CN105831496B - A kind of vitamine supplement of the degeneration-resistant feed of the megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment - Google Patents
A kind of vitamine supplement of the degeneration-resistant feed of the megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment Download PDFInfo
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- CN105831496B CN105831496B CN201610215215.4A CN201610215215A CN105831496B CN 105831496 B CN105831496 B CN 105831496B CN 201610215215 A CN201610215215 A CN 201610215215A CN 105831496 B CN105831496 B CN 105831496B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The present invention relates to aquaculture, nutrition regulation and feed processing technology, the vitamine supplement of especially a kind of degeneration-resistant feed of the megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment and its match Preparation Method.On the basis of megalobrama amblycephala feed formula is free of vitamin, mainly configure to obtain according to percentage by the following raw material: vitamin A: 7500-9000IU, vitamin D: 1500-3500IU, vitamin E: 25-55mg, vitamin K: 1.5-3mg, thiamine: 1.5-3mg, riboflavin: 6.5-7.5mg, biotin: 0.1-0.2mg, cobalamin: 0.02-0.05mg, calcium pantothenate: 9-28mg, niacinamide: 15-30mg, pyridoxine: 2.0-3.5mg, choline: 500-1400mg, inositol 28-110mg.Various vitamins in feed are innovatively carried out reasonably optimizing configuration by the present invention, Feed Manufacturing cost is reduced to reach, the juvenile fish death rate is reduced, efficiency of feed utilization, enhancing fish body immunity and the purpose for reducing " rubescent scared " phenomenon occurred in seine are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture, nutrition regulation and feed processing technology, especially a kind of vitamin enrichment
The vitamine supplement of the degeneration-resistant feed of megalobrama amblycephala.
Background technique
Megalobrama amblycephala is fresh water phytophage cyprinid fish, is commonly called as blunt snout bream, originates in Hubei Ezhou Liangzi Lake, be distributed mainly on
In the hydrostatic lake of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River.The fish is important omnivorous partially herbvore one of the economic fish in China, due to its feeding habits is wide,
High survival rate, be easy to catch, breeding cycle it is short, and have many advantages, such as that small, dressed fish is high, full of nutrition, delicious meat is delicate,
Thus as excellent freshwater fish kind in national popularity.By China Fisheries statistical yearbook in 2011 it is found that in addition to west
Especially, it is the important cultured freshwater fish in China which is distributed in other provinces and cities, China or area for hiding and two province of Qinghai
One of.The total output of China's megalobrama amblycephala in 2014 has reached 783,023 ton, and the 7th is occupied in national cultured freshwater fish, than
It increases 7.12% within 2013, realizes steady-state growth for years.Currently, the kind ranked among domestic main cultured fishes it
Column.
In current cultivation, megalobrama amblycephala feed mainly faces following problems: 1) without targetedly single-minded feed.Tradition is supported
It grows in mode, megalobrama amblycephala is of less demanding to feed protein because of its inclined phytophage, and aquatic feeds are mainly determined with protein content
Price, this is resulted in it is believed that the kind feed is inessential, and mixed breeding fish, feed of grass carp is used for a long time.2) megalobrama amblycephala is rubescent
Scared problem.This is the problem in modern intensive, high-density breeding.When adult fish draws in the net out the pool, because of seine, height
The problems such as temperature etc. stress occur, and megalobrama amblycephala epidermal mucus is caused to decline, scale exposure, subcutaneous hemorrhage is rubescent, and it is rubescent scared
Megalobrama amblycephala adult fish selling price will reduce one third.In recent years, because of the appearance of problem above, lead to scale and intensive
The fish occurs that the juvenile fish death rate is higher, the speed of growth is slow, efficiency of feed utilization is low, fish body is fatty excessively heavy under aquaculture model
The problems such as long-pending and breeding water body is seriously polluted causes weight huge economic loss to China's Fish-water Fish Farming industry and to water ring
Border also results in a degree of pollution and destruction.
Vitamin is fish growth, existence and the most key nutriment to anti allergic reaction.Simultaneously as dimension life
Plain additive amount is small, and expensive and aquatic feeds formula Technical Competence embodies.Vitamin is in animal body with coenzyme
The form of prothetic group sustains life body normal activities.When certain vitamine supplement amount is insufficient or various vitamins between not
When balance, gently then fish growth is obstructed, and feed coefficient increases, and fish decline anti-stress ability, heavy then influence to survive, and causes abnormal
Shape is directly dead.And when certain vitamin additive amount is high, necessarily cause between each vitamin or vitamin and other
Antagonism occurs between nutriment, same to influence growth and existence.Apparent influence is not generated on growth in time, also can
It is that feed cost increases, causes to waste.Therefore, no matter from economic, health, environmental protection, or from the perspective of existence, growth,
The vitamin level of balance is of great significance to the preparation of fish feed.
Megalobrama amblycephala is as the seventh-largest fresh water kind in China, and yield is big, the market demand is big, has studied its feed vitamins balance
Through very urgent.At present in professional standard and enterprise's formula, megalobrama amblycephala vitamin additive amount referring especially to other cyprinid fish, this
Be it is very extensive, it is not scientific, not rigorous, also cause very big influence (rubescent scared etc.) to actual production activity.According to us
Test result, balance megalobrama amblycephala vitamin supply, can with the promotion of high degree grow, reduce waste, improve immunity,
Resisting stress is occurred, hence it is evident that the generation for reducing the rubescent stress situations such as scared improves economic and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the Feed Manufacturing that megalobrama amblycephala occurs in the scale proposed in the prior art and intensive breeding process
Higher cost, the juvenile fish death rate be higher, efficiency of feed utilization is low, " rubescent scared " etc. occurs with seine under fish premunition asks
Topic, the present invention provides a kind of vitamine supplements of the degeneration-resistant feed of the megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of degeneration-resistant feed of the megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment
Vitamine supplement, characterized in that megalobrama amblycephala feed formula be free of additional vitamin on the basis of, mainly by the following raw material
It configures to obtain according to percentage: vitamin A: 7500-9000IU, vitamin D: 1500-3500IU, vitamin E: 25-55mg, dimension
Raw element K:1.5-3mg, thiamine: 1.5-3mg, riboflavin: 6.5-7.5mg, biotin: 0.1-0.2mg, cobalamin: 0.02-
0.05mg, calcium pantothenate: 9-28mg, niacinamide: 15-30mg, pyridoxine: 2.0-3.5mg, choline: 500-1400mg, inositol 28-
110mg。
It according to another embodiment of the invention, further comprise the weight percent of preferably each raw material, every kilogram of feeding
Content in material is respectively as follows: vitamin A: 9000IU, vitamin D: 2700IU, vitamin E: 48mg, vitamin K: 2.1mg, sulphur
Amine element: 1.9mg, riboflavin: 7.2mg, biotin: 0.17mg, cobalamin: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 21mg, niacinamide: 27mg,
Pyridoxine: 2.2mg, choline: 900mg, 90 mg of inositol.
According to above scheme, this feed the preparation method is as follows:
(1) various raw materials are weighed by formula；Vitamin A: 750000-900000IU, vitamin D: 150000-
350000IU, vitamin E: 2500-5500mg, vitamin K: 150-300mg, thiamine: 150-300mg, riboflavin: 650-
750mg, biotin: 10-20mg, cobalamin: 2-5mg, calcium pantothenate: 900-2800mg, niacinamide: 1500-3000mg, pyrrole are trembled
Element: 200-350mg, choline: 50000-140000 mg, inositol 2800-11000 mg；
(2) vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K are mixed, obtains primary mixture；
(3) by primary mixture, thiamine, riboflavin, biotin, cobalamin, calcium pantothenate, niacinamide, pyridoxine, gallbladder
Alkali, inositol carry out secondary mixing, obtain secondary mixture；
(4) it adds through the smashed wheat bran of 80 mesh or zeolite powder in secondary mixture as filler, is configured to 1 kg
Mixture to get arrive even mixing；
(5) above-mentioned even mixing is added in commercially available megalobrama amblycephala feed with 1% additive amount, vitamin enrichment
The vitamine supplement of the degeneration-resistant feed of megalobrama amblycephala.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) vitamin adding proportion range of the present invention is more suitable production, convenient for reducing cost；
(2) using can be improved after inventive formulation fish body growth, reduce feed coefficient；
(3) present invention can with high degree reduce stress, especially in the productions activity such as high temperature, seine, reduction it is " rubescent
It is scared " phenomenon occurrence probability, improves marketable fish commercial value and quality；
(4) raw material used in the present invention is the common feedstuff being produced on a large scale in China, production technology
Also similar with pellet with general fish, it is convenient for large-scale promotion；
(5) present invention can significantly reduce the feed coefficient of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish and improve its production performance, and then reduce cultivation
Cost increases output；
(6) present invention is remarkably improved megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress ability, improves out pool quality and selling price；
(7) the non-spy that the present invention can significantly reduce stress reaction caused by the pairs of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish of diet group, improve body
Specific immunological power, and finally improve its survival rate during cultivation and in fishing and transportational process.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several variations and modifications can also be made, these also should be regarded as of the invention
In protection scope.
Embodiment and test one
Test feed is three groups: (1) control group: commercially available company one；(2) 1 group of test: inventive formulation 1；(3) 2 are tested
Group: inventive formulation 2.Formula 1 includes: vitamin A: 8500IU, vitamin D: 2300IU, vitamin E: 43mg, vitamin K:
2.1mg, thiamine: 1.6mg, riboflavin: 6.2mg, biotin: 0.15mg, cobalamin: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 19mg, nicotinoyl
Amine: 25mg, pyridoxine: 2.0mg, choline: 800mg, 80 mg of inositol.Formula 2 includes: vitamin A: 9000IU, vitamin D:
2700IU, vitamin E: 48mg, vitamin K: 2.1mg, thiamine: 1.9mg, riboflavin: 7.2mg, biotin: 0.17mg, cobalt
Amine element: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 21mg, niacinamide: 27mg, pyridoxine: 2.2mg, choline: 900mg, 90 mg of inositol.It is formulated 1 He
Formula 2 the preparation method is as follows: (1) weighs various raw materials by formula；(2) by vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and Wei Sheng
Plain K is mixed, and two arrive primary mixture；(3) by primary mixture, thiamine, riboflavin, biotin, cobalamin, pantothenic acid
Calcium, niacinamide, pyridoxine, choline, inositol carry out secondary mixing, obtain secondary mixture；(4) warp is added in secondary mixture
The smashed wheat bran of 80 mesh or zeolite powder are configured to 1 kg mixture as filler to get even mixing is arrived；It (5) will be above-mentioned even
Mixing is added in commercially available megalobrama amblycephala feed with 1% additive amount, the degeneration-resistant feed of megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment dimension it is raw
Plain additive.
1 feed formula of table and trophic level
1.2 test fish and feeding management
Test is tamed 14 days with fish, during which feeds basal feed, physically fit neat specification, original body mass are selected after domestication
240 tail of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish of (74.98 ± 0.04) g, is randomly divided into 3 groups, every group of 4 repetitions, each 20 tail of repetition.Test fish is supported
It grows in indoor circulation system, is satiated with food feeds 3 times (time is respectively in 7:30,11:30,16:30) daily, the cultivation phase is 8 weeks.Examination
During testing, whole miniflow water recycles (1.5 L/min), and water temperature is between 20~30 °C, and pH is 7.0~7.5, and 24 h of whole day fills
Oxygen.Heat stress is carried out after cultivating 8 weeks, measurement stress front and back blood glucose and Determination of cortisol.
2 each group growth performance of table
| Grouping | Initial weight g | Rate of body weight gain % | Feed coefficient |
| Control group | 74.98±0.04 | 32.59±1.73b | 2.36±0.20a |
| Test 1 group | 74.98±0.04 | 39.61±3.15a | 1.97±0.17b |
| Test 2 groups | 74.98±0.04 | 36.31±3.56ab | 2.22±0.24a |
Note: the different letters of same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
Each group blood glucose and cortisol levels before and after 3 heat stress of table
| Blood glucose | Cortisol | ||
| Stress before | Control group | 3.48±0.44 | 571.52±98.77 |
| Test 1 group | 3.46±0.22 | 537.72±93.11 | |
| Test 2 groups | 3.23±0.11 | 526.39±98.69 | |
| Stress after | Control group | 3.54±0.28a | 689.75±48.57a |
| Test 1 group | 3.03±0.17b | 614.81±45.44b | |
| Test 2 groups | 2.67±0.21c | 571.31±68.60c |
Note: the different letters of same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
Embodiment and test two
Test feed is three groups: (1) control group: commercially available company two；(2) 1 group of test: inventive formulation 1；(3) 2 are tested
Group: inventive formulation 2.Inventive formulation 1 and such as embodiment one of formula 2 are identical.
4 feed formula of table and trophic level
1.2 test fish and feeding management
Test is tamed 14 days with fish, during which feeds basal feed, physically fit neat specification, original body mass are selected after domestication
240 tail of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish of (74.98 ± 0.04) g, is randomly divided into 3 groups, every group of 4 repetitions, each 20 tail of repetition.Test fish is supported
It grows in outdoor net cage, is satiated with food feeds 2 times (time is respectively in 7:30,16:30) daily, the cultivation phase is 8 weeks.During test, water
For temperature between 28~33 °C, pH is 7.0~7.5.Simulation seine is carried out after cultivating 8 weeks, measurement stress front and back blood glucose and cortisol
Content.
5 each group growth performance of table
| Grouping | Initial weight g | Rate of body weight gain % | Feed coefficient |
| Control group | 74.98±0.04 | 152.59±11.21 | 1.96±0.21 |
| Test 1 group | 74.98±0.04 | 159.61±13.23 | 1.97±0.23 |
| Test 2 groups | 74.98±0.04 | 156.31±13.48 | 2.02±0.34 |
Note: the different letters of same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
Each group blood glucose and cortisol levels before and after 6 heat stress of table
| Blood glucose | Cortisol | ||
| Stress before | Control group | 3.58±0.54 | 552.21±79.03 |
| Test 1 group | 3.56±0.28 | 545.46±56.54 | |
| Test 2 groups | 3.43±0.31 | 598.83±84.92 | |
| Stress after | Control group | 3.84±0.18a | 647.72±27.72a |
| Test 1 group | 3.23±0.27b | 643.25±54.27b | |
| Test 2 groups | 2.79±0.41c | 501.28±25.72c |
Note: the different letters of same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
Compared with prior art, inventive formulation passes through carries out pair with the formula and nutritional ingredient of commercially available bream compound feed
It is measured than analysis, it was demonstrated that feed of the invention has the advantage that (one) present invention is to need to megalobrama amblycephala to vitamin
Summation feedstuff digestibility formed on comprehensive and systematic Research foundation, and material combination and nutrition-allocated proportion are more balanced
With it is reasonable, have extensive experiment basis and scientific basis；(2) its vitamin adding proportion range is more suitable production, is convenient for
Reduce cost；(3) using can be improved after the present invention fish body growth, reduce feed coefficient；(4) it can be reduced and be answered with high degree
Swash, especially in the productions activity such as high temperature, seine, reduces " rubescent scared " phenomenon occurrence probability, improve marketable fish commercial value
And quality；(5) raw material used in is the common feedstuff being produced on a large scale in China, and production technology is also with one
As fish it is similar with pellet, be convenient for large-scale promotion.
Raw material used in inventive formulation is the common feedstuff being produced on a large scale in China, manufacture craft
Also relatively easy, have many advantages, such as that materials are convenient, cheap and can large-scale industrial production.Currently, the present invention exists
Small-scale popularization and application are carried out in feed a part enterprise, the results showed that it can reduce being produced into for feed to a certain extent
Originally, the survival rate of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish is improved, feed coefficient is reduced, improves anti-stress ability and premunition, is reduced " rubescent scared "
Its culture efficiency occurs and finally improves for phenomenon.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of vitamine supplement of the degeneration-resistant feed of the megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment, characterized in that the additive is by following former
Material is prepared and is obtained: vitamin A: 7500-9000IU, vitamin D: 1500-3500IU, vitamin E: 25-55mg, vitamin K:
1.5-3mg, thiamine: 1.5-3mg, riboflavin: 6.5-7.5mg, biotin: 0.1-0.2mg, cobalamin: 0.02-0.05mg,
Calcium pantothenate: 9-28mg, niacinamide: 15-30mg, pyridoxine: 2.0-3.5mg, choline: 500-1400mg, inositol 28-110mg.
2. a kind of vitamine supplement of the degeneration-resistant feed of the megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment, characterized in that in every kilogram of additive
Content is respectively as follows: vitamin A: 9000IU, vitamin D: 2700IU, vitamin E: 48mg, vitamin K: 2.1mg, thiamine:
1.9mg, riboflavin: 7.2mg, biotin: 0.17mg, cobalamin: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 21mg, niacinamide: 27mg, pyrrole are trembled
Element: 2.2mg, choline: 900mg, 90 mg of inositol.
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| CN101810259A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2010-08-25 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress feed and production method thereof |
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| CN104905072A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-16 | 南通巴大饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for megalobrama amblycephala and preparation method of compound feed |
| CN105230981A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 河南科技大学 | Feed for improving environmental adaptability of megalobrama amblycephala |
| CN105285499A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-03 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Special compound feed capable of promoting growth and resisting high-temperature stress of megalobrama amblycephala and preparation method of special compound feed |
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2016
- 2016-04-08 CN CN201610215215.4A patent/CN105831496B/en active Active
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| CN101810259A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2010-08-25 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress feed and production method thereof |
| CN104757303A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-08 | 江苏华威农牧发展有限公司 | Feed for preventing desquamation bleeding of megalobrama amblycephala in high-density breeding condition |
| CN104905072A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-16 | 南通巴大饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for megalobrama amblycephala and preparation method of compound feed |
| CN105230981A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 河南科技大学 | Feed for improving environmental adaptability of megalobrama amblycephala |
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Inventor after: Jiang Guangzhen Inventor after: Liu Wenbin Inventor after: Li Xiangfei Inventor after: Zhang Dingdong Inventor after: Mi Haifeng Inventor after: Wu Yeyang Inventor before: Jiang Guangzhen Inventor before: Liu Wenbin Inventor before: Zhou Man Inventor before: Li Xiangfei Inventor before: Zhang Dingdong |
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Effective date of registration: 20200331 Address after: 528222 New Industrial Development Zone, Nanhai District, Nanhai District, Guangdong, Foshan Patentee after: GUANGDONG TONGWEI FEED Co.,Ltd. Address before: Weigang Xuanwu District of Nanjing Jiangsu province 210000 No. 1 Co-patentee before: TONGWEI Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: NANJING AGRICULTURAL University |
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