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used as an auxiliary material, and the invention is found to obtain the following positive effects compared with the prior art:
firstly, melatonin is an amine hormone, and is non-toxic and harmless to plants and animals;
secondly, the spraying dosage of the leaf surface is less, the effect is fast, and the operability is strong;
the growth of the alfalfa under the stress of aluminum sulfate can be remarkably promoted, the chlorophyll content of the alfalfa is increased, and the crude protein and crude fat content of the alfalfa are improved, so that the yield and the quality of the alfalfa are improved;
and fourthly, the problem of poor growth and development of the alfalfa in the acid soil can be effectively solved, and a technical support is provided for the popularization and the planting of the alfalfa in the acid soil in the south.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of melatonin on the elevation of alfalfa plants under aluminum stress.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of melatonin on chlorophyll content of alfalfa under aluminum stress.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings as follows:
structural formula of melatonin
The structural formula of melatonin is shown as formula 1:
second, example
1. Planting alfalfa
A. Sterilizing alfalfa seeds
Selecting seeds of 'Juneng 995' of a commercial alfalfa variety as materials, soaking the seeds of the alfalfa variety in a beaker filled with 0.15 percent (by mass) of potassium permanganate solution at room temperature for sterilization for 5min, and then fishing out the seeds and draining;
B. seeding
The test field is yellow soil, and the pH value is 5.5-6.0. Deeply ploughing the land before sowing, applying 35 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 45 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizers, then carrying out rotary tillage by using a machine, uniformly spraying 3 kg/mu of 3% carbofuran and 1.5 kg/mu of 75% fenaminosulf wettable powder into the soil for disinfection, and then leveling and simultaneously spraying a pre-emergence herbicide; sowing in 9 months in autumn, performing drill sowing according to the amount of 1-1.5 kg/mu, and covering fine soil about 0.5cm after sowing;
C. seedling management
Keeping the soil of the lawn bed moist to promote seed germination, after the seeds emerge, reasonably draining and irrigating the seeds according to the weather conditions, and topdressing the seedling fertilizer once in combination with intertillage weeding about two weeks after emergence;
2. administration of melatonin solutions
When the height of the alfalfa seedlings is about 10cm, selecting the morning on a sunny day, spraying a mixed aqueous solution containing 150 mu ml/L of melatonin and 0.35% of monopotassium phosphate on the leaves, spraying 45-55L of mixed liquid per mu, spraying for 1 time in 10 days, and spraying for 2 times in total; meanwhile, a control group is set up, and the same amount of tap water is sprayed; and (3) after the foliage spraying solution is treated for 7 days, a five-point sampling method is adopted to determine the plant height, the chlorophyll content, the crude protein and the crude fat.
The results obtained for the melatonin aqueous mixture treatment and the control group according to the above procedure are shown in table 1 and fig. 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 Effect of melatonin on nutritional quality of alfalfa
The results show that: as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, under the condition of acid soil with the pH of about 5.5-6.0, the growth of the alfalfa is affected, and after the melatonin solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the growth of the alfalfa is promoted, the chlorophyll content is increased, and the acid-aluminum resistance and the adaptability of the alfalfa are improved; in addition, under the condition of acid soil, the melatonin solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, so that the content of crude protein and crude fat in the leaves is increased, and the nutritional quality of the alfalfa is improved.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the acid aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acid soil by applying melatonin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
planting alfalfa in acid soil, and performing irrigation and drainage of water, topdressing of seedling fertilizer and intertillage weeding according to weather;
② mixing melatonin and monopotassium phosphate into an aqueous solution product, wherein the melatonin is 150 mu ml/L, and the monopotassium phosphate is 0.35 percent;
and thirdly, when the height of the alfalfa plant is 10cm, spraying the aqueous solution product on the leaf surface of the alfalfa, wherein the spraying frequency is 10 days for 1 time, and the spraying frequency is 2 times, and the application amount of the aqueous solution product per mu is 45-55L each time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the planting of alfalfa in acidic soil comprises:
A. soaking alfalfa seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.15% for disinfection for 5min at room temperature, taking out the seeds, draining, and drying in the air;
B. ploughing and leveling soil, applying a base fertilizer, and then drilling seeds on a leveled terrace bed;
C. keeping the soil of the terrace bed moist to promote seed germination, and performing irrigation and drainage of moisture, additional application of seedling fertilizer and intertillage weeding according to the weather.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step B comprises: deeply ploughing the soil, applying 35 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 45 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizers, uniformly spreading the base fertilizers into the soil for disinfection by using a mechanical rotary tillage method, uniformly spraying 3 kg/mu of carbofuran with the mass concentration of 3% and 1.5 kg/mu of fenaminosulf wettable powder with the mass concentration of 75% into the soil, leveling and simultaneously spraying the pre-emergence herbicide, sowing alfalfa seeds in 9 months in autumn, sowing in lines according to the amount of 1-1.5 kg/mu, and covering fine soil for about 0.5cm after sowing.
4. The method for improving the acid and aluminum resistance of alfalfa in acidic soil by using melatonin as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step C, two weeks after emergence of seedlings are subjected to intertillage weeding and additional fertilization.
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| CN108713368B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2021-03-02 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for promoting germination of alfalfa seeds and healthy growth of root systems under acid copper stress |
| CN113016389B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-05-20 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | Application of melatonin in influencing microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants |
| CN115413536B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-05 | 河南科技大学 | Method for improving quality of selfheal medicinal material by melatonin spraying |
| CN116836814B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2024-01-30 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Endophytic fungus and application thereof in improving aluminum tolerance of alfalfa |
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| Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal echanisms of improved abiotic stress resistance in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers.] by exogenous melatonin;Haitao Shi, etc.;《Journal of experimental botany》;20151231;第66卷(第3期);681-694 * |
| Melatonin in Plants - Diversity of Levels and Multiplicity of Functions;Hardeland, R;《Frontiers in plant science》;20160219;第7卷;1-14 * |
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