CN105842055B - A kind of strength test fixture that control with changed scale Biaxial stress is carried out using single axis test machines - Google Patents
A kind of strength test fixture that control with changed scale Biaxial stress is carried out using single axis test machines Download PDFInfo
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- CN105842055B CN105842055B CN201610146635.1A CN201610146635A CN105842055B CN 105842055 B CN105842055 B CN 105842055B CN 201610146635 A CN201610146635 A CN 201610146635A CN 105842055 B CN105842055 B CN 105842055B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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Abstract
A kind of biaxial stretch-formed strength test fixture can carry out the biaxial stretch-formed strength test of curciform specimen control with changed scale using the fixture in single axis test machines, it is characterized in that:It is by upper grip, primary lever crossbeam, first level of connecting rod, second lever crossbeam, second level even the rod, tightening nut, steel wire rope connector, steel wire rope, trough of belt flywheel, bearing block, bearing, cross guide rail, fixture with sliding block, testpieces, pedestal, lower collet composition, the biaxial stretch-formed strength test of a variety of load proportions can be completed on single axis test machines by the fixture, the fixture carries out the distribution of four direction pulling force by lever balance theory, pulling force in two axial directions of testpieces can be directly obtained by standing balance, it can effectively avoid using force cell, simultaneously, take full advantage of existing single pass test machine, it is deficient to solve biaxial strength experiment special equipment, the high problem of experimentation cost, technical support is provided for material property and structural strength measure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention devises a kind of biaxial stretch-formed strength test fixture, which realizes using single axis test machines to cross
Plate sample carries out the biaxial stretch-formed strength test of a variety of loading ratios, belongs to experimental test technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, with the rapid development of material technology because its excellent performance (high specific strength, high specific stiffness and
Excellent fatigue behaviour and good designability etc.), plain woven composite is increasingly used in engineering structure
It is middle to replace conventional metal frames, particularly in aerospace field, such as composite material blade of helicopter, aircraft skin, engine
It writes down.However it is different from isotropic traditional metal materials, plain woven composite is typically anisotropic,
Intensity and elastic property cannot determine have experiments have shown that in tandem-axle load as metal material by simple single pass test
Under, glass fibre plain woven composite intensity declines compared with uniaxial strengeth up to 35%.And in practical applications, plane
Woven composite materials and structures are often in multi-axis stress state, if simple as Metal Structure Design process, according to flat
The unidirectional elastic property parameter of face woven composite ensures structure safety using safe factor method, can so that structure efficiency is low
Under, it is impossible to give full play to the excellent properties of plain woven composite.Therefore many scholars of recent domestic are to Planar Compound
Performance of the material under multi-axis stress state, particularly biaxial stretch-formed load has carried out a large amount of theoretical and numerically modelings.Twin shaft is drawn
In terms of stretching experimental test verification, but very big restriction is received because biaxial tension-compression strength needs dedicated testing machine so that
Correlation theory research lacks strong verification experimental verification, pre- so as to constrain the biaxial stretch-formed intensity of plain woven composite in turn
Survey theoretical development.Very ripe, the use of single axis test machines ten is developed in view of the uniaxial test of current metal material
Divide generally, for this purpose, a kind of strength test fixture of control with changed scale Biaxial stress has been invented herein, it can be in uniaxial test using the fixture
The biaxial stretch-formed strength test of control with changed scale is carried out on machine, solves the difficulty that biaxial strength experiment special equipment is deficient, experimentation cost is high
Topic provides technical support for material property and structural strength measure.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to invent a kind of biaxial stretch-formed strength test fixture, four-bladed vane is carried out using single axis test machines
Sample control with changed scale Biaxial stress strength test measures the materials such as metal and composite material and the biaxial strength of structure.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
1) present invention is a kind of biaxial stretch-formed strength test fixture that control with changed scale loading is carried out using single axis test machines, it
Be by upper grip, primary lever crossbeam, first level of connecting rod, second lever crossbeam, second level even the rod, tightening nut, steel wire rope connector,
Steel wire rope, trough of belt flywheel, bearing block, bearing, cross guide rail, the fixture with sliding block, testpieces, pedestal, lower collet composition, they
Between position connection relation be:Upper grip is clamped on single axis test machines upper grip, and primary lever crossbeam and upper grip pass through
Hinge connection forms primary lever, and two first level of connecting rod upper ends are connected in primary lever both ends, connecting rod two end respectively by hinge
Band ears, are connected through the hinge and connect and compose two second levers, two second levers two with two second lever crossbeams respectively
End is connected by second level even the rod with tightening nut, and four steel wires that tightening nut is connected by steel wire rope connector bypass band respectively
(fixed pulley is fixed on by trough of belt flywheel on bearing block and formed slot fixed pulley, and bearing block is bolted the cross guide rail on pedestal
Four ends, guide rail is bolted on pedestal) be connected with the fixture slide block on four cross guide rails, four fixtures and cross
Shape testpieces is connected, and pedestal is connected by bolt with lower collet, is fixed by grips under single axis test machines.
The upper grip is metal component, and upper end carries the bare terminal end to match with uniaxial test machine clamp, lower part band
Have and the corresponding ears of primary lever crossbeam hinge hole.
The primary lever crossbeam is made of steel, and both ends carry and the matched hinge mounting hole of connecting rod ears, crossbeam
There is a hinge connection hole in middle.
The first level of connecting rod is metal component, and both ends carry through hole ears, pacify respectively with I and II lever crossbeam hinge hole
Pretend matching.
The second lever crossbeam is made of steel, there is multiple hinge links holes hole position, each hinge installation position on crossbeam
Put a kind of corresponding specific load proportion distribution.
The second level even the rod is metal component, and upper end carries the ears to match with second lever crossbeam both ends hinge hole,
Lower end is the screw thread to match with tightening nut.
The tightening nut is long outer-hexagonal nut.
The steel wire rope connector is metal component, and tight structure, upper end are stung in lower end with that can carry out clamping to steel wire rope
With the screw thread to match with tightening nut.
The cross guide rail is made of the Z-shaped beam being fixed on pedestal, and each guide rail of cross guide rail is flat by two
The guide groove that the Z-shaped beam that row is symmetrically fixed on pedestal is formed.
The fixture with sliding block is made of steel, and fixture retained part is made of " C " font square steel, and end face is equipped with spiral shell thereon
Line through hole, lower face interior surface is milled with the annular knurl for increasing friction, under being between testpieces retained part and fixture upper surface
Surface is milled with the steel clamps pressing plate of annular knurl, the upper surface of clamp platen have match with fixture upper surface tapped through hole it is recessed
Testpieces is clamped steel plate application pressure by tightening bolt, the common structure of sliding block that fixture matches with cross guide rail slot by slot
It into the fixture with sliding block, can be slided on guide rail, there is steel wire rope mounting hole and compressing structure on sliding block.
The testpieces is one piece of cruciform specimen, and four ends of cross are bare terminal end, and four bare terminal end upper and lower surfaces are posted
Reinforced sheet, central square region are efficiency test area, and two cross axles in the region are demarcated upwards graduation mark.
The pedestal is hardware, it on one block of cross steel plate by stamping lower collet connecting screw hole, cross
Guide rail connecting screw hole and bearing block installation screw are formed.
The lower collet is metal component, accommodates section and matches with uniaxial test machine clamp, and is carried and pedestal matching
Connecting pin.
It is as follows using the biaxial strength test principle of this fixture:
Upper grip and lower collet are clamped in respectively on the upper and lower fixture of single axis test machines and fixed, is connected as described above
After all parts, the sleeve of adjusting elasticity nut so that I and II lever, which is in, to be balanced and in horizontality, at this time by
It is designed in system dimension, it is ensured that all steel wire ropes and connecting rod are in vertical state.It is connect then up on slow nigration machine
Head position applies load, can prove under the conditions of small deformation, and I and II lever will be always maintained at balancing, and in horizontal position
It puts.According to lever balance theory, the upward pulling force of the connecting rod that is subject at second lever fulcrum leads to primary lever equal to testing machine
Cross the 1/2 of the upward pulling force of upper grip, and second lever, by driving the steel wire rope at both ends, the tension that steel wire rope tightens generation leads to
Fixed pulley steering is crossed, becomes to drive the horizontal pull with slide clamp, so as to fulfill to the biaxial stretch-formed of cross sample.To two level
Lever stress analysis understands that the sum of tension of second lever both ends steel wire rope is equal to pulling force of the first level of connecting rod to second lever,
Power size is inversely proportional with steel wire rope both ends to second lever hinge distance, i.e., is inversely proportional with the second lever both ends arm of force, therefore can
To control its both ends steel wire rope tension ratio by adjusting position of the second lever hinging fulcrum on second lever crossbeam, from
And the loading ratio of two axial directions of Control experiment part.
Carry out the biaxial tension-compression strength of a variety of loading ratios to four-bladed vane sample using single axis test machines using the fixture
It is as follows:
Step 1 designs and manufactures lower collet, pedestal, cross guide rail, bearing block, bearing, trough of belt flywheel, testpieces, band
The parts such as primary lever crossbeam, second lever crossbeam, upper grip needed for the fixture of sliding block, different loading ratios, by these zero
Part assembling is integral, forms pilot system.
Testpieces is placed in band slide clamp by step 2, and adjusting slider position makes testpieces be in pedestal as far as possible
Clamped behind centre, measured respectively with vernier caliper and record the graduation mark demarcated in two axial directions of testpieces central square area it
Between spacing L10,L20, adjusting elasticity nut tightens all steel wire ropes, while I and II lever is horizontal.
Step 3 moves up single axis test machines and applies load, to a certain load F1When, vernier caliper is used in pause loading
It measures respectively and records the graduation mark spacing L of testpieces central square area both direction calibration11,L21And corresponding load
F1, then proceed to apply load, when load increases Δ F, pause loading with vernier caliper is measured and recorded in testpieces respectively
Entreat the graduation mark spacing L of square area both direction calibration12,L22And corresponding load F2, so repeat, until testpieces is broken
It is bad.
Step 4 is replaced testpieces and is repeated Step 1: two, three.
Step 5 by replacing corresponding primary lever crossbeam, adjusts second lever hinge connection position, repeats step 1
To step 4, you can realize the biaxial tension-compression strength of other different proportions loading.
Advantage and effect:Biaxial tension-compression strength fixture provided by the invention can complete a variety of load ratios on single axis test machines
The biaxial tension-compression strength of example, takes full advantage of existing uniaxial test equipment, solves biaxial tensile test equipment scarcity, equipment is held high
Biaxial tensile test caused by expensive is difficult, provides strong support for theoretical research and engineering design, while the fixture passes through thick stick
Bar equilibrium principle carries out the distribution of four direction pulling force, and the pulling force in two axial directions of testpieces can directly be asked by standing balance
Go out, avoid using force cell, simplify experimental rig, saved cost.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 fixture overall structure figures.
In Fig. 1:1. upper grip, 2. primary lever crossbeams, 3 first level of connecting rod, 4. second lever crossbeams, 5. second level even the rods, 6.
Tightening nut, 7. steel wire rope connectors, 8. steel wire ropes, 9. trough of belt flywheels, 10. bearing blocks, the cross guide rail that 11.Z words beam is formed,
12. steel wire rope hold-down bolt, 13. band slide clamps, 14. pressing plate hold-down bolts, 15. clamp platens, 16. testpieces, 17. times folders
Head.
Fig. 2 pedestals and thereon part mounting structure figure.
Fig. 3 testpieces structure charts.
In Fig. 3:18. reinforced sheet, 19. cross testpieces.
Fig. 4 upper grip structure charts.
Fig. 5 primary lever beam structure figures
Fig. 6 first level of connecting rod
Fig. 7 second lever beam structure figures.
In Fig. 7, hinge hole 20,21,22,23 corresponding loading ratios are 1:3,1:1,2:Isosorbide-5-Nitrae:1.
Fig. 8 second level even the rod schematic diagrames.
One side schematic diagram of Fig. 9 cross slides.
Figure 10 is with slide clamp.
Figure 11 clamp platens.
Figure 12 trough of belt flywheels.
Collet under Figure 13.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the specifically used and realization principle of the present invention with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
According to four ends that Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 install fixture and have clamped testpieces testpieces is made to be in base center, pressed from both sides up and down
Head (1 and 17) connects single axis test machines respectively, and makes primary lever and second lever balance according to Fig. 1 adjusting elasticities nut 6 and locate
In horizontal level, steel wire rope 8 is in tensioned state.Start single axis test machines, Slow loading, at this moment, if upper grip is tested
The upward pulling force of machine be F, then the drawing two second lever crossbeam branch pointed out from lever balance theory, first level of connecting rod 3
Power is F/2, second lever force analysis is understood, pulling force size and two suffered by the second level even the rod 5 at second lever crossbeam both ends
The arm of force is held only than being inversely proportional, therefore when second level even the rod also meets certain ratio by tightening nut to the pulling force of steel wire rope 8, from
And cause steel wire rope around trough of belt flywheel 9 form fixed pulley pull band slide clamp, to testpieces loading when, just have cross
Pulling force ratio suffered by plate testpieces both direction completely by the second lever both ends arm of force only than determining, even if also passing through the card
Tool, it is only necessary to change position of the second lever fulcrum hinge on crossbeam, it is possible to realize and carry out no-load voltage ratio using single axis test machines
Example biaxial tension-compression strength.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of biaxial tension-compression strength fixture can carry out a variety of loading ratios in single axis test machines using the fixture to four-bladed vane sample
The biaxial tension-compression strength of example, it is characterized in that:It is by upper grip, primary lever crossbeam, first level of connecting rod, second lever crossbeam, two
Grade connecting rod, tightening nut, steel wire rope connector, steel wire rope, trough of belt flywheel, bearing block, bearing, cross guide rail, the folder with sliding block
Tool, testpieces, pedestal, lower collet composition, the position connection relation between them are:Upper grip, which is clamped on single axis test machines, to be pressed from both sides
On head, primary lever crossbeam and upper grip are connected through the hinge and form primary lever, and two first level of connecting rod upper ends are passed through hinge
Primary lever both ends are connected in respectively, and connecting rod two end band ears are connected through the hinge and are connected structure with two second lever crossbeams respectively
Into second lever, two second lever both ends are connected by second level even the rod with tightening nut, and tightening nut is connected by steel wire rope
Four steel wires of head connection are connected respectively around trough of belt fixed pulley with the fixture slide block on four cross guide rails, and fixed pulley is by trough of belt
Flywheel is fixed on bearing block and forms, and bearing block is bolted four ends of the cross guide rail on pedestal, and guide rail is consolidated by bolt
It is scheduled on pedestal, four fixtures are connected with cross testpieces, and pedestal is connected by bolt with lower collet, passes through single axis test machines
Lower grips are fixed;
The upper grip is metal component, and upper end carries the bare terminal end to match with uniaxial test machine clamp, lower part carry with
The corresponding ears of primary lever crossbeam hinge hole;
The primary lever crossbeam is made of steel, and both ends carry and the matched hinge mounting hole of connecting rod ears, crossbeam center
Between have a hinge connection hole;
The first level of connecting rod is metal component, and both ends carry through hole ears, install phase with I and II lever crossbeam hinge hole respectively
Matching;
The second lever crossbeam is made of steel, there is multiple hinge links holes hole position, each hinge installation site pair on crossbeam
Answer a kind of specific load proportion distribution;
The second level even the rod is metal component, and upper end carries the ears to match with second lever crossbeam both ends hinge hole, lower end
It is the screw thread to match with tightening nut;
The tightening nut is long outer-hexagonal nut;
The steel wire rope connector is metal component, and tight structure is stung in lower end with that can carry out clamping to steel wire rope, and upper end carries
The screw thread to match with tightening nut;
The cross guide rail is made of the Z-shaped beam being fixed on pedestal, and each guide rail of cross guide rail is parallel right by two
The guide groove that the Z-shaped beam being fixed on pedestal is claimed to form;
The fixture with sliding block is made of steel, and fixture retained part is made of " C " font square steel, and end face is equipped with screw thread and leads to thereon
Hole, lower face interior surface are milled with the annular knurl for increasing friction, are lower surfaces between testpieces retained part and fixture upper surface
The steel clamps pressing plate of annular knurl is milled with, there is the groove to match with fixture upper surface tapped through hole in the upper surface of clamp platen,
Steel plate application pressure is clamped testpieces by tightening bolt, fixture collectively forms band with the sliding block that cross guide rail slot matches
The fixture of sliding block, can slide on guide rail, there is steel wire rope mounting hole and compressing structure on sliding block;
The testpieces is one piece of cruciform specimen, and four ends of cross are bare terminal end, and four bare terminal end upper and lower surfaces post reinforcement
Piece, central square region are efficiency test area, and two cross axles in the region are demarcated upwards graduation mark;
The pedestal is hardware, it on one block of cross steel plate by stamping lower collet connecting screw hole, cross guide rail
Connecting screw hole and bearing block installation screw are formed;
The lower collet is metal component, accommodates section and matches with uniaxial test machine clamp, and carries and the matched company of pedestal
Connect end;
Carry out the specific of the biaxial tension-compression strength of a variety of loading ratios to four-bladed vane sample using single axis test machines using the fixture
Step is as follows:
Step 1, design and manufacture lower collet, pedestal, cross guide rail, bearing block, bearing, trough of belt flywheel, testpieces, band sliding block
Fixture, the primary lever crossbeam needed for different loading ratio, second lever crossbeam, upper grip part, by these component assemblies
It is integral, form pilot system;
Testpieces is placed in band slide clamp, after adjusting slider position makes testpieces be in pedestal center as far as possible by step 2
It clamps, measured respectively with vernier caliper and records the graduation mark spacing L of testpieces central square area both direction calibration10,
L20, adjusting elasticity nut tightens all steel wire ropes, meanwhile, I and II lever is horizontal;
Step 3 moves up single axis test machines and applies load, to a certain load F1When, pause loading is surveyed respectively with vernier caliper
It measures and records the graduation mark spacing L of testpieces central square area both direction calibration11,L21And corresponding load F1, then
Load is continued to, when load increases Δ F, pause loading with vernier caliper is measured and records testpieces center pros respectively
The graduation mark spacing L of shape region both direction calibration12,L22And corresponding load F2, so repeat, until testpieces destroys;
Step 4 is replaced testpieces and is repeated Step 1: two, three;
Step 5 by replacing corresponding primary lever crossbeam, adjusts second lever hinge connection position, repeats step 1 to step
Rapid four, it can realize the biaxial tension-compression strength of other different proportions loading;
Functional character:The biaxial tension-compression strength fixture can complete the biaxial stretch-formed examination of a variety of load proportions on single axis test machines
It tests, while the fixture carries out the distribution of four direction pulling force by lever balance theory, the pulling force energy in two axial directions of testpieces
It is directly obtained, is avoided that using force cell by standing balance.
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CN201610146635.1A CN105842055B (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | A kind of strength test fixture that control with changed scale Biaxial stress is carried out using single axis test machines |
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