CN1057326C - 聚合物增稠的导电性润滑脂组合物 - Google Patents
聚合物增稠的导电性润滑脂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1057326C CN1057326C CN97103075A CN97103075A CN1057326C CN 1057326 C CN1057326 C CN 1057326C CN 97103075 A CN97103075 A CN 97103075A CN 97103075 A CN97103075 A CN 97103075A CN 1057326 C CN1057326 C CN 1057326C
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- Prior art keywords
- electroconductibility
- grease
- grease composition
- lubricating grease
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种导电性润滑脂组合物,包括:1)一种基础润滑油;2)一种聚合物增稠剂;3)一种导电性组分;和4)公知的用于润滑脂组合物的其他添加剂;其特征在于所述的聚合物增稠剂包括(1)平均分子量为大于200,000的丙烯(共聚-或均聚-)聚合物和(2)平均分子量为小于100,000的丙烯(共聚-或均聚-)聚合物的混合物。本发明还涉及该组合物的制备方法和用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种导电性润滑剂。本发明特别涉及一种含有一种聚合物增稠剂的导电性润滑脂。
在过去的几年里,人们对导电性润滑脂,特别是对用于汽车的润滑脂的兴趣大大增加。此类导电性润滑脂能够防止运行中的轴承的静电荷的积累,使轴承接地,并能够在轴承中或通过轴承,特别是在轴承的不同部分或表面之间导电。
尽管有金属皂存在,但仍然将常规的金属皂增稠的润滑脂归类为绝缘体。这可能归结于在使用过程中在轴承表面形成的油膜的高电阻(大于10欧姆米)。
现有技术中有一些已知的导电性润滑剂。一个例子是以商品名Orapi GRN在市场上销售的润滑剂,其包括石墨在基础润滑油中的石墨分散液。该润滑剂以及类似的导电性润滑剂不含增稠剂组分。由于这一原因,与常规的非导电性润滑脂相比较,它们的润滑性质不合适或者甚至可以说是相当差。特别是,已知的导电性润滑脂的机械性能不稳定并对高转速有限制,因此它们不能(可靠地)使用,例如在汽车的应用场合。
因此,本发明的第一个目的是提供一种改进的导电性润滑组合物,特别是润滑性能比常规的导电性润滑剂好和/或导电性与已知的那些导电性润滑剂相当或者甚至更好的导电性润滑组合物。
作为研究的一部分,本发明的发明人研究了几种导电性润滑剂(包括已知的石墨-油润滑剂)的导电性质,在该研究中,既进行了“静态”导电性试验(该试验中,将两个电极插入到润滑剂中并测定润滑剂的电阻/电阻率),又进行了实际的轴承运行试验,其中测定了在轴承的部件之间和/或轴承的表面之间电荷流动的阻力。
在进行如此的测定时,发明人很惊奇地发现,在静态条件下测得的润滑剂导电性不能可靠地用于预测轴承,特别是在实际运行过程中的轴承的导电性。特别是,发明人发现,尽管已知的导电性润滑剂在静态试验中具有合适的导电性,但在实际的轴承中,特别是在高速运行的轴承中的导电性是不合适的。
因此本发明的一个进一步的目的是提供在运行过程中的轴承中具有良好的导电性质的导电性润滑组合物。
现有技术中有一些已知的聚合物增稠的润滑脂。
例如,USA3 850828描述了一种润滑脂组合物,它用聚合物混合物来增稠,该聚合物混合物包括:(1)一种聚乙烯,其分子量为20000-50000,优选为50000-250000,其密度优选大于0.94gm/cc,(2)一种无规聚丙烯,其分子量优选低于100000,熔体流动指数为1∶1至10∶1,优选为2∶1至5∶1。
美国专利USP2917458描述了一种润滑脂组合物,包括分子量为300-1000,特性粘度最高达0.4的油溶性无定形聚丙烯,2-5%(重量)分子量为100,000至1,000,000、熔点为250至410°F的等规聚丙烯,和5-35%(重量)的皂类增稠剂。
美国专利USP3290244描述了一种润滑脂组合物,包括一种矿物润滑油、一种增稠剂和一种油溶性丙烯无规均聚物(分子量在10,000至50,0000的范围内),或一种油溶性乙烯丙烯无规共聚物(特性粘度在0.3至0.4的范围内)。
常用的增稠剂如脂肪酸金属皂,无机增稠剂如胶体、二氧化硅和膨润土等都可作为增稠剂使用,其用量在5%至40%。
美国专利USP3,392,119描述了一种润滑脂,它包括由乙烯共聚物和丙烯均聚物增稠的矿物白油,所述的乙烯共聚物的密度25℃时至少为0.48/cm3,聚丙烯的密度25℃时在0.890至9.208/cm3之间,二者的重量比在10∶1至1∶10之间,优选为3∶1至1∶2。
未公开的专利申请EP 95202464.4和其优先权申请EP 942022323.5(两专利申请都在本文引为参考)描述了润滑脂组合物用的聚合物型增稠剂,它包含以下的混合物:
1)作为高分子量组份的丙烯(共聚-或均聚-)聚合物,其平均分子量大于200,000;
2)作为低分子量组份的丙烯(共聚-或均聚-)聚合物,其平均分子量小于100,000。
低分子量组份优选为丙烯均聚物,其平均分子量在50,000-100,000之间,熔体流动指数(ASTM D-1238)为500-1000,优选为750-850。
高分子量组份优选为丙烯均聚物或丙烯/乙烯共聚物,其平均分子量在200,000-250,000之间,熔体流动指数(ASTM D-1238)为1.5-15,优选为1.5-7。
聚合物增稠剂中高分子量组份和低分子量组份之间的重量比例优选为1∶40-1∶5,更优选为1∶25-1∶15,特别优选为1∶19。
EP 95202464.4也描述了一种润滑脂组合物,其包括基础润滑油和所说的聚合物增稠剂以及制备这种润滑脂组合物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)制备上述的增稠剂组合物;
b)在所述聚合物的熔点以上的温度,优选为190-210℃下将增稠剂和基础润滑油混合;
c)将得到的润滑脂组合物从混合温度冷却到室温,冷却时间为1秒至3分钟,优选为10秒至1分钟,特别优选为30秒。
这种快速冷却润滑脂组合物的制备方法被称之为“急冷”。
据说,按照EP 95202464.4,尤其是用这称“急冷”法制备的润滑脂组合物,其低温下的油离析特性,噪音特性,以及机械稳定性都得到改善。
但是,上述的聚合物增稠的润滑脂中没有一种说是导电性的。此外,也没有描述或建议将其用于防止静电荷的积累和/或电火花的形成,或是将其用于电动马达。
已知有一些含有聚合物组分的导电性润滑脂。
例如,德温特文摘94-322436(NIN公司)描述了皂增稠的润滑脂或非皂多醇酯型润滑脂,其中加入(1)95-1%(重量)的一或多种超高分子量聚烯烃和(2)导电性粉末组分,该组分选自乙炔黑、碳黑、金属颗粒和/或氧化硫、但是,按照该摘要,所述的聚合组分是加在常规的润滑脂中,其并不必须是涉及聚合物增稠的润滑脂组合物。
德温特文摘79-38210B(三菱电器公司)描述了含有已知线性聚烯烃、金属活化剂和用饱和脂肪酸及其银皂涂覆的鳞片状银粉末。但是从该摘要中,并不清楚所述的聚烯烃是加入到常规的润滑脂组合物中(即含有常规的造增稠剂),或其是否是(仅仅)作为增稠剂组分。
化学文摘1973,No.86955k(三菱电器公司)描述了含有用饱和脂肪酸或银皂涂覆的银颗粒、金属钝化剂以及纤维状聚烯烃的润滑脂。该摘要所披露的润滑脂看起来非常类似于上述的德温特文摘79-38210B所披露的润滑脂;特别是,聚合物组分加入到常规的润滑脂组合物中,而聚合物的使用量(0.5-10%(重量))并不能起到增稠剂的作用。
化学文摘1973,No.86956m(三菱电器公司)描述了已一种与前述的文摘1973,No.86955k类似的导电性润滑脂,其含有用碳黑而不是用涂覆的银颗粒作为导电性组分的导电性润滑脂。特别是,聚合物组分也是加入到常规的润滑脂组合物中,而聚合物的使用量(0.5-10%(重量))并不能起到增稠剂的作用。
进一步地,上述的文摘中没有一篇披露或建议含有上述的欧洲专利申请95202464.4中的特殊的聚合物增稠剂的导电性润滑脂组合物。
现在发现,用欧洲专利申请95202464.4中的特殊的聚合物增稠剂增稠的润滑脂与金属皂增稠的润滑脂以及与已知的导电性润滑剂例如Orapi GRN相比较具有改进的导电性和/或减小的电阻。
因此本发明的第一个方面涉及用欧洲专利申请95202464.4中的聚合物增稠剂来制备导电性润滑脂组合物,特别是用于轴承的导电性润滑脂。
当使用这种聚合物增稠剂时,除了在用于轴承时具有改进的导电性外,该润滑脂也具有在欧洲专利申请95202464.4中所描述的优异的润滑性质,即,在低温下优异的油离析特性,优异的机械稳定性和低噪音特性,特别是与上述的含有聚合物的导电性润滑剂相比较时,更是如此。
进一步地,对于高温应用场合,或是传导电荷可导致润滑脂升温时,该聚合物增稠剂可进一步含有一高熔点的聚合物/增稠剂,如申请人的仍悬而未决的荷兰专利申请1002586中所述,该申请的申请日与本申请的申请日相同,在此也将其引用作为参考文献。
按照本发明,聚合物增稠剂用作润滑脂组合物中的增稠剂,其进一步含有至少一种基础润滑油和至少一种能导电和/或使润滑脂具有导电性和/或使润滑脂的电阻降低的物质。在此应用场合,与其他同类的润滑脂中使用的常规皂增稠剂相比较,该聚合物增稠剂的使用将使润滑脂的导电性增加和/或使电阻降低。
该聚合物增稠剂也可以用作/加入到常规的导电性润滑剂中以至少改善润滑性能,并优选是也能改善其导电性质。
本发明的再一个方面涉及一种导电性润滑剂,包括:
1)一种基础润滑油,
2)一种聚合物增稠剂,
3)一种导电性组分,和
4)公知的用于润滑脂组合物的其他添加剂,其特征在于所述的聚合物增稠剂包括(1)平均分子量为大于200,000的丙烯的(共聚-或均聚-)聚合物和(2)平均分子量为小于100,000的丙烯的(共聚-或均聚-)聚合物的混合物。
本发明的导电性润滑脂组合物的电阻(用以下所述的标准轴承(6205)在速度指数为NDM 100,000和室温下测得)优选是小于100欧姆,更优选是小于1欧姆。
导电性组分3可以是任何能够使润滑脂具有导电性和/或降低润滑脂的电阻而不损害(或不会损害太多)润滑脂的润滑性能的物质。在室温和/或润滑脂的操作温度下,其可以是,例如液体或固体;其既可以溶于润滑油中,也可以溶于增稠剂中,或者是其可以在润滑脂结构中形成一个单独的相,例如在为固体颗粒的情况下。导电性组分3也可以沉积在轴承的表面。
导电性组分3优选是包括至少一种、更优选是至少两种从下述的一组中选出的导电性物质:
3a)(至少一种)含金属的添加剂;
3b)(至少一种)抗静电剂;和/或
3c)(至少一种)导电性固体。
特别优选的是,导电性组分3为所有上述三种组分3a,3b,3c的组合。
作为基础润滑油,可以使用任何已知的润滑油,例如不同粘度的矿物油、合成烃油、酯油及其混合物。基础油的种类和粘度可以根据特定的应用场合而选择。
作为聚合物增稠剂,可以使用上述未公开的欧洲专利申请952024644中使用的增稠剂,该申请在此被引用作为参考文献;欧洲专利申请952024644中增稠剂的优选实施方案也用作本发明的增稠剂的优选实施方案。
作为含金属的添加剂3a,优选使用有机金属化合物和/或铋添加剂,更优选是使用有机铋化合物,例如本领域已知的含铋润滑脂添加剂。此外,本领域公知的其他含金属的润滑脂添加剂也可以使用。
作为抗静电剂,所有可用于聚合物并且不影响其最终性质的抗静电剂都可以使用,例如抗静电防粘剂。一个特别优选的例子是Dehydat 51(汉克尔公司)。
作为导电性固体,可以导电并且能够合适地分散于润滑油或润滑脂中的任何固体都可以使用。优选是不影响润滑脂的性质也不会使使用过程中的轴承表面质量降级的那些固体。合适的导电性固体的例子为(软)金属颗粒,特别是银、铜、石墨、铋、硫化铌(IV)。石墨(导电性碳)和硫化铌(IV)是特别优选的。
导电性固体3c通常具有小的粒径,以使得所述的颗粒不至于过分干扰润滑脂的润滑性质和/或使用过程中的轴承表面。优选的是,颗粒的最大粒径不大于30微米,优选是不大于10微米,更优选是小于5微米。平均粒径在1-2微米的颗粒是优选的。
基础油、聚合物增稠剂和含金属的添加剂3a的用量可以是常规用量。抗静电剂3b和3c的用量应足以使最终的润滑脂具有所希望的导电(或抗静电)性质。
一般地,本发明的润滑脂具有下述的组成(总组合物的%(重量)):
基础油 30-99
聚合物增稠剂 1-30
导电性组分 0.01-20所有的%(重量)的总和为100%,导电性组分3)优选是包括3a,3b,和/或3c中的至少一种,更优选是至少两种。
一个优选的组成(总组合物的%(重量))为:
基础油 30-98
聚合物增稠剂 1-30
Bi-添加剂3a 0.1-10
抗静电剂3b 0.1-10
导电性颗粒3c 0.1-5
所有的%(重量)的总和为100%。
对于组分3a,3b,和3c,应该注意的是,仅含有含金属的添加剂3a(例如一种有机铋化合物),或是含有含金属的添加剂3a和抗静电添加剂3b的润滑脂,与已知的Orapi-润滑剂相比较,在“静态”导电性试验以及在轴承转速最高为500r.p.m.的条件下,显示出较低的接触电阻/电阻,但是在较高的轴承转速下,电阻和/或电阻率强烈增加,导致在转速为2500rpm的情况下,其电阻率比Orapi的更高。
含有含金属的添加剂3a和导电性固体3c的润滑脂,不管是有还是没有抗静电剂3b,在“静态”导电性试验中,其接触电阻/电阻率比仅含有3a或3b+3c的润滑脂的接触电阻/电阻率要高,但该接触电阻/电阻率仍优于Orapi的接触电阻/电阻率。
但是,在运行中的轴承中,很惊奇地发现,含有至少一种含金属的添加剂3a和导电性固体3c的润滑脂与不含有导电性固体的润滑脂相比较,显示出较低的接触电阻/电阻率,并且该接触电阻/电阻率仅仅随轴承转速的增加而缓慢地增加,使得在轴承转速在约2500rpm的高转速下,含有导电性固体3c的润滑脂具有到目前为止最好的导电性。
因此,对于高轴承转速引用场合,以及在静态条件下和低和高轴承转速下最好的“综合”性能而言,本发明的含有导电性固体3c的润滑脂是特别优选的。
除了聚合物增稠剂外,润滑脂组合物也可以含有润滑脂组合物中所含有的常规的增稠剂,例如金属皂,其用量为小于50%(重量),优选为小于10%(重量),以及其他的聚合物增稠剂,只要这些常规的增稠剂对润滑脂的导电性和/或润滑性质没有不利的影响。但特别优选的是,本发明的润滑脂组合物仅含有聚合物增稠剂。
除了上述用量的上述组分外,也可以将公知的添加剂以其常规用量加入到润滑脂组合物中,只要它们对增稠剂组合物、基础油、最终的润滑脂组合物和/或其导电性质没有不利的影响。此外,也可以公知的方式加入常规用量的抗磨损和抗腐蚀添加剂以及抗氧剂。
本发明的润滑脂可以下述方式制备:将油与聚合物增稠剂和导电性组分3,优选是3a,3b,和/或3c中的一种或多种组分,以及其他的选择性组分,优选是在保护性气氛下,例如氮气保护下混合,以防止在加热过程中油的氧化。
一般地,该方法包括下述步骤:a)在高于所述的增稠剂的熔点温度的混合/溶解温度下,将聚合物增稠剂与基础油混合或溶解于基础油中;b)向所述的组合物中加入导电性组分3,以及公知的润滑脂组合物的其他选择性添加剂;c)将由此得到的润滑脂组合物从混合温度冷却到室温;d)使润滑脂达到所希望的稠度。
应该注意的是,在所述的方法中,可在步骤a)之前、在步骤a)的进行过程中或之后、在步骤c)的进行过程中或之后、在步骤d)的进行过程中或其任何组合,将导电性组分3以及选择性的其他添加剂4加入到聚合物增稠剂和/或基础润滑油中。当导电性组分3包括3a,3b,或3c中的至少两种的优选组合时,这些组分可以同时和/或分别加入到其他的起始组分和/或在润滑脂的制备过程中加入。
还应该注意的是,按照本发明,通过选择加入到本发明的润滑脂组合物中的不同的组分(包括添加剂和增稠剂)及其用量,本领域的普通技术人员能够控制最终组合物的导电性质以得到对于所期望的用途具有所希望的导电性的润滑脂。
优选的是,所述的导电性润滑脂组合物优选是通过欧洲专利申请952024644中所描述的“急冷”法来制备,该文献在此被引用作为参考文献。按照该方法,在上述的冷却过程c)中,润滑脂在2秒-3分钟,优选是在10秒-1分钟,更优选是在30秒钟之内,将润滑脂从混合温度冷却到室温。润滑脂组合物的这一急冷过程可以将,例如将润滑脂组合物倾入到水冷却的金属盘中而完成,当然也可以采用任何其他合适的快速冷却方法,例如喷雾冷却法。
按照欧洲专利申请952024644中所描述的急冷方法,对润滑脂的结构具有很大的影响,与常规的润滑脂以及通过慢慢冷却,例如采用常规的冷却方法,如仅仅是将润滑脂保持在进行外部/内部冷却的反应釜中进行冷却而得到的润滑脂相比较,以每分钟降低1℃的速度而得到的本发明的导电性润滑脂大大地改善了最终的润滑脂组合物的润滑性质。该文献在此被引用作为参考文献。采用常规的冷却方法,将导致在润滑剂中的聚合物脂失去机械稳定性和/或降低导电性。
在本发明的聚合物增稠的润滑脂中,聚合物增稠剂形成海绵状的结构,其给出润滑脂的外观和结构。基础润滑油保持在增稠剂结构的孔状空间中,并在润滑脂的试验过程中离析出。此外,导电性组分的固体颗粒或液滴(如果其在润滑脂中形成单独的相)可以被保持在增稠剂结构中。
制备过程的冷却慢慢进行而得到的润滑脂中,增稠剂的结构很不规则,既有非常大的孔,又有非常小的孔。如上所述的润滑脂组合物的急冷制备法使得本发明的润滑脂的聚合物增稠剂具有平滑和均匀的结构,提供了均匀分布的、用于保持润滑油和导电性组分固体颗粒或液滴的空间。
尽管从广义上来说,本发明并不限于导电性润滑脂的制备方法,也不限于本发明的具有改进性能的润滑脂组合物是如何得到的,但是,据信通过急冷法得到的平滑和均匀的增稠剂结构对润滑脂组合物的最终性能,例如导电性、机械性质和其他的润滑性能以及油和/或导电性组分3在润滑脂构架中的转移性等有有利的影响。
因此,尽管申请人并不想局限于任何假说,但申请人认为使用聚合物增稠剂使导电性得到改善的解释如下:
-聚合物增稠剂的存在使润滑脂中的导电性组分3,特别是导电性颗粒与轴承,特别是高转速下的轴承表面的接触得到改善;
-聚合物增稠剂的存在使润滑脂的结构更好,其起到作为导电性颗粒的基质或者说是改善机械稳定性的作用,这将导致这些颗粒在基质中的分布更均匀以及与轴承,特别是高转速下的轴承表面的接触更好;
-由于能在轴承表面形成导电性组分3和聚合物增稠剂的层,这将减小所述的表面之间的距离,由此可降低电阻。
在润滑脂组合物冷却、优选是急冷后,所述的润滑脂用常规的方法“加工”成具有所希望的最终稠度,例如在一三辊磨或润滑脂加工器中。在润滑脂的加工过程中,可进一步加入本领域的熟练技术人员熟知的其他添加剂。加工后,润滑脂即可以使用。
润滑脂的机械稳定性可通过本领域已知的试验方法,例如Shell辊稳定性试验来测定。该润滑脂在Shell辊稳定性试验(60℃、165rpm下24小时)后的最大针入度优选为350。
润滑脂的稠度可采用NLGI分类法分类。按照本发明,所制得的润滑脂的NLGI稠度通常在1-3的范围内。如果所制得的润滑脂的稠度为0,则其通常将发生泄漏。
但是,应该理解的是,本发明可使得本领域的熟练技术人员通过选择组分及制备条件,而制得根据应用场合而具有所期望的和/或所需要的稠度和机械稳定性的润滑脂,这对润滑剂领域的熟练技术人员来说是显而易见的。
此外,分离出来的油的粘度应该是可接受的,并优选是一个常数。
本发明聚合物增稠的导电性润滑脂可应用于导电性润滑剂所期望的所有的应用场合。此外,本发明的润滑脂还可应用于常规的导电性润滑剂因其润滑性能不合适而不能应用的场合。
本发明的润滑脂具有很大的优点,例如:-电接触,例如滑动接触;-可应用于轴承,特别是可应用于汽车的滚珠轴承,例如车轮轴承单元;-可应用于静电荷的积累以及由此而伴生的火花必须避免的场合,例如采矿工业可发生爆炸性危害的条件下的场合;-可应用于将电能转变为机械能或将机械能转变为电能的装置中,例如电动马达和交流发电机中。
本发明的润滑脂特别适用于转动电接触的滚珠轴承,例如USP5139425中所述的轴承(Davies et al,转让给申请人)。
因此,本发明进一步涉及导电性润滑脂组合物的应用,包括在轴承中防止或降低静电荷的积累、在转动电接触的滚珠轴承中防止或降低火花的形成、在将电能转变为机械能或将机械能转变为电能的装置中的应用以及通过轴承和/或在轴承部件或轴承表面之间传导电荷方面的应用。
下面通过下述的实施例和附图对本发明进行进一步的说明,附图中,图1和2a/2b显示已知的润滑剂和本发明的润滑剂在静态条件(图1)下以及滚珠轴承试验时的电阻(图2a/2b)。
实施例
对配制的聚合物润滑脂和可商购得到的并在Hub unit development使用的“导电性”润滑脂进行了评价。
共制备了9种聚合物润滑脂。表1示出了本研究中所使用的全部润滑脂。
表1润滑脂试验
x基础润滑脂组成:-10%聚合物-1% Irganox L-57-6.7% Liovac 3016-82.3% 酯基础油(当向基础润滑脂中加入一种化合物时,基础油的用量将相应减少)。图1示出了遮蔽导电性润滑脂试验的试验结果。该测试技术使用了一对铜电极(间距为10mm)并施加500V的电压。该方法类似于DIN 3482中所描述的标准技术(测试材料的电性质的试验方法:测定非金属材料的电阻)。可以看出,与参比润滑脂(OrapiGRN),即Hub unit develpoment选用的用于密封/抛油环接触的润滑脂相比较,所测试的配制润滑脂具有非常低的电阻率。导电性最好的润滑脂是基础润滑脂加上10%Dehydat 51(一种抗静电材料)的润滑脂。导电性固体例如石墨或硫化铌对导电性并没有任何改善,由此建议:在静态试验条件下,聚合物和/或油中悬浮的固体抑制或阻碍了电荷的流动。聚合物-油润滑脂结构中所使用的导电性固体的量以及固体的取向可能是形成导电性桥的一个重要因素。
ERC代码 | 润滑脂组合物(供应商) |
L950530.01 | 基础润滑脂x |
L950530.02 | 基础润滑脂x+10% Dehydat 51(汉克尔) |
L950530.03 | 基础润滑脂x+5% Dehydat 51 |
L950530.04 | 基础润滑脂x+1% Dehydat 51 |
L950530.05 | 基础润滑脂x+1% Dehydat 51+1%石墨,粒径为1-2微米 |
L950530.06 | 基础润滑脂x+1% 石墨,粒径为1-2微米 |
L950530.07 | 基础润滑脂x+1% 石墨,粒径为<1微米 |
L950530.08 | 基础润滑脂x+1% 硫化铌(IV)(Johnson Mattey) |
L950530.09 | 基础润滑脂x+1% Dehydat 51+1%石墨,粒径为<1微米 |
L950530.10 | ORAPI GRN(Orapi) |
聚合物润滑脂在标准的DGBB 6205轴承中的电阻/电阻率按如下方法测定。将DGBB6205轴承安装在一个SKF A-0转轴和外壳中。SKF A-0转轴由皮带轮和电动马达驱动,电动马达由一频率转换器控制。这使得该转轴能在0-3000rpm的速度下操作。通过转动与测试轴承的外壳相连的螺纹杆上的螺帽而将载荷机械施加到测试轴承上。施加的载荷通过压力仪和应力指示器进行监测,并可以在0-3000N之间变化(径向载荷)。测定通过该轴承的电阻,并将得到的数据用一通用的仪器进行处理。
在该研究中,转动接触电阻通过使用标定的万用表(欧姆仪)Fluke 8024B测定。试验条件示于表2中。
在每一速度步骤,每运行约5分钟后记录下平均电阻。图2a和2b显示了8个测试样品的电阻测定结果。
表2 ERC轴承试验条件
测试轴承 | SKF 6205 2RZ/C3 |
速度(转/分钟) | 增加250,500,2500下降2000,500,250 |
载荷 | 2100N |
轴承中的润滑脂量 | 1.6g |
可以看出,含有导电性固体,特别是硫化铌(样品L950530.08)和粒径为1-2微米的石墨(样品L950530.05)的润滑脂在所有的速度范围内都显示出非常低的接触电阻。很惊奇的是,仅仅向基础润滑脂中加入Dehydat并不能显著增加电场强度或导电性。也对Dehydat(100%)进行了测定,发现在高速下也显示出比较高的接触电阻。在低速下,抗静电剂显示出更好的导电性。由此证明,在滚动接触条件下,基础润滑脂或含有抗静电剂的同种润滑脂可在低的运行速度下很好地工作。在高速下,为了在转动轴承接触的条件下达到低的电阻率,使用含有导电性固体的润滑脂是必须的,这表明导电性固体在聚合物/油中的膜在表面之间形成了较好的电回路。参比润滑脂,即OrapiGRN,与我们的一些试验样品相比较,显示出非常高的接触电阻。
从该研究的结果可以看出,含有抗静电材料和/或导电性固体的聚合物润滑脂能够很容易地提供消除因轴承的转动而产生的静电荷所需要的性质。与可商购得到的已知的最好的“导电性润滑脂”相比较,本发明的润滑脂显示出很低的接触电阻。聚合物润滑脂例如样品L950530.08和样品L950530.05在轴承中显示出优异的导电性能。这表明这些润滑脂可开发用于导电。
Claims (14)
1、导电性润滑脂组合物,包括:
1)30-98重量%的一种基础润滑油;
2)1-30重量%的一种聚合物增稠剂;
3)0.01-20重量%的一种导电性组分;和
4)使总重量达100%的公知的用于润滑脂组合物的其他添加剂;其特征在于所述的聚合物增稠剂包括(1)平均分子量大于200,000的丙烯共聚物或均聚物和(2)平均分子量为50,000至100,000的丙烯共聚物或均聚物的混合物。
2、按照权利要求1所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中所述的导电性组分3)包括至少一种从下述的一组中选出的导电性物质:
3a)含金属的添加剂;
3b)抗静电剂;和/或
3c)导电性固体。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中的高分子量组分和低分子量组分之间的比例为1∶40-1∶5。
4、按照权利要求1或3所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中所述的低分子量组分为平均分子量在50,000-100,000之间、熔体流动指数为500-1000的丙烯均聚物。
5、按照权利要求1或3所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中所述的高分子量组分为平均分子量在200,000-250,000之间、熔体流动指数为1.5-15的丙烯均聚物或丙烯/乙烯共聚物。
6、按照权利要求1或2所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中所述的含金属的添加剂3a)选自有机金属化合物和含铋化合物。
7、按照权利要求1或2所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中所述的抗静电剂3b)是用于聚合物的抗静电剂。
8、按照权利要求1或2所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中所述的导电性固体3c)选自银、铜、石墨、铋或硫化铌。
9、按照权利要求1所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中该导电性润滑脂组合物在常温下的电阻小于100欧姆。
10、按照权利要求9所述的导电性润滑脂组合物,其中该导电性润滑脂组合物在常温下的电阻小于1欧姆。
11、制备如权利要求1-10所述的导电性润滑脂组合物的方法,该方法包括下述步骤:
a)在高于所用的增稠剂的熔点温度的混合/溶解温度下,将聚合物增稠剂混合或溶解于基础油中,得到第一种组合物;
b)向所述的第一种组合物中加入导电性组分3,和可选择性使用的公知的润滑脂组合物的其他添加剂;
c)在1秒-3分钟内将由此得到的润滑脂组合物从混合温度冷却到室温;
d)使润滑脂达到所希望的稠度,
其中,所述的增稠剂包括(1)平均分子量大于200,000的丙烯共聚物或均聚物和(2)平均分子量为50,000至100,000的丙烯共聚物或均聚物的混合物。
12、权利要求1-10所述的导电性润滑脂组合物在防止或减少轴承中静电荷的积累和/或防止或减少电火花方面的应用。
13、权利要求1-10所述的导电性润滑脂组合物在转动电接触的滚珠轴承中和/或在将机械能转化为电能或将电能转化为机械能的装置中的应用。
14、权利要求1-10所述的导电性润滑脂组合物在通过轴承和/或在轴承部件或表面之间传导电荷方面的应用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1002587A NL1002587C2 (nl) | 1996-03-12 | 1996-03-12 | Geleidende polymeer-verdikte smeervetsamenstellingen. |
NL1002587 | 1996-03-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1163305A CN1163305A (zh) | 1997-10-29 |
CN1057326C true CN1057326C (zh) | 2000-10-11 |
Family
ID=19762484
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN97103075A Expired - Lifetime CN1057326C (zh) | 1996-03-12 | 1997-03-12 | 聚合物增稠的导电性润滑脂组合物 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5773394A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0795598B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH1030096A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1057326C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69708726T2 (zh) |
NL (1) | NL1002587C2 (zh) |
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JP4926411B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-08 | 2012-05-09 | 出光興産株式会社 | グリース組成物 |
JP2007023104A (ja) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-02-01 | Ntn Corp | グリース組成物および該グリース封入軸受 |
DE112006000987T5 (de) * | 2005-04-20 | 2008-03-06 | Ntn Corp. | Schmierfettzusammensetzung, Lager mit eingeschlossenem Schmierfett und Rotationsübertragungsvorrichtung mit eingebauter Einwegkupplung |
JP2007040446A (ja) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-15 | Ntn Corp | 自動車電装・補機用転がり軸受 |
JP2006300211A (ja) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Ntn Corp | 一方向クラッチ内蔵型回転伝達装置 |
CN100564500C (zh) * | 2006-11-01 | 2009-12-02 | 西安耐通机电科技有限责任公司 | 大电流集电装置用导电润滑剂 |
ES2559755T3 (es) * | 2008-08-15 | 2016-02-15 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Un método para preparar una composición de grasa |
JP5557179B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-14 | 2014-07-23 | 協同油脂株式会社 | グリース組成物及び軸受 |
JP4545819B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-09-15 | Ntn株式会社 | グリース |
DE102009036856A1 (de) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-17 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co. Kg | Elektrische Maschine mit vor Stromdurchschlägen geschütztem Wälzlager und Getriebemotor mit einem solchen |
CN104204168A (zh) * | 2012-01-02 | 2014-12-10 | Skf公司 | 润滑脂和施加润滑脂的方法 |
RU2510089C1 (ru) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-03-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "БЕРС" | Электропроводящая смазка "увс суперконт" |
FR2999356B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-07 | 2016-12-23 | Renault Sa | Dispositif de transmission de puissance |
WO2014108438A1 (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2014-07-17 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Polymer thickened grease composition and method for making the same |
CN105229130B (zh) * | 2013-05-30 | 2019-03-01 | 斯凯孚公司 | 聚合物润滑脂的制造方法 |
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FR3060605B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-15 | 2021-05-28 | Skf Ab | Compositions de graisse et leur procede de fabrication |
CN113322117B (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2023-09-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种自动门滑道润滑脂组合物及其制备方法 |
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-
1996
- 1996-03-12 NL NL1002587A patent/NL1002587C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-03-06 EP EP97200670A patent/EP0795598B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-06 DE DE69708726T patent/DE69708726T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-10 US US08/814,031 patent/US5773394A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-12 JP JP9074642A patent/JPH1030096A/ja active Pending
- 1997-03-12 CN CN97103075A patent/CN1057326C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0795598B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
JPH1030096A (ja) | 1998-02-03 |
NL1002587C2 (nl) | 1997-09-15 |
DE69708726D1 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
EP0795598A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
CN1163305A (zh) | 1997-10-29 |
US5773394A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
DE69708726T2 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
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