CN101907538A - Mechanical biaxial tension tester with variable proportion loading - Google Patents
Mechanical biaxial tension tester with variable proportion loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN101907538A CN101907538A CN 201010240086 CN201010240086A CN101907538A CN 101907538 A CN101907538 A CN 101907538A CN 201010240086 CN201010240086 CN 201010240086 CN 201010240086 A CN201010240086 A CN 201010240086A CN 101907538 A CN101907538 A CN 101907538A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical biaxial tension tester with variable proportion loading, relating to a biaxial tension tester. The invention solves the problem that the traditional biaxial tension testing device can not realize variable proportion loading under a complex loading path. In the invention, a slanting slide block is an inverted trapezoidal quadrangular frustum pyramid, a workbench is provided with a cruciform chute, a cruciform test piece is arranged above the cruciform chute, four ends of the cruciform test piece are respectively and fixedly connected with a clamping head, a tension-compression sensor is fixedly connected to the outer end surface of each clamping head, the outer end of each tension-compression sensor is fixedly connected with a horizontal slide block, each horizontal slide block is installed on the workbench, the lower end of each slant beam is fixedly connected with a horizontal slide block, a rolling bearing is installed at the upper end of each slant beam, and each rolling bearing is contacted with a corresponding trapezoidal inclined plane of each slant beam and rolls on the corresponding trapezoidal inclined plane of each slant beam. The invention is suitable for a tension test of the cruciform test piece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biaxial tension tester, be specifically related to the mechanical biaxial tension tester that a kind of control with changed scale loads.
Background technology
Since Plate Theory was set up, growing field was used plate and shell structure, and particularly the most space container of aerospace field all is the bidirectional stress structure, as spherical vessel and thin-walled cartridge type spare etc.In order to solve its structure and performance issue, increasing people is devoted to biaxial tensile test since the forties in last century.Up to the present, biaxial tensile test does not well solve as yet, and reason is exactly the complicacy of two drawing device designs greatly.Scholars have studied dissimilar biaxial tensile test methods at different times, draw test as two under the unilateral stretching, the protruding two tests of drawing of expanding of film, and pressure vessel is two to draw test, and cruciform specimen is two to draw test etc.Draw the biaxial stress state of the most direct reaction test specimen directly perceived of test because cruciform specimen is two,, mainly studied the two-way stretch device of mechanical type and fluid pressure type once occurring just having attracted numerous researchers.
Existing mechanical biaxial tension test unit (referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8): it can not realize that the two-way arbitrary proportion of X-Y loads, and can only do specific ratio and load.Under the effect that loads, pressure head moves down, and the hound of directions X and Y direction and the angle of horizontal direction change in time, can not guarantee that the loading of X-Y direction becomes constant ratio.Up to the present the whole bag of tricks and device can't realize that all control with changed scale loads under the complicated load path.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is can't realize the problem of control with changed scale loading under the complicated load path in order to solve existing bidirectional tensile tester, and then the mechanical biaxial tension tester that provides a kind of control with changed scale to load.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale loads comprises worktable, four hounds, four tension-compression sensors and four chucks; Described biaxial tension tester also comprises angled-lift splits, four rolling bearings and four cross sliding clocks, described angled-lift splits is inverted trapezoidal truncated rectangular pyramids, have cross chute on the described worktable, cruciform specimen places the top of cross chute, each fixedlys connected four terminations of cruciform specimen with a chuck, be fixedly connected with a tension-compression sensor on the outer face of each chuck, fixedly connected with a cross sliding clock in the outer end of each tension-compression sensor, each cross sliding clock is installed on the worktable, and each cross sliding clock smoothly moves in cross chute, fixedly connected with a cross sliding clock in the lower end of each hound, the upper end of each hound is equipped with a rolling bearing, each rolling bearing contacts with a corresponding trapezoidal inclined-plane of angled-lift splits, each rolling bearing rolls on a corresponding trapezoidal inclined-plane of angled-lift splits, fixedly connected with the pressure head of testing machine in the upper surface of angled-lift splits, the angle of each hound and surface level is 30 ° ~ 70 °, the trapezoidal inclined-plane of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits and the angle of upper surface are 20 °～80 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits and the angle of upper surface are 20 °～80 °.
The present invention compared with prior art has following effect: the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale of the present invention loads resolves into orthogonal two groups of loadings on the surface level to the loading on the vertical direction by angled-lift splits.Because the oblique angle on the trapezoidal inclined-plane of two couples of same angled-lift splits is certain, trapezoidal inclined-plane contacts with the rolling bearing line, not only can reduce friction greatly, and the ratio that can guarantee the loading of two vertical direction on the horizontal direction is constant in entire test, can obtain the fore-and-aft direction loading ratio different on the surface level by the angled-lift splits that calls different angles with left and right directions, promptly obtain the different loading ratio of X-Y direction, realize that two pahtfinder hard control with changed scale of cruciform specimen of drawing load.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that (X-axis is the left and right directions of tension test instrument to integrally-built stereographic map of the present invention among the figure, Y-axis is the fore-and-aft direction of tension test instrument), Fig. 2 is an one-piece construction front view of the present invention, Fig. 3 is an integrally-built rear view of the present invention, Fig. 4 is the front view of angled-lift splits 1, and Fig. 5 is the left view of angled-lift splits 1, and Fig. 6 is the upward view of Fig. 4, Fig. 7 is the front view of existing mechanical biaxial tension test unit, and Fig. 8 is the side view of existing mechanical biaxial tension test unit.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 6 present embodiment is described, the mechanical biaxial tension tester that the control with changed scale of present embodiment loads comprises worktable 6, four hounds 3, four tension-compression sensors 5 and four chucks 8; Described biaxial tension tester also comprises angled-lift splits 1, four rolling bearings 2 and four cross sliding clocks 4, described angled-lift splits 1 is inverted trapezoidal truncated rectangular pyramids, have cross chute 6-1 on the described worktable 6, cruciform specimen 7 places the top of cross chute 6-1, each fixedlys connected four terminations of cruciform specimen 7 with a chuck 8, be fixedly connected with a tension-compression sensor 5 on the outer face of each chuck 8, fixedly connected with a cross sliding clock 4 in the outer end of each tension-compression sensor 5, each cross sliding clock 4 is installed on the worktable 6, and each cross sliding clock 4 smoothly moves in cross chute 6-1, fixedly connected with a cross sliding clock 4 in the lower end of each hound 3, the upper end of each hound 3 is equipped with a rolling bearing 2, each rolling bearing 2 contacts with a corresponding trapezoidal inclined-plane of angled-lift splits 1, each rolling bearing 2 rolls on a corresponding trapezoidal inclined-plane of angled-lift splits 1, fixedly connected with the pressure head of testing machine 9 in the upper surface of angled-lift splits 1, each hound 3 is 30 ° ~ 70 ° with the angle α of surface level, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle β of upper surface are 20 °～80 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 20 °～80 °.
The cross sliding clock 4 of the present embodiment guide rail guidance system that the level and smooth working method that moves adopts in the cross chute 6-1 of worktable 6, for example the notch Cross section Design of cross chute 6-1 is a dovetail groove, the lower end design of cross sliding clock 4 has the shoulder that matches with dovetail groove, perhaps the notch Cross section Design of cross chute 6-1 is straight mouthful groove, the lower end design of cross sliding clock 4 has shoulder, adopt pressing plate that the shoulder of cross sliding clock 4 is pressed in the cross chute 6-1 then, adopt dovetail groove to be convenient to install, adopt a straight mouthful groove to be convenient to processing.
Embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 present embodiment is described, each hound 3 of present embodiment is 45 ° with the angle α of surface level.So be provided with, make the decomposing force that hound can be good arrive horizontal direction, satisfy restriction simultaneously moment.Other composition is identical with embodiment one with annexation.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 45 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 78 °.So be provided with, the ratio that obtains X-Y direction 8:1 loads.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 45 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 76 °.So be provided with, the ratio that obtains X-Y direction 4:1 loads.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 30 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 60 °.So be provided with, the ratio that obtains X-Y direction 3:1 loads.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment six: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 45 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 63 °.So be provided with, the ratio that obtains X-Y direction 2:1 loads.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 45 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 45 °.So be provided with, obtain X-Y direction equal proportion and load.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 63 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 45 °.So be provided with, the ratio that obtains X-Y direction 1:2 loads.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 60 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 30 °.So be provided with, the ratio that obtains X-Y direction 1:3 loads.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment ten: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-1 of the left and right sides of the angled-lift splits 1 of present embodiment and the angle β of upper surface are 76 °, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane 1-2 of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits 1 and the angle γ of upper surface are 45 °.So be provided with, the ratio that obtains X-Y direction 1:4 loads.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment 11: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 3, the mechanical biaxial tension tester that the control with changed scale of present embodiment loads also increases four threaded mandrels 10 and four end plates 11, respectively be installed with an end plate 11 on the end face around the worktable 6, each threaded mandrel 10 is threaded with corresponding end plate 11, and the inner of threaded mandrel 10 contacts with cross sliding clock 4 when adjusting cross sliding clock 4.The adjustment of cross sliding clock 4 positions before and after being convenient to test so is set.Other composition is identical with embodiment one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or nine with annexation.
The course of work: angled-lift splits 1 is connected with the pressure head 9 of testing machine, the trapezoidal inclined-plane that the pressure head 9 of testing machine presses down angled-lift splits 1 in the process contacts with rolling bearing 2, and drive hound 3 and cross sliding clock 4 along orthogonal directions X on the surface level and the translation gliding of Y direction, cross sliding clock 4 connects tension-compression sensor 5, the other end of tension-compression sensor 5 chuck 8 of ining succession, cruciform specimen 7 in chuck 8 clampings, realizes the stretching to cruciform specimen 7.The deflection of the directions X of cruciform specimen 7 and Y direction and pulling force are measured by tension-compression sensor 5, signal is by the data acquisition software acquisition process, record data and the in real time pulling force-displacement curve of sample on directions X and the Y direction on the reveal competence direction on computers obtain stress-strain curve by post-processed.
Claims (10)
1. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that loads of a control with changed scale, it comprises worktable (6), four hounds (3), four tension-compression sensors (5) and four chucks (8); It is characterized in that: described biaxial tension tester also comprises angled-lift splits (1), four rolling bearings (2) and four cross sliding clocks (4), described angled-lift splits (1) is inverted trapezoidal truncated rectangular pyramids, have cross chute (6-1) on the described worktable (6), cruciform specimen (7) places the top of cross chute (6-1), each fixedlys connected four terminations of cruciform specimen (7) with a chuck (8), be fixedly connected with a tension-compression sensor (5) on the outer face of each chuck (8), fixedly connected with a cross sliding clock (4) in the outer end of each tension-compression sensor (5), each cross sliding clock (4) is installed on the worktable (6), and each cross sliding clock (4) is level and smooth moving in cross chute (6-1), fixedly connected with a cross sliding clock (4) in the lower end of each hound (3), the upper end of each hound (3) is equipped with a rolling bearing (2), each rolling bearing (2) contacts with a corresponding trapezoidal inclined-plane of angled-lift splits (1), each rolling bearing (2) rolls on a corresponding trapezoidal inclined-plane of angled-lift splits (1), fixedly connected with the pressure head (9) of testing machine in the upper surface of angled-lift splits (1), each hound (3) is 30 ° ~ 70 ° with the angle (α) of surface level, the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 20 °～80 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 20 °～80 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
2. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 loads is characterized in that: each hound (3) is 45 ° with the angle (α) of surface level.
3. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 45 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 78 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
4. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 45 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 76 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
5. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 30 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 60 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
6. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 45 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 63 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
7. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 45 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 45 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
8. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 63 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 45 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
9. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-1) of the left and right sides of angled-lift splits (1) is 60 ° with the angle (β) of upper surface, and the trapezoidal inclined-plane (1-2) of the both sides, front and back of angled-lift splits (1) is 30 ° with the angle (γ) of upper surface.
10. the mechanical biaxial tension tester that control with changed scale according to claim 1 and 2 loads, it is characterized in that: the mechanical biaxial tension tester that described control with changed scale loads also comprises four threaded mandrels (10) and four end plates (11), respectively be installed with an end plate (11) on the end face around the worktable (6), each threaded mandrel (10) is threaded with corresponding end plate (11), and the inner of threaded mandrel (10) contacts with cross sliding clock (4) when adjusting cross sliding clock (4).
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