CN105941700A - 一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/14—Tea preparations, e.g. using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/08—Oxidation; Fermentation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,其特征在于,该生产工艺包括以下步骤:步骤一,拼配、汽蒸、渥堆发酵:将黑毛茶和沙棘茶搅拌混合均匀拼配为原料茶,汽蒸5‑10分钟,渥堆发酵;步骤二,加汁炒茶、称茶、蒸茶、筑茶:渥堆发酵后的茶叶加入沙棘提取液,控制茶叶含水量在30%左右,炒至茶叶变软并有炒香味,然后称茶、蒸茶、筑茶;步骤三,发花干燥:将筑好的茶放入发花烘房。与传统茯茶不同的是除含有茯茶特有的冠突散囊菌外,还含有沙棘茶所具有的黄酮类,氨基酸等成分。除降脂、降胆固醇、助消化外,增加了抗肿瘤、调节免疫、延缓衰老等功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及茶叶的制备工艺领域,尤其涉及一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺。
背景技术
沙棘叶来源于胡颓子科植物中的“中国沙棘”的叶片,常种植于高寒、缺水、荒漠地区,我国是世界上沙棘资源最丰富的国家。沙棘叶和沙棘果都含有极丰富的营养成分和生理活性物质,主要有蛋白质、多糖类、有机酸、生物碱、黄酮类,氨基酸、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素及微量元素等。沙棘叶还含有人体所需的微量元素如:Fe、Mg、Ca、Zn、Mo、K等元素,且含量较高,沙棘叶中的沙棘黄酮主要是异鼠李素、槲皮素和山奈酚、杨梅素等构成的黄酮苷,且叶中的黄酮含量高于果中的含量。沙棘黄酮具有增加冠状动脉血流量,降低心肌耗氧量,抑制血小板聚集,抗肿瘤、调节免疫、延缓衰老等多种药理作用。
现有沙棘叶茶制作工艺:杀青-揉捻-渥堆-复揉-干燥。
茯砖茶发源于陕西省泾阳县,该地独特的地理气候特征,造就了独具特色的茯砖茶。茯砖茶古称“泾阳砖”,因其效用类似土茯苓,也称“茯茶”。陕西泾阳茯砖茶形成约在明洪武元年(1386)前后,距今已有600多年的历史。
茯砖茶是夏秋茶采摘后进行发酵加工成黑毛茶,然后以黑毛茶为原料进行二次发酵加工制成的,是我国黑茶中最具特色的产品,具有良好的降脂、降胆固醇、助消化,抗腹泻等功效。茯砖茶是我国主要的边销茶之一,茯砖茶在加工制作二次发酵过程中,茶品中生长繁殖出一种特有的有益菌,俗称“金花”。现代生物学上定名为“冠突散囊菌”。属于真菌,生物分类学地位为子散囊菌纲,散囊菌目,发菌科,散囊菌属,这是茯砖茶独有的,也是其产品质量的重要特征指标。在茯砖茶加工过程中,加入具有增加冠状动脉血流量,降低心肌耗氧量,抑制血小板聚集,抗肿瘤、调节免疫、延缓衰老功能的沙棘叶茶或沙棘汁,制造出除降脂、降胆固醇、助消化功效个,并具有抗肿瘤、调节免疫、延缓衰老等功效的沙棘茯茶。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷,提供一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺。
本发明通过下述方案实现:
一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,该生产工艺包括以下步骤:
步骤一,拼配、汽蒸、渥堆发酵:将黑毛茶和沙棘茶搅拌混合均匀拼配为原料茶,汽蒸5-10分钟,渥堆发酵;
步骤二,加汁炒茶、称茶、蒸茶、筑茶:渥堆发酵后的茶叶加入沙棘提取液,控制茶叶含水量在30%左右,炒至茶叶变软并有炒香味,然后称茶、蒸茶、筑茶;
步骤三,发花干燥:将筑好的茶放入发花烘房。
在步骤一中,渥堆发酵至茶青气消失,茶叶变为褐色并有浓香气。
所述发花干燥包括三个时间段,其中前1-6天控制温度在26-28℃之间、湿度小于60%,第7天-15天左右为发花期,温度控制在约28-30℃之间,湿度控制在小于70%,第16天-30天左右为干燥期,湿度小于50%,阶梯升温至茶含水降至14%以内。
将发花干燥完毕的茶叶包装入库。
检测茶叶的冠突散囊菌是否大于20×104,大于则包装入库。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺①采用黑毛茶、沙棘茶为原料,经过原料拼配、汽蒸、渥堆、加入沙棘提取液、称茶、二次汽蒸、筑茶、发花干燥工艺加工制成沙棘茯茶。与传统茯茶不同的是,采用本发明的工艺除含有茯茶特有的冠突散囊菌外,还含有沙棘茶所具有的黄酮类,氨基酸等成分。除降脂、降胆固醇、助消化外,增加了抗肿瘤、调节免疫、延缓衰老等功效。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明:
步骤一,拼配、汽蒸、渥堆发酵:将黑毛茶和沙棘茶搅拌混合均匀拼配为原料茶,汽蒸5-10分钟,渥堆发酵至茶青气基本消失,茶叶变为褐色并有浓香气。
步骤二,加汁炒茶、称茶、蒸茶、筑茶:渥堆好的茶叶加入茶汁,控制茶叶含水量在30%左右,炒至茶叶变软并有炒香味。根据规格称取相应重量进行二次汽蒸筑茶。
步骤三,发花干燥:将筑好的茶放入发花烘房,前1-6天控制温度在26~28℃之间、湿度小于60%,第7天~15天左右为发花期,温度控制在约28~30℃之间,湿度控制在小于70%,第16天~30天左右为干燥期,湿度小于50%,阶梯升温至茶含水降至14%以内,出发花室包装入库,同时检查沙棘茯茶的汤色呈红褐色,口感醇和回甘,散发陈香气,冠突散囊菌在茶叶、沙棘叶上面可看到,“金花”茂盛,经检测冠突散囊菌大于20×104,符合国家标准要求。
本发明一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,采用黑毛茶、沙棘茶为原料,经过原料拼配、汽蒸、渥堆、加入沙棘茶提取液、称茶、二次汽蒸、筑茶、发花干燥工艺加工制成沙棘茯茶。与传统茯茶不同的是除含有茯茶特有的冠突散囊菌外,还含有沙棘茶所具有的黄酮类,氨基酸等成分。除降脂、降胆固醇、助消化外,增加了抗肿瘤、调节免疫、延缓衰老等功效。在实际使用中,沙棘提取液采用水提法进行提取,其提取工艺和过程为现有公知技术,在此,不再赘述。
采用本发明的生产工艺,可以得到特有的冠突散囊菌,冠突散囊菌属益生菌,是茯砖茶在特定温湿度条件下,通过“发花”工艺长成的自然益生菌体,俗称“金花”。在国家标准中,茯砖茶是唯一要求“冠突散囊菌”这项指标的黑茶类品种。(详见:中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 9833.3-2002紧压茶茯砖茶)。经科学研究,“金花”对后发酵茶品质不但没有影响,反而“金花”能分泌茶叶中的淀粉酶和氧化酶,可催化茶叶中的淀粉转化为单糖,催化多酚类化合物质氧化,使茶叶汤色变棕红,消除粗青味。在口味上更加醇和爽口,甜滑回甘。它具有较强的促消化、降血脂、溶解脂肪、调节糖类代谢等功效。其颗粒的大小会随着湿度等因素变化而发生变化,茂盛的时候似“米兰”,萎缩时会变小,甚至变成白色的小斑点,但不影响其品质和功效。另外采用本发明的生产工艺制备的茶还具有显著降脂减肥和降糖功能的特异成分,也就是茯茶素A和茯茶素B,有较强的降脂、降压、调节糖类代谢的功效。
而且采用本发明的生产工艺制备的茶中还含有沙棘,沙棘是一种含有多种维生素、多种微量元素、多种氨基酸和其它生物活性物质的药用食物。地球上生存超过两亿年的植物;沙漠和高寒山区的恶劣环境中能够生存的植物;“地球癌症”-砒砂岩地区唯一能生长的植物;西部大开发生态环保价值最高的植物;完全在无污染环境中生长的绿色植物;世界植物群体中公认的Vc之王;一个被中国中医药典和世界药典广泛入药的植物;被国家卫生部确认为药食同源的植物。沙棘中SOD活性成分丰富,每克沙棘鲜果SOD含量达到2746.0个酶单位,其含量是人参的4倍。它可以阻断因体内物质过氧化产生的自由基,而这种自由基与人体衰老、疾病的发生密切相关。沙棘中含有206种对人体有益的活性物质,其中有46种生物活性物质,含有大量的维生素E、维生素A、黄酮等,具有抗疲劳和增强机体活力及抗癌等特殊药理性能,具有保护和加速修复胃黏膜、增加肠道双歧杆菌的药性,有降减血浆胆固醇、减少血管壁中胆固醇含量的作用,能防治高血脂症和动脉粥样硬化症,并有促进伤口愈合的作用。
尽管已经对本发明的技术方案做了较为详细的阐述和列举,应当理解,对于本领域技术人员来说,对上述实施例做出修改或者采用等同的替代方案,这对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,其特征在于,该生产工艺包括以下步骤:
步骤一,拼配、汽蒸、渥堆发酵:将黑毛茶和沙棘茶搅拌混合均匀拼配为原料茶,汽蒸5-10分钟,渥堆发酵;
步骤二,加汁炒茶、称茶、蒸茶、筑茶:渥堆发酵后的茶叶加入沙棘提取液,控制茶叶含水量在30%左右,炒至茶叶变软并有炒香味,然后称茶、蒸茶、筑茶;
步骤三,发花干燥:将筑好的茶放入发花烘房。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,其特征在于:在步骤一中,渥堆发酵至茶青气消失,茶叶变为褐色并有浓香气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,其特征在于:所述发花干燥包括三个时间段,其中前1-6天控制温度在26-28℃之间、湿度小于60%,第7天-15天左右为发花期,温度控制在约28~30℃之间,湿度控制在小于70%,第16天-30天左右为干燥期,湿度小于50%,阶梯升温至茶含水降至14%以内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,其特征在于:将发花干燥完毕的茶叶包装入库。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种沙棘茯茶及其生产工艺,其特征在于:检测茶叶的冠突散囊菌是否大于20×104,大于则包装入库。
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