CN105874043B - 润滑剂组合物 - Google Patents
润滑剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105874043B CN105874043B CN201480072034.XA CN201480072034A CN105874043B CN 105874043 B CN105874043 B CN 105874043B CN 201480072034 A CN201480072034 A CN 201480072034A CN 105874043 B CN105874043 B CN 105874043B
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- lubricant composition
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 phenates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005652 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical group CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000083700 Ambystoma tigrinum virus Species 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical group CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione Chemical class S=C1NNC(=S)S1 BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSTXCZGEEVFJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cycloundecyl-1,5-diazacycloundec-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCCCCC(CCCC1)N1CCCCCC=NCCC1 VSTXCZGEEVFJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTCWVYFQGYOYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-o-methyl 10-o-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 OTCWVYFQGYOYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1CCOCCN1CCOCC1 ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWFYBHJZZZJQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-O CCCCC(CC)CN(CC(CC)CCCC)C[S+]1C(S)=NC2=CC=CC=C12 Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN(CC(CC)CCCC)C[S+]1C(S)=NC2=CC=CC=C12 MWFYBHJZZZJQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical class CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSCCALZHGUWNJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylcyclohexanamine Chemical group C1CCCCC1N(C)C1CCCCC1 GSCCALZHGUWNJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PKFWDPAPHDVTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(2-methylpropyl)phenoxy]-diphenoxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=S)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 PKFWDPAPHDVTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPIGOGDSZWTTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-[2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-methylphenyl]-2H-triazol-4-yl]methanamine Chemical compound C(C)C(CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C)C=1N=NNC=1CN)CC(CCCC)CC)CCCC VPIGOGDSZWTTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O1C(COC(=O)C)COCC1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- RSOILICUEWXSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 RSOILICUEWXSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SLEMYYDFLIAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxycarbonyl(octan-4-yl)carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CCC)N(C(S)=S)C(=O)OCC SLEMYYDFLIAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- VDTIMXCBOXBHER-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-bis(sulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound OP(S)(S)=S VDTIMXCBOXBHER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical class CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XRKQMIFKHDXFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-n-ethylcyclohexanamine Chemical group C1CCCCC1N(CC)C1CCCCC1 XRKQMIFKHDXFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMVBWTKCDCPTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[2-(7-methyloctyl)phenoxy]-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=S)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCC(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCC(C)C SMVBWTKCDCPTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
- C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
- C10M139/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00 having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. silanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于压缩点火内燃机的润滑剂组合物，其包含：(i)具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约200至约600mg KOH/g的总碱值(“TBN”)的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂；和(ii)选自金属磺酸盐、酚盐、水杨酸盐、羧酸盐、硫代膦酸盐及其组合的清净剂。润滑剂组合物具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约20至约130mg KOH/g的TBN。胺贡献润滑剂组合物的大于约30％TBN。另外，用润滑剂组合物润滑内燃机的方法包括步骤：将燃料和润滑剂组合物注入气缸中以形成混合物，和借助压缩点火使混合物燃烧。
Description
发明领域
本公开内容一般性地涉及作为无灰燃料添加剂的胺以及包含胺的润滑剂组合物。
相关技术描述
许多内燃机，例如在海船、火车、摩托车、小型摩托车、ATV和草坪设备中找到的那些燃烧燃料和润滑剂组合物的混合物。具体而言，将混合物引入发动机的气缸中并燃烧以使活塞运动并向发动机供以动力。将润滑剂组合物加入燃料中以润滑发动机的各个组件(例如气缸和活塞)并使燃烧、燃料经济性、排放和发动机寿命最佳化。润滑剂组合物包含基油和添加剂，例如抗磨添加剂、分散剂和清净剂。
然而，在燃烧期间，燃料和添加剂，例如过碱性清净剂和其它含金属添加剂中的杂质不完全燃烧和“烧掉”。因此，形成灰。一些形成的灰保留在气缸中，并且可导致“沉积物”形成以及甚至“镀出”到发动机组件(例如气缸和活塞)上，最终损害发动机，降低燃料经济性，最终降低发动机寿命。
例如，远洋船舶在出海时通过通常包含高浓度的硫的粗燃料和润滑剂组合物的混合物燃烧而供以燃料。该混合物中所用润滑剂组合物包含过碱性清净剂，例如碳酸钙。存在过碱性清净剂以中和通过硫燃烧而形成的酸。然而，当在排放控制(EC)领域(具有较高环境标准的沿海区)中时，作为选择，这些远洋船舶通过通常包含较少硫的更精炼燃料和润滑剂组合物的混合物供以燃料，以努力降低燃烧期间产生的污染物。当更加精炼时，低硫燃料燃烧，形成较少的酸。又存在过量的过碱性清净剂，其形成灰并镀出到气缸壁和其它发动机组件上，由此损害发动机，降低燃料经济性，最终降低发动机寿命。为此，需要可适应燃料硫含量的变化(例如在粗燃料与精炼燃料之间)的润滑剂组合物。这类润滑剂组合物应降低灰的形成，由此使发动机损害最小化，改进燃料经济性，并控制排放，尽管燃料硫含量的变化。
发明概述
公开了用于压缩点火内燃机的润滑剂组合物。该润滑剂组合物包含：(i)具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约200至约600mg KOH/g的总碱值(“TBN”)的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂；和(ii)选自金属磺酸盐、酚盐、水杨酸盐、羧酸盐、硫代膦酸盐及其组合的清净剂。润滑剂组合物具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约20至约130mg KOH/g的TBN。胺贡献润滑剂组合物的大于约30％TBN。
还公开了用润滑剂组合物润滑内燃机的方法。润滑内燃机的方法包括步骤：将燃料和润滑剂组合物注入气缸中以形成混合物，和借助压缩点火使混合物燃烧。
发明详述
本文公开了用于压缩点火内燃机的润滑剂组合物(“润滑剂组合物”)。该润滑剂组合物包含胺作为无灰燃料添加剂(“胺”)，和清净剂。润滑剂组合物可包含一种或多种胺，即单一类型的胺或者多于一类胺。胺为碱性的，可溶于基油和燃料中，并且是化学稳定的，在燃烧时又不产生灰(即根据ASTM D 874和如本领域中所理解，为无灰的)。通常，术语“无灰”指不存在显著量的金属，例如钠、钾、钙等。
胺中和酸，但不形成灰，如上文所述，灰可损害发动机组件，降低燃料经济性，最终降低发动机寿命。由于其碱性，胺有效地中和酸。可加入最小量的胺以中和或“处理”燃料。即，胺可以以低“处理率”使用。胺的碱性可通过其总碱值(“TBN”)量化。TBN可理论上计算，并且可根据ASTM D2896和/或ASTM D4739测定。胺可具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为大于约150，作为选择大于约195，作为选择大于约200，作为选择大于约250，作为选择大于约270，作为选择大于约290，作为选择大于约310，作为选择，约200至约800，作为选择，约200至约600，作为选择，约275至约600，作为选择，约250至约600，作为选择，约250至约550，作为选择，约500至约600，作为选择，约500至约800mg KOH/g的TBN。作为选择，胺可具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为至少约200、至少约250、至少约300、至少约350、至少约450，或者至少约500mg KOH/g的TBN。
润滑剂组合物也具有TBN。润滑剂组合物的各种组分，即胺、清净剂、分散剂等贡献润滑剂组合物的TBN。在各个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约20至约130，作为选择，约20至约90，作为选择，约30至约90，作为选择，约35至约85，作为选择，约40至约110，作为选择，约50至约90，作为选择，约60至约80mg KOH/g的TBN。在一些实施方案中，胺贡献大于约30％，作为选择大于约40％，作为选择大于约50％给润滑剂组合物的TBN。例如，当胺贡献大于40％给具有70mg KOH/g的TBN的润滑剂组合物的TBN时，胺贡献大于28mg KOH/g给润滑剂组合物的TBN。胺对润滑剂组合物的TBN的贡献越大，保持润滑剂的所需TBN所需的产灰清净剂越少。即，胺对润滑剂组合物的TBN的影响越大，润滑剂组合物中对产生灰的清净剂的需求越少。为此，胺贡献润滑剂组合物的TBN，这容许润滑剂组合物中使用较少的清净剂。在优选实施方案中，胺对润滑剂组合物的TBN的TBN贡献大于清净剂对润滑剂组合物的TBN的TBN贡献。
另外，本文还公开了用胺处理润滑剂组合物的方法。该方法包括将胺加入润滑剂组合物中的步骤。在该方法中，加入胺的步骤通常定义为将润滑剂组合物和胺以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为小于45，作为选择小于40，作为选择小于35，作为选择小于30，作为选择小于25，作为选择小于20，作为选择小于15，作为选择小于10，作为选择小于5，作为选择1-45，作为选择5-40，作为选择8-40，作为选择15-40重量％的处理率组合。当然，处理率与胺的TBN值直接相关。通常，胺的TBN越高，处理率越低。当然，对于包含清净剂的润滑剂组合物，例如对于用胺部分替代清净剂，处理率为较低的。
胺可包含一个或多个胺基团。胺可包含叔胺基团、仲胺基团、伯胺基团或其组合。在各个实施方案中，胺具有约100至约700，作为选择，约100至约550，作为选择，约100至约400，作为选择，约100至约250克/摩尔的重均分子量(Mw)。
在各个实施方案中，胺具有通式：
CWHXNYOZ
其中W为5-30；X为20-60；Y为1-5；且Z为0-5。
在各个优选实施方案中，胺具有以下通式结构：
其中R1、R2和R3独立地为氢原子或C1-C15烃基团。在一个实施方案中，R1、R2和R3中的至少一个为支化或环状烃基团。不受理论束缚，在各个实施方案中，认为与胺键合的一个或多个支化或环状烃基团的存在促进胺在润滑剂组合物中的溶解性。即，当R1、R2和R3中的至少一个为支化或环状烃基团时，润滑剂组合物保持为均匀的，并且在各种温度(例如-4℃、4℃、45℃或60℃)下储存各种时间(例如90天)时，胺不从润滑剂组合物中沉淀出来(胺和润滑剂组合物的其它组分具有优异的溶解性特性)。
在一个该实施方案中，胺具有以下通式结构：
其中R4为线性或环状C3-C11烃。现在参考以上结构(I)，在结构(II)的实施方案中，R1和R2为氢原子，且R3为支化或环状烃。在结构(II)的一个更具体实施方案中，R4为线性C9-C11烃。现在参考以上结构(I)，在结构(II)的该更具体实施方案中，R1和R2为氢原子，且R3为支化烃(其包括R4)。
在另一该实施方案中，结构(I)的R1、R2和R3中的至少两个为支化或环状烃基团。在这类实施方案中，胺为仲胺或叔胺。
在一个实施方案中，胺为叔胺。在优选实施方案中，胺具有以下通式结构：
其中R3为C1-C3烃。
作为实例，在一个实施方案中，胺为N-甲基二环己基胺(C13H25N，Mw＝195克/摩尔)，其具有以下结构：
在该实施方案中，胺具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约281mg KOH/g的TBN。
作为另一实例，在一个实施方案中，胺为N-环己基-N-乙基环己基胺(C14H27N，Mw209克/摩尔)，其具有以下结构：
在该实施方案中，胺具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约268mg KOH/g的TBN。
作为又一实例，在优选实施方案中，胺为二异丙基乙胺(C8H19N，Mw129克/摩尔)，其具有以下结构：
在该实施方案中，胺具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约428mg KOH/g的TBN。因而，结构(VI)的胺可以以比具有较低TBN的胺更小的量加入润滑剂组合物中并实现润滑剂组合物的所需TBN值。即，由于其结构和碱性，胺结构(VI)在润滑剂组合物中是非常有效的，并且具有优异的溶解度。
在一个实施方案中，胺为N,N-二甲基环己胺(C8H17N，Mw 127克/摩尔)，其具有以下结构：
在该实施方案中，胺具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为约427mg KOH/g的TBN。因而，结构(VII)的胺可以以比具有较低TBN的胺更小的量加入润滑剂组合物中并实现润滑剂组合物的所需TBN值，并且也可溶于润滑剂组合物中。
胺的各种其它非限定性实例具有以下结构：
1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(C9H16N2，Mw 152克/摩尔)，
二环己基胺(C12H23N，Mw 181克/摩尔)，
2,2'-二吗啉基二乙醚(C12H24N2O3，Mw 244克/摩尔)，
癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)酯(C30H56N2O4，Mw 509克/摩尔)，
甲基1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基癸二酸酯(C21H39NO4，Mw 370克/摩尔)，和
癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯(C28H52N2O4，Mw 481克/摩尔)。
如上所述，润滑剂组合物可包含不同胺的组合。为此，上文所述胺的不同结构的任何组合可包含在润滑剂组合物中。例如，在各个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物包含选自如下的胺：
及其组合。
在各个实施方案中，胺以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为约1至约45，作为选择，约2至约40，作为选择，约2至约15，作为选择，约2至约12，作为选择，约5至约12，作为选择，约2至约10，作为选择，约6至约10重量％的量存在于润滑剂组合物中。作为选择，胺可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为大于约2，作为选择大于约3，作为选择大于约4，作为选择大于约5，作为选择大于约6，作为选择大于约7，作为选择大于约8，作为选择大于约9，作为选择大于约10重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。胺的量可变化超出以上范围，但通常为这些范围内的整数和分数值。另外，应当理解多于一种胺可包含在润滑剂组合物中，在这种情况下，包含的所有胺的总量在以上范围内。
润滑剂组合物还包含清净剂。清净剂通常选自过碱性或中性金属磺酸盐、酚盐和水杨酸盐及其组合。例如，在各个实施方案中，清净剂选自金属磺酸盐、酚盐、水杨酸盐、羧酸盐、硫代膦酸盐及其组合。在一个实施方案中，清净剂包含过碱性金属磺酸盐，例如磺酸钙。在另一实施方案中，清净剂包含过碱性金属水杨酸盐，例如钙金属水杨酸盐。在又一实施方案中，清净剂包含烷基酚盐清净剂。
清净剂通常包含可反应形成灰的金属如钠、钾、钙等。认为添加剂组合物中胺的包含降低润滑剂组合物中要求的清净剂的量。由于胺为无灰的，且超过形成灰并镀出到气缸壁和其它发动机组件上的清净剂，例如过碱性清净剂的量降低，过碱性清净剂的有害作用也降低。
如果包含的话，清净剂可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为约0.1至约35，作为选择，约0.1至约30，作为选择，约0.1至约25，作为选择，约0.1至约20，作为选择，约0.1至约15，作为选择，约0.1至约10，作为选择，约0.1至约5重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。作为选择，清净剂可以以小于约35、小于约30、小于约25、小于约20、小于约15、小于约10、小于约5，或者小于约1重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中，各自基于润滑剂组合物的总重量。清净剂的量可变化超出以上范围，但通常为这些范围内的整数和分数值。另外，应当理解多于一种清净剂可包含在润滑剂组合物中，在这种情况下，包含的所有清净剂的总量在以上范围内。
润滑剂组合物还可包含分散剂。在各个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物不包含分散剂。在其中润滑剂组合物不包含或者基本不含(例如包含基于润滑剂组合物的总重量小于约5，作为选择小于约2，作为选择小于约1，作为选择小于约0.1，作为选择约0重量％)分散剂的实施方案中，认为润滑剂组合物中胺的相容性和溶解性容许润滑剂组合物中包含降低量的或者不包含分散剂。
在其它实施方案中，润滑剂组合物包含分散剂。分散剂包含聚烯基琥珀酸酐多胺和/或聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺多胺。不愿受理论束缚，预期当存在时，分散剂(例如聚烯基琥珀酸酐多胺和/或聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺多胺)贡献胺在基油中的溶解度。也可将其它分散剂，例如聚丁烯膦酸衍生物和碱性镁、钙和钡磺酸盐和酚盐、琥珀酸酯和烷基苯酚胺(曼尼希碱)、聚烯烃胺及其组合加入润滑剂组合物中。
在一个实施方案中，分散剂包含聚烯基琥珀酸酐多胺，例如聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐多胺(“PIBSA-PAM”)。在该实施方案中，PIBSA-PAM具有约200至约3000，作为选择，约200至约1500，作为选择，约400至约1200，作为选择，约600至约1200，作为选择，约850至约950，作为选择约900克/摩尔的重均分子量(Mw)。
在另一实施方案中，分散剂包含聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺多胺，例如聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(“PIBSI”)。在该实施方案中，PIBSI具有约200至约3000，作为选择，约200至约1500，作为选择，约600至约1200，作为选择，约850至约950，作为选择约900克/摩尔的重均分子量(Mw)。
如果包含的话，分散剂可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为约0.1至约15，作为选择，约0.1至约10，作为选择，约0.1至约8，作为选择，约0.1至约6，作为选择，约0.1至约4，作为选择，约0.1至约3，作为选择，约1至约3重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。作为选择，分散剂可以以小于约15、小于约12、小于约10、小于约5，或者小于约4重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中，各自基于润滑剂组合物的总重量。分散剂的量可变化超出以上范围，但通常为这些范围内的整数和分数值。另外，应当理解多于一种分散剂可包含在润滑剂组合物中，在这种情况下，包含的所有分散剂的总量在以上范围内。
润滑剂组合物还可包含基油。基油根据American Petroleum Institute(API)Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines分类。即，基油可进一步描述为五类基油中的一种或多种：I组(硫含量>0.03重量％、<90重量％饱和物，粘度指数80-120)；II组(硫含量小于或等于0.03重量％，和大于或等于90重量％饱和物，粘度指数80-120)；III组(硫含量小于或等于0.03重量％，和大于或等于90重量％饱和物，粘度指数大于或等于120)；IV组(所有聚α烯烃(PAO)；和V组(不包括在I、II、III或IV组中的所有其它那些)。
在一个实施方案中，基油选自American Petroleum Institute(API)I组油、APIII组油、API III组油、API IV组油、API V组及其组合。在另一实施方案中，基油包含API I组油。在又一实施方案中，基油包含API II组油。
在又一其它实施方案中，基油可进一步定义为合成油，其包括一种或多种氧化烯聚合物和共聚物及其衍生物。氧化烯聚合物的末端羟基可通过酯化、醚化或类似反应改性。这些合成油可通过氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯聚合形成聚氧化烯聚合物，然后可使其进一步反应以形成合成油而制备。例如，可使用这些聚氧化烯聚合物的烷基和芳基醚。例如，具有1000的平均分子量的甲基聚异丙二醇醚；具有500-1000的分子量的聚乙二醇的二苯基醚；或者具有1000-1500的分子量的聚丙二醇的二乙基醚和/或其单-和多羧酸酯，例如乙酸酯、混合C3-C8脂肪酸酯，四甘醇的C13含氧酸二酯也可用作基油。
基油可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为约40至约99.9，作为选择，约50至约99.9，作为选择，约50至约95，作为选择，约50至约80重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。作为选择，基油可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为大于约50，作为选择大于约60，作为选择大于约70，作为选择大于约75，作为选择大于约80，作为选择大于约85，作为选择大于约90，作为选择大于约95重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。基油的量可变化超出以上范围，但通常为这些范围内的整数和分数值。另外，应当理解多于一种基油可包含在润滑剂组合物中，在这种情况下，包含的所有基油的总量在以上范围内。
润滑剂组合物还可包含抗磨添加剂。可包含本领域中已知的任何抗磨添加剂。抗磨添加剂的合适非限定性实例包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(“ZDDP”)、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，含硫和/或含磷和/或含卤素化合物，例如硫化烯烃和植物油、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、烷基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、氯化链烷烃、烷基和芳基二-和三硫化物、单-和二烷基磷酸酯的胺盐、甲基膦酸的胺盐、二乙醇氨基甲基甲苯基三唑、双(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基甲苯基三唑、2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑的衍生物、3-[(二异丙氧基硫代膦酰)硫代]丙酸乙酯、硫代磷酸三苯酯(三苯基硫代磷酸酯)、硫代磷酸三(烷基苯基)酯及其混合物(例如硫代磷酸三(异壬基苯基)酯)、硫代磷酸二苯基单壬基苯基酯、硫代磷酸异丁基苯基二苯基酯、3-羟基-1,3-硫杂磷烷3-氧化物的十二烷基胺盐、三硫代磷酸5,5,5-三[异辛基2-乙酸酯]、2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物如1-[N,N-双(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基]-2-巯基-1H-1,3-苯并噻唑、乙氧基羰基-5-辛基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、包含磷的无灰抗磨添加剂和/或其组合。在一个实施方案中，抗磨添加剂包含ZDDP。
如果包含的话，抗磨添加剂可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为约0.1至约10，作为选择，约0.1至约5，作为选择，约0.1至约4，作为选择，约0.1至约3，作为选择，约0.1至约2，作为选择，约0.1至约1，作为选择，约0.1至约0.5重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。作为选择，抗磨添加剂可以以小于约10、小于约9、小于约8、小于约7、小于约6、小于约5、小于约4、小于约3、小于约2，或者小于约1重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中，各自基于润滑剂组合物的总重量。抗磨添加剂的量可变化超出以上范围，但通常为这些范围内的整数和分数值。另外，应当理解多于一种抗磨添加剂可包含在润滑剂组合物中，在这种情况下，包含的所有抗磨添加剂的总量在以上范围内。
润滑剂组合物还可包含倾点下降剂。可包含本领域中已知的任何倾点下降剂。倾点下降剂通常选自聚甲基丙烯酸酯和烷基化萘衍生物及其组合。
如果包含的话，倾点下降剂可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为约0.01至约5，作为选择，约0.01至约2，作为选择，约0.01至约1，作为选择，约0.01至约0.5重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。作为选择，倾点下降剂可以以小于约5、小于约4、小于约3、小于约2、小于约1重量％的量包含在润滑剂组合物中，各自基于润滑剂组合物的总重量。倾点下降剂的量可变化超出以上范围，但通常为这些范围内的整数和分数值。另外，应当理解多于一种倾点下降剂可包含在润滑剂组合物中，在这种情况下，包含的所有倾点下降剂的总量在以上范围内。
润滑剂组合物还可包含消泡剂。可包含本领域中已知的任何消泡剂。消泡剂通常选自聚硅氧烷消泡剂、丙烯酸酯共聚物消泡剂及其组合。
如果包含的话，消泡剂可以以基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为约1至约1000，作为选择，约1至约500，作为选择，约1至约400ppm的量包含在润滑剂组合物中。作为选择，消泡剂可以以小于约1000、小于约500、小于约400ppm的量包含在润滑剂组合物中，各自基于润滑剂组合物的总重量。消泡剂的量可变化超出以上范围，但通常为这些范围内的整数和分数值。另外，应当理解多于一种消泡剂可包含在润滑剂组合物中，在这种情况下，包含的所有消泡剂的总量在以上范围内。
除上述组分如无灰燃料添加剂、基油、清净剂等外，润滑剂组合物还可包含一种或多种添加剂以改进各种化学和/或物理性能。一种或多种添加剂的非限定性实例包括抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂和粘度指数改进剂。添加剂各自可单独或组合使用。如果包含的话，一种或多种添加剂可以以各种量包含在内。
在各个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物包含，基本由，或者由胺、API I组油、包含金属磺酸盐的清净剂和包含聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐多胺的分散剂组成。
在一些实施方案中，润滑剂基本不含清净剂。如恰在上文中以及在该公开内容中所用的术语“基本不含”指基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为小于约5，作为选择小于约4，作为选择小于约3，作为选择小于约2，作为选择小于约1，作为选择小于约0.01，作为选择约0重量％的清净剂(或其它添加剂)的量。
在各个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物可进一步描述为完全配制润滑剂或者作为选择，发动机油。在一个实施方案中，术语“完全配制润滑剂”指为最终商业油的总最终组合物。该最终商业油可包含例如抗磨添加剂、分散剂、清净剂和其它常规添加剂。
在各个优选实施方案中，润滑剂组合物包含、由或者基本由以下组分组成：
(i)具有以下结构的胺：
其中R4为线性C9-C11烃，
(ii)包含金属磺酸盐的清净剂，和
(iii)聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐多胺。
在其它优选实施方案中，润滑剂组合物包含、由或者基本由以下组分组成：
(i)具有以下结构的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂：
其中R3为C1-C3烃，
(ii)包含金属磺酸盐的清净剂，和
(iii)聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐多胺。
在又一其它优选实施方案中，润滑剂组合物包含、由或者基本由以下组分组成：
(i)具有以下结构的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂：
(ii)包含金属磺酸盐的清净剂，和
(iii)聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐多胺。
如上文暗示的，胺显示出在润滑剂组合物中的优异溶解度。不受理论束缚，也如上文所解释的，认为胺上支化和环状基团的组合贡献于胺的溶解性。另外，胺的TBN容许润滑剂组合物中使用最小量的胺，并且还容许润滑剂组合物中清净剂的量降低。此外，还认为上文所述胺的各个结构实施方案与包含金属磺酸盐的清净剂和聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐多胺组合得到即使在各个温度(例如-4℃、4℃、45℃或60℃)下储存各种时间(例如90天)，不相分离和/或不得到沉淀物(具有优异的溶解性特性)的均匀润滑剂组合物。例如，在各个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物在暴露于60℃的温度90天；暴露于45℃的温度90天；暴露于4℃的温度90天；和/或暴露于-4℃的温度90天时保持均匀且不相分离。润滑剂组合物始终是无灰(或者低灰)的。如本文中用于描述润滑剂组合物的措辞“无灰”指包含无灰的胺的润滑剂组合物，因此，包含较少的可贡献于灰形成的清净剂的润滑剂组合物。
根据ASTM D 874或者如本领域中已知的，润滑剂组合物也可进一步定义为无灰的或者含灰的。通常，术语“无灰”指不存在显著量的金属如钠、钾、钙等。当然，应当理解润滑剂组合物不特别限于定义为无灰的，因为措辞无灰的使用意欲反映组合物中无灰的胺的使用，以及随后可贡献于灰的清净剂的减少，因此，润滑剂组合物可解释为含灰的，例如解释为“低灰组合物”。
在一个或多个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物可分类为具有在根据ASTM D874测试时，基于润滑剂组合物的总重量为不多于8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1或0.5重量％的硫酸盐灰含量的低SAPS润滑剂。术语“SAPS”指硫酸盐灰分、磷和硫。作为选择，在一个或多个实施方案中，润滑剂组合物可分类为具有在根据ASTM D874测试时为小于约45,000，作为选择小于约40,000，作为选择小于约35,000，作为选择小于约30,000，作为选择小于约25,000ppm的硫酸盐灰含量。
本公开内容还提供润滑内燃机的方法。润滑内燃机的方法包括步骤：将燃料和润滑剂组合物注入气缸中以形成混合物，和借助压缩点火使混合物燃烧。在各个实施方案中，将燃料和润滑剂组合物以约100:1至约1000:1，作为选择，约200:1至约400:1的比例注入气缸中。润滑剂组合物及其组分如胺、清净剂等为上文中陈述和描述的。在一个实施方案中，燃料包含硫，例如含硫的柴油燃料。
在典型实施方案中，润滑剂组合物用于柴油机(在本领域中也称为压缩点火发动机)中。柴油机通常为使用压缩热引发点火并使燃料燃烧的内燃机，并将润滑剂组合物注入气缸/燃烧室中。压缩点火发动机与使用火花塞使空气-燃料混合物点燃的火花点火发动机如汽油(汽油)机或气体发动机(与汽油相反，使用气体燃料)相反。在一个具体实施方案中，内燃机进一步定义为用于海船的压缩点火内燃机，即船用内燃机。在另一具体实施方案中，内燃机进一步定义为用于火车的压缩点火内燃机，即火车或铁路内燃机。当然，无灰燃料添加剂不限于用于船用应用的内燃机中。本文还预期无灰燃料添加剂用于其它内燃机中用于其它应用，例如汽车、货车、飞机、火车、摩托车、小型摩托车、ATV、草坪设备等。
在该方法中，将包含组合燃料和润滑剂组合物的混合物注入/引入内燃机的气缸中并燃烧以使活塞移动并向内燃机供以动力。在一个实施方案中，燃料和润滑剂在注入气缸中以前组合。在另一实施方案中，将燃料和润滑剂分别注入气缸中。在又一实施方案中，燃料和润滑剂在气缸中组合。
以下实施例意欲阐述本公开内容并且决不视为限制本公开内容的范围。
实施例
实施例1-3为根据本公开内容的润滑剂组合物。实施例1-3包含胺、清净剂和分散剂。实施例1-3的润滑剂组合物中的组分和各个组分的量描述于下表1中。
为形成实施例1-3，首先形成基础组合物(基础浓缩物)。为形成基础组合物，将基油、清净剂、消泡剂、倾点下降剂和分散剂加入容器中并在70℃下混合1小时。接着，将抗磨添加剂和抗氧化剂加入容器中，并将组分在50℃下进一步混合1小时以形成基础组合物。一旦形成，将基础组合物、胺和其它基油以表1中所述量在50℃下混合另外1小时以形成各实施例。
表1
基础浓缩物组分：
清净剂为过碱性磺酸钙清净剂。
消泡剂为聚硅氧烷消泡剂。
倾点下降剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯倾点下降剂。
分散剂为聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐多胺。
抗氧化剂为胺。
抗磨添加剂为ZDDP。
胺A为具有以下结构的胺：
其中R4为线性C9-C11烃。
胺B为N,N-二甲基环己胺。
胺C为二异丙基乙胺。
基油A为高粘度基油。
基油B为低粘度基油。
实施例1-3的润滑剂组合物的各物理性能描述于下表2中。
表2
现在参考表2，包含胺的实施例1-3得到较低的硫酸盐灰含量。另外，实施例1-3显示出优异的溶解性并且在储存时不相分离和/或不得到沉淀物。
应当理解所附权利要求书不限于详细说明中描述的明确和特定化合物、组合物或方法，其可在落入所附权利要求书的范围内的特定实施方案之间变化。关于本文描述各个实施方案的特定特征或方面所依赖的任何马库什群组，应当理解不同的、特殊和/或出乎意料的结果可独立于所有其它马库什成员而由相应马库什群组的各成员得到。可单独或组合地依赖马库什群组的各成员并提供对所附权利要求书范围内的具体实施方案的适当支持。
还应当理解在描述本发明的各实施方案中依赖的任何范围和子范围独立和集合地落入所附权利要求书的范围内，并且应当理解描述和预期本文中的所有范围，包括整数和/或分数值，即使这类值在本文中没有明确书写。本领域技术人员容易认识到列举的范围和子范围充分描述并赋予本发明的各实施方案，且这类范围和子范围可进一步描述为相关二分之一、三分之一、四分之一、五分之一等等。仅举一个实例，“0.1-0.9”的范围可进一步描述为下三分之一，即0.1-0.3，中间三分之一，即0.4-0.6，和上三分之一，即0.7-0.9，其单独和集合地在所附权利要求书的范围内，并且可单独和/或集合地被依赖并提供对所附权利要求书范围内的具体实施方案的适当支持。
另外，关于限定或修饰范围的语句，例如“至少”、“大于”、“小于”、“不多于”等，应当理解这类语句包括子范围和/或上限或下限。作为另一实例，“至少10”的范围固有地包括至少10至35的子范围、至少10至25的子范围、25-35的子范围等等，且各个子范围可单独和/或集合地被依赖并提供对所附权利要求书范围内的具体实施方案的适当支持。最后，可依赖于所公开的范围内的单独数字并提供对所附权利要求书范围内的具体实施方案的适当支持。例如，“1-9”的范围包括各单独整数，例如3，以及包含小数点的各数字(或分数)，例如4.1，其可被依赖并提供对所附权利要求书范围内的具体实施方案的适当支持。
本发明以说明性方式描述，且应当理解使用的术语意欲为描述而不是限制性措辞的性质。鉴于以上教导，对本发明的许多改进和变化是可能的，且本发明可不同于具体描述的那些实践。
Claims (25)
1.用于压缩点火内燃机的润滑剂组合物，所述润滑剂组合物包含：
(i)具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为200至600mg KOH/g的总碱值(“TBN”)的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂，和
(ii)选自金属磺酸盐、酚盐、水杨酸盐、羧酸盐、硫代膦酸盐及其组合的清净剂，
其中所述润滑剂组合物的TBN在根据ASTM D2896测试时为20至130mgKOH/g；且
其中所述胺对所述润滑剂组合物的所述TBN的TBN贡献为大于30％；
其中所述胺以基于所述润滑剂组合物的总重量为5重量％至45重量％的量存在；
其中所述润滑剂组合物具有在根据ASTM D874测试时为小于45,000ppm的硫酸盐灰分值；
其中所述胺选自：
及其组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述胺对所述润滑剂组合物的所述TBN的TBN贡献大于所述清净剂对所述润滑剂组合物的所述TBN的TBN贡献。
3.根据权利要求1所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述胺具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为250至550mg KOH/g的TBN。
4.根据权利要求2所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述胺具有以下结构：
5.根据权利要求2所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述胺具有以下结构：
6.根据权利要求2所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述胺具有以下结构：
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述清净剂包含过碱性金属。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述清净剂以基于所述润滑剂组合物的总重量为0.1至35重量％的量存在。
9.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物，其进一步包含聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐多胺和/或聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺多胺。
10.根据权利要求9所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐多胺和/或聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺多胺具有200至3000克/摩尔的重均分子量(Mw)。
11.根据权利要求9所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐多胺和/或所述聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺多胺以基于所述润滑剂组合物的总重量为0.1至10重量％的量存在。
12.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物，其进一步包含选自API I组油、API II组油、API III组油、API IV组油、API V组油及其组合的基油。
13.根据权利要求12所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述基油包含API I组油。
14.根据权利要求12所述 的润滑剂组合物，其中所述基油以基于所述润滑剂组合物的总重量为50至95重量％的量存在。
15.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物，其进一步包含选自聚硅氧烷消泡剂、丙烯酸酯共聚物消泡剂及其组合的消泡剂，且其中所述消泡剂以基于所述润滑剂组合物的总重量为1至1000ppm的量存在。
16.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物，其在暴露于60℃的温度90天时保持均匀且不相分离。
17.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物，其具有在根据ASTMD874测试时为小于45,000ppm的硫酸盐灰分值。
18.船用气缸润滑剂组合物，其包含根据权利要求1-17中任一项的所述润滑剂组合物。
19.用于压缩点火内燃机的润滑剂组合物，所述润滑剂组合物包含：
(i)具有以下结构的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂：
(ii)包含金属磺酸盐的清净剂，和
(iii)聚丁烯基琥珀酸酐多胺，
其中所述润滑剂组合物的TBN在根据ASTM D2896测试时为20至130mg KOH/g；且
其中所述胺对所述润滑剂组合物的所述TBN的TBN贡献为大于30％；
其中所述胺以基于所述润滑剂组合物的总重量为5重量％至45重量％的量存在；
其中所述润滑剂组合物具有在根据ASTM D874测试时为小于45,000ppm的硫酸盐灰分值。
20.船用气缸润滑剂组合物，其包含：
(i)具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为200至600mg KOH/g的总碱值(“TBN”)的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂，
(ii)选自金属磺酸盐、酚盐、水杨酸盐、羧酸盐、硫代膦酸盐及其组合的清净剂，任选
(iii)聚烯基琥珀酸酐多胺，和
(iv)选自API I组油、API II组油、API III组油、API IV组油、API V组油及其组合的基油，
其中所述润滑剂组合物的TBN在根据ASTM D2896测试时为20至130mg KOH/g；且
其中所述胺对所述润滑剂组合物的所述TBN的TBN贡献为大于30％；
其中所述胺以基于所述润滑剂组合物的总重量为5重量％至45重量％的量存在；
其中所述润滑剂组合物具有在根据ASTM D874测试时为小于45,000ppm的硫酸盐灰分值；
其中所述胺选自：
及其组合。
21.用根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述 的润滑剂组合物润滑内燃机的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(A)将燃料和润滑剂组合物注入气缸中以形成混合物，所述润滑剂组合物包含：
(i)具有在根据ASTM D2896测试时为200至600mg KOH/g的TBN的胺作为无灰燃料添加剂，
(ii)选自金属磺酸盐、酚盐、水杨酸盐及其组合的清净剂，
其中润滑剂组合物的TBN在根据ASTM D2896测试时为20至130mg KOH/g；且
其中胺对润滑剂组合物的TBN的TBN贡献为润滑剂组合物的TBN的大于30％；
(B)借助压缩点火使包含燃料和润滑剂组合物的混合物燃烧。
22.根据权利要求21所述 的润滑内燃机的方法，其中润滑剂组合物进一步包含聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐多胺和/或聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺多胺。
23.根据权利要求21所述 的润滑内燃机的方法，其中燃料为包含硫的柴油燃料。
24.根据权利要求21所述 的润滑内燃机的方法，其中内燃机为船用发动机。
25.根据权利要求21所述 的润滑内燃机的方法，其中燃料和润滑剂组合物以100:1至1000:1的比例组合。
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