CN106069259B - A kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming method - Google Patents
A kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069259B CN106069259B CN201610467400.2A CN201610467400A CN106069259B CN 106069259 B CN106069259 B CN 106069259B CN 201610467400 A CN201610467400 A CN 201610467400A CN 106069259 B CN106069259 B CN 106069259B
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- 235000018324 Shepherdia canadensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 240000003377 Shepherdia canadensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000009581 Balanites aegyptiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000057001 Balanites aegyptiaca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000694414 Sapindus saponaria Species 0.000 description 30
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001504664 Crossocheilus latius Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010087765 Antipain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000580938 Sapindus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000580955 Sapindus mukorossi Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000702 anti-platelet effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SDNYTAYICBFYFH-TUFLPTIASA-N antipain Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@@H](C=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SDNYTAYICBFYFH-TUFLPTIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKVBOUDTNWVDEP-NJCHZNEYSA-N teicoplanin aglycone Chemical compound N([C@H](C(N[C@@H](C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1C=1C(O)=CC=C2C=1)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)OC=1C=C3C=C(C=1O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)C[C@H](C(=O)N1)NC([C@H](N)C=4C=C(O5)C(O)=CC=4)=O)C(=O)[C@@H]2NC(=O)[C@@H]3NC(=O)[C@@H]1C1=CC5=CC(O)=C1 DKVBOUDTNWVDEP-NJCHZNEYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming methods, first since soapberry seedling planting current year, cultivate soapberry major branch, secondary main branch, side shoot and trimming pruning method, specific steps include: it is surely dry, select and remain major branch, select and remain secondary main branch, select and remain side shoot, Juvenile Stage and fruiting period are trimmed, the purpose is to cultivate and adjust soapberry tree vigo(u)r, update is tree-like to develop it towards dwarfing direction of opening a business；It updates branch, improve soapberry yield；Reduce pest and disease damage.This method has easy popularization easy to operate, easy to learn, effect stability, and without side-effects, less investment, it is effective new technology that peasant's abridged edition increases income that yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soapberry plant development technical fields, and in particular to a kind of fruit picking soapberry pruning side
Method.
Background technique
Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) it is Sapindaceae Sapindus defoliation small arbor, it is distributed widely in the southeast
Sub- various countries, Japan, TaiWan, China and Huaihe River areas to the south have very extensive utility value, and the oil that is otherwise known as suffers from son (four
River), fertile pearl (Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong), soap fruit (Hekou, Yunnan Province), bitter suffer from tree (Hainan), mesh wave tree (Taiwan), Devil Frown
Deng.The fruit of soapberry has important value, and the saponin(e and aglycon contained in pericarp all has very strong non-ionic surface
Active function is excellent natural detergent, can be used to manufacture toothpaste, shampoo, soap, sterilization and agrochemical；In addition,
It can be brought down a fever with cough-relieving, resolving sputum, treatment；Also there are multiple biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antiplatelet simultaneously
Aggregation, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory etc..Soapberry kernel oil content is high, is a kind of novel to prepare biodiesel raw material.Plantation at present
Soapberry be mostly timber afforestation forest, the above are the seedling that soapberry seed directly sows cultivation, tree bodies for soapberry nursery stock 90%
Relatively upright tall and big, extensive management, it is especially tree-like, it is allowed to free growth, causes production fruit rate low, of poor benefits, there are biennial bearing knots
Fruit is serious.Therefore the present inventor has invented a kind of method suitable for the trimming trimming of fruit picking soapberry, and culture and adjusting are without trouble
Subtree gesture, update soapberry is tree-like, improves soapberry yield.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming methods, and pruning method through the invention can
To cultivate and adjust soapberry tree vigo(u)r, update is tree-like to develop it towards dwarfing direction of opening a business；It updates branch, improve soapberry production
Amount；Reduce pest and disease damage.This method has easy popularization easy to operate, easy to learn, effect stability, without side-effects, less investment, output
Height is effective new technology that peasant's abridged edition increases income.
Method includes the following steps:
(1) fixed dry: after soapberry nursery stock definite value First Year survives, 40 ~ 50cm of trunk to be stayed to be done surely.Surely the dry time is general
Selection carries out after planting current year winter dormancy.
(2) select and remain major branch: after fixed dry, selected and remain from the branch grown on trunk 3 ~ 5 be evenly distributed, the branch that angle is moderate
Item gives over to major branch, remaining is cut；If the branch grown from trunk is less than 3, can be supplemented in next year.If selected and remain
Major branch angle is small, can taking human as correction, generally using drawstring, hang stone stone roller or the methods such as strut with branch fork and reach desired angle, make
Its angle with trunk is as far as possible between 60 ~ 90 degree.Selecting and remain for major branch is generally implemented in winter, also can spring, summer implementation.The spring,
Summer selects and remain major branch, primarily directed to those angles or direction " almost " with regard to ideal branch, because it is in tender or half wood
Matter state, by taking the gimmicks such as branch, curved branch and the torsion tip to keep its angle or direction more preferable.
(3) select and remain secondary main branch: when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50cm and it is aging when, light, middle cutting back is implemented to major branch, promotees its pumping
Branch estranged selects and remain direction and 2 ~ 4, the ideal branch of angle in all branches, and being cultivated becomes secondary main branch.Select and remain secondary master
Branch should as far as possible selected angle open a business, be reasonably distributed, no disease and pests harm, the vigorous branches having no mechanical damage.
When selecting and remain secondary main branch, the branch with major branch in left and right angle is selected as far as possible, avoids selection with major branch in upper and lower angle
Branch, the branch being especially directed downward；The possible angle of secondary main branch and major branch should be retained between 45 ~ 60 degree.To adjust
Direction and the angle for saving secondary main branch, can also be used the method for adjusting major branch, adjust direction and the angle of secondary main branch.The choosing of secondary main branch
It stays and generally also implements in winter, it also can spring, summer, autumn implementation.
(4) select and remain side shoot: selecting and remain for side shoot should be depending on tree-like, tree vigo(u)r, planting density and landform, and the side shoot stayed is answered
Be be evenly distributed, angle rationally, do not intersect, be not overlapped, not influencing ventilate compact light transmission, tree crown, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school or more prosperous branch
Item.Selecting and remain side shoot should avoid selection and secondary main branch angle too small (less than 25 degree) as far as possible, the branch being directed downward；Every secondary main branch
Retain side shoot 2 ~ 5, sparse place can suitably retain more.
(5) Juvenile Stage and fruiting period are trimmed: cut off first overstocked branch, crossing branch, internal branch, sick branch, slim and frahile branch and under
Weeping branch；Again high to position, over growth branch carry out in, weight cutting back, promote its and take out hair branch, delayed prosperous growing way, and made to set
It is preced with growth balance, neat；To excessively high and eugonic top branch group is grown, is removed from base portion saw and do not stay pile crown.
The trimming of earsh preferably should not gently be weighed, in addition to above-mentioned branch, to should temporarily retaining of can not cutting can be cut.For containing
The tree of fruiting period, bearing basal shoot should take the method for cutting of " long cutting back ", i.e. several bearing basal shoots on same root side shoot, and half weight is short
It cuts for updating branch, the other half light cutting back is used for result.In short, trimming cuts method based on cutting back, deleted in conjunction with dredging；It should examine
The effect for considering single plant, takes into account between single plant and single plant or even the influence of the whole soapberry woods again.
(6) other ancillary measures
1. when artificial measures can not effectively control, drug control mode can be taken when the extension of soapberry tree crown is excessive.Side
Method is: being sprayed on spray 2.5wt% paclobutrazol medical fluid by the concentration of 50 times of liquid in spring, inhibits its increment.
2. after soapberry treelet is surely dry, no branch or few branch when being still a trunk, can will be tied up above trunk
Firmly, toward 45 degree of one side oblique pull or more, weaken its apical dominance, promote to sprout branch in the middle part of trunk.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the 1, present invention carries out system research with soapberry is tree-like to fruit picking for the first time；2, it summarizes
The method of a set of suitable fruit picking soapberry pruning out, tree-like simple, manageability is easy to operate, is convenient for fruit picking；3, this is tree-like
Branch group is reasonably distributed, and ventilation and penetrating light is good in woods, is updated branch, is improved yield；Reduce pest and disease damage.
Detailed description of the invention
The happy shape of the more major branches of Fig. 1 soapberry is tree-like.
Fig. 2 soapberry heading height.
The angle of Fig. 3 soapberry major branch and trunk.
Specific embodiment
To make the foregoing features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, special embodiment below is described in detail below,
But the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming method, method includes the following steps:
(1) fixed dry: after soapberry nursery stock definite value First Year survives, trunk 45cm to be stayed to be done surely, surely dry selection of time exists
It is carried out after plantation current year winter dormancy；
(2) it selects and remain major branch: after fixed dry, 4 is selected and remain from the branch grown on trunk and is evenly distributed, exists with the angle of trunk
Branch between 60 ~ 90 degree gives over to major branch, remaining is cut, if the branch grown from trunk be less than 3, can next year again
Supplement, selecting and remain for major branch are implemented in winter；
(3) select and remain secondary main branch: when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50 cm and it is aging when, light, middle cutting back is implemented to major branch, promotees its pumping
Branch estranged, selected and remain in all branches angle open a business, be evenly distributed, no disease and pests harm, have no mechanical damage 3, branch, trained
It forms as secondary main branch；
When selecting and remain secondary main branch, selection, in the branch of left and right angle, avoids selection and major branch is in the branch of upper and lower angle with major branch
The possible angle of item, the branch being especially directed downward, secondary main branch and major branch should be retained between 45 ~ 60 degree, the choosing of secondary main branch
Stay in winter implementation；
(4) select and remain side shoot: selecting and remain for side shoot should be depending on tree-like, tree vigo(u)r, planting density and landform, and the side shoot stayed is answered
Be be evenly distributed, angle rationally, do not intersect, be not overlapped, not influencing ventilate compact light transmission, tree crown, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school or more prosperous branch
Item, selects and remain that selection should be avoided in side shoot and secondary main branch angle is too small (less than 25 degree), the branch being directed downward, the reservation of every secondary main branch
Side shoot 3, sparse place can suitably retain more；
(5) Juvenile Stage and fruiting period are trimmed: cut off first overstocked branch, crossing branch, internal branch, sick branch, slim and frahile branch and under
In weeping branch, then the progress of strong to apical dominance, over growth branch, cutting back is weighed, promotees its and takes out hair branch, delayed prosperous growing way,
Make tree crown growth balance, neat, to growing excessively high and eugonic top branch group, from base portion saw except not staying pile crown.
The trimming of earsh preferably should not gently be weighed, in addition to above-mentioned branch, to should temporarily retaining of can not cutting can be cut, for containing
The tree of fruiting period, bearing basal shoot should take the method for cutting of " long cutting back ", i.e. several bearing basal shoots on same root side shoot, and half weight is short
Cut for updating branch, the other half light cutting back be used for as a result, in short, trimming cut method based on cutting back, in conjunction with dredge delete, Ji Yaokao
The effect for considering single plant, takes into account between single plant and single plant or even the influence of the whole soapberry woods again.
Field experiment
Implement the time: -2016 years 2011
Enforcement place: Sanming City, Fujian Province Jianning County soapberry Demonstration Base, 102 mu of area.
Specific implementation method:
The happy shape tree crown of the more major branches of soapberry is cultivated, after the plantation of soapberry First Year survives, in plantation current year winter dormancy
After done surely, stay 40 ~ 50cm of trunk.The second year winter cuts, and after doing calmly, 3 ~ 5 distributions are selected and remain from the branch grown on trunk
Uniformly, the moderate branch of angle gives over to major branch, remaining is cut；If the branch grown from trunk is less than 3, can be in next year
It is supplemented.If the major branch angle selected and remain is small, can taking human as correction, generally using drawstring, hang stone stone roller or strutted etc. with branch fork and done
Method reaches desired angle, makes its angle with trunk as far as possible between 60 ~ 90 degree.Major branch can also be selected and remain in spring, summer, mainly
For those angles or direction " almost " with regard to ideal branch, because it is in tender or semi-lignified state, by taking branch, curved
The gimmicks such as branch and the torsion tip keep its angle or direction more preferable.
Third year trimming: generally implement in winter, when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50cm and it is aging when, to major branch implementation gently, in
Cutting back promotees its pumping branch, and direction and 2 ~ 4, the ideal branch of angle are selected and remain in all branches, and being cultivated becomes secondary main
Branch.Select and remain secondary main branch should as far as possible selected angle open a business, be reasonably distributed, no disease and pests harm, the vigorous branches having no mechanical damage.Select and remain secondary main branch
When, the branch with major branch in left and right angle is selected as far as possible, avoids selection and major branch is in the branch of upper and lower angle, especially direction court
Under branch；The possible angle of secondary main branch and major branch should be retained between 45 ~ 60 degree.To adjust the direction and angle of secondary main branch
Degree can also be used the method for adjusting major branch, adjust direction and the angle of secondary main branch.Selecting and remain for side shoot should be according to tree-like, tree vigo(u)r, kind
Depending on density in planting and landform, the side shoot stayed should be evenly distributed, angle rationally, do not intersect, be not overlapped, not influence ventilation saturating
Light, tree crown be compact, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school or more prosperous branch.Select and remain that side shoot should avoid selection as far as possible and secondary main branch angle is too small (is less than
25 degree), the branch being directed downward；Every secondary main branch retains side shoot 2 ~ 5, and sparse place can suitably retain more.
Trim within 4th year: soapberry enters first fruiting period, cuts off overstocked branch, crossing branch, internal branch, sick branch, slim and frahile first
Branch and descending branch；Again high to position, over growth branch carry out in, weight cutting back, promote its and take out hair branch, delayed prosperous length
Gesture makes tree crown growth balance, neat；To excessively high and eugonic top branch group is grown, is removed from base portion saw and do not stay pile crown.
The trimming of earsh preferably should not gently be weighed, in addition to above-mentioned branch, to should temporarily retaining of can not cutting can be cut.For place
The tree in the best fruiting period, bearing basal shoot should take the method for cutting of " long cutting back ", i.e. several bearing basal shoots on same root side shoot, half weight
For cutting back for updating branch, the other half light cutting back is used for result.
We carry out survey production in continuous 2 years to the 5 years raw soapberry bearing-age trees trimmed in this way, are as a result detailed in following table:
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming method, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
(1) fixed dry: after soapberry nursery stock definite value First Year survives, 40 ~ 50cm of trunk to be stayed to be done surely, surely dry selection of time is being planted
It is carried out after planting current year winter dormancy；
(2) it selects and remain major branch: after doing calmly, 3 ~ 5 ideal branches is selected and remain from the branch grown on trunk and give over to major branch, remaining is cut
Fall, if the branch grown from trunk is less than 3, should be supplemented in next year, major branch is selected and remain in winter or spring or summer
Implement；
(3) select and remain secondary main branch: when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50cm and it is aging when, light, middle cutting back is implemented to major branch, promotees its pumping point
Branch selects and remain 2 ~ 4 ideal branches in all branches, and being cultivated becomes secondary main branch；
(4) select and remain side shoot: every secondary main branch retains side shoot 2 ~ 5, the side shoot stayed should be evenly distributed, angle rationally, do not hand over
It pitches, be not overlapped, not influencing ventilate compact light transmission, tree crown, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school branch or prosperous branch, selecting and remain side shoot and avoid selection and secondary master
Branch angle is less than 25 degree, the branch that is directed downward；
(5) Juvenile Stage and fruiting period are trimmed: overstocked branch, crossing branch, internal branch, sick branch, slim and frahile branch and descending branch are cut off first,
In strong to apical dominance again, over growth branch progress, cutting back is weighed, promotees its and takes out hair branch, delayed prosperous growing way, and made tree crown
It is growth balance, neat, to growing excessively high and eugonic top branch group, from base portion saw except not staying pile crown；
The trimming of earsh preferably should not gently be weighed, for the tree in the best fruiting period, what bearing basal shoot should take " long cutting back " cuts method,
Several bearing basal shoots i.e. on same root side shoot, for half weight cutting back for updating branch, the other half light cutting back is used for result；
Ideal branch is to be evenly distributed on direction and branch of the angle of trunk between 60 ~ 90 degree in the step (2)；
In the step (3) ideal branch be angle open a business, be evenly distributed, no disease and pests harm, the vigorous branches having no mechanical damage, and with master
Branch is in left and right angle, and angle is between 45 ~ 60 degree.
2. fruit picking according to claim 1 soapberry shaping and trimming method, it is characterised in that: when soapberry tree crown extends
It is excessive, when artificial measures can not effectively control, 2.5wt% paclobutrazol medical fluid is taken, is sprayed at spray by the concentration of 50 times of liquid
On, inhibit its increment.
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