CN112461652B - Testing device and method for converting uniaxial drive into biaxial variable-proportion stretching - Google Patents
Testing device and method for converting uniaxial drive into biaxial variable-proportion stretching Download PDFInfo
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- CN112461652B CN112461652B CN202011228998.2A CN202011228998A CN112461652B CN 112461652 B CN112461652 B CN 112461652B CN 202011228998 A CN202011228998 A CN 202011228998A CN 112461652 B CN112461652 B CN 112461652B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003190 viscoelastic substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the performance of a material which is converted into biaxial variable proportion stretching by uniaxial driving, in particular to a viscoelastic material which has certain deformation in the stretching process and is applicable to rubber, asphalt, amorphous high polymer, energetic material and the like; the clamping head, the upper guide rail, the lower guide rail, the guide rod, the sliding block, the stay cord, the pre-tightening device and the pulley are arranged oppositely to the upper guide rail with the same structure, the upper guide rail is connected with the guide rail through the guide rod, a groove is formed in one surface of the lower guide rail, facing the upper guide rail, of the lower guide rail, and the sliding block is arranged on the groove in a sliding manner; the biaxial tension test of various loading ratios can be completed on the material performance test device which is converted into biaxial variable ratio tension by uniaxial driving, the existing uniaxial test equipment is fully utilized, the problem of difficulty in biaxial tension test caused by lack of biaxial tension test equipment and high equipment cost is solved, and powerful support is provided for theoretical research and engineering design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing device and a testing method for converting uniaxial drive into biaxial variable-ratio stretching, which are particularly suitable for viscoelastic materials with certain deformation in the stretching process of rubber, asphalt, amorphous high polymer, energetic materials and the like.
Background
At present, the testing device used for researching the mechanical properties of materials is changed from single axis to double axis, for example, the national intellectual property agency published application number is 201811551678.3, and the name is: the invention patent of an experimental device for converting uniaxial stretching into biaxial stretching, which can realize biaxial stretching in the uniaxial condition, but the stretching is under the transverse load of variable stress and variable strain rate; the application number is 20110182232. X, and the name is published by the national intellectual property agency: the invention patent of the biaxial synchronous stretching device can realize the equal ratio stretching of the biaxial, but the stretching ratio of the biaxial is not adjustable. Further, as the state intellectual property office publishes a biaxial stretching clamp with a 201510586604.3 application number and an adjustable stretching ratio, although the ratio is adjustable under the condition of biaxial, the effective applied load of the biaxial cannot be controlled, and the contact friction inevitably causes larger error to the experiment, as the state intellectual property office publishes a simple biaxial synchronous stretching device and method with a 201610107468.X application number and an adjustable stretching ratio, the stretching process cannot control the constancy of the strain rate although the biaxial synchronous stretching can be realized. Therefore, a device and a method for realizing biaxial stretching speed and stretching load test by using a single shaft are needed, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, accurate measurement and low cost, and is suitable for biaxial stretching test and production of materials such as rubber, asphalt, solid propellant and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a testing device and a testing method for converting uniaxial driving into biaxial variable-ratio stretching.
The invention discloses a testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching, which comprises a chuck, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, a guide rod, a sliding block, a pull rope, a pre-tightening device and a pulley, wherein the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail with the same structure are oppositely arranged, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are connected through the guide rod, a first groove is formed in one surface of the lower guide rail, facing the upper guide rail, of the upper guide rail, and the sliding block is further arranged on the first groove in a sliding manner; the lower guide rail is also provided with a pulley, the pulley is arranged on the lower guide rail through a pulley connecting hole, one end of the pull rope, which bypasses the pulley, is connected with the sliding block through a pre-tightening device, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through a first pre-tightening threaded hole arranged on the upper guide rail and is connected with the upper guide rail through the pre-tightening device, and the clamping head is arranged at the center of the upper guide rail far away from the lower guide rail surface and is clamped and fixed through the loading device.
Preferably, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are cross-shaped, the first grooves on the lower guide rail are axially arranged along the lower guide rail, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are provided with a pair of pulley connecting holes along the Y-axis direction, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are provided with a plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes along the X-axis direction, and the mounting positions of the pulley connecting holes correspond to different loading proportions.
Preferably, the first pre-tightening threaded holes are formed in the periphery of the upper guide rail, the upper guide holes for connecting the guide rods are formed in the two ends of the first pre-tightening threaded holes, the first pre-tightening threaded holes and the upper guide holes are all located in the same horizontal plane, the second pre-tightening threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the lower guide rail along the X-axis direction, and the positions of the lower guide holes and the positions of the upper guide holes are in one-to-one correspondence.
Preferably, the device further comprises a supporting rod, one end of the supporting rod is connected with the lower guide rail through a supporting connecting hole in a threaded mode, the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the upper guide rail and used for supporting the upper guide rail, the supporting connecting hole is formed in two ends of the lower guide rail along the Y-axis direction, and the supporting connecting hole and the lower guide hole are located in the same horizontal plane.
Preferably, the sliding block comprises a connecting block and a sliding block, the connecting block is C-shaped, a plurality of holes are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block, a test piece can be placed into the connecting block and fixedly connected through the holes matched with pins, and a first stay cord connecting hole is further formed in the connecting block; the sliding block is characterized in that one end of the sliding block is provided with a horizontal block and a vertical block which are connected, the horizontal block and the vertical block are vertically arranged, the horizontal block is adaptive to a first groove on the lower guide rail, the vertical block is also provided with a second stay rope connecting hole, and the first stay rope connecting hole corresponds to the second stay rope connecting hole.
Preferably, the pre-tightening device passes through the first stay cord connecting hole and the second stay cord connecting hole to be connected with the sliding block, and also passes through the first pre-tightening threaded hole or/and the second pre-tightening threaded hole to be connected with the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail; the pre-tightening device comprises a pre-tightening threaded rod and a chuck lock, wherein the chuck lock is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope towards a pulley, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the pre-tightening threaded rod, the depth of a first pull rope connecting hole and the depth of a second pull rope connecting hole, which are formed by adjusting the rotating pre-tightening threaded rod to enter the sliding block, of the first pre-tightening threaded rod and the depth of a first pre-tightening threaded hole or/and the depth of a second pre-tightening threaded hole, and the diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the diameter of an inner hole of the pre-tightening threaded rod and smaller than the outer diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod.
Preferably, the clamping head comprises a cover plate and a clamping block, a protruding block is arranged at the bottom of the clamping block, a pit which is matched with the protruding block in size is formed in the middle of the cover plate, a clamping groove which is matched with the clamping block in size is further formed in the pit, and one end, far away from the protruding block, of the clamping block penetrates through the clamping groove, so that the pit is attached to the protruding block.
Preferably, the device further comprises a plane mirror, a second groove is formed in the side wall of the lower guide rail along the axial direction, a sliding piece is connected to the second groove, a screw is connected to the sliding piece in a threaded mode, a baffle and a support piece are respectively mounted at the top of the screw, the plane mirror is placed between the baffle and the support piece, and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the plane mirror and the plane where the lower guide rail is located.
Preferably, the baffle plates are arranged opposite to the support plates, and the baffle plates and the support plates are correspondingly arranged at four corners of the plane mirror.
A method of uniaxially driving a test device converted to biaxial variable ratio stretching, comprising the steps of:
step 1, assembling the parts such as a chuck, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, a guide rod, a sliding block, a pre-tightening device, a pull rope, a pulley and the like into a whole to form a test system;
step 2, placing a test piece in a slide block, connecting a pin with the test piece by penetrating through the slide block, adjusting the position of the slide block to enable the test piece to be positioned in the center of a lower guide rail, and simultaneously adjusting a pre-tightening threaded rod to enable the pre-tightening force of each pull rope to be the same;
step 3, the loading device tightens the chuck to apply motion loading and drives the upper guide rail to move upwards under the guidance of the guide rod,
the pull rope and the sliding block are driven to move, so that the test piece is stretched, when the loading device loads a certain load, the loading is suspended, the distance and the corresponding load on the test piece are measured and recorded by a vernier caliper, and the test is repeated;
and 4, installing pulleys with different numbers through pulley connecting holes, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to realize biaxial stretching tests with different proportion loading.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the biaxial tension test of various loading ratios can be completed on the material performance test device which is converted into biaxial variable ratio tension by uniaxial driving, the existing uniaxial test equipment is fully utilized, the problem of difficult biaxial tension test caused by lack of biaxial tension test equipment and expensive equipment is solved, and powerful support is provided for theoretical research and engineering design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lower rail structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the connecting block of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a slider structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a chuck according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pulley structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the pre-tightening threaded rod of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a lower guide rail; 2-a guide rod; 3-pulleys; 4-a slider; 5-upper guide rail; 6-clamping heads; 7-supporting connection holes; 8-a second pre-tightening threaded hole; 9-a first pre-tightening threaded hole; 10-a first groove; 11-lower guide holes; 12-pulley connecting holes; 13-a first pull rope connecting hole; 14-a second pull rope connecting hole; 15-cover plate; 16-clamping blocks; 17-a second groove; 18-a baffle; 19-a screw; 20-supporting sheets; 21-a slide; 22-plane mirror.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention relates to a testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching, which comprises a chuck 6, an upper guide rail 5, a lower guide rail 1, a guide rod 2, a sliding block 4, a pull rope, a pre-tightening device and a pulley 3, wherein the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 with the same structure are oppositely arranged, the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are connected through the guide rod 2, a first groove 10 is formed in one surface of the lower guide rail 1 facing the upper guide rail 5, and the sliding block 4 is further arranged on the first groove 10 in a sliding manner; the lower guide rail 1 is further provided with a pulley 3, the pulley 3 is arranged on the lower guide rail 1 through a pulley connecting hole 12, one end of a pull rope, which bypasses the pulley 3, is connected with the sliding block 4 through a pre-tightening device, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through a first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 arranged on the upper guide rail 5 and is connected with the upper guide rail 5 through the pre-tightening device, and the clamping head 6 is arranged at the center of the upper guide rail 5 far away from the surface of the lower guide rail 1 and is clamped and fixed through a loading device. The first pre-tightening threaded holes 9 are formed in the periphery of the upper guide rail 5, upper guide holes for connecting the guide rods 2 are formed in the two ends of the first pre-tightening threaded holes 9, the first pre-tightening threaded holes 9 and the upper guide holes are all located in the same horizontal plane, second pre-tightening threaded holes 8 are formed in corresponding positions of the lower guide rail 1 along the X-axis direction, and the positions of the lower guide holes 11 are set in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the upper guide holes by the lower guide rail 1. Still include the bracing piece, bracing piece one end links to each other with lower guide rail 1 screw thread through supporting connecting hole 7, and the other end links to each other with upper guide rail 5 and is used for supporting upper guide rail 5, wherein supports connecting hole 7 and locates lower guide rail 1 along the both ends of Y axle direction. The supporting connecting holes 7 and the lower guide holes 11 are all positioned in the same horizontal plane. The sliding block 4 comprises a connecting block and a sliding block, the connecting block is C-shaped, a plurality of holes are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block, a test piece can be placed into the connecting block and fixedly connected through hole matching pins, and a first pull rope connecting hole 13 is further formed in the connecting block; the sliding block is characterized in that one end of the sliding block is provided with a horizontal block and a vertical block which are connected, the horizontal block and the vertical block are vertically arranged, the horizontal block is matched with the first groove 10 on the lower guide rail 1, the vertical block is also provided with a second stay rope connecting hole 14, and the first stay rope connecting hole 13 corresponds to the second stay rope connecting hole 14. The pre-tightening device passes through the first stay rope connecting hole 13 and the second stay rope connecting hole 14 to be connected with the sliding block 4, and also passes through the first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 or/and the second pre-tightening threaded hole 8 to be connected with the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1; the pre-tightening device comprises a pre-tightening threaded rod and a chuck lock, wherein the chuck lock is fixedly connected to one end of a pull rope facing the pulley 3, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the pre-tightening threaded rod, and the depth of a first pull rope connecting hole 13 and a second pull rope connecting hole 14 of the rotating pre-tightening threaded rod entering the sliding block 4 and the depth of the first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 or/and the depth of the second pre-tightening threaded hole 8 are adjusted through the rotating pre-tightening threaded rod. The diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the diameter of the inner hole of the pre-tightening threaded rod and smaller than the outer diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod. The clamping head 6 comprises a cover plate 15 and a clamping block 16, a protruding block is arranged at the bottom of the clamping block 16, a pit which is matched with the protruding block in size is formed in the center of the cover plate 15, a clamping groove which is matched with the clamping block 16 in size is formed in the pit, and one end, far away from the protruding block, of the clamping block 16 penetrates through the clamping groove, so that the pit is attached to the protruding block.
The lower guide rail 1 in the embodiment is preferably made of stainless steel, the length of the X axis of the lower guide rail 1 is longer than that of the Y axis, the size of the upper guide rail 5 is the same as that of the lower guide rail 1, a first groove 10 is formed in the lower guide rail 1, the size of the first groove 10 is matched with that of the sliding block 4, lubricant is added in the first groove 10, the sliding block 4 can slide in the first groove 10 conveniently, the upper guide rail 5 is preferably made of aluminum alloy, the lower guide rail 1 and the upper guide rail 5 are both cross-shaped, the pulleys 3 in the embodiment are four pulley connecting holes 12 which are respectively arranged on the four ends of the lower guide rail 1, the upper guide rail 5 and the four ends of the lower guide rail 1 are also respectively provided with an upper guide hole and a lower guide hole 11, the upper guide holes and the lower guide holes 11 are in one-to-one correspondence, the upper guide rail 5 can move up and down along the guide rod 2, the lower guide holes 11 in the embodiment are threaded holes, the upper guide holes are through holes, the arranged support rods can be connected with support rods of corresponding height through the support connecting holes 7 according to requirements, and are used for supporting the upper guide rail 5; in the embodiment, the clamping head 6 is preferably made of stainless steel, the clamping head 6 is formed by a cover plate 15 and a clamping block 16, wherein the periphery of the cover plate 15 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the surface, far away from the lower guide rail 1, of the upper guide rail 5 through screws, one end of the clamping head 6 passes through a clamping groove arranged on the cover plate 15, so that a convex block is attached to a concave pit, the convex block is connected with the concave pit through screw threads, and the convex block is conveniently connected with the concave pit through screw threads, so that the clamping head 6 of different types can be replaced at any time according to different loading devices in the experiment; in this embodiment, the sliding block 4 is preferably made of stainless steel, the sliding block 4 is composed of a connecting block and a sliding block, wherein the sliding block is fixedly connected with the connecting block through an opening, the connecting block is correspondingly connected with the sliding block, so that the central axes of the first pull rope connecting hole 13 and the second pull rope connecting hole 14 are positioned in the same horizontal plane, the transverse block in this embodiment adopts a convex arrangement, the pulling force of the pull rope and the center of the sliding block are positioned in the same horizontal plane, thereby avoiding that the pulling force of the pull rope to the sliding block 4 is staggered with the reaction force of the sliding block to the sliding block 4, forming a moment, causing the sliding block 4 to deviate to cause excessive experimental error, and when the sliding block is used, only different connecting blocks need to be replaced for the sliding blocks with different sizes; the prefastening device in this embodiment is preferably made of stainless steel, and comprises a prefastening threaded rod and a chuck lock, wherein the prefastening threaded rod is mainly used for adjusting the initial stress state of a pull rope, and the chuck lock is connected with the pull rope for matching: one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the chuck lock, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the pre-tightening threaded rod, the chuck lock is overlapped with the central axis of the pre-tightening threaded rod, the two cylindrical end faces are mutually attached, free sliding of the two end faces, which are in contact with the chuck lock, of the threaded rod can be achieved, interference with each other is avoided, namely, the pull rope cannot rotate along with the rotation of the pre-tightening threaded rod, the outer diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the inner diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod, but not larger than the outer diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod, the chuck lock is conveniently hidden in the corresponding first pre-tightening threaded hole 9, the second pre-tightening threaded hole 8, the first pull rope connecting hole 13 and the second pull rope connecting hole 14, accordingly, a moment spanner is matched, the pre-tightening threaded rod is rotated, and the depth of the pre-tightening threaded rod entering the first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 or/and/or the second pre-tightening threaded rod entering the first pull rope connecting hole 13 and the second pull rope connecting hole 14 is the same, and the moment of each pre-tightening threaded rod is the same, and the initial pre-tightening force of each pull rope is the same.
Example 2
The embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, and is an improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, wherein the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are in a cross shape, the first grooves 10 on the lower guide rail 1 are arranged along the axial direction of the lower guide rail 1, the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are respectively provided with a pair of pulley connecting holes 12 along the Y-axis direction, the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes 12 along the X-axis direction, and the mounting positions of the pairs of pulley connecting holes 12 correspond to different loading proportions.
In this embodiment, different loading ratios can be adjusted, and the number of pairs of pulley connecting holes 12 arranged along the X-axis direction of the lower guide rail 1 and the upper guide rail 5 is four, and the number of pulleys 3 arranged in different numbers is respectively corresponding to 1: 1. loading in different proportions of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, so that biaxial tensile tests with various loading proportions are realized; in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, in a 1:2 ratio tensile test, compared with embodiment 1, a pair of pulleys 3 are disposed on the upper rail 5 along the X-axis direction, and the pull rope first passes through the pulleys 3 of the lower rail 1, and then passes through the pulleys 3 of the upper rail 5 and then passes out of a second pre-tightening threaded hole 8 disposed in the lower rail 1.
Example 3
The embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and is an improvement on the basis of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 9, in this embodiment, a 1:3 ratio tensile test is shown, and compared with embodiment 2, a pair of pulleys 3 are further arranged on the lower rail 1 along the X axis direction, the pull rope firstly passes through the pulley 3 near the center of the lower rail 1, then passes through the pulley 3 of the upper rail 5, passes through the other pulley 3 arranged on the lower rail 1, and then passes through the first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 arranged on the upper rail 5.
Example 4
The embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, and is an improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 or embodiment 3, and further comprises a plane mirror 22, as shown in fig. 10, a second groove 17 is axially formed in the side wall of the lower rail 1, the second groove 17 is connected with a sliding plate 21, a screw 19 is further connected with the sliding plate 21 in a threaded manner, wherein a baffle plate 18 and a supporting plate 20 are respectively mounted on the top of the screw 19, the plane mirror 22 is placed between the baffle plate 18 and the supporting plate 20, and an included angle of 45 ° is formed between the plane mirror 22 and the plane of the lower rail 1. The baffle plates 18 are arranged opposite to the support plates 20, and the baffle plates 18 and the support plates 20 are correspondingly arranged at four corners of the plane mirror 22.
In this embodiment, in order to better perform facing observation on the test piece, a plane mirror 22 is provided, so that facing observation on the test piece can be realized through mirror reflection, a plurality of second grooves 17 are axially arranged on the side walls of four arms of the cross-shaped lower guide rail 1, the second grooves 17 are in a zigzag shape, a sliding plate 21 is connected in a matched manner, teeth arranged at the bottom of the sliding plate 21 are adapted to the second grooves 17, one end of the sliding plate 21 provided with the teeth is inserted into the second grooves 17, the sliding plate 21 can be prevented from moving back and forth, the sliding plate 21 can be inserted into the second grooves 17 after the position of the sliding plate 21 is required to be changed, the sliding plate 21 is connected with a screw 19 through threads, a plurality of screw holes are formed in the sliding plate 21, threads matched with the screw holes are formed in the screw 19, the screw holes enter the screw depths of the sliding plate 21 through rotating the screw 19, and the height adjustment is realized, and the embodiment is provided with a plurality of screw holes which are inserted into different screw holes through the screw 19 to adjust the distance between the screw 19 and the lower guide rail 1; the screw 19 top is equipped with separation blade 18 and backing sheet 20 respectively, separation blade 18 and backing sheet 20 bottom have also been offered the screw and have been linked to each other with screw 19 through this screw, like this when adjusting screw 19 height, rotatable separation blade 18 and backing sheet 20 make it remain relative setting all the time, separation blade 18 and backing sheet 20 all are equipped with two in this embodiment, two separation blade 18 homonymy set up, two backing sheet 20 homonymy set up, be relative setting between separation blade 18 and the backing sheet 20, plane mirror 22 is placed between separation blade 18 and backing sheet 20 and forms 45 contained angles with the plane that lower guideway 1 is located between, like this can conveniently observe plane mirror 22 along one end, avoid appearing the condition emergence that can't observe.
The application steps of the invention are as follows:
step 1, assembling the chuck 6, the upper guide rail 5, the lower guide rail 1, the guide rod 2, the sliding block 4, the pre-tightening device, the pull rope, the pulley 3 and other parts into a whole to form a test system;
step 2, placing a test piece in the sliding block 4, connecting a pin with the test piece by penetrating through the sliding block 4, adjusting the position of the sliding block 4 to enable the test piece to be positioned in the center of the lower guide rail 1, and simultaneously adjusting the pre-tightening threaded rod to enable the pre-tightening force of each pull rope to be the same;
step 3, the loading device tightens the chuck 6 to apply motion loading, drives the upper guide rail 5 to move upwards under the guide of the guide rod 2, drives the stay rope and the sliding block 4 to move, stretches the test piece, pauses loading when the loading device loads a certain load, measures and records the distance and the corresponding load on the test piece by using a vernier caliper, and repeatedly performs the test;
and 4, installing different numbers of pulleys 3 through the pulley connecting holes 12, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to realize biaxial tension tests with different proportion loading.
Claims (9)
1. The testing device is characterized by comprising a clamping head (6), an upper guide rail (5), a lower guide rail (1), a guide rod (2), a sliding block (4), a pull rope, a pre-tightening device and a pulley (3), wherein the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) with the same structure are oppositely arranged, the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) are connected through the guide rod (2), a first groove (10) is formed in one surface of the lower guide rail (1) facing the upper guide rail (5), and the sliding block (4) is further arranged on the first groove (10) in a sliding manner;
the lower guide rail (1) is also provided with a pulley (3), the pulley (3) is arranged on the lower guide rail (1) through a pulley connecting hole (12), one end of the pull rope, which bypasses the pulley (3), is connected with the sliding block (4) through a pre-tightening device, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through a first pre-tightening threaded hole (9) arranged on the upper guide rail (5) and is connected with the upper guide rail (5) through the pre-tightening device, and the clamping head (6) is arranged at the center of the upper guide rail (5) far away from the surface of the lower guide rail (1) and is clamped and fixed through a loading device;
the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) are cross-shaped, a first groove (10) on the lower guide rail (1) is axially arranged along the lower guide rail (1), and a pair of pulley connecting holes (12) are formed in the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) along the Y-axis direction;
the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) are respectively provided with a plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes (12) along the X-axis direction, and the mounting positions of the plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes (12) correspond to different loading proportions.
2. The testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, wherein the first pre-tightening threaded holes (9) are formed in the periphery of the upper guide rail (5), upper guide holes for connecting the guide rods (2) are formed in two ends of the first pre-tightening threaded holes (9), the first pre-tightening threaded holes (9) and the upper guide holes are all located in the same horizontal plane, second pre-tightening threaded holes (8) are formed in corresponding positions of the lower guide rail (1) along the X-axis direction, and the positions of the lower guide holes (11) of the lower guide rail (1) are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the upper guide holes.
3. The testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, further comprising a supporting rod, wherein one end of the supporting rod is connected with the lower guide rail (1) through a supporting connecting hole (7) in a threaded mode, the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the upper guide rail (5) and used for supporting the upper guide rail (5), the supporting connecting hole (7) is arranged at two ends of the lower guide rail (1) along the Y-axis direction, and the supporting connecting hole (7) and the lower guide hole (11) are located in the same horizontal plane.
4. The testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, wherein the sliding block (4) comprises a connecting block and a sliding block, the connecting block is C-shaped, a plurality of holes are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block, a test piece can be placed into the connecting block and fixedly connected through the holes matched with pins, and a first pull rope connecting hole (13) is further formed in the connecting block; the sliding block is characterized in that one end of the sliding block is provided with a horizontal block and a vertical block which are connected, the horizontal block and the vertical block are vertically arranged, the horizontal block is matched with a first groove (10) on the lower guide rail (1), the vertical block is also provided with a second stay rope connecting hole (14), and the first stay rope connecting hole (13) corresponds to the second stay rope connecting hole (14).
5. The testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, wherein the pre-tightening device is connected with the sliding block (4) through a first pull rope connecting hole (13) and a second pull rope connecting hole (14), and is also connected with the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) through a first pre-tightening threaded hole (9) or/and a second pre-tightening threaded hole (8);
the pre-tightening device comprises a pre-tightening threaded rod and a chuck lock, wherein the chuck lock is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope towards the pulley (3), the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the pre-tightening threaded rod, the depth of a first pull rope connecting hole (13) and a second pull rope connecting hole (14) which are formed by adjusting the rotating pre-tightening threaded rod to enter the sliding block (4) through the rotating pre-tightening threaded rod, and the depth of a first pre-tightening threaded hole (9) or/and the depth of a second pre-tightening threaded hole (8) are adjusted, and the diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the diameter of an inner hole of the pre-tightening threaded rod and smaller than the outer diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod.
6. The testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 5, wherein the clamping head (6) comprises a cover plate (15) and a clamping block (16), a convex block is arranged at the bottom of the clamping block (16), a concave pit which is matched with the convex block in size is formed in the center of the cover plate (15), a clamping groove which is matched with the clamping block (16) in size is formed in the concave pit, and one end, far away from the convex block, of the clamping block (16) penetrates through the clamping groove, so that the concave pit is attached to the convex block.
7. The testing device for converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, further comprising a plane mirror (22), wherein a second groove (17) is formed in the side wall of the lower guide rail (1) along the axial direction, a sliding piece (21) is connected with the second groove (17), a screw rod (19) is further connected with the sliding piece (21) in a threaded mode, a baffle (18) and a supporting piece (20) are respectively arranged at the top of the screw rod (19), the plane mirror (22) is placed between the baffle (18) and the supporting piece (20), and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the plane mirror (22) and the plane of the lower guide rail (1).
8. The device for testing the conversion of single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 7, wherein the baffle (18) is arranged opposite to the supporting sheet (20), and the baffle (18) and the supporting sheet (20) are correspondingly arranged at four corners of the plane mirror (22).
9. A method of converting uniaxial drive to biaxial variable-ratio stretching testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step 1, assembling the parts such as a chuck, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, a guide rod, a sliding block, a pre-tightening device, a pull rope, a pulley and the like into a whole to form a test system;
step 2, placing a test piece in a slide block, connecting a pin with the test piece by penetrating through the slide block, adjusting the position of the slide block to enable the test piece to be positioned in the center of a lower guide rail, and simultaneously adjusting a pre-tightening threaded rod to enable the pre-tightening force of each pull rope to be the same;
step 3, the loading device tightens the chuck to apply motion loading, drives the upper guide rail to move upwards under the guide of the guide rod, drives the stay rope and the sliding block to move, stretches the test piece, pauses loading when the loading device loads a certain load, measures and records the distance and the corresponding load on the test piece by using a vernier caliper, and repeatedly performs the test;
and 4, installing pulleys with different numbers through pulley connecting holes, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to realize biaxial stretching tests with different proportion loading.
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