CN105774710B - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105774710B
CN105774710B CN201610021318.7A CN201610021318A CN105774710B CN 105774710 B CN105774710 B CN 105774710B CN 201610021318 A CN201610021318 A CN 201610021318A CN 105774710 B CN105774710 B CN 105774710B
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China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
self discharge
static eliminator
housing member
lid component
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CN201610021318.7A
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English (en)
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CN105774710A (zh
Inventor
棚桥敏雄
兼原洋治
山田浩史
大城裕太
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/06—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for removing electrostatic charges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62B—HAND-PROPELLED VEHICLES, e.g. HAND CARTS OR PERAMBULATORS; SLEDGES
    • B62B3/00—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor
    • B62B3/14—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor characterised by provisions for nesting or stacking, e.g. shopping trolleys
    • B62B3/16—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor characterised by provisions for nesting or stacking, e.g. shopping trolleys vertically stackable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L3/0084—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to control modules
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    • B62B3/002—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor characterised by a rectangular shape, involving sidewalls or racks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
    • H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
    • H05K7/1427—Housings
    • H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
    • H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
    • H05K7/1427—Housings
    • H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
    • H05K7/14322—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters wherein the control and power circuits of a power converter are arranged within the same casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0067—Devices for protecting against damage from electrostatic discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
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    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • H02P23/28—Controlling the motor by varying the switching frequency of switches connected to a DC supply and the motor phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02P31/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors not provided for in groups H02P1/00 - H02P5/00, H02P7/00 or H02P21/00 - H02P29/00
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Abstract

本发明提供一种车辆，所述车辆可以将连接到驱动电机上的电力装置的静电中和除静电。在配备有具有逆变器和变换器中的至少一方的电力控制装置、通过从所述电力控制装置被供应电力而输出行驶用的转矩的驱动电机、和对路面保持绝缘状态的车身的车辆中，配备有：壳体本体部(25)，所述壳体本体部(25)容纳所述电力控制装置；壳体构件(26)，所述壳体构件(26)绝缘地连接到所述壳体本体部(25)；自放电式除静电器(28)，所述自放电式除静电器(28)通过进行根据在所述壳体构件(26)所带的正的电位使外部气体产生负的空气离子的自放电，对所述壳体构件的正的电位进行中和除静电，使电位降低。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及配备有向驱动电机供应电力的电力控制装置或电源的车辆。
背景技术
在专利文献1中，记载了向搭载在车辆上的辅助设备类供应电力的蓄电池。该蓄电池的盖由树脂材料构成，在该盖上粘贴有使接触蓄电池的人所带的静电流到车身上用的静电感应构件。这种静电感应构件被粘贴到即使主要因为静电而产生火花也不会将滞留在蓄电池内部的气体或者从蓄电池排出的气体点燃的位置。
另外，在专利文献2中，记载了配备有绝缘选通双极晶体管(IGBT)等功率元件的电源模块。这种电源模块，在搬运时，利用弹性力将栅极和源极中的一个极推压到另一个极上，以便栅极和源极持续地接触。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2010－177128号公报
专利文献2：日本特开平1－268160号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
不过，向驱动电机供应电力的电源装置，在有的情况下，会伴随着动作而产生静电。另一方面，车轮通常由橡胶等绝缘体构成。从而，在电源装置上带有静电。由于所带的静电的影响，存在着从电源装置输出的电力的控制性会降低或者恶化的可能性。
本发明是着眼于上述技术课题而做出的，其目的是提供一种能够将连接到驱动电机上的电力装置的静电中和并除去静电的车辆。
解决课题的手段
为了达到上述目的，本发明的车辆配备有：电力控制装置，所述电力控制装置具有逆变器和变换器中的至少一种；驱动电机，所述驱动电机通过从所述电力控制装置被供应电力而输出转矩；以及车身，所述车身相对于路面保持绝缘状态，其特征在于，所述车辆配备有：壳体本体部，所述壳体本体部容纳所述电力控制装置；壳体构件，所述壳体构件以绝缘或者电阻大的状态连接于所述壳体本体部；以及自放电式除静电器，所述自放电式除静电器通过根据在所述壳体构件上所带的正电位而在外部大气中生成负的空气离子的自放电，对所述壳体构件的正电位进行中和除静电，而使该正电位降低。
在本发明中，所述壳体构件是关闭所述壳体本体部的盖构件，所述自放电式除静电器安装于所述盖构件的外表面。
在本发明中，所述壳体构件可以利用树脂材料构成。
在本发明中，所述自放电式除静电器也可以安装在所述壳体构件的外表面上的与所述壳体构件的内部气体之中对流多的部分相对应的部位。
在本发明中，所述自放电式除静电器也可以安装于所述壳体构件的中央部。
另外，本发明的车辆配备有驱动电机的电源和相对于路面保持绝缘状态的车身，其特征在于，所述车辆配备有：固定框架，所述电源载置于所述固定框架，并且所述固定框架连接于所述车身；盖构件，所述盖构件包围所述电源并且连接于所述固定框架；自放电式除静电器，所述自放电式除静电器通过根据所述固定框架与所述车身的连接部和所述固定框架与所述盖构件的连接部中的至少一方的部分上所带的正电位而在外部大气中生成负的空气离子的自放电，对所述一方的部分上的正电位进行中和除静电，而使该正电位降低。
在本发明中，可以构成为使空气在所述盖构件的内表面与所述电源之间流动。
在本发明中，所述自放电式除静电器也可以包括由具有导电性的材料构成的片。
发明的效果
根据本发明，逆变器或变换器被容纳在壳体本体部，在绝缘地连接到该壳体本体部的壳体构件上，配备有根据该壳体构件的正的电位使外部大气产生负的空气离子的自放电式除静电器。由于通过利用该自放电式除静电器使壳体构件的正的电位降低，从而使壳体构件与壳体本体部的内部气体的电位差增大，所以，从壳体本体部的内部气体向壳体构件传递静电。随后，通过内部气体与逆变器或变换器的电位差增大，从逆变器或变换器向内部气体传递静电。即，起动逆变器或变换器而产生的正的静电经由壳体本体部的内部气体被传递给壳体构件之后，被自放电式除静电器中和除静电。因此，由于可以抑制在逆变器或变换器上带静电，所以，可以抑制静电对逆变器或变换器的控制性等的影响。其结果是，可以抑制驱动电机的输出转矩的变动等车辆的行驶性能的降低。
另外，通过对壳体构件的静电进行除静电，可以除掉在壳体本体部上带的很多静电。因此，被容纳在壳体本体部中的逆变器或变换器的静电可以经由与壳体本体部接触的接触部而除静电。其结果是，除了经由壳体本体部的内部气体对逆变器或变换器的静电进行除静电的效果之外，还可以通过经由与壳体本体部接触的接触部对逆变器或变换器的静电除进行静电，而进一步抑制车辆行驶性能降低。
进而，根据本发明，配备有载置驱动电机的电源的固定框架和连接到该固定框架上的盖构件，在固定框架与车身的连接部、或者固定框架与盖构件的连接部设置有自放电式除静电器，所述自放电式除静电器通过根据在该部分所带的正电位而产生负的空气离子的自放电，对该部分的正电位中和除静电而使电位降低。由于通过借助该自放电式除静电器使上述任一连接部的电位降低，盖构件与其内部气体的电位差增大，因此，从内部气体向盖构件传递静电。随后，通过内部气体与电源的电位差增大，将静电从电源传递给内部气体。即，起动电源而产生的正的静电经由盖构件的内部气体被传递给盖构件，被设置在盖构件与固定框架的连接部或固定框架与车身的连接部处的自放电式除静电器中和除静电。因此，由于可以抑制在电源上带静电，因此，可以抑制静电对从电源输出的电力等的影响。其结果是，可以抑制驱动电机的输出转矩的变动等车辆的行驶性能降低。
附图说明
图1是用于说明在本发明中的容纳逆变器及变换器的壳体上粘贴片的结构的图。
图2是用于说明在本发明中的容纳逆变器及变换器的另外的壳体上粘贴片的结构的图。
图3是表示在车辆上搭载HV(混合动力车辆)电池组的例子的图。
图4是用于说明将片粘贴到该HV电池组上的结构的图。
图5是用于说明将片粘贴到另外的HV电池组上的结构的图。
图6是用于说明向驱动电机供应电力的结构的电路图。
具体实施方式
可以在本发明中作为对象的车辆，是以发动机和电机作为驱动力源的混合动力车辆、或只以电机作为驱动力源的电动汽车等配备有驱动电机(下面，简单地称之为电机)的车辆。该电机的一个例子是构成为根据通电的电流的大小或其频率来控制输出转矩或转速的三相同步电机，在借助外力强制性地使之旋转的情况下可以进行发电。另外，车轮由橡胶等绝缘体(或者电导率小的材料)构成，车身和路面被保持在绝缘状态。
在图6中，表示向电机供应电力的电路的一个例子。在图6所示的例子中，蓄电池2和电容器3并列地设置，这些蓄电池2和电容器3作为电源E来起作用。在该电源E上连接有可以使电源E的输出电压增大的变换器C。该变换器C由用于抑制电流变动的电抗器4和两个开关5、6构成，电抗器4的一端连接于电源E的正极。电抗器4的另一端连接于串联地连接起来的两个开关5、6的中间点。这些开关5、6由绝缘选通双极晶体管(下面，称之为IGBT)7、8和将这些IGBT7、8的电流的流动确定于其中的一个中的二极管9、10构成。各个IGBT7、8是被PWM(脉冲宽度调制)控制的，通过加大图6中的上侧的IGBT7的通态占空比，使变换器C的输出侧的电压(下面，称之为逆变器输入电压)降低，通过加大图6中的下侧的IGBT8的通态占空比，使逆变器输入电压增大。
逆变器I被连接于该变换器C的输出侧。该逆变器I将从电源E输出的直流电流变换成交流电流，或者，将电机1发出的交流电流变换成直流电流，由三个并联电路构成。所述各个电路同样地构成，分别由两个IGBT11、12、13、14、15、16和二极管17、18、19、20、21、22构成，其输出电流连接于电机1的U相、V相、W相。从而，通过协调控制各个IGBT11、12、13、14、15、16的通态占空比，使向各个相通电的电流的频率变化，控制电机1的转速。另外，电子控制装置(下面称之为ECU)23连接于上述各个IGBT7、8、11、12、13、14、15、16，根据利用图中未示出的各个传感器检测出的信号，控制IGBT7、8、11、12、13、14、15、16。
在图1中，表示容纳上述逆变器I及变换器C的壳体24的一个例子。该壳体24由上方开口的第一本体部25和关闭该第一本体部25的开口部的第一盖部26构成，逆变器I及变换器C被螺栓等连接于第一本体部25，该第一本体部25被螺栓等固定于图中未示出的车身上。这些第一本体部25和第一盖部26由金属材料构成。另外，第一本体部25和第一盖部26隔着橡胶垫圈等密封构件27被图中未示出的螺栓连接起来。从而，第一盖部26和第一本体部25及车身变成电绝缘状态或者电阻大的状态，另外，壳体24的内部变成大致密封的状态。另外，上述第一盖部26相当于在实施本发明的情况下的“壳体构件”。
如上所述构成的逆变器I及变换器C(下面，将它们一并称为电力控制装置S)，在有的情况下，通过起动而产生正(+)静电。该静电被认为是控制IGBT7、8、11、12、13、14、15、16时通过反复实施通电和不通电而引起的电的作用等为主要原因而产生的。当这样产生静电并且带有该静电时，在有的情况下，从进行加速踏板操作之后直到驱动力变化为止的响应、或者电机1的输出转矩、或者从进行制动操作之后直到由电机1产生的制动力增大为止的响应等降低等，即，行驶性能降低。这被认为是由于静电对电力控制装置S的控制性、输出电力影响而造成的。
因此，为了对电力控制装置S的正(+)的静电进行除静电，在壳体24上安装有自放电式除静电器28，所述自放电式除静电器28通过产生电晕放电而使外部大气产生负的离子，对正(+)的静电进行中和除去静电。电晕放电是通过电位变高而产生的，因此，优选地，将自放电式除静电器28安装到保持绝缘状态而电位比较高的部位。从而，在图1所示的例子中，将自放电式除静电器28安装于第一盖部26的中央部的外表面，所述第一盖部26以绝缘状态或者电阻大的状态连接于成为地线的车身上，所带的静电的电位变高。另外，在图1中，利用“●”举例表示安装自放电式除静电器28的位置。
这里所示的自放电式除静电器28可以利用金、银、铜、铝等电导率高的材料的片构成，根据该片的电位进行电晕放电。由于电晕放电，如过去已知的那样，是从锐利或者尖的部位产生的，因此，片优选为由锐利的棱边形成多角形的形状。另外，优选地，作为其外周面的切断面形成为锯齿状的切断面。进而，优选地，在片的表面通过滚花加工等形成锐利或者尖的凹凸。另外，在下面的说明中，将自放电式除静电器28称为片28。
另外，本发明中的自放电式除静电器不限于上述的片28，例如，也可以是将电导率高的涂料或涂层涂敷到第一盖部26上而形成。或者，也可以由聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩等导电性高分子、导电性塑料等构成。
这里，对于对第一盖部26上所带的正(+)的静电进行自放电、即该进行中和除静电而产生的作用进行说明。如上所述，当电力控制装置S起动而产生静电时，该静电的一部分经由壳体24的内部气体被传递给第一本体部25及第一盖部26。另一方面，静电的另外的一部分使壳体24的内部气体、、电力控制装置S带电。另外，被传递给第一本体部25的静电通过流向车身而被保持在低电位。另一方面，如上所述，由于第一盖部26相对于第一本体部25及车身变成绝缘状态，所以，被传递给第一盖部26的静电使第一盖部26带电。这样，当在第一盖部26上带正(+)的静电电时，根据其电位，在片28上产生电晕放电，与此相伴，片28及其附近的部分的正(+)的电位降低。具体地说，通过电晕放电，在外部气体中生成负的离子，利用该负的离子使正(+)的静电被中和除静电。即，使第一盖部26上带的正(+)的电位降低。另外，由片28使电位降低的范围是以片28为中心、直径约为150mm～200mm的范围。
这样，当第一盖部26的电位降低时，通过第一盖部26与壳体24的内部气体的电位差增大，从该内部气体向第一盖部26传递静电，内部气体的正(+)的电位降低。另外，当电力控制装置S起动时，由于因电阻等而使得该电力控制装置S发热，因此，可以认为壳体24的内部气体变成比较高的温度，其结果是，壳体24的内部气体对流。从而，如上所述，与第一盖部26接触的内部气体被除静电，之后，带电的新的内部气体在第一盖部26的内表面上流动而被除静电。因此，壳体24的内部气体全体的电位降低。
这样，通过内部气体的正(+)的电位降低，内部气体与电力控制装置S的电位差增大，从电力控制装置S向内部气体传递静电，该电力控制装置S的正(+)的电位降低。即，电力控制装置S的静电被除电。
另外，如上所述，由于车身与路面变成绝缘状态，所以，车身及第一本体部25的正(+)的电位会增加很多。另外，由于第一本体部25与第一盖部26被螺栓连接起来，所以，第一本体部25和第一盖部26较多地通电。因此，如上所述，当第一盖部26的电位降低时，第一盖部26和第一本体部25的电位差增大，第一本体部25的正(+)的静电被传递给第一盖部26。即，第一本体部25的正(+)的电位降低。这样，通过第一本体部25的电位降低，连接到第一本体部25上的电力控制装置S的正(+)的静电被传递给第一本体部25，电力控制装置S的正(+)的电位降低。即，电力控制装置S的静电被除静电。
如上所述，通过将片28粘贴到第一盖部26，可以经由壳体24的内部气体对电力控制装置S的正(+)的静电进行除静电。因此，可以抑制静电对电力控制装置S的控制性等的影响。其结果是，可以抑制车辆的行驶性能降低。特别是，由于通过将片28粘贴到第一盖部26的中央部分，可以对壳体24的内部气体中的更多的对流部分的静电进行除静电，因此，可以产生更大的效果。另外，通过将第一盖部26除静电，可以经由螺栓使第一本体部25的电位降低，其结果是，可以一并对连接到第一本体部25上的电力控制装置S的正(+)的静电也进行除静电。因此，和上述效果一样，可以抑制车辆的行驶性能降低。
图2是用于说明容纳电力控制装置S的壳体的其它结构的图。这里所示的壳体29，由与图1同样地形成的第二本体部30、关闭该第二本体部30的开口部中的一部分的用金属材料形成的第二盖部31、关闭第二本体部30的开口部中的另外的部分的用树脂材料形成的第三盖部32构成。另外，第二盖部31与图1一样，经由图中未示出的密封件连接于第二本体部30。另外，在第二本体部30上形成有连接部33，所述连接部33由用于安装被连接到电源E或电机1等上的配线的树脂材料形成。进而，以覆盖各个盖部31、32的上表面的方式设置由树脂材料形成的第一盖构件34，在该第一盖构件34的背面安装有用于吸收振动等的发泡橡胶35。
在这样构成的壳体29中，除了与图1中第一盖部26同样地连接到第二本体部30上的第二盖部31之外，在第三盖部32、连接部33以及第一该构件34上也容易带静电，并且，相对于第二本体部30也变成绝缘状态。从而，所述各个部分31、32、33、34的电位变高。另外，第二盖部31、第三盖部32、连接部33以及第一盖构件34相当于在实施本发明的情况下的“壳体构件”。因此，例如，在图2中标有“●”的位置粘贴片28，通过对第二盖部31、第三盖部32、连接部33以及第一盖构件34的静电进行中和除静电，与图1所示的例子一样，可以对电力控制装置S的静电进行除静电，可以抑制车辆的行驶性能降低。
接着，对于对蓄电池2及电容器3(下面，将它们一并称为电源E)的静电进行除静电的结构进行说明。图3表示在车辆36上搭载了将电源E单元化的HV蓄电池单元U的状态。该车辆36在后部座位37的下方侧设置有HV蓄电池单元U，从后部座位37的脚下的前方侧引入冷却HV蓄电池单元U的空气，在该空气流动于后面描述的壳体的内部之后，从位于车辆36的后方侧的排出口38将空气排出。这样，将使空气强制性地流动用的冷却鼓风机39安装到HV蓄电池单元U上。
图4是说明该HV蓄电池单元U的结构用的图。分别覆盖长方体的壳体的多个蓄电池模块40串联连接设置于该HV蓄电池单元U。该HV蓄电池单元U、上述冷却鼓风机39安装于固定在图中未示出的车身上的第一框架41上。在该第一框架41上形成有多个凸缘42，该凸缘42被螺栓等固定到车身上。
另外，槽状的第二盖构件43连接到第一板41上，以便包围HV蓄电池单元U，从冷却鼓风机39将空气送入该第二盖构件43的内侧和HV蓄电池单元U之间，冷却HV蓄电池单元U。
这样构成的HV蓄电池单元U，由于输出电力或者对从电机1供应的电力进行充电而引起的电的作用等，在有的情况下会产生静电。另外，在有的情况下，由于驱动冷却鼓风机39所产生的摩擦等而会产生静电。该静电的一部分经由第二盖构件43的内部气体被传递给第二盖构件43。传递给第二盖构件43的静电经由第一板41传递给成为地线的车身。另一方面，由于第二盖构件43与第一板41的连接部或第一板41与车身的连接部的截面面积小、电阻大，所以，即使一部分静电从第二盖构件43经由第一板41流向车身，也存在着另外的静电使第二盖构件43或第一板41带电的可能性。这样，当在第二盖构件43或第一板41上带静电时，与HV蓄电池单元U的电位差变小，存在着不从HV蓄电池单元U放出静电而会带电的可能性。其结果是，当在HV蓄电池单元U上带静电时，在有的情况下，在进行变速器操作之后直到驱动力变化为止的响应或者电机1的输出转矩，或者从进行制动操作之后直到由电机1产生的制动力增大为止的响应等降低，即，行驶性能降低。这可以认为是由于静电对HV蓄电池单元U的输出电压或输入电压等产生影响的缘故。从而，在将第二盖构件43与第一板41连接起来的部分以及将第一板与车身连接起来的部分，粘贴成为自放电式除静电器的片28。另外，在图中，用“●”举例表示了粘贴片28的位置。
这里，对于使HV蓄电池单元U所带的正(+)的静电进行自放电、即进行中和除静电的作用进行说明。如上所述，当HV蓄电池单元U或冷却鼓风机39驱动而产生静电时，一部分静电经由在第二盖构件43的内部流动的空气传递给第二盖构件43，从该第二盖构件43经由第一板41传递给车身。另一方面，如上所述，当第二盖构件43、第一板41上所带的静电的电位增大而从片28产生电晕放电时，在第二盖构件43的外侧的空气(外部气体)中产生负的离子，正(+)的静电被该负的离子中和除静电。即，使在第二盖构件43及第一板41上带的正(+)的电位降低。
这样，当第一板41的电位降低时，根据第二盖构件43与第一板41的电位差，将静电从第二盖构件43传递给第一板41。另外，当第二盖构件43的电位降低时，通过产生第二盖构件43与第二盖构件43的内部气体的电位差，从该内部气体向第二盖构件43传递静电，内部气体的正(+)的电位降低。如上所述，由于第二盖构件43的内部气体利用冷却鼓风机39强制性地流动，所以，与第二盖构件43接触的内部气体被除静电，之后，在气流的流动方向上的上游侧，带电的内部气体在第二盖构件43的内表面流动而被除静电。因此，第二盖构件43的内部气体的电位降低。
这样，通过空气的正(+)的电位降低，产生内部气体与HV蓄电池单元U的电位差，静电从HV蓄电池单元U被传递到内部气体，该HV蓄电池单元U的正(+)的电位降低。即，HV蓄电池单元U的静电被除静电。
这样，通过在第二盖构件43及第一板41上粘贴片28，可以经由第二盖构件43的内部气体将HV蓄电池单元U的正(+)的静电除静电。因此，可以抑制静电对HV蓄电池单元U的控制性等的影响。其结果是，可以抑制车辆的行驶性能降低。另外，通过在第一板41与车身的连接部安装片28，可以抑制由HV蓄电池单元U产生的静电被传递给车身。如上所述，由于车轮由橡胶等构成，路面与车身被绝缘，所以，通过抑制静电被传递给车身，车身的电位增大，可以抑制地线的电位变化。
图5表示用于说明在轿车式车辆等中的行李室内设置的HV蓄电池单元U的结构的图。这里所示的HV蓄电池单元U安装于与图4同样地形成的第二板44上，第三盖构件45连接到第二板44上，以便包围盖HV蓄电池单元U。另外，冷却鼓风机46安装于第三盖构件45的上表面。并且，在第三盖构件45与第二板44的连接部以及第二板44与车身的连接部处粘贴片28。
由于这样构成的HV蓄电池单元U也与图4所示的例子一样，将片28安装于第三盖构件45与第二板44的连接部以及第二板44与车身的连接部，所以，可以起到与图4所示的例子同样的效果。
附图标记说明
1···电机，2···蓄电池，3···电容器，24···壳体，25、30···本体部，26、31、32···盖部，28···片(自放电式除静电器)，33···连接部，34、43、45···盖构件，36···车辆，40···蓄电池模块，41、44···板，C···变换器，E··电源，I···逆变器，S···电力控制装置，U···HV蓄电池单元。

Claims (9)

1.一种车辆，配备有：电力控制装置，所述电力控制装置具有逆变器和变换器中的至少一种；驱动电机，所述驱动电机通过从所述电力控制装置被供应电力而输出转矩；以及车身，所述车身相对于路面保持绝缘状态，其特征在于，所述车辆配备有：壳体本体部，所述壳体本体部容纳所述电力控制装置；壳体构件，所述壳体构件以绝缘或者电阻大的状态连接于所述壳体本体部；以及自放电式除静电器，所述自放电式除静电器通过根据在所述壳体构件上所带的正电位而在外部大气中生成负的空气离子的自放电，对所述壳体构件的正电位进行中和除静电，而使该正电位降低，所述壳体构件是关闭所述壳体本体部以便通过所述电力控制装置动作而使所述壳体本体部的内部气体对流的盖构件，所述自放电式除静电器安装于所述盖构件的外表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述壳体构件由树脂材料构成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述自放电式除静电器被安装于所述壳体构件的外表面上的与所述壳体构件的内部气体之中对流更多的部分相对应的部位。
4.如权利要求3所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述自放电式除静电器安装于所述壳体构件的中央部。
5.如权利要求4所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述自放电式除静电器包括由具有导电性的材料构成的片。
6.如权利要求4所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述自放电式除静电器由具有导电性的材料的片构成。
7.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，空气在所述盖构件的内表面与连接于所述电力控制装置的电源之间流动。
8.一种车辆，配备有驱动电机的电源和相对于路面保持绝缘状态的车身，其特征在于，所述车辆配备有：固定框架，所述电源载置于所述固定框架，并且所述固定框架连接于所述车身；盖构件，所述盖构件包围所述电源以便通过连接于所述电源的电力控制装置动作而使收容所述电力控制装置的壳体本体部的内部气体对流，并且连接于所述固定框架；自放电式除静电器，所述自放电式除静电器通过根据所述固定框架与所述车身的连接部和所述固定框架与所述盖构件的连接部中的至少一方的部分上所带的正电位而在外部大气中生成负的空气离子的自放电，对所述一方的部分上的正电位进行中和除静电，而使该正电位降低，所述自放电式除静电器安装于所述盖构件的外表面。
9.如权利要求8所述的车辆，其特征在于，空气在所述盖构件的内表面与所述电源之间流动。
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