CN105831496A - Vitaminized megalobrama amblycephala stress-resistant feed and a preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Vitaminized megalobrama amblycephala stress-resistant feed and a preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention relates to technical fields of aquaculture, nutrition regulation and control and feed processing, and particularly relates to vitaminized megalobrama amblycephala stress-resistant feed and a preparing method thereof. On the base that a megalobrama amblycephala feed formula is free of extra vitamins, the stress-resistant feed is prepared mainly from 7500-9000 IU of vitamin A, 1500-3500 IU of vitamin D, 25-55 mg of vitamin E, 1.5-3 mg of vitamin K, 1.5-3 mg of thiamine, 6.5-7.5 mg of riboflavin, 0.1-0.2 mg of biotin, 0.02-0.05 mg of cobalamin, 9-28 mg of calcium pantothenate, 15-30 mg of nicotinamide, 2.0-3.5 mg of pyridoxine, 500-1400 mg of choline and 28-110 mg of inositol. The vitamins in the feed are optimized and arranged reasonably and innovatively, thus achieving objectives of reducing the feed production cost, reducing the death rate of small fishes, increasing the feed utilization rate, boosting fish immunity, and reducing redden and hairy phenomena during fishing net hauling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture, nutrition regulation and feed processing technology field, the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala of a kind of vitamin enrichment and the method for outfit thereof.
Background technology
Megalobrama amblycephala is fresh water phytophage cyprinid fish, is commonly called as blunt snout bream, originates in Ezhou, Hubei Liangzi Lake, is distributed mainly in the hydrostatic lake of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River.One of omnivorous the most herbvore economic fish that this Yu Shi China is important, owing to its feeding habits are wide, survival rate is high, be prone to fish for, breeding cycle short, and there is the advantages such as little, dressed fish is high, nutritious, delicious meat is delicate, thus as excellent freshwater fish kind at whole nation popularity.From China Fisheries statistical yearbook in 2011, except Tibet and Qinghai two province especially, this fish all had distribution in other provinces and cities of China or area, was one of important cultured freshwater fish of China.The total output of China's Megalobrama amblycephala in 2014 has reached 783,023 ton, and in the whole nation, cultured freshwater fish apoplexy due to endogenous wind occupies the 7th, increased 7.12% than 2013, realizes steady-state growth the most for years.At present, this kind has ranked among the row of domestic main cultured fishes.
In at present cultivation, Megalobrama amblycephala feedstuff mainly faces problems with: 1) not the most single-minded feedstuff.In tradition aquaculture model, Megalobrama amblycephala is because of its inclined phytophage, less demanding to feed protein, and aquatic feeds is mainly set price with protein content, and this results in and it is believed that this kind feedstuff is inessential, and life-time service raises together with fish, feed of grass carp.2) the rubescent scared problem of Megalobrama amblycephala.This is produced problem in modern intensive, high-density breeding.When adult fish draws in the net out the pool because draw in the net, high temperature etc. stress occur, and causes Megalobrama amblycephala epidermal mucus to decline, scale exposes, the problems such as subcutaneous hemorrhage is rubescent, and rubescent scared Megalobrama amblycephala adult fish selling price to reduce by 1/3rd.In recent years; because the appearance of problem above; juvenile fish mortality rate is higher, the speed of growth is slow, efficiency of feed utilization is low, fish body fat over-deposit and the problem such as breeding water body is seriously polluted to cause this fish under scale and intensive culture pattern to occur in that, causes great economic loss to China's Fish-water Fish Farming industry and water environment also result in a certain degree of pollution and destruction.
Vitamin is fish growth, existence and the most key nutrient substance to anti allergic reaction.Simultaneously as vitamin addition is little, expensive, also it is that the Technical Competence of aquatic feeds formula embodies.Vitamin sustains life body normal activities with the form of coenzyme prothetic group in animal body.When certain vitamine supplement amount is not enough or between various vitamin uneven time, the most then fish growth is obstructed, and feed coefficient increases, and anti-stress ability is declined by Fish, heavy then affect existence, causes lopsided or directly death.And when certain vitamin addition height, necessarily cause between each vitamin, or between vitamin and other nutrient substance, antagonism occurs, same impact growth and existence.The most growth is not produced significantly impact, can be that feed cost increases yet, cause waste.Therefore, no matter from economic, healthy, environmental protection, or from the perspective of existence, growth, the preparation of fish feed is significant by the vitamin level of balance.
Megalobrama amblycephala is as China's the seventh-largest fresh water kind, and yield is big, the market demand is big, studies its feed vitamins balance the most very urgent.At present in industry standard and enterprise's formula, Megalobrama amblycephala vitamin addition is referring especially to other cyprinid fish, and this is the most extensive, not science, the most rigorous, causes the biggest impact (rubescent scared etc.) also to actual production activity.According to our result of the test, the Megalobrama amblycephala vitamin supply of balance, can grow with the promotion of high degree, reduce waste, improve immunity, anti-stress is occurred, hence it is evident that reduce the rubescent scared generation waiting stress state, improve economic and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
Feed Manufacturing in order to overcome Megalobrama amblycephala during the scale proposed in prior art and intensive culture to occur is relatively costly, juvenile fish mortality rate is higher, efficiency of feed utilization is low, under fish premunition and draw in the net problems such as " rubescent scared " occur, the invention provides the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala and the outfit method thereof of a kind of vitamin balance.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala of a kind of vitamin enrichment, it is characterized in that, on the basis of Megalobrama amblycephala feed formula is without additional vitamin, mainly obtained according to percentage ratio configuration by following raw material: vitamin A: 7500-9000IU, vitamin D: 1500-3500IU, vitamin E: 25-55mg, vitamin K: 1.5-3mg, thiamine: 1.5-3mg, riboflavin: 6.5-7.5mg, biotin: 0.1-0.2mg, cobalamine: 0.02-0.05mg, calcium pantothenate: 9-28mg, nicotiamide: 15-30mg, pyridoxin: 2.0-3.5mg, choline: 500-1400mg, inositol 28-110mg.
According to another embodiment of the invention, farther include, the percentage by weight of the most each raw material, the content in every kilogram of feed is respectively as follows: vitamin A: 9000IU, vitamin D: 2700IU, vitamin E: 48mg, vitamin K: 2.1mg, thiamine: 1.9mg, riboflavin: 7.2mg, biotin: 0.17mg, cobalamine: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 21mg, nicotiamide: 27mg, pyridoxin: 2.2mg, choline: 900mg, inositol 90 mg.
According to such scheme, the preparation method of this feedstuff is as follows:
(1) various raw material is weighed by formula；Vitamin A: 750000-900000IU, vitamin D: 150000-350000IU, vitamin E: 2500-5500mg, vitamin K: 150-300mg, thiamine: 150-300mg, riboflavin: 650-750mg, biotin: 10-20mg, cobalamine: 2-5mg, calcium pantothenate: 900-2800mg, nicotiamide: 1500-3000mg, pyridoxin: 200-350mg, choline: 50000-140000 mg, inositol 2800-11000
mg；
(2) vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K are mixed, obtain once mixture；
(3) once mixture, thiamine, riboflavin, biotin, cobalamine, calcium pantothenate, nicotiamide, pyridoxin, choline, inositol are carried out secondary mixing, obtain secondary mixture；
(4) add in secondary mixture through 80 mesh pulverize after wheat bran or zeolite powder as implant, be configured to 1 kg mixture, i.e. obtain even batch mixing；
(5) above-mentioned even batch mixing is added in commercially available Megalobrama amblycephala feedstuff with the addition of 1%, the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) vitamin adding proportion scope of the present invention is more suitable for producing, it is simple to reduce cost；
(2) fish bulk-growth can be improved after using inventive formulation, reduce feed coefficient；
(3) present invention can with high degree reduce stress, especially at high temperature, draw in the net etc., in production activity, to reduce " rubescent scared " phenomenon occurrence probability, improve marketable fish commercial value and quality；
(4) raw material used by the present invention is the common feedstuff being produced on a large scale in China, and its production technology is also similar with pellet with general fish, it is simple to large-scale promotion；
(5) present invention can significantly reduce the feed coefficient of Megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish and improve its production performance, and then reduces aquaculture cost, increases output；
(6) present invention is remarkably improved megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress ability, improves and pool quality and selling price；
(7) present invention can significantly reduce daily ration and forms the stress causing Megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish, the non-specific immunity that improves body, and finally improves it and and fish for and the survival rate in transportation during cultivating.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.It should be pointed out that, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some modification and improvement, these also should be regarded as in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment and test one
Test feed is three groups: (1) matched group: commercially available company one；(2) 1 group is tested: inventive formulation 1；(3) 2 groups are tested: inventive formulation 2.Formula 1 comprises: vitamin A: 8500IU, vitamin D: 2300IU, vitamin E: 43mg, vitamin K: 2.1mg, thiamine: 1.6mg, riboflavin: 6.2mg, biotin: 0.15mg, cobalamine: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 19mg, nicotiamide: 25mg, pyridoxin: 2.0mg, choline: 800mg, inositol 80 mg.Formula 2 comprises: vitamin A: 9000IU, vitamin D: 2700IU, vitamin E: 48mg, vitamin K: 2.1mg, thiamine: 1.9mg, riboflavin: 7.2mg, biotin: 0.17mg, cobalamine: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 21mg, nicotiamide: 27mg, pyridoxin: 2.2mg, choline: 900mg, inositol 90 mg.The preparation method of formula 1 and formula 2 is as follows: (1) weighs various raw material by formula；(2) vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K being mixed, two arrive once mixture；(3) once mixture, thiamine, riboflavin, biotin, cobalamine, calcium pantothenate, nicotiamide, pyridoxin, choline, inositol are carried out secondary mixing, obtain secondary mixture；(4) add in secondary mixture through 80 mesh pulverize after wheat bran or zeolite powder as implant, be configured to 1 kg mixture, i.e. obtain even batch mixing；(5) above-mentioned even batch mixing is added in commercially available Megalobrama amblycephala feedstuff with the addition of 1%, the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment.
Table 1 feed formula and trophic level
1.2 test fish and feedings and managements
Testing and tame 14 days with fish, period throws something and feeds normal feedstuff, selects physically fit neat specification after domestication, and Megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish 240 tail of original body mass (74.98 ± 0.04) g is randomly divided into 3 groups, often 4 repetitions of group, each repetition 20 tail.Test fish culture is in indoor circulation system, and be satiated with food every day throw something and feed 3 times (time is respectively at 7:30,11:30,16:30), and the cultivation phase is 8 weeks.During test, omnidistance miniflow water circulation (1.5 L/min), water temperature is between 20～30 ° of C, and pH is 7.0～7.5, whole day 24 h oxygenation.Carry out heat stress after cultivating 8 weeks, mensuration stress before and after blood glucose and Determination of cortisol.
Growth performance respectively organized by table 2
| Packet | Initial weight g | Rate of body weight gain % | Feed coefficient |
| Matched group | 74.98±0.04 | 32.59±1.73b | 2.36±0.20a |
| Test 1 group | 74.98±0.04 | 39.61±3.15a | 1.97±0.17b |
| Test 2 groups | 74.98±0.04 | 36.31±3.56ab | 2.22±0.24a |
Note: same column difference letter representation significant difference (P < 0.05).
Each group blood glucose and cortisol levels before and after table 3 heat stress
| Blood glucose | Hydrocortisone | ||
| Before stress | Matched group | 3.48±0.44 | 571.52±98.77 |
| Test 1 group | 3.46±0.22 | 537.72±93.11 | |
| Test 2 groups | 3.23±0.11 | 526.39±98.69 | |
| After stress | Matched group | 3.54±0.28a | 689.75±48.57a |
| Test 1 group | 3.03±0.17b | 614.81±45.44b | |
| Test 2 groups | 2.67±0.21c | 571.31±68.60c |
Note: same column difference letter representation significant difference (P < 0.05).
Embodiment and test two
Test feed is three groups: (1) matched group: commercially available company two；(2) 1 group is tested: inventive formulation 1；(3) 2 groups are tested: inventive formulation 2.Inventive formulation 1 is identical with formula 2 such as embodiment one.
Table 4 feed formula and trophic level
1.2 test fish and feedings and managements
Testing and tame 14 days with fish, period throws something and feeds normal feedstuff, selects physically fit neat specification after domestication, and Megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish 240 tail of original body mass (74.98 ± 0.04) g is randomly divided into 3 groups, often 4 repetitions of group, each repetition 20 tail.Test fish culture is in outdoor net cage, and be satiated with food every day throw something and feed 2 times (time is respectively at 7:30,16:30), and the cultivation phase is 8 weeks.During test, water temperature is between 28～33 ° of C, and pH is 7.0～7.5.After cultivating 8 weeks be simulated draw in the net, mensuration stress before and after blood glucose and Determination of cortisol.
Growth performance respectively organized by table 5
| Packet | Initial weight g | Rate of body weight gain % | Feed coefficient |
| Matched group | 74.98±0.04 | 152.59±11.21 | 1.96±0.21 |
| Test 1 group | 74.98±0.04 | 159.61±13.23 | 1.97±0.23 |
| Test 2 groups | 74.98±0.04 | 156.31±13.48 | 2.02±0.34 |
Note: same column difference letter representation significant difference (P < 0.05).
Each group blood glucose and cortisol levels before and after table 6 heat stress
| Blood glucose | Hydrocortisone | ||
| Before stress | Matched group | 3.58±0.54 | 552.21±79.03 |
| Test 1 group | 3.56±0.28 | 545.46±56.54 | |
| Test 2 groups | 3.43±0.31 | 598.83±84.92 | |
| After stress | Matched group | 3.84±0.18a | 647.72±27.72a |
| Test 1 group | 3.23±0.27b | 643.25±54.27b | |
| Test 2 groups | 2.79±0.41c | 501.28±25.72c |
Note: same column difference letter representation significant difference (P < 0.05).
Compared with prior art, inventive formulation is analyzed mensuration through formula and the nutritional labeling with commercially available bream compound feed, prove that the feedstuff of the present invention has the advantage that vitamin demand and feedstuff digestibility are being carried out being formed on comprehensive and systematic Research foundation by (one) present invention by Megalobrama amblycephala, its material combination and nutrition-allocated proportion more equalize and rationally, have experiment basis and scientific basis widely；(2) its vitamin adding proportion scope is more suitable for producing, it is simple to reduce cost；(3) fish bulk-growth can be improved after using the present invention, reduce feed coefficient；(4) can with high degree reduce stress, especially at high temperature, draw in the net etc., in production activity, to reduce " rubescent scared " phenomenon occurrence probability, improve marketable fish commercial value and quality；(5) raw material used by is the common feedstuff being produced on a large scale in China, and its production technology is also similar with pellet with general fish, it is simple to large-scale promotion.
Raw material used in inventive formulation is the common feedstuff being produced on a large scale in China, and processing technology is the most relatively easy, have draw materials conveniently, cheap and can the advantage such as large-scale industrial production.At present, the present invention has carried out small-scale popularization and application in feed a part enterprise, result shows that it can reduce the production cost of feedstuff, the survival rate improving Megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish to a certain extent, reduce feed coefficient, raising anti-stress ability and premunition, reduces the culture benefit that " rubescent scared " phenomenon occurs and finally improves it.
Claims (3)
1. the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of the Megalobrama amblycephala of a vitamin enrichment, it is characterized in that, on the basis of Megalobrama amblycephala feed formula is without additional vitamin, mainly obtained according to percentage ratio configuration by following raw material: vitamin A: 7500-9000IU, vitamin D: 1500-3500IU, vitamin E: 25-55mg, vitamin K: 1.5-3mg, thiamine: 1.5-3mg, riboflavin: 6.5-7.5mg, biotin: 0.1-0.2mg, cobalamine: 0.02-0.05mg, calcium pantothenate: 9-28mg, nicotiamide: 15-30mg, pyridoxin: 2.0-3.5mg, choline: 500-1400mg, inositol 28-110mg.
The degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the percentage by weight of the most each raw material, the content in every kilogram of feed is respectively as follows: vitamin A: 9000IU, vitamin D: 2700IU, vitamin E: 48mg, vitamin K: 2.1mg, thiamine: 1.9mg, riboflavin: 7.2mg, biotin: 0.17mg, cobalamine: 0.04mg, calcium pantothenate: 21mg, nicotiamide: 27mg, pyridoxin: 2.2mg, choline: 900mg, inositol 90 mg.
The outfit method of the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: specifically comprising the following steps that of described method
(1) various raw material is weighed by formula: vitamin A: 750000-900000IU, vitamin D: 150000-350000IU, vitamin E: 2500-5500mg, vitamin K: 150-300mg, thiamine: 150-300mg, riboflavin: 650-750mg, biotin: 10-20mg, cobalamine: 2-5mg, calcium pantothenate: 900-2800mg, nicotiamide: 1500-3000mg, pyridoxin: 200-350mg, choline: 50000-140000 mg, inositol 2800-11000 mg；
(2) vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K are mixed, obtain once mixture；
(3) once mixture, thiamine, riboflavin, biotin, cobalamine, calcium pantothenate, nicotiamide, pyridoxin, choline, inositol are carried out secondary mixing, obtain secondary mixture；
(4) add in secondary mixture through 80 mesh pulverize after wheat bran or zeolite powder as implant, be configured to 1 kg mixture, i.e. obtain even batch mixing；
(5) above-mentioned even batch mixing is added in commercially available Megalobrama amblycephala feedstuff with the addition of 1%, the degeneration-resistant feedstuff of Megalobrama amblycephala of vitamin enrichment.
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Effective date of registration: 20200331 Address after: 528222 New Industrial Development Zone, Nanhai District, Nanhai District, Guangdong, Foshan Patentee after: GUANGDONG TONGWEI FEED Co.,Ltd. Address before: Weigang Xuanwu District of Nanjing Jiangsu province 210000 No. 1 Co-patentee before: TONGWEI Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: NANJING AGRICULTURAL University |