CN105822406B - 内燃机 - Google Patents

内燃机 Download PDF

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CN105822406B
CN105822406B CN201610135895.9A CN201610135895A CN105822406B CN 105822406 B CN105822406 B CN 105822406B CN 201610135895 A CN201610135895 A CN 201610135895A CN 105822406 B CN105822406 B CN 105822406B
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precombustion chamber
valve
internal combustion
combustion engine
chamber
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CN105822406A (zh
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M·格劳斯
F·洛佩斯
H·绍姆贝尔格
N·施皮拉
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Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
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GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1009—Interconnected mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F02B19/1028—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC
    • F02B19/1052—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC controlling, e.g. varying fuel-air ratio, quantity of charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1085—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/022—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure, temperature or composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3005—Details not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F02M21/0236—Multi-way valves; Multiple valves forming a multi-way valve system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F02M21/0239—Pressure or flow regulators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/08—Terminals; Connections
    • H01H71/082—Connections between juxtaposed circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1081—Modifications for selective or back-up protection; Correlation between feeder and branch circuit breaker
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机，其具有：至少一个预燃室，所述预燃室与用于向预燃室供应燃料的预燃室供应管连接，至少一个主燃烧室，其中，主燃烧室中的燃料能通过从所述至少一个预燃室转入到所述至少一个主燃烧室的点火火舌点燃，所述点火火舌通过燃料在预燃室中的点燃而产生，其中，为了降低在预燃室供气与所述至少一个主燃烧室之间的压差，在预燃室供应管上设置有至少一个阀，所述阀借助开环或闭环控制装置根据表征由内燃机产生的功率的改变的参量而能得到开环或闭环控制，和/或借助所述阀，通过预燃室供应管而指向所述至少一个预燃室的预燃室燃料流能至少部分地引出到与所述至少一个预燃室分开的容积中。

Description

内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的内燃机以及一种具有权利要求10前序部分特征的方法。
背景技术
下面参照驱动发电机的固定式燃气发动机的示例来描述现有技术.该固定式燃气发动机一般有10至24个(在多数情况下为偶数个)气缸，它们各自用一个预燃室点燃。
在此当然希望内燃机的转数尽可能恒定，因为在与内燃机耦联的同步发电机的情况下，转数改变会转化为频率偏差.在DIN ISO 8528-5中规定了关于最大频率偏差具有哪些质量等级。
因此，当出现较大的负荷变化时便出现困难.那么采取不同的措施，以便防止内燃机转数改变。
例如，在所谓的单机运行时出现这种情况。
例如，若从发电机获得的功率突然急剧缩小(所谓的甩负荷，英文：loadrejection)，则必须防止内燃机的转数提高.这可以通过降低输送给内燃机的能量或者例如通过关闭节流阀来实现.这导致内燃机进气歧管(intake manifold)内压力相对快速的下降.
在猛烈甩负荷时，通过用于预燃室供气的压力调节不能足够迅速地跟上进气歧管(intake manifold)中的这样快速的压力下降。
不准确的预燃室燃气配量会导致不稳定的燃烧特性并且由此导致有缺陷的点火特性和爆燃。在预燃室供气系统中在此出现的在内燃机的预燃室系统与气缸进气歧管(intake manifold)之间不利的压差可能引起有缺陷的点火特性和爆燃。它由此使按照规定的安全标准难以维持。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种内燃机以及用于运行内燃机的方法，其 在甩负荷时能减小安全风险。
在内燃机方面，所述目的通过权利要求1的特征得以实现。在方法方面，所述目的通过权利要求10的特征得以实现。
这通过以下方式得以实现，即，为了减少在预燃室供气与至少一个主燃烧室(4)之间的压差，在预燃室供应管上设置有至少一个阀，所述阀借助开环或闭环控制装置根据一个表征由内燃机产生的功率的变化的参量而能开环或闭环控制，和/或借助所述阀，通过该预燃室供应管指向至少一个预燃室的预燃室燃料流至少部分地被引入与该至少一个预燃室分开的容积。
通过根据本发明的阀可以较快地调整预燃室供应中的压力相对内燃机主燃烧室供应中的压力的压力比，由此使得点火缺陷特性和爆燃变得很不可能。附加地获得甩负荷时内燃机的对转数的改进的调节。
优选可以向至少一个主燃烧室输送空气和燃料的混合物.可以向至少一个预燃室输送优选燃料，其中，混合物在至少一个预燃室中通过与来自所述至少一个主燃烧室的混合物混合才获得.但同样可以设想：也向至少一个预燃室输送燃料-空气混合物。
本发明优选可以应用在燃气发动机中。本发明优选可以应用在固定式内燃机中.按照本发明的内燃机优选可以有10至24个(在多数情况下是偶数个)气缸作为主燃烧室.
其它有利的实施例在从属权利要求中限定。
在此可以规定：与至少一个预燃室分开的容积是内燃机的进气歧管(intakemanifold).因为在这种实施方式中，在该预燃室供应中过剩的燃料可以直接输送给内燃机的进气歧管(intake manifold)，所以这能够实现特别快速地对压力比的平衡.但是作为将压力引出到进气歧管的替代或补充，同样可以设置有通入周围环境的开口。
内燃机中的将燃料-空气混合物输送向至少一个主燃烧室的部分称为进气歧管(intake manifold)。
在一种实施方式中，可以通过打开至少一个阀将预燃室燃料流引出到与该至少一个预燃室分开的容积中，在该实施方式中优选可以规定：所述至少一个阀是止回阀。为了在进气歧管(intake manifold)与预燃室 供应之间维持一定的压差，在此还可以应用弹簧加载的阀、尤其止回阀。
在这种实施方式中，所述阀还可以设计为受到开环或闭环控制的阀。
在第二实施方式中可以规定：通过预燃室供应管指向至少一个预燃室的预燃室燃料流可以通过至少部分地、优选完全关闭至少一个阀来限制或阻拦。
优选可以规定：至少一个阀借助开环或闭环装置根据负荷变化的值能得到开环或闭环控制.所述负荷变化的、尤其是甩负荷的值可以以不同方式提供给开环或闭环控制装置.如果内燃机与发电机连接，该发电机自己向一个或多个用电设备供电，那么甩负荷可以直接在该用电设备上得到确认并且通知开环或闭环控制装置。
但是因为一般这种类型的内燃机都配备有传感器以用于检测不同的测量值，所以还可以规定，开环或闭环控制装置自己计算负荷变化的、尤其是甩负荷的数值。
可以规定：在预燃室供应管中，优选在至少一个阀的背向至少一个预燃室的那侧设置有压力调节阀或压力控制阀。在此特别优选地规定：设置有进行比较的压力控制阀，该压力控制阀经由膜片和呼吸管而与内燃机的进气歧管(intake manifold)连接。
但同样可以设想，根据本发明的阀与压力调节阀或压力控制阀集成设计并且允许由开环或闭环控制装置进行开环或闭环控制。
附图说明
参照唯一的附图和与此相关的附图说明可以清楚看出本发明的其它优点和细节.
该图象征性地示出按照本发明的内燃机1。
具体实施方式
内燃机1具有气缸，其中设置有主燃烧室4.然而为了清晰起见只示出两个主燃烧室4.在这种实施方式中，其中每个主燃烧室4都通过预燃室2点燃。同样为了清晰起见，这只在其中一个主燃烧室4中画出.
按照本发明的内燃机1的在此描述的实施方式可以用来驱动发电机 以发电.为了清晰起见，这也没有画出.内燃机1一般可以与任意的负荷连接。
存在燃料源用以提供燃料F。由此出发存在第一分支，该第一分支基本上由预燃室供应管3构成并且用来向至少一个预燃室2供能。第二分支基本上由主混合物供应管15构成。在主混合物供应管15开始处设置有混合物预加工装置14，在其中由燃料F和空气A制成混合物.该混合物然后被输送向涡轮增压机的压缩机16。再往后，在主混合物供应管15中设置有混合物冷却器17以及节流阀19.主混合物供应管15通入进气歧管(intake manifold)7，由该进气歧管向主燃烧室4供给被压缩的、被冷却的燃料-空气混合物。
燃料储罐后面、在预燃室供应管3中设置有进行比较的压力控制阀8.该压力控制阀经由呼吸管9而与主混合物供应管15或进气歧管(intake manifold)7连接。压力控制阀8有弹簧加载的膜片，从而将预燃室供应管3中的压力控制在相对主混合物供应管15或者进气歧管(intake manifold)7具有限定的压差的压力上.相对用于气缸的供应对预燃室供气中的压力进行选择，至少在较大的负荷变化出现的时刻是如此.
在这个实施例中，压力控制阀8是纯机械性质的，因此在实践中在负荷迅速变化时、尤其是在甩负荷时，不能足够迅速地作出反应，并且在预燃室供应管3中将过高的压力维持一段时间。此外，在预燃室供应管3中设置有节流孔板12(英文：″gas orifice″，即使在液体燃料F的情况下，其在节流孔板12的位置上一般也是气态的).
下文中进一步描述阀6.1和6.2。
在节流孔板12后，预燃室供应管3分成不同的支路，以便可以操作每个单独的预燃室2。预燃室供应管3的这部分一般称作预燃室轨道或简称轨道(Rail).再次只完全画出其中一个支路，以便不损害该图的清晰性.
预燃室供应管3或轨道通过至少一个预燃室阀11而与至少一个预燃室2连接.在这种情况下，预燃室阀11构成为被动式止回阀.前面所述预燃室供应管3中的轻度超压限定地被节流孔板12压低，该轻度超压在气缸中压力相对较低的时刻使得阀11打开并且使得燃料F流入预燃室。
若在预燃室供应3中存在过高的压力，那么过多的燃料F流入至少一个预燃室2，由此导致开头所述的点火缺陷特性.
这通过阀6.1、6.2、在这种情况下截止阀来预防.要注意：图中所示的两个阀6.1和6.2显示出两种不同的实施方式，它们可以组合应用、但也可以单独应用。
阀6.1与开环或闭环控制装置5连接.这经由接口22传输特征值，这些特征值可以推断出由内燃机1产生的功率的改变.所述特征值例如可以是内燃机1上存在的传感器如增压传感器、气缸压力传感器和/或转数传感器的测量数据.开环或闭环控制装置5还可以经由接口22获得在可能存在的用电设备上存在的传感器以及参数.
若开环或闭环控制装置5确定甩负荷，那么阀6.1促使预燃室供应管3关断.
阀6.1保持长时间的关闭，直至在预燃室4中再次需要更多的燃气为止.作为标准可以使用的是：压差是否已再次摆回到期望的区域中.
在具体情况下，阀6.1可以根据功率急降的值，即根据内燃机1功率在甩负荷之前与之后的差得到控制.这个值由转数传感器(未示出)的信号获得，其中考虑下列公式：
这里ΔP表示甩负荷值，J表示惯性矩，w以及dw/dt是角速度或者由此得出的导数.
阀6.2构成为止回阀.为了把预燃室燃料流量的至少一部分引出到主混合物供应管15中并且由此引出到进气歧管(intake manifold)7中的目的，设置有附加的连接管，在该连接管中设置有阀6.2.为此目的，本专利文献将该连接管的预燃室供应侧的部分看作预燃室供应管的一部分.类似地，连接管的主燃烧室供应侧的部分看作主混合物供应管的一部分。
若在本发明的一中实施方式中，在这种类型的连接管中没有采用阀6.2，那么该连接管本身是不需要的。
例如构成为止回阀的阀6.2在这种情况下是弹簧加载的，以便不损害在运行中应该固定不变地存在的在预燃室供应管3与主混合物供应管15之间的压差.因此，阀6.2关断直到压差变得过大.阀6.2然后打开，并且进行压力补偿。
优选阀6.2作为止回阀的设计方案，这是因为由此防止用于气缸的混合物回流到预燃室供气管中。
代替在这个实施例中被动设计的预燃室供气，还可以使用主动的。
燃料-空气混合物在气缸中燃烧之后，所产生的废气在废气管20中聚集并且借助排气装置或类似物排出。在废气管20中设置有已经提到的涡轮增压机的涡轮21.涡轮21通过轴而与涡轮增压机的压缩机16连接。

Claims (10)

1.内燃机，具有：
至少一个预燃室(2)，所述预燃室与用于向预燃室(2)供应燃料(F)的预燃室供应管(3)连接，
至少一个主燃烧室(4)，其中，主燃烧室(4)中的燃料(F)能通过从所述至少一个预燃室(2)转入到所述至少一个主燃烧室(4)的点火火舌点燃，所述点火火舌通过燃料(F)在预燃室(2)中的点燃而产生，
其特征在于，为了降低在预燃室供气与所述至少一个主燃烧室(4)之间的压差，在预燃室供应管(3)上设置有至少一个阀(6.1，6.2)，
所述阀借助开环或闭环控制装置(5)根据表征由内燃机(1)产生的功率的改变的参量而能得到开环或闭环控制，和/或
借助所述阀，通过预燃室供应管(3)而指向所述至少一个预燃室(2)的预燃室燃料流能至少部分地引出到与所述至少一个预燃室(2)分开的容积中，
进行比较的压力控制阀(8)，其设置在预燃室供应管(3)中，所述压力控制阀经由呼吸管(9)而与主燃烧室供应管(15)或内燃机(1)的进气歧管(7)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，与所述至少一个预燃室(2)分开的容积是所述内燃机(1)的进气歧管(7)和/或所述主燃烧室供应管(15)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述至少一个阀(6.1，6.2)是止回阀。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，预燃室燃料流通过所述至少一个阀(6.1，6.2)至少部分地关断而能够被限制。
5.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，预燃室燃料流通过所述至少一个阀(6.1，6.2)完全地关断而能够被阻拦。
6.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述至少一个阀(6.1，6.2)借助开环或闭环控制装置(5)根据负荷变化值而能够得到开环或闭环控制。
7.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述压力控制阀(8)设置在所述至少一个阀(6.1，6.2)的背向所述至少一个预燃室(2)的那侧上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述至少一个预燃室(2)分别经由至少一个预燃室阀(11)而与预燃室供应管(3)连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述至少一个预燃室阀(11)是被动式止回阀。
10.用于运行内燃机的方法，其中，经由预燃室供应管(3)向至少一个预燃室(2)供应燃料(F)，而通过从所述至少一个预燃室(2)转入到至少一个主燃烧室(4)中的点火火舌点燃主燃烧室(4)中的燃料(F)，所述点火火舌通过预燃室(2)中的燃料(F)的点燃产生，其特征在于，为了减小在预燃室供气与所述至少一个主燃烧室(4)之间的压差，采用至少一个设置在预燃室供应管(3)上的阀(6.1,6.2)，
根据表征由内燃机(1)产生的功率的变化的参量来对所述阀进行开环或闭环控制，
和/或
借助所述阀将通过预燃室供应管(3)而指向所述至少一个预燃室(2)的预燃室燃料流至少部分地引出到与所述至少一个预燃室(2)分开的容积中，
设置进行比较的压力控制阀(8)，其位于预燃室供应管(3)中，所述压力控制阀经由呼吸管(9)而与主燃烧室供应管(15)或内燃机(1)的进气歧管(7)连接。
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