JP6404934B2 - 直噴エンジン用潤滑剤組成物 - Google Patents
直噴エンジン用潤滑剤組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6404934B2 JP6404934B2 JP2016544002A JP2016544002A JP6404934B2 JP 6404934 B2 JP6404934 B2 JP 6404934B2 JP 2016544002 A JP2016544002 A JP 2016544002A JP 2016544002 A JP2016544002 A JP 2016544002A JP 6404934 B2 JP6404934 B2 JP 6404934B2
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- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- present
- base oil
- ashless
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
- C10M135/04—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Description
開示した技術は内燃機関用の潤滑剤、特に火花点火式直噴エンジン用の潤滑剤に関する。
開示した技術により、油だめに潤滑粘度の油と無灰酸化防止剤とを含む潤滑剤組成物を供給することを含む、火花点火式直噴式内燃機関における低速プレイグニッション事象を低減させる方法を提供する。無灰酸化防止剤は、フェノール系化合物、アリールアミン化合物および硫化オレフィンから、特に、2,6−ヒンダードフェノールおよびジアリールアミン化合物から選択され得る。
一実施形態において、例えば、以下の項目が提供される。
(項目1)
火花点火式直噴式内燃機関における低速プレイグニッション事象を低減させる方法であって、該内燃機関に潤滑粘度の基油と無灰酸化防止剤とを含む潤滑剤組成物を供給することを含む方法。
(項目2)
前記内燃機関が、正味平均有効圧力(BMEP)が10バールより大きいかまたは10バールに等しい負荷の下で運転される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記内燃機関が、3,000rpmより遅いかまたは3,000rpmに等しい速度で運転される、項目1または2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記内燃機関が、液状炭化水素燃料、液状非炭化水素燃料またはそれらの混合物を燃料供給される、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記内燃機関が、天然ガス、液化石油ガス(LPG)、圧縮天然ガス(CNG)またはそれらの混合物によって燃料供給される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記無灰酸化防止剤が、フェノール酸化防止剤、アリールアミン酸化防止剤、硫化オレフィン酸化防止剤およびその組合せのうちの1種類またはそれより多くを含む、項目1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記潤滑剤組成物がさらに、無灰分散剤、金属含有過塩基性清浄剤、リン含有耐摩耗添加剤、摩擦調整剤および高分子粘度調整剤から選択される少なくとも1種類の他の添加剤を含む、項目1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記無灰酸化防止剤が2,6−ジアルキルフェノールから誘導されるものである、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記無灰酸化防止剤がジアリールアミン化合物である、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記無灰酸化防止剤が前記潤滑剤組成物の0.1〜5重量パーセントの量で存在している、項目1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記潤滑組成物がさらに、該組成物の0.5〜4重量%の量のポリアルケニルスクシンイミド分散剤を含む、項目1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記潤滑組成物が少なくとも50重量%のグループIIの基油、グループIIIの基油またはそれらの混合物を含む、項目1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目13)
少なくとも10パーセントのLSPI事象の回数の減少がある、項目1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記低速プレイグニッション事象が100,000回の燃焼事象あたり20回未満のLSPI事象まで低減される、項目1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
種々の好ましい特徴および実施形態を以下に、非限定的な実例によって説明する。
本発明の方法は火花点火式内燃機関を運転させることを伴う。該内燃機関の運転条件および潤滑剤の組成に加えて、燃料の組成もLSPI事象に影響を及ぼし得る。一実施形態において、燃料は、周囲温度で液体あり、火花点火式エンジンへの燃料供給に有用な燃料、周囲温度でガス状である燃料またはその組合せを構成するものであり得る。
潤滑組成物は、潤滑粘度の油を含む。かかる油としては、天然油および合成油、水素化分解、水素化および水素化仕上げにより得られる油、未精製油、精製油、再精製油またはそれらの混合物が挙げられる。未精製油、精製油および再精製油のさらに詳細な説明は、国際公開WO2008/147704の段落[0054]〜[0056]に示されている(同様の開示が米国特許出願公開第2010/197536号に示されており、[0072]〜[0073]を参照のこと)。天然および合成の潤滑油のさらに詳細な説明はWO2008/147704のそれぞれ段落[0058]〜[0059]に記載されている(同様の開示が米国特許出願公開第2010/197536号に示されており、[0075]〜[0076]を参照のこと)。また、合成油はフィッシャー・トロプシュ反応によって作製されるものであってもよく、典型的には水素化異性化フィッシャー・トロプシュ炭化水素またはワックスであり得る。一実施形態において、油は、フィッシャー・トロプシュ・ガス・ツー・リキッド合成手順によって調製されるものならびに他のガス・ツー・リキッド油であり得る。
酸化防止剤は、酸化分解および熱分解を抑制するまたは遅延させることにより、有機成分を含む潤滑剤組成物などの有機組成物の酸化防止性能をもたらすもの、および/または改善するものである。好適な酸化防止剤は、活性において触媒的または化学量論的なものであり得、フリーラジカル(例えば、過酸化物)を抑止し得るまたは分解し得る任意の化合物が包含され得る。
本発明の組成物は、任意選択で1種類またはそれより多くのさらなる性能添加剤を含んでもよい。このようなさらなる性能添加剤としては、1種類またはそれより多くの金属不活性化剤、粘度調整剤、清浄剤、摩擦調整剤、耐摩耗剤、腐食防止剤、分散剤、分散粘度調整剤、極圧剤、酸化防止剤(本発明のもの以外)、消泡剤、抗乳化剤、流動点降下剤、シール膨潤剤、およびその任意の組合せまたは混合物が挙げられ得る。典型的には、完全配合潤滑剤には、これらの性能添加剤のうちの1種類またはそれより多く、多くの場合では一連の複数種類の性能添加剤が含有される。
上記のように、本発明により、内燃機関に本明細書に開示した潤滑組成物を供給することを含む、内燃機関を潤滑する方法を提供する。一般的に、該潤滑剤は内燃機関の潤滑システムに添加され、次いで、該システムにより潤滑組成物が、該内燃機関の運転中に潤滑が必要とされるその重要なパーツに送達される。
アルミニウム表面は、共晶または過共晶アルミニウム合金(例えば、ケイ酸アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウムまたは他のセラミック材料から誘導されるもの)であり得るアルミニウム合金で構成されたものであり得る。アルミニウム表面は、アルミニウム合金またはアルミニウム複合材を有するシリンダーボア、シリンダーブロックまたはピストンリング上に存在し得る。
さらに本発明を、特に好都合な実施形態を示す以下の実施例によって例示する。本実施例は本発明を例示するために示しているが、本実施例は本発明を限定することを意図するものではない。
潤滑粘度のグループIIIの基油で一連のエンジン潤滑剤を、上記の添加剤ならびに慣用的な添加剤、例えば高分子粘度調整剤、無灰スクシンイミド分散剤、過塩基性清浄剤、酸化防止剤(フェノール系エステルとジアリールアミンの組合せ)、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛(ZDDP)、ならびに以下のとおり(表1および表2)の他の性能添加剤を含有させて調製する。また、一部において、各実施例がこれらの物質を同様の量で有し、したがって比較例と本発明の実施例との適正な比較がなされていることを示すために、各実施例のリン含有量、硫黄分および灰分も表中に示す。
低速プレイグニッション事象を2種類のエンジン、Ford 2.0L EcoboostエンジンとGM 2.0L Ecotecにおいて測定する。これらのエンジンはどちらもターボチャージ式ガソリン直噴(GDI)エンジンである。Ford Ecoboostエンジンは2段階で運転させる。第1段階では、エンジンを1500rpmおよび14.4バールの正味平均有効圧力(BMEP)で運転させる。第2段階中は、エンジンを1750rpmおよび17.0バールのBMEPで運転させる。各段階でエンジンを25,000回の燃焼サイクルで実験し、LSPI事象をカウントする。
Claims (14)
- 火花点火式直噴式内燃機関における低速プレイグニッション事象を低減させる方法であって、該内燃機関に潤滑粘度の基油と無灰酸化防止剤とを含む潤滑剤組成物を供給することを含み、該内燃機関が、正味平均有効圧力(BMEP)が10バールより大きいかまたは10バールに等しい負荷の下で運転される、方法。
- 前記内燃機関が、3,000rpmより遅いかまたは3,000rpmに等しい速度で運転される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記内燃機関が、液状炭化水素燃料、液状非炭化水素燃料またはそれらの混合物を燃料供給される、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記内燃機関が、天然ガス、液化石油ガス(LPG)、圧縮天然ガス(CNG)またはそれらの混合物によって燃料供給される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記無灰酸化防止剤が、フェノール酸化防止剤、アリールアミン酸化防止剤、硫化オレフィン酸化防止剤およびその組合せのうちの1種類またはそれより多くを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑剤組成物がさらに、無灰分散剤、金属含有過塩基性清浄剤、リン含有耐摩耗添加剤、摩擦調整剤および高分子粘度調整剤から選択される少なくとも1種類の他の添加剤を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記無灰酸化防止剤が2,6−ジアルキルフェノールから誘導されるものである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記無灰酸化防止剤がジアリールアミン化合物である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記無灰酸化防止剤が前記潤滑剤組成物の0.1〜5重量パーセントの量で存在している、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物がさらに、該組成物の0.5〜4重量%の量のポリアルケニルスクシンイミド分散剤を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物が少なくとも50重量%のグループIIの基油、グループIIIの基油またはそれらの混合物を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも10パーセントのLSPI事象の回数の減少がある、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記低速プレイグニッション事象が100,000回の燃焼事象あたり20回未満のLSPI事象まで低減される、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 火花点火式直噴式内燃機関における低速プレイグニッション事象を低減させる方法であって、該内燃機関に、潤滑粘度の基油と、潤滑剤組成物の0.1〜0.5重量パーセントの量の、硫化オレフィンを含む無灰酸化防止剤とを含む潤滑剤組成物を供給することを含み、該内燃機関が、正味平均有効圧力(BMEP)が10バールより大きいかまたは10バールに等しい負荷の下で運転される、方法。
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EP3047001A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
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SG11201602048SA (en) | 2016-04-28 |
CA2924890A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
EP3878933A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
CN106062158A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
JP2016531994A (ja) | 2016-10-13 |
EP3047001B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
CN106062158B (zh) | 2021-12-31 |
BR112016006107A2 (pt) | 2017-08-01 |
WO2015042337A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
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