CN112461652A - Material performance testing device and method for converting uniaxial drive into biaxial variable-ratio stretching - Google Patents
Material performance testing device and method for converting uniaxial drive into biaxial variable-ratio stretching Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the performance of a material which is converted from uniaxial drive to biaxial variable-ratio stretching, which are particularly suitable for viscoelastic materials which have certain deformation in the stretching process, such as rubber, asphalt, amorphous high polymers, energetic materials and the like; the device comprises a chuck, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, a guide rod, a sliding block, a pull rope, a pre-tightening device and a pulley, wherein the ground guide rail and the lower guide rail are oppositely arranged and have the same structure, the upper guide rail and the guide rail are connected through the guide rod, one surface of the lower guide rail, which faces the upper guide rail, is provided with a groove, and the sliding block is also arranged on the groove in a sliding manner; the material performance testing device capable of converting single-shaft driving into double-shaft variable-proportion stretching can complete double-shaft stretching tests with various loading proportions, fully utilizes the existing single-shaft testing equipment, solves the problem of difficult double-shaft stretching tests caused by the shortage of the double-shaft stretching testing equipment and the high cost of the equipment, and provides powerful support for theoretical research and engineering design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the performance of a material which is converted from uniaxial drive to biaxial variable-ratio stretching, and is particularly suitable for viscoelastic materials such as rubber, asphalt, amorphous high polymers, energetic materials and the like which have certain deformation in the stretching process.
Background
At present, the testing device adopted for researching the mechanical property of the material is mostly carried out by converting a single shaft into a double shaft, for example, the national intellectual property office publishes application number 201811551678.3 with the name: the invention patent of the experimental device for converting uniaxial tension into biaxial tension can realize biaxial tension under the condition of uniaxial, but the transverse load is variable stress and variable rate tension; and as published by the national intellectual property office, the application number is 201110182232.X, the name is: the invention patent of the biaxial synchronous stretching device can realize biaxial equal ratio stretching, but the biaxial stretching ratio cannot be adjusted. And if the national intellectual property office publishes an application number of 201510586604.3, namely a biaxial stretching clamp with adjustable stretching proportion, the proportion is adjustable under the condition of biaxial, but the size of biaxial effective applied load cannot be controlled, and contact friction inevitably causes larger errors to the experiment, and if the national intellectual property office publishes an application number of 201610107468.X, namely a simple biaxial synchronous stretching device with adjustable stretching proportion and a method, although biaxial synchronous stretching can be realized, the constant of the strain rate cannot be controlled in the stretching process. Therefore, a device and a method for testing the tensile speed and the tensile load of the material with a single shaft to realize double shafts are needed, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, accurate measurement and low cost, and is suitable for the double-shaft tensile test and production of materials such as rubber, asphalt, solid propellant and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems mentioned in the prior art, the invention provides a material performance testing device which converts uniaxial driving into biaxial variable-ratio stretching.
The invention relates to a material performance testing device capable of converting single-shaft drive into double-shaft variable-ratio stretching, which comprises a chuck, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, a guide rod, a sliding block, a pull rope, a pre-tightening device and a pulley, wherein the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are oppositely arranged in the same structure, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are connected through the guide rod, one surface of the lower guide rail, facing the upper guide rail, is provided with a first groove, and the first groove is also provided with the sliding block in a sliding manner; the lower guide rail is further provided with a pulley, the pulley is installed on the lower guide rail through a pulley connecting hole, a pull rope rounds one end of the pulley and is connected with the sliding block through a pre-tightening device, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through a first pre-tightening threaded hole formed in the upper guide rail and is connected with the upper guide rail through the pre-tightening device, and the chuck is arranged at the center of the upper guide rail far away from the lower guide rail surface and is clamped and fixed through a loading device.
Preferably, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are cross-shaped, the first grooves in the lower guide rail are arranged along the axial direction of the lower guide rail, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are provided with a pair of pulley connecting holes along the Y-axis direction, the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are provided with a plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes along the X-axis direction, and the mounting positions of the plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes correspond to different loading proportions.
Preferably, the first pre-tightening threaded holes are formed in the periphery of the upper guide rail, upper guide holes used for connecting guide rods are installed at two ends of each first pre-tightening threaded hole, the first pre-tightening threaded holes and the upper guide holes are located in the same horizontal plane, second pre-tightening threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the lower guide rail along the X-axis direction, and the positions of the lower guide rails where the lower guide holes are formed correspond to the upper guide holes one to one.
Preferably, still include the bracing piece, bracing piece one end links to each other with the lower rail screw thread through supporting the connecting hole, and the other end links to each other with the upper rail and is used for supporting the upper rail, and wherein support the connecting hole and locate the both ends of lower rail along the Y axle direction, support the connecting hole still and all be located same horizontal plane with lower guiding hole.
Preferably, the sliding block comprises a connecting block and a sliding block, the connecting block is C-shaped, a plurality of holes are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block, a test piece can be placed into the connecting block and fixedly connected through the holes and matched with the pins, and a first pull rope connecting hole is further formed in the connecting block; the sliding block one end is equipped with including horizontal piece and riser block continuous, the horizontal piece sets up with the riser block is perpendicular, and wherein the horizontal piece suits with the first recess on the lower rail, still is equipped with the second stay cord connecting hole on the riser block, first stay cord connecting hole is corresponding with the second stay cord connecting hole.
Preferably, the pre-tightening device passes through the first pull rope connecting hole and the second pull rope connecting hole to be connected with the sliding block, and also passes through the first pre-tightening threaded hole or/and the second pre-tightening threaded hole to be connected with the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail; the pre-tightening device comprises a pre-tightening threaded rod and a chuck lock, wherein the chuck lock is fixedly connected with one end of the pull rope facing the pulley, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the pre-tightening threaded rod, the depth of a first pull rope connecting hole and a second pull rope connecting hole of the sliding block and the depth of the first pre-tightening threaded hole or/and a second pre-tightening threaded hole are adjusted by rotating the pre-tightening threaded rod, the diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the diameter of an inner hole of the pre-tightening threaded rod, and is smaller than
Preferably, the chuck includes apron and clamp splice, the clamp splice bottom is equipped with a lug, and the apron zhongshan has seted up the pit that suits with the lug size, and the pit still is equipped with the draw-in groove that suits with the clamp splice size, the clamp splice is kept away from lug one end and is passed the draw-in groove, makes pit and lug laminating setting.
Preferably, still include the level crossing, be equipped with the second recess along the axial on the lower guideway lateral wall, the second recess links to each other there is the slide, and still the screw rod has been linked to on the slide to the screw thread, and wherein separation blade and backing sheet are installed respectively to the screw rod top, and the level crossing is placed between separation blade and backing sheet, and forms 45 contained angles between level crossing and the plane of lower guideway place.
Preferably, the blocking pieces are arranged opposite to the supporting sheet, and the blocking pieces and the supporting sheet are correspondingly arranged at four corners of the plane mirror.
A method of testing a device for the performance of a material being converted from uniaxial driving to biaxial variable-ratio stretching, comprising the steps of:
the pull rope and the slide block are driven to move, so that the test piece is stretched, when a loading device loads a certain load, the loading is suspended, the distance and the corresponding load on the test piece are measured and recorded by using a vernier caliper, and the test is repeatedly carried out;
and 4, mounting pulleys with different numbers through the pulley connecting holes, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to realize the biaxial tension tests loaded in different proportions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the material performance testing device capable of converting single-shaft driving into double-shaft variable-proportion stretching can complete double-shaft stretching tests with various loading proportions, fully utilizes the existing single-shaft testing equipment, solves the problem of difficulty in the double-shaft stretching tests caused by the shortage of the double-shaft stretching testing equipment and the high cost of the equipment, and provides powerful support for theoretical research and engineering design.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lower track structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connecting block according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the slider structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the chuck of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the pulley structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a pre-tightened threaded rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a lower guide rail; 2-a guide rod; 3-a pulley; 4-a slide block; 5, upper guide rails; 6-clamping head; 7-support connection holes; 8-a second pre-tightening threaded hole; 9-a first pre-tightening threaded hole; 10-a first groove; 11-lower guide hole; 12-a pulley attachment hole; 13-a first pull cord attachment hole; 14-a second pull rope connecting hole; 15-cover plate; 16-a clamping block; 17-a second groove; 18-a baffle plate; 19-a screw; 20-a support sheet; 21-a slide sheet; 22-plane mirror.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention relates to a material performance testing device capable of converting single-shaft drive into double-shaft variable-ratio stretching, which comprises a chuck 6, an upper guide rail 5, a lower guide rail 1, a guide rod 2, a sliding block 4, a pulling rope, a pre-tightening device and a pulley 3, wherein the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are oppositely arranged, the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are connected through the guide rod 2, one surface of the lower guide rail 1, facing the upper guide rail 5, is provided with a first groove 10, and the sliding block 4 is also arranged on the first groove 10 in a sliding manner; the lower guide rail 1 is further provided with a pulley 3, the pulley 3 is installed on the lower guide rail 1 through a pulley connecting hole 12, one end of the pull rope, which bypasses the pulley 3, is connected with the sliding block 4 through a pre-tightening device, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through a first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 formed in the upper guide rail 5 and is connected with the upper guide rail 5 through the pre-tightening device, and the chuck 6 is arranged at the center of the upper guide rail 5, which is far away from the surface of the lower guide rail 1, and is clamped and fixed through a. First pretension screw hole 9 is located around upper guideway 5, and the last guiding hole that is used for guide bar 2 to connect is installed at first pretension screw hole 9 both ends, first pretension screw hole 9 all is located same horizontal plane with last guiding hole, and wherein lower guideway 1 is equipped with second pretension screw hole 8 along the corresponding position of X axle direction, and lower guideway 1 sets up guiding hole 11 position and last guiding hole one-to-one down. The support device is characterized by further comprising a support rod, wherein one end of the support rod is in threaded connection with the lower guide rail 1 through a support connecting hole 7, the other end of the support rod is connected with the upper guide rail 5 and is used for supporting the upper guide rail 5, and the support connecting hole 7 is formed in two ends of the lower guide rail 1 in the Y-axis direction. The support connecting hole 7 and the lower guide hole 11 are positioned in the same horizontal plane. The sliding block 4 comprises a connecting block and a sliding block, the connecting block is C-shaped, a plurality of openings are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block, a test piece can be placed in the connecting block and fixedly connected through the openings and matched with pins, and a first pull rope connecting hole 13 is further formed in the connecting block; one end of the sliding block is provided with a transverse block and a vertical block which are connected with each other, the transverse block and the vertical block are arranged vertically, the transverse block is matched with the first groove 10 on the lower guide rail 1, the vertical block is also provided with a second pull rope connecting hole 14, and the first pull rope connecting hole 13 corresponds to the second pull rope connecting hole 14. The pre-tightening device passes through the first pull rope connecting hole 13 and the second pull rope connecting hole 14 to be connected with the sliding block 4, and also passes through the first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 or/and the second pre-tightening threaded hole 8 to be connected with the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1; the pre-tightening device comprises a pre-tightening threaded rod and a chuck lock, wherein the chuck lock is fixedly connected with one end of the pull rope facing the pulley 3, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the pre-tightening threaded rod, and the depth of the rotary pre-tightening threaded rod entering the first pull rope connecting hole 13 and the second pull rope connecting hole 14 of the sliding block 4 and the depth of the first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 or/and the second pre-tightening threaded hole 8 are/is adjusted by rotating the pre-tightening threaded. The diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the diameter of an inner hole of the pre-tightening threaded rod and smaller than the outer diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod. The chuck 6 comprises a cover plate 15 and a clamping block 16, wherein a convex block is arranged at the bottom of the clamping block 16, a concave pit matched with the convex block in size is formed in the middle of the cover plate 15, a clamping groove matched with the clamping block 16 in size is further formed in the concave pit, and one end, far away from the convex block, of the clamping block 16 penetrates through the clamping groove, so that the concave pit and the convex block are arranged in a fit mode.
In this embodiment, the lower guide rail 1 is preferably made of stainless steel, the length of the X axis of the lower guide rail 1 is longer than the length of the Y axis, the size of the upper guide rail 5 is the same as that of the lower guide rail 1, the lower guide rail 1 is provided with a first groove 10, the size of the first groove 10 is matched with that of the slider 4, a lubricant is added in the first groove 10, the slider 4 can conveniently slide in the first groove 10, the upper guide rail 5 is preferably made of aluminum alloy, the lower guide rail 1 and the upper guide rail 5 are cross-shaped, the pulleys 3 in this embodiment are four pulleys which are respectively installed on four ends of the lower guide rail 1 and correspond to pulley connecting holes 12, the four ends of the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are respectively provided with upper guide holes and lower guide holes 11, the upper guide holes and the lower guide holes 11 correspond to one another one by one to one another, so as to realize the up-and down movement of the upper guide rail 5 along the guide rod 2, for supporting the upper rail 5; in the embodiment, the chuck 6 is preferably made of stainless steel, the chuck 6 is composed of a cover plate 15 and a clamping block 16, wherein the periphery of the cover plate 15 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the surface of the upper guide rail 5 far away from the lower guide rail 1 through screws, one end of the chuck 6 penetrates through a clamping groove arranged on the cover plate 15, so that the convex block is attached to the concave pit, and the convex block is connected with the concave pit through screws, so that different types of chucks 6 can be replaced at any time according to different loading devices during experiments; in the embodiment, the sliding block 4 is also preferably made of stainless steel, the sliding block 4 comprises a connecting block and a sliding block, a test piece is placed in the connecting block and fixedly connected with a pin through a hole, the connecting block is correspondingly connected with the sliding block, and the central axes of the first pull rope connecting hole 13 and the second pull rope connecting hole 14 are located in the same horizontal plane; the pre-tightening device in the embodiment is preferably made of stainless steel and comprises a pre-tightening threaded rod and a chuck lock, the pre-tightening threaded rod is mainly used for adjusting the initial stress state of the pull rope, and the chuck lock and the pull rope are adopted to be connected and matched: one end of the pulling rope is fixedly connected with the chuck lock, the other end of the pulling rope passes through the pre-tightening threaded rod, the chuck lock is superposed with the central axis of the pre-tightening threaded rod, and the two cylindrical end surfaces are mutually jointed, so that the two end surfaces of the threaded rod, which are in phase-locked contact with the chuck, can freely slide without mutual interference, namely, the pulling rope cannot rotate along with the pre-tightening threaded rod when the pre-tightening threaded rod rotates, the outer diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the inner diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod but not larger than the outer diameter of the pre-tightening threaded rod, so that the chuck lock is conveniently hidden in the corresponding first pre-tightening threaded hole 9, the second pre-tightening threaded hole 8, the first pulling rope connecting hole 13 and the second pulling rope connecting hole 14, and the pre-tightening threaded rod is rotated to match with the torque wrench, and, the moment of each pre-tightening threaded rod is the same, and the initial pre-tightening force of each pull rope is the same.
Example 2
The embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, and is an improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are cross-shaped, the first grooves 10 on the lower guide rail 1 are arranged in an axial direction of the lower guide rail 1, the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are both provided with a pair of pulley connecting holes 12 along a Y-axis direction, the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 1 are both provided with a plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes 12 along an X-axis direction, and the installation positions of the plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes 12 correspond to different loading ratios.
Different adjustable loading proportions in this embodiment, many pairs of pulley connecting holes 12 that lower guideway 1 and upper guideway 5 set up along the X axle direction are four, and the pulley 3 that sets up different quantity links to each other with the stay cord and corresponds 1 respectively: 1. loading at different ratios of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, thereby realizing biaxial tensile tests with various loading ratios; in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, a 1:2 ratio tensile test is performed, and compared with embodiment 1, a pair of pulleys 3 are provided on an upper rail 5 along an X-axis direction, and a pulling rope first passes through the pulley 3 of a lower rail 1, and then passes through the pulley 3 of the upper rail 5 and then passes through a second pretension threaded hole 8 provided in the lower rail 1.
Example 3
The present embodiment is basically the same as the embodiments 1 and 2, and is an improvement on the basis of the embodiments 1 and 2, as shown in fig. 9, a 1:3 ratio tensile test is shown in the present embodiment, compared with the embodiment 2, a pair of pulleys 3 are additionally arranged on the lower guide rail 1 along the X-axis direction, the pulling rope firstly passes through the pulley 3 near the center of the lower guide rail 1, and then passes through the pulley 3 of the upper guide rail 5, passes through the other pulley 3 arranged on the lower guide rail 1, and then passes through the first pre-tightening threaded hole 9 arranged on the upper guide rail 5.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, embodiment 2, and embodiment 3, and is an improvement made on the basis of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, or embodiment 3, as shown in fig. 10, the present embodiment further includes a flat mirror 22, a second groove 17 is axially disposed on a side wall of the lower rail 1, the second groove 17 is connected to a sliding plate 21, the sliding plate 21 is further connected to a screw 19 by a thread, wherein a blocking plate 18 and a supporting plate 20 are respectively mounted on a top of the screw 19, the flat mirror 22 is disposed between the blocking plate 18 and the supporting plate 20, and an included angle of 45 ° is formed between the flat mirror 22 and a plane where the lower rail 1 is located. The baffle plate 18 is arranged opposite to the support sheet 20, and the baffle plate 18 and the support sheet 20 are correspondingly arranged at four corners of a plane mirror 22.
In order to better observe the specimen in a direct manner in this embodiment, the plane mirror 22 is arranged to reflect light by a mirror surface, the test piece can be observed just right, a plurality of second grooves 17 are axially arranged on the side walls of the four arms of the cross-shaped lower guide rail 1, the second grooves 17 are in a sawtooth shape and are connected with a sliding sheet 21 in a matching way, teeth arranged at the bottom of the sliding sheet 21 are matched with the second grooves 17, one end of the sliding sheet 21, provided with the teeth, is inserted into the second grooves 17, can prevent the sliding sheet 21 from moving back and forth, when the position of the sliding sheet 21 needs to be changed, the sliding sheet 21 can be inserted into the second groove 17 after being pulled out, the sliding sheet 21 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 19, the sliding sheet 21 is provided with a plurality of screw holes, the screw rod 19 is provided with threads matched with the screw holes, the height adjustment is realized by rotating the screw rod 19 to enter the screw hole depth of the sliding sheet 21, and the distance between the screw rod 19 and the lower guide rail 1 can be adjusted by inserting a plurality of screw holes into different screw holes through the screw rod 19; the top of the screw rod 19 is respectively provided with a baffle 18 and a support sheet 20, the bottoms of the baffle 18 and the support sheet 20 are also provided with screw holes and are connected with the screw rod 19 through the screw holes, thus when the height of the screw rod 19 is adjusted, the baffle 18 and the support sheet 20 can be rotated to be always kept oppositely arranged, in the embodiment, the two baffle 18 and the support sheet 20 are both arranged, the two baffle 18 and the two support sheets 20 are arranged at the same side, the baffle 18 and the support sheet 20 are oppositely arranged, and the plane mirror 22 is arranged between the baffle 18 and the support sheet 20 and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the plane where the lower guide rail 1 is located, so that the plane mirror 22 can be conveniently observed along one end.
The invention has the following steps:
and 4, mounting different numbers of pulleys 3 through the pulley connecting holes 12, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to realize the biaxial tension tests loaded in different proportions.
Claims (10)
1. The device for testing the performance of the material converted from single-shaft driving to double-shaft variable-ratio stretching is characterized by comprising a chuck (6), an upper guide rail (5), a lower guide rail (1), a guide rod (2), a sliding block (4), a pull rope, a pre-tightening device and a pulley (3), wherein the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) are arranged oppositely and have the same structure, the upper guide rail (5) is connected with the lower guide rail (1) through the guide rod (2), one surface of the lower guide rail (1), which faces the upper guide rail (5), is provided with a first groove (10), and the sliding block (4) is further arranged on the first groove (10) in a sliding manner;
the lower guide rail (1) is further provided with a pulley (3), the pulley (3) is installed on the lower guide rail (1) through a pulley connecting hole (12), wherein a pull rope bypasses one end of the pulley (3) and is connected with a sliding block (4) through a pre-tightening device, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through a first pre-tightening threaded hole (9) formed in the upper guide rail (5) and is connected with the upper guide rail (5) through the pre-tightening device, and a chuck (6) is arranged in the center of the upper guide rail (5) far away from the surface of the lower guide rail (1) and is clamped and fixed through a loading device.
2. The material performance testing device capable of converting single-shaft driving into double-shaft variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, wherein the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) are cross-shaped, the first grooves (10) in the lower guide rail (1) are arranged in an axial direction of the lower guide rail (1), the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) are respectively provided with a pair of pulley connecting holes (12) along a Y-axis direction, the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1) are respectively provided with a plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes (12) along an X-axis direction, and the installation positions of the plurality of pairs of pulley connecting holes (12) correspond to different loading ratios.
3. The material performance testing device capable of converting single-shaft driving into double-shaft variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, characterized in that the first pre-tightening threaded holes (9) are formed in the periphery of the upper guide rail (5), upper guide holes for connecting the guide rods (2) are installed at two ends of the first pre-tightening threaded holes (9), the first pre-tightening threaded holes (9) and the upper guide holes are located in the same horizontal plane, second pre-tightening threaded holes (8) are formed in corresponding positions of the lower guide rail (1) along the X-axis direction, and the lower guide rail (1) is provided with the lower guide holes (11) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the upper guide holes.
4. The material performance testing device capable of converting single-axis driving into double-axis variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a supporting rod, wherein one end of the supporting rod is in threaded connection with the lower guide rail (1) through a supporting connecting hole (7), the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the upper guide rail (5) and is used for supporting the upper guide rail (5), the supporting connecting hole (7) is formed in each of two ends of the lower guide rail (1) in the Y-axis direction, and the supporting connecting hole (7) and the lower guide hole (11) are located in the same horizontal plane.
5. The device for testing the performance of the material converted from the uniaxial drive to the biaxial variable-ratio stretching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding block (4) comprises a connecting block and a sliding block, the connecting block is C-shaped, the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block are respectively provided with a plurality of openings, a test piece can be placed into the connecting block and fixedly connected through the openings and matched with pins, and the connecting block is also provided with a first pull rope connecting hole (13); the sliding block one end is equipped with including horizontal piece and riser block with linking to each other, the horizontal piece sets up with the riser block is perpendicular, and wherein the horizontal piece suits with first recess (10) on lower guideway (1), still is equipped with second stay cord connecting hole (14) on the riser block, first stay cord connecting hole (13) are corresponding with second stay cord connecting hole (14).
6. The material performance testing device converted from single-shaft driving to double-shaft proportional stretching according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-tightening device passes through the first pull rope connecting hole (13) and the second pull rope connecting hole (14) to be connected with the sliding block (4), and also passes through the first pre-tightening threaded hole (9) or/and the second pre-tightening threaded hole (8) to be connected with the upper guide rail (5) and the lower guide rail (1);
the pre-tightening device comprises a pre-tightening threaded rod and a chuck lock, wherein the pull rope faces one end of the pulley (3) and is fixedly connected with the chuck lock, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the pre-tightening threaded rod, the depth of a first pull rope connecting hole (13) and a second pull rope connecting hole (14) of the sliding block (4) and the depth of a first pre-tightening threaded hole (9) or/and a second pre-tightening threaded hole (8) are adjusted by rotating the pre-tightening threaded rod, and the diameter of the chuck lock is larger than the diameter of an inner hole of the pre-tightening threaded rod and smaller.
7. The device for testing the performance of the material converted from the uniaxial driving to the biaxial variable-ratio stretching according to claim 6, wherein the chuck (6) comprises a cover plate (15) and a clamping block (16), a bump is arranged at the bottom of the clamping block (16), a concave pit corresponding to the bump is formed in the middle of the cover plate (15), a clamping groove corresponding to the clamping block (16) is further formed in the concave pit, and one end, far away from the bump, of the clamping block (16) penetrates through the clamping groove to enable the concave pit to be attached to the bump.
8. The material performance testing device converted from single-shaft driving to double-shaft variable-ratio stretching according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a plane mirror (22), wherein a second groove (17) is axially formed in the side wall of the lower guide rail (1), the second groove (17) is connected with a sliding sheet (21), the sliding sheet (21) is further connected with a screw rod (19) in a threaded manner, the top of the screw rod (19) is provided with a baffle (18) and a supporting sheet (20), the plane mirror (22) is placed between the baffle (18) and the supporting sheet (20), and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the plane mirror (22) and the plane of the lower guide rail (1).
9. The device for testing the performance of a material converted from uniaxial driving to biaxial variable-ratio stretching according to claim 8, wherein the blocking sheets (18) are arranged opposite to the supporting sheet (20), and the blocking sheets (18) are arranged at the four corners of the plane mirror (22) corresponding to the supporting sheet (20).
10. The method for testing the performance of a material converted from uniaxial driving to biaxial variable-ratio stretching according to any claim 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, assembling parts such as a chuck, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, a guide rod, a sliding block, a pre-tightening device, a pull rope, a pulley and the like into a whole to form a test system;
step 2, placing the test piece in a slide block, penetrating a pin through the slide block to be connected with the test piece, adjusting the position of the slide block to enable the test piece to be positioned at the center of a lower guide rail, and adjusting a pre-tightening threaded rod to enable the pre-tightening force of each pull rope to be the same;
step 3, the loading device tightens the chuck to apply motion loading, drives the upper guide rail to move upwards under the guidance of the guide rod, and drives the pull rope and the slide block to move, so as to realize the stretching of the test piece, when the loading device loads a certain load, the loading is suspended, the distance and the corresponding load on the test piece are measured and recorded by a vernier caliper, and the test is repeatedly carried out;
and 4, mounting pulleys with different numbers through the pulley connecting holes, and repeating the steps 1 to 3 to realize the biaxial tension tests loaded in different proportions.
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| CN112461652B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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