CN105842055A - Strength testing fixture using uniaxial testing machine for variable-proportion biaxial loading - Google Patents
Strength testing fixture using uniaxial testing machine for variable-proportion biaxial loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN105842055A CN105842055A CN201610146635.1A CN201610146635A CN105842055A CN 105842055 A CN105842055 A CN 105842055A CN 201610146635 A CN201610146635 A CN 201610146635A CN 105842055 A CN105842055 A CN 105842055A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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Abstract
The invention provides a biaxial tensile strength testing fixture. With the fixture, variable-proportion biaxial tensile strength testing of a cross sample can be carried out with a uniaxial testing machine. The fixture is characterized by comprising an upper chuck, a primary lever crossbeam, a primary connecting rod, a secondary lever crossbeam, a secondary connecting rod, a loosening and tightening nut, a wire rope connector, a wire rope, a grooved flywheel, a bearing pedestal, a bearing, cross guide rails, a clamp with a slide block, a test piece, a base and a lower chuck. With the fixture, biaxial tensile strength testing of various load proportions can be implemented with the uniaxial testing machine. The fixture distributes pulling force at four directions in virtue of the lever balance theory, and pulling force at two axial directions of the test piece can be solved through static equilibrium, so usage of force sensors is avoided; moreover, the uniaxial testing machine is made full use of, the problems of lack of special biaxial strength testing equipment and high testing cost are overcome, and technical support is provided for determination of material performance and structural strength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention devises a kind of biaxial stretch-formed strength test fixture, and this fixture achieves and utilizes single axis test machines to four-bladed vane sample
Carry out the biaxial stretch-formed strength test of multiple loading ratio, belong to experimental test technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, along with developing rapidly of material technology, because the performance of its excellence (high specific strength, high specific stiffness and excellence
Fatigue behaviour and good designability etc.), plain woven composite be more and more applied in engineering structure replace pass
System metal structure, particularly at aerospace field, as composite material blade of helicopter, aircraft skin, electromotor are write down.
But different from isotropic traditional metal materials, plain woven composite is the most anisotropic, its intensity and bullet
Property performance can not determine have test to show under tandem-axle load as metal material by simple single pass test, glass fibre
Plain woven composite intensity declines up to 35% relative to uniaxial strengeth.And in actual applications, plain woven composite
Structure is often in multi-axis stress state, if the most the same with Metal Structure Design process, according to plain woven composite
Unidirectional elastic performance parameter use safe factor method ensure structural safety, structure efficiency can be made low, it is impossible to give full play to
The excellent properties of plain woven composite.Therefore a lot of scholar of recent domestic to plane composite material at multi-axis stress state,
Performance under the most biaxial stretch-formed load has carried out a large amount of theory and numerically modeling.Biaxial tension-compression strength test checking aspect, but
Because biaxial tension-compression strength needs special testing machine to receive the biggest restriction so that correlation theory research lacks strong examination
Checking, thus constrain the development that the biaxial stretch-formed prediction of strength of plain woven composite is theoretical in turn.In view of gold at present
The uniaxial test belonging to material has developed the most ripe, and the use of single axis test machines is the most universal, to this end, invented one herein
The strength test fixture of control with changed scale Biaxial stress, utilizes this fixture can carry out the examination of control with changed scale biaxial stretch-formed intensity on single axis test machines
Test, solve the difficult problem that biaxial strength test Special Equipment is deficient, experimentation cost is high, measure for material property and structural strength and carry
For technical support.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to invent a kind of biaxial stretch-formed strength test fixture, utilize single axis test machines to carry out four-bladed vane sample change
Ratio Biaxial stress strength test, measures the biaxial strength of the material such as metal and composite and structure.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
1) present invention is the biaxial stretch-formed strength test fixture that a kind of available single axis test machines carries out control with changed scale loading, and it is by upper
Chuck, primary lever crossbeam, one-level connecting rod, second lever crossbeam, two grades of connecting rods, tightening nut, steel wire rope connector, steel
Cord, trough of belt flywheel, bearing block, bearing, cross guide rail, the fixture of band slide block, testpieces, base, lower chuck form,
Position annexation between them is: upper grip is clamped on single axis test machines upper grip, and primary lever crossbeam and upper grip lead to
Cross chain connection and constitute primary lever, two one-level small ends are connected in primary lever two ends, connecting rod two ends respectively by hinge
Band ears, are connected through the hinge and connect and compose two second levers, two second lever two ends respectively with two second lever crossbeams
Being connected with tightening nut by two grades of connecting rods, it is fixed that tightening nut walks around trough of belt respectively by four steel wires that steel wire rope connector connects
Pulley (fixed pulley is fixed on bearing block by trough of belt flywheel and constitutes, and bearing block is bolted four ends of cross guide rail on base,
Guide rail is bolted on base) it is connected with the fixture slide block on four cross guide rails, four fixtures and cross testpieces
Being connected, base is connected with lower chuck by bolt, is gripped by single axis test machines lower chuck.
Described upper grip is hardware, and upper end is with the bare terminal end matched with uniaxial test machine clamp, and lower part is with one
The ears that level lever crossbeam pan is corresponding.
Described primary lever crossbeam is made up of steel, and its two ends are with the hinge mounting hole mated with connecting rod ears, crossbeam middle
There is a chain connection hole.
Described one-level connecting rod is hardware, and phase, with through hole ears, is installed with I and II lever crossbeam pan respectively in two ends
Coupling.
Described second lever crossbeam is made up of steel, and crossbeam has position, hole, multiple hinge links hole, and every kind of hinge installation site is corresponding
A kind of specific load proportion distribution.
Described two grades of connecting rods are hardware, and upper end is with the ears matched with second lever crossbeam two ends pan, and lower end is
The screw thread matched with tightening nut.
Described tightening nut is long outer-hexagonal nut.
Described steel wire rope connector is hardware, and tight structure is stung with clamping steel wire rope in lower end, upper end with
The screw thread that tightening nut matches.
Described cross guide rail is made up of the Z-shaped beam being fixed on base, and each guide rail of cross guide rail is by two Parallel Symmetrics
The guide-track groove that the Z-shaped beam being fixed on base is constituted.
The fixture of described band slide block is made up of steel, and holder part is made up of " C " font square steel, and its upper surface is equipped with screw thread
Through hole, lower surface interior surface is milled with the annular knurl increasing friction, is lower surface between testpieces retained part and fixture upper surface
Being milled with the steel clamps pressing plate of annular knurl, the upper surface of clamp platen has the groove matched with fixture upper surface tapped through hole, logical
Crossing tights a bolt clamps testpieces steel plate applying pressure, and the slide block that fixture and cross guide rail groove match collectively forms band slide block
Fixture, can have steel wire rope installing hole and compressing structure on slide on rails, slide block.
Described testpieces is one piece of cruciform specimen, and four ends of cross are bare terminal end, and four bare terminal end upper and lower surfaces post reinforced sheet,
Central square region is efficiency test district, and two cross axles in this region have upwards demarcated graduation mark.
Described base is hardware, and it is by stamping lower chuck connecting screw hole, cross guide rail even on one block of cross steel plate
Connect screw and bearing block installation screw is constituted.
Described lower chuck is hardware, and it accommodates section and matches with uniaxial test machine clamp, and with the connection mated with base
End.
The biaxial strength test principle utilizing this fixture is as follows:
Upper grip and lower chuck are clamped on the upper and lower fixture of single axis test machines respectively fixing, connect each portion as described above
After part, the sleeve of adjusting elasticity nut so that I and II lever is in balance and is in level, now due to system
Size design, it is ensured that all steel wire ropes and connecting rod are in vertical state.Slowly nigration machine top connection position is executed then up
Adding load, may certify that under the conditions of small deformation, I and II lever will be always maintained at balance, and be horizontal.According to
Lever balance theory, the connecting rod being subject at second lever fulcrum pulling force upwards equal to testing machine to primary lever by upper grip to
On pulling force 1/2, and second lever is by driving the steel wire rope at two ends, and steel wire rope tightened the tension force of generation and turned to by fixed pulley,
Become the horizontal pull driving band slide clamp, thus realize biaxial stretch-formed to cross sample.Can to second lever force analysis
Knowing, the tension force sum of second lever two ends steel wire rope is equal to the one-level connecting rod pulling force to second lever, Tensity size and steel wire rope two
End is inversely proportional to second lever hinge distance, is i.e. inversely proportional to the second lever two ends arm of force, therefore can be by regulation second lever
Hinging fulcrum position on second lever crossbeam controls its two ends steel wire rope tension ratio, thus Control experiment part two is axial
Loading ratio.
This fixture is used to utilize single axis test machines that four-bladed vane sample carries out the concrete steps of biaxial tension-compression strength of multiple loading ratio
As follows:
Step one, designs and manufactures lower chuck, base, cross guide rail, bearing block, bearing, trough of belt flywheel, testpieces, band
The parts such as primary lever crossbeam needed for the fixture of slide block, different loading ratio, second lever crossbeam, upper grip, by these zero
Part assembling is integral, forms pilot system.
Step 2, is placed on testpieces in band slide clamp, and adjusting slider position makes testpieces press from both sides after being in base central authorities as far as possible
Tightly, measure respectively with slide gauge and record the spacing between the upper graduation mark demarcated of testpieces central square area two
L10,L20, adjusting elasticity nut, make all steel wire ropes tighten, I and II lever is horizontal simultaneously.
Step 3, moves up single axis test machines imposed load, to a certain load F1Time, suspend and load, with slide gauge respectively
Measure and record graduation mark spacing L that testpieces central square area both direction is demarcated11,L21And correspondence load F1, then
Continue to load, when load increases Δ F, suspend and load, measure and record testpieces central authorities respectively with slide gauge square
Graduation mark spacing L that shape region both direction is demarcated12,L22And correspondence load F2, so repeat, until testpieces destroys.
Step 4, change testpieces repeat step one, two, three.
Step 5, by changing corresponding primary lever crossbeam, regulates second lever chain connection position, repeats step one to step
Rapid four, the biaxial tension-compression strength that other different proportions load can be realized.
Advantage and effect: the biaxial tension-compression strength fixture that the present invention provides can complete the double of multiple load proportion on single axis test machines
Axle tension test, takes full advantage of existing uniaxial test equipment, solves that biaxial tensile test equipment is deficient, apparatus expensive causes
Biaxial tensile test difficulty, provide for theoretical research and engineering design and provide powerful support for, simultaneously this fixture by lever balance former
Reason carries out the distribution of four direction pulling force, testpieces two axially on pulling force directly can be obtained by standing balance, it is to avoid make
With force cell, simplify assay device, save cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further described with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 fixture overall structure figure.
In Fig. 1: 1. upper grip, 2. primary lever crossbeam, 3 one-level connecting rod, 4. second lever crossbeams, 5. two grades of connecting rods,
6. tightening nut, 7. steel wire rope connector, 8. steel wire rope, 9. trough of belt flywheel, 10. bearing block, 11.Z word beam is constituted
Cross guide rail, 12. steel wire rope hold-down bolts, 13. band slide clamp, 14. pressing plate hold-down bolts, 15. clamp platen,
16. testpieces, 17. lower chucks.
Fig. 2 base and upper part mounting structure figure thereof.
Fig. 3 testpieces structure chart.
In Fig. 3: 1. reinforced sheet, the most cross testpieces.
Fig. 4 upper grip structure chart.
Fig. 5 primary lever beam structure figure
Fig. 6 one-level connecting rod
Fig. 7 second lever beam structure figure.
In Fig. 7, pan 1,2,3,4 loading ratios corresponding respectively are 1:3,1:1,2:1,4:1.
Bis-grades of connecting rod schematic diagrams of Fig. 8.
One side schematic diagram of Fig. 9 cross slide rail.
Figure 10 band slide clamp.
Figure 11 clamp platen.
Figure 12 trough of belt flywheel.
Figure 13 lower chuck.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the specifically used of the present invention it is described and realizes principle.
Install fixture according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and clamped four ends of testpieces and make testpieces be in base center, upper lower chuck (1
With 17) connect single axis test machines respectively, and make primary lever and second lever balance according to Fig. 1 adjusting elasticity nut 6 and be in water
Mean place, steel wire rope 8 is in tensioned state.Starting single axis test machines, Slow loading, at this moment, if upper grip is by testing machine
Pulling force upwards be F, then from lever balance theory, two second lever crossbeams are propped up the pulling force pointed out by one-level connecting rod 3
It is F/2, second lever force analysis is understood, pulling force size and two ends power suffered by two grades of connecting rods 5 at second lever crossbeam two ends
Arm only ratio is inversely proportional to, and therefore by tightening nut, the pulling force of steel wire rope 8 is also met certain ratio when two grades of connecting rods, so that
Steel wire rope walk around trough of belt flywheel 9 constitute fixed pulley pull band slide clamp, to testpieces load time, just have four-bladed vane to try
Test the pulling force ratio suffered by part both direction completely by the arm of force only ratio decision of second lever two ends, even if also by this fixture, only need
The second lever fulcrum hinge to be changed position on crossbeam, it is possible to realize utilizing single axis test machines to carry out control with changed scale biaxial stretch-formed
Test.
Claims (1)
1. a biaxial tension-compression strength fixture, uses this fixture at single axis test machines, four-bladed vane sample can carry out multiple loading ratio
Biaxial tension-compression strength, it is characterized by: it be by upper grip, primary lever crossbeam, one-level connecting rod, second lever crossbeam, two
Level connecting rod, tightening nut, steel wire rope connector, steel wire rope, trough of belt flywheel, bearing block, bearing, cross guide rail, band slide block
Fixture, testpieces, base, lower chuck composition, the position annexation between them is: upper grip is clamped in uniaxial test
On machine upper grip, primary lever crossbeam and upper grip are connected through the hinge composition primary lever, are passed through by two one-level small ends
Hinge is connected in primary lever two ends, connecting rod two ends band ears respectively, is connected through the hinge and is connected with two second lever crossbeams respectively
Constituting second lever, two second lever two ends are connected with tightening nut by two grades of connecting rods, and tightening nut is connected by steel wire rope
Head connect four steel wires walk around respectively trough of belt fixed pulley (fixed pulley is fixed on bearing block by trough of belt flywheel and constitutes, bearing block by
Being bolted to four ends of cross guide rail on base, guide rail is bolted on base) with four cross guide rails on fixture
Slide block is connected, and four fixtures are connected with cross testpieces, and base is connected with lower chuck, by under single axis test machines by bolt
Grips is fixed.
Described upper grip is hardware, and upper end is with the bare terminal end matched with uniaxial test machine clamp, and lower part is with one
The ears that level lever crossbeam pan is corresponding.
Described primary lever crossbeam is made up of steel, and its two ends are with the hinge mounting hole mated with connecting rod ears, crossbeam middle
There is a chain connection hole.
Described one-level connecting rod is hardware, and phase, with through hole ears, is installed with I and II lever crossbeam pan respectively in two ends
Coupling.
Described second lever crossbeam is made up of steel, and crossbeam has position, hole, multiple hinge links hole, and every kind of hinge installation site is corresponding
A kind of specific load proportion distribution.
Described two grades of connecting rods are hardware, and upper end is with the ears matched with second lever crossbeam two ends pan, and lower end is
The screw thread matched with tightening nut.
Described tightening nut is long outer-hexagonal nut.
Described steel wire rope connector is hardware, and tight structure is stung with clamping steel wire rope in lower end, upper end with
The screw thread that tightening nut matches.
Described cross guide rail is made up of the Z-shaped beam being fixed on base, and each guide rail of cross guide rail is by two Parallel Symmetrics
The guide-track groove that the Z-shaped beam being fixed on base is constituted.
The fixture of described band slide block is made up of steel, and holder part is made up of " C " font square steel, and its upper surface is equipped with screw thread
Through hole, lower surface interior surface is milled with the annular knurl increasing friction, is lower surface between testpieces retained part and fixture upper surface
Being milled with the steel clamps pressing plate of annular knurl, the upper surface of clamp platen has the groove matched with fixture upper surface tapped through hole, logical
Crossing tights a bolt clamps testpieces steel plate applying pressure, and the slide block that fixture and cross guide rail groove match collectively forms band slide block
Fixture, can have steel wire rope installing hole and compressing structure on slide on rails, slide block.
Described testpieces is one piece of cruciform specimen, and four ends of cross are bare terminal end, and four bare terminal end upper and lower surfaces post reinforced sheet,
Central square region is efficiency test district, and two cross axles in this region have upwards demarcated graduation mark.
Described base is hardware, and it is by stamping lower chuck connecting screw hole, cross guide rail even on one block of cross steel plate
Connect screw and bearing block installation screw is constituted.
Described lower chuck is hardware, and it accommodates section and matches with uniaxial test machine clamp, and with the connection mated with base
End.
This fixture is used to utilize single axis test machines that four-bladed vane sample carries out the concrete steps of biaxial tension-compression strength of multiple loading ratio
As follows:
Step one, designs and manufactures lower chuck, base, cross guide rail, bearing block, bearing, trough of belt flywheel, testpieces, band
The parts such as primary lever crossbeam needed for the fixture of slide block, different loading ratio, second lever crossbeam, upper grip, by these zero
Part assembling is integral, forms pilot system.
Step 2, is placed on testpieces in band slide clamp, and adjusting slider position makes testpieces press from both sides after being in base central authorities as far as possible
Tightly, measure and record graduation mark spacing L that testpieces central square area both direction is demarcated respectively with slide gauge10,L20,
Adjusting elasticity nut, makes all steel wire ropes tighten, and meanwhile, I and II lever is horizontal.
Step 3, moves up single axis test machines imposed load, to a certain load F1Time, suspend and load, with slide gauge respectively
Measure and record graduation mark spacing L that testpieces central square area both direction is demarcated11,L21And correspondence load F1, then
Continue to load, when load increases Δ F, suspend and load, measure and record testpieces central authorities respectively with slide gauge square
Graduation mark spacing L that shape region both direction is demarcated12,L22And correspondence load F2, so repeat, until testpieces destroys.
Step 4, change testpieces repeat step one, two, three.
Step 5, by changing corresponding primary lever crossbeam, regulates second lever chain connection position, repeats step one to step
Rapid four, the biaxial tension-compression strength that other different proportions load can be realized.
Functional character: this biaxial tension-compression strength fixture can complete the biaxial tension-compression strength of multiple load proportion on single axis test machines,
This fixture carries out the distribution of four direction pulling force by lever balance theory simultaneously, testpieces two axially on pulling force can be by quiet
Dynamic balance is directly obtained, and can avoid using force cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610146635.1A CN105842055B (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | A kind of strength test fixture that control with changed scale Biaxial stress is carried out using single axis test machines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610146635.1A CN105842055B (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | A kind of strength test fixture that control with changed scale Biaxial stress is carried out using single axis test machines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105842055A true CN105842055A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| CN105842055B CN105842055B (en) | 2018-05-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610146635.1A Expired - Fee Related CN105842055B (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | A kind of strength test fixture that control with changed scale Biaxial stress is carried out using single axis test machines |
Country Status (1)
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105842055B (en) |
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