CN105916735A - 热防护产品 - Google Patents

热防护产品 Download PDF

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CN105916735A
CN105916735A CN201580004385.1A CN201580004385A CN105916735A CN 105916735 A CN105916735 A CN 105916735A CN 201580004385 A CN201580004385 A CN 201580004385A CN 105916735 A CN105916735 A CN 105916735A
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thermal protection
protection product
tissue layer
carpet veneer
layer
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CN105916735B (zh
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F·罗伊斯维格
M·基尔希宁
S·普鲁玛
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Zipper Technik GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含有毡层和织物层的热防护产品，所述毡层包括聚砜聚酰胺纤维，所述织物层包括无机纤维，所述织物层包括金属层。

Description

热防护产品
本发明涉及一种绝热防护产品及其生产方法。在，例如，机动车领域，需使用热屏蔽或热防护产品。这些产品用于保护温度敏感组件(例如，传感器、电缆、挠性管、插头、电子部件)不受其它组件的废热之害(例如，排气系统)。DE 19755314，例如，描述了这样一个组件。
DE 10 2004 044 057描述了耐热板或耐热两维组件形式的隔热罩。
DE 19720537 A1涉及一种用于修整安装部件的组件，其中金属箔附着在织物和无纺纤维织物之间。
EP 1 914 121 A2涉及一种含有织物支撑件的热防护材料，所述织物支撑件涂覆有粘合剂并通过气相沉积由金属覆盖。此类材料在最高300℃，1000小时下表现出稳定性。然而，相应产品的绝热性能有限。
涉及相应热防护产品的要求是多方面的。
一方面，所述产品应该具有高隔热性能，即，面向热源的一面与背对热源的一面之间的温度差应该尽可能地高。
另一方面，相应的热防护产品必须是紧凑的，因为在相应机器中(例如，发动机)，组件之间的距离越来越短。
此外，相应的热防护产品必须表现出良好的加工性能。
最后，还应当考虑相应产品的成本。
本发明的目的在于提供更满足上述要求并且至少部分超越现有技术的进一步的热防护产品。
该目的通过以下热防护产品得以实现，所述产品包括：
-含有聚磺酰胺纤维的毡层；
-含有无机纤维的织物层；
其中所述织物层含有金属层。
因此，一方面，本发明所述的热防护产品包括含有聚磺酰胺纤维的毡层。所述聚磺酰胺纤维描述于例如EP 1 975 285 A2。
根据本发明，所述纤维被加工成毡层。毡制品是一种难以松解的无规则纤维产品的片状织物。可使用多种方法来制备。尤其地，众所周知针刺法以制得针刺毛毡或在高压下凝固。并且，可以先对材料进行编织，随后通过缩密法(fulling)进行粘结。
较佳地，所述毡层包括至少20％(按重量计)，更佳地至少50％(按重量计)，甚至更佳地为70％或80％(按重量计)的聚磺酰胺纤维。
在一些实施例中，额外包括其他纤维，尤其是预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维。
已经发现，较佳地，所述毡层的厚度应该在1至10nm的范围内。
至于所述毡层的密度，从0.05至0.25g/cm3的密度是优选的。
除了所述毡层之外，所述热防护产品具有一织物层。后者含有无机纤维。特别地，优选的无机纤维包括，玻璃、碳、硅酸盐、陶瓷、硅酸铝、玄武岩、及其混合物。
尤其优选地，使用玻璃纤维。
除了无机纤维之外，原则上可包括少量的有机纤维。较佳地，无机纤维的比例至少为织物层的80％(按重量计)，更佳地至少为90％(按重量计)。
所述织物层可以是机织物、编织物、针织物、结构织物、或无折皱织物。
可能发生所述织物层与所述毡层之间的结合，例如，通过粘结、针刺、针织、缩绒、粘合剂粘合、或其组合。毡合两个层是特别优选的。
尤其地，有机硅、聚氨酯或丙烯酸类粘合剂适合作为粘合剂。
在一些实施例中，在所述织物层和所述毡层之间，可能存在额外的层，例如，织物层上的片层或涂层。它可以用于减少通过织物和通过毛毡的对流。此类片层或涂层较佳地由耐高温聚合物制成，尤其是硅氧烷聚合物。
此外，所述热防护产品至少在织物层的不与毡层接触的一面上包括一金属层。
因此，相应的金属层在产品外侧，面向热源。
在一个实施例中，通过气相沉积施加所述金属层；或者，可采用物理气相沉积或化学气相沉积。
较佳地，所述织物层在使用前涂覆有粘合剂。合适的粘合剂尤其地包括，EPDM、PFA、PMMA、POM、PEEK、PVA、环氧树脂、杂化聚合物、硅化合物，尤其是聚硅氧烷或其混合物。
所施加的金属层可能具有范围为约50至1000nm的厚度。如果在一侧施加所述金属层，该厚度基本上是足够的，但是它也可以施加到织物层的两侧。
虽然可以考虑首先结合所述毡层和所述织物层，随后通过气相沉积涂覆金属层；但优选首先通过气相沉积给织物层提供一金属层，随后将织物层与毡层结合。
尤其是在该实施例中，提供一聚合物片层或聚合物涂层(尤其是硅氧烷聚合物的)是有帮助的，其作为所述织物层和所述毡层之间的另一层，可以起到抑制对流的作用。
在另一实施例中，所述金属层不通过汽相沉积法沉积，但是作为金属箔结合到织物层。具体地，合适的金属箔是那些具有从5至100μm厚度的。较佳地，所述金属箔是粘结结合，例如，用有机硅、聚氨酯或丙烯酸类粘合剂。
尽管也有可能先将所述金属层安放在所述织物层上，然后与所述毡层结合，更优选在涂覆金属层之前，先将所述毡层和织物层结合到一起。特别地，铝可作为所述的金属。然而，原则上也可使用铬、钛、铜、银、金、硅或其组合。
本发明的热防护产品还可包括闭合组件，所述热防护产品借助于该闭合组件可形成适当的形状。合适的组件包括，例如，尼龙扣紧固件和按钮。例如，在使用位点，可进一步使用胶带、系带或丝线用于粘附。也存在额外的粘结设备。
在另一实施例中，为了将所述热防护产品的不同部分结合起来，也存在例如，接缝、按钮、挂钩和/或吊环。
本发明也涉及制备所述热防护产品的方法，包括步骤：
(i)–连接所述毡层至织物层，和
-安装金属层至织物层，或
(ii)–安装金属层至织物层，
-将其结合至毡层。
所述安装也可指气相沉淀。
本发明进一步涉及包含聚磺酰胺纤维的毡层在制备热防护产品中的应用。
相应的热防护产品适于保护汽车发动机构造中的热敏组件，或者适于隔热排气系统、组织或组件。
出乎意料的是，含有聚磺酰胺纤维的毡可以承受有机材料无法承受的温度。因此，本发明的构造物可经受加热至300℃持续1000小时。
图1显示了本发明的一个实施例，其中织物层2在其一侧与毡层1结合，通过气相沉积得到的金属层3位于另一侧上。
图2显示了一个实施例，其中毡层1和织物层2通过粘结结合在一起，后者结合至金属箔3。
图3显示了结合至织物层2的毡层1，所述织物层2两侧都具有通过气相沉积获得的金属层3。聚合物层4存在于所述毡层和所述金属层3之间。
图4显示了结合至织物层2的毡层1，所述织物层2的一侧具有通过气相沉积获得的金属层3。聚合物层4存在于所述毡层1和所述织物层2之间。
进一步通过下述非限制性实施例解释本发明。
实验方法
厚度收缩
在限定的时间跨度范围内，所述材料暴露于300℃温度下，并且根据DIN EN ISO5084检测所述材料的厚度。
绝缘性能
所述产品的金属侧在限定的温度下加热，并测量毛毡侧的温度差。所述产品在设定温度下存储120h后，重复这些测量。
对比例1
通过将含有预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维的2.0mm厚的毡层黏合至0.3mm厚的玻璃纤维层，制备热防护产品，所述玻璃纤维层粘结结合有10μm厚的铝箔。
实施例2
将含有90％(重量)的聚磺酰胺纤维和10％(重量)的预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维的2.0mm厚的毡层粘结至0.3mm厚的玻璃纤维层，所述玻璃纤维层粘结结合有10μm厚的铝箔。
实施例3
将含有90％(重量)的聚磺酰胺和10％(重量)的预氧化聚丙烯腈的1.6mm厚的毡层与0.8mm厚的玻璃纤维层毡合起来，随后粘结结合至25μm厚的铝箔。
对比例4
向其一面通过气相沉积而具有约100nm厚的金属层的约0.3mm厚玻璃纤维上涂覆约0.1mm厚的硅树脂涂层，然后粘结结合约2.1mm厚的含预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维的毡层。
实施例5
向其一面通过气相沉积而具有约100nm厚的金属层的约0.3mm厚玻璃纤维上涂覆约0.1mm厚的硅树脂涂层，然后粘结结合约1.8mm厚的含90％聚磺酰胺纤维和10％的预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维的毡层。
结果
表1和表2显示了实施例的测量结果。
正如预期的，我们发现，取决于材料结构，隔热性能随着铝层或毡层逐渐变厚而增强。然而，我们也发现，不含聚磺酰胺纤维的毡层在很长一段时间内无法应对温度荷载，但是两者都在厚度上有损失，并且明显降低了绝热性能。
表1
表2
To＝金属面的表面温度(热侧)
Tu＝毡层面的表面温度(冷侧)
To-Tu＝表面温度的差分
所有引用文件都通过引用其全部包含在本发明的披露中，除非这种披露会是有悖于本发明的教导。

Claims (15)

1.一种热防护产品，包括：
-含有聚磺酰胺纤维的毡层；
-含有无机纤维的织物层；
其中所述织物层含有金属层。
2.如权利要求1所述的热防护产品，其中，所述毡层包括至少50％(重量)的聚磺酰胺纤维。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的热防护产品，其中，所述毡层额外包括预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维。
4.如权利要求1至3任一项所述的热防护产品，其中，所述毡层具有从1至10mm的厚度，和/或所述毡层具有从0.05至0.25g/cm3的密度。
5.如权利要求1至4任一项所述的热防护产品，其特征在于，在所述毡层和所述织物层之间，具有聚合物层，尤其是聚合物片层或聚合物涂层。
6.如权利要求1至5任一项所述的热防护产品，其中，所述织物层的无机纤维选自下组：玻璃、碳、硅酸盐、陶瓷、硅酸铝、玄武岩、及其混合物。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的热防护产品，其特征在于，所述织物层为机织物、编织物、针织物、结构织物、或无折皱织物。
8.如权利要求1至7任一项所述的热防护产品，其特征在于，所述毡层与所述织物层通过粘结、针刺、针织、缩绒、粘合剂粘合、或其组合相结合。
9.如权利要求1至8任一项所述的热防护产品，其中，所述金属层通过气相沉积施加于所述织物层。
10.如权利要求9所述的热防护产品，其中，在施加所述金属层之前，所述织物层涂覆有粘合剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的热防护产品，其中所述的粘合剂选自：EPDM、PFA、PMMA、POM、PEEK、PVA、环氧树脂、杂化聚合物、硅化合物，尤其是聚硅氧烷。
12.如权利要求1至8任一项所述的热防护产品，其特征在于，所述金属层粘结结合至所述织物层。
13.如权利要求12所述的热防护产品，其特征在于，所述金属层选自下组：铝、铬、钛、铜、银、金、硅或其组合，优选所述金属层厚度为从5至100μm。
14.一种制备根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的热防护产品的方法，包括步骤：
(i)–连接所述毡层至织物层，和
-安装金属层至织物层，
或
(ii)–安装金属层至织物层，
-将其结合至毡层。
15.一种包含聚磺酰胺纤维的毡层在制备热防护产品中的应用。
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