CN105669378B - 泽漆提取物及制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
泽漆提取物及制备方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105669378B CN105669378B CN201610016841.0A CN201610016841A CN105669378B CN 105669378 B CN105669378 B CN 105669378B CN 201610016841 A CN201610016841 A CN 201610016841A CN 105669378 B CN105669378 B CN 105669378B
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Abstract
本发明公开了泽漆提取物,采用50%以上浓度的乙醇提取泽漆得到。还可以继续采用石油醚或氯仿提取,甚至分离得到单体化合物。泽漆提取物可用于制备治疗银屑病的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中草药提取物及其应用,具体涉及泽漆提取物的提取方法优选,有效部位筛选,提取物的新用途。
背景技术
泽漆(Euphorbia helioscopia L.)又名猫眼草、五朵云、五凤草,为大戟目大戟科一年生或两年生草本植物,分布于除新疆、西藏以外的全国各省区,资源丰富。泽漆味辛、苦,性微寒,全草入药,主治水气肿满,痰饮喘咳疟疾,菌痢,瘰疬,结核性瘘管,骨髓炎。(江苏新医学院.中药大辞典[M].上册.上海:上海人民出版社,1977:1464-1465)研究表明泽漆具有抗肿瘤,抑菌杀虫,止咳平喘等药理作用(杨莉,陈海霞,高文远.泽漆化学成分及其药理作用研究进展[J].中草药,2007,38(10):1585-1589)。
泽漆所含的化学成分种类较多,文献报道泽漆主要含二萜酯类、黄酮、三萜、甾醇、多酚类、氨基酸及天然油脂类化合物,二萜酯类、黄酮类化合物,是其主要的生物活性物质。主要分布于泽漆的乳汁中,根部也有分布。二萜酯类化合物对皮肤有刺激性,有辅助抗癌的作用。泽漆中分离得到的黄酮类化合物主要包括槲皮素、山奈酚和以槲皮素为苷元的黄酮苷,如槲皮素-3-β-葡萄糖苷,槲皮素-3-β-半乳糖苷(金丝桃苷)等(杨莉,陈海霞,高文远.泽漆化学成分及其药理作用研究进展[J].中草药,2007,38(10):1585-1589)。
银屑病俗称“牛皮癣”,是一种以皮肤角质形成细胞过度增殖为病理特征,同时还伴随慢性炎症的皮肤疾病,其发病机制至今仍不十分清楚。我国目前有650万左右的银屑病患者,患者多为青壮年,患者的皮肤表现为银白色鳞屑的红色斑块,严重影响患者的生活质量。
治疗药物主要分为:外用药包括维生素D3类似物,维A酸等乳膏剂;内用药包括甲氨蝶呤,糖皮质激素,维A酸以及环孢素A,他克莫司,霉芬酸酯等免疫抑制剂;物理疗法包括宽谱中波紫外线(BB-UVB)疗法,窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)疗法等;中医中药治疗包括复方青黛丸、雷公藤、复方丹参片等中成药。目前银屑病还无特效治疗药,市场上的西药制剂仍以控制症状为主,且含有激素成份,用药后给患者带来副作用。
泽漆药材资源丰富,药用历史悠久。其生物活性多样,具有较高的药用价值。近年来对泽漆进行了多方面的开发和利用,包括抗肿瘤、抗单纯性疱疹病毒和治疗阻肺型哮喘等。临床上有将泽漆与大青叶,板蓝根,土茯苓,半枝莲,龙胆草,黄芩,贯众等十几味中药配伍组成复方泽漆冲剂(刘涛峰,张虹亚,刘小平,等.复方泽漆冲剂治疗进行期寻常性银屑病的疗效观察及对血清TNF-α,IL-8的影响.中国皮肤性病学志.2008,22(5):281-283)或将泽漆 加水煎煮并浓缩制成胶囊剂,注射剂(盛仲灵,顾乃芳,吴季庄,等.泽漆治疗银屑病的探讨.安徽医学,1980,44-47)用于银屑病患者的治疗,并且具有较好的疗效。但是目前均采用泽漆复方制剂治疗银屑病,将泽漆作为方剂中的某一味药或制成粗提物,成分较多,质量控制较为复杂,为了解决现有技术中泽漆复方用药,成分复杂的问题,本发明提供了一种泽漆提取物的有效部位,制备方法及其在抗银屑病方面的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供泽漆提取物,优选提取方法,有效部位筛选、制备及其在抗银屑病方面的新用途。
基于以上目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
提取方法的优选:
首先采用不同的提取方法对泽漆药材进行提取,分别70%-95%乙醇溶液回流提取,50%-70%乙醇水溶液回流提取,95%乙醇溶液浸渍提取,95%乙醇溶液超声提取,水煎煮,合并提取液,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,分别得到提取物E1,E2,E3,E4,E5。
对上述不同提取方法所得的提取物E1,E2,E3,E4,E5进行体外抗银屑病活性筛选:
TNF-α刺激人永生化表皮细胞(HaCaT)的增殖来模拟银屑病角质形成细胞过度增殖的基本病理特征,建立体外模型。
泽漆的许多活性的研究均为粗提物,多为简单的水提物(张军峰,马肖兵,詹瑧.泽漆体外抗单纯疱疹病毒活性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(19):8134;蔡鹰,陆瑜,梁秉文,等.泽漆根体外抗肿瘤实验研究[J].中药材,1999,22(2):85-87;但水提取有一定的局限性,因为水为强极性溶剂,提取的主要成分一般为糖类、氨基酸、蛋白质、无机盐、有机酸盐等,对于一些极性较小的活性成分的提取率较低。而泽漆当中的主要的生物活性物质二萜酯类显然属于极性较小的化学成分,水提对其提取率会大大降低。同时由于水提需要经过100℃的煎煮,温度较高会破坏泽漆中某些化学成分的结构。而醇提或水醇提取提取率高,能将植物中的大部分活性成分提取出来。
体外抗银屑病活性筛选结果显示(表1),E1,E2对角质形成细胞HaCaT的IC50分别为212.6μg/ml,206.1μg/ml,较其他提取方法所得提取物活性好,为此我们考虑采用70%~95%的乙醇水溶液进行提取。
泽漆抗银屑病有效部位的筛选:
取适量泽漆药材,90%乙醇回流提取合并提取液,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂得泽漆浸膏。将浸膏加水分散,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇浸膏进行萃取,合并萃取液,减压蒸干溶剂,即得泽漆的石油醚部位(Fra),氯仿部位(Frb),乙酸乙酯部位(Frc),正丁醇部位(Frd)。
对以上部位进行体外抗银屑病活性筛选:
结果显示(表2),泽漆的石油醚部位(Fra)和氯仿(Frb)部位对皮肤角质形成细胞HaCaT的IC50值分别为172.9μg/ml,208.6μg/ml,较其他部位活性好。由此推测泽漆抗银屑病的有效部位可能为Fra和Frb。
泽漆提取物抗银屑病有效部位的制备:
取泽漆药材(15kg),倒入提取罐,加90%的乙醇水溶液60~80L,回流提取2~4次,每次18~24h,合并提取液,过滤。乙醇提取液减压蒸馏回收乙醇后得泽漆总提物浸膏。
泽漆总提物浸膏加水混悬后,依次用等体积石油醚、氯仿反复萃取2~4次,合并萃取液,减压蒸干溶剂得石油醚部位Fra(150g),该部位为黑色半固体制剂。可加入相应的辅料制成乳膏剂。氯仿部位Frb(210g),该部位为深棕色半固体制剂,亦可加入相应的辅料制成乳膏剂。
为弄清泽漆抗银屑病有效部位的化学成分,我们对有效部位进行系统的分离。
有效部位化学成分研究:
石油醚部位Fra(120g)经硅胶柱色谱梯度洗脱、中低压柱色谱、MCI、ODS-C18柱、反复硅胶柱色谱以及重结晶等方法进一步分离和纯化,得到化合物1(277mg),2(135mg),10(55mg),11(34mg),12(28mg),13(34mg),14(45mg),15(8mg),16/17(12mg)。
氯仿部位Frb(250g)经硅胶柱色谱梯度洗脱、中低压柱色谱、MCI、ODS-C18柱、反复硅胶柱色谱以及重结晶等方法进一步分离和纯化,得到化合物3(25mg),4(31mg),5(15mg),6(23mg),7(15mg),8(10mg),9(8mg)。
单体化合物结构鉴定:
通过波谱学技术(1H-NMR,13C-NMR,以及2D-NMR)进行结构鉴定。
单体化合物鉴定为:正三十一烷醇(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、金色酰胺醇脂(3)、槲皮素(4)、5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮(5)、山奈酚香豆酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷(6)、柚皮素(7)、异嗪皮啶(8)、松脂素(9)、14α,15β-二乙酰氧基-3α,7β-二苯甲酰基-9-氧代-2β,13α-麻风树-5E,11E-二烯(10)、euphoscopin B(11),大戟苷Ⅰ(12),ingenol(13),大戟苷Ⅱ(14)7α-羟基谷甾醇(15)(24R/S)-环阿屯-25-烯-3β,24-二醇(16/17)。
单体化合物对HaCaT增殖的影响:
利用CCK-8法检测分离得到的单体化合物对角质形成细胞HaCaT增殖的影响,比较各 化合物的IC50值,以维A酸作为阳性对照药。
结果显示,除化合物2,3,6,10,15,16,17外,其余化合都对HaCaT细胞有一定的增殖抑制的能力(表3)。其中化合物4,9,11的抑制作用接近阳性药维A酸(52.67μmol/L)。
银屑病是慢性炎症性皮肤疾病,炎症在疾病的发生发展中起到关键作用。而银屑病患者的皮肤角质形成细胞存在炎性因子(包括IL-1,IL-6等)分泌异常的现象。为此我们检测了单体化合物TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞分泌细胞因子的影响。
单体化合物对TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞分泌细胞因子的影响。
采用Elisa法测定TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞上清中IL-1和IL-6的含量,以化合物4槲皮素作为阳性对照药。结果显示,化合物对TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞IL-1分泌量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但能在一定程度上减少IL-6的分泌(P<0.05)(表4)。
本发明实验研究表明:中药泽漆70%-95%醇提取物,及其石油醚部位(Fra)和氯仿部位(Frb)能较好的抑制皮肤角质形成细胞的异常增殖,同时该部位分离所得的单体化合物在抑制角质形成细胞及降低炎症因子(IL-6)方面都有良好效果。
本发明提供了泽漆提取物抗银屑病的新用途。
附图说明
图1为不同提取方法提取泽漆的流程图;
图2为泽漆总浸膏的萃取流程图;
具体实施方式
实施例1提取方法的优选
首先采用不同的提取方法对泽漆药材进行提取,取泽漆药材5份,每份25g,分别用95%乙醇回流提取2~3次,70%乙醇回流提取2~3次,95%乙醇浸渍提取2~3次,95%乙醇超声提取2~3次,水煎煮2~3次,合并提取液,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂,分别得到提取物E1,E2,E3,E4,E5。
对上述不同提取方法所得的提取物E1,E2,E3,E4,E5进行体外抗银屑病活性筛选:
材料与试剂:
泽漆提取物;胎牛血清(杭州四季青生物工程材料有限公司);DMEM高糖培养基(美国Hyclone);CCK-8试剂盒(上海贝博生物)。
体外模型的建立:
TNF-α刺激人永生化表皮细胞(HaCaT)的增殖来模拟银屑病角质形成细胞过度增殖的基本病理特征。
操作方法:
取对数期的HaCaT细胞以4×103个/孔的细胞密度接种于96孔板中,边缘孔用PBS填充,空白对照组加入等体积的培养基不接种细胞,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育6h后,加TNF-α(10ng/ml)刺激,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育24h。
CCK-8法检测E1,E2,E3,E4,E5对角质形成细胞HaCaT的增殖抑制作用。
方法:取对数期的HaCaT细胞以4×103个/孔的细胞密度接种于96孔板中,边缘孔用PBS填充,空白对照组加入等体积的培养基不接种细胞,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育6h后,加TNF-α(10ng/ml)刺激,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育24h后,空白对照组加等体积的培养基,药物组加入等体积不同浓度的提取物(药物终浓度为25、50、100、200、400μg/mL),置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育24h后,吸弃培养基,药物组加入等体积不同浓度的药物,空白对照组加等体积的培养基,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中继续孵育24h后每孔加入10μl CCK-8,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育3h后,震荡数分钟后用酶标仪测定450nm处各孔的吸光度值,计算抑制率及IC50值。结果如表1所示。
表1不同提取方法所得提取物对角质形成细胞的增殖抑制作用
综上,95%乙醇提取物(E1)和70%乙醇提取物(E2)的对角质形成细胞的增殖抑制作用较强,后续试验采用90%醇提的方法对泽漆进行提取。
实施例2泽漆抗银屑病有效部位的筛选
取适量泽漆药材100g,90%乙醇回流提取2~3次,合并提取液,过滤,减压蒸干溶剂得泽漆浸膏。将浸膏分散于一定量的水中,形成混悬液,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇按体积比1:1对浸膏进行萃取,每种溶剂萃取三次,合并萃取液,减压蒸干溶剂,即得泽漆的石油醚部位(Fra),氯仿部位(Frb),乙酸乙酯部位(Frc),正丁醇部位(Frd)。
对以上部位进行体外抗银屑病活性筛选,结果如表2所示。
表2泽漆提取物不同部位对角质形成细胞的增殖抑制作用
综上,泽漆的石油醚(Fra)和氯仿(Frb)萃取部分对皮肤角质形成细胞的增殖抑制作用较强。由此推测泽漆抗银屑病的有效部位可能为Fra和Frb。
实施例3泽漆提取物抗银屑病有效部位的制备
取泽漆阴干药材15kg,倒入提取罐,加90%的乙醇水溶液60~80L,回流提取4次,每次24h,合并4次所得乙醇提取液,过滤。乙醇提取液减压蒸馏回收乙醇后的泽漆总提物浸膏。加水混悬后,依次用等体积石油醚、氯仿反复萃取三次,合并萃取液,减压蒸干溶剂得石油醚部位Fra(150g),该部位为黑色半固体制剂。可加入相应的辅料制成乳膏剂。氯仿部位Frb(210g),该部位为深棕色半固体制剂,可加入相应的辅料制成乳膏剂。
实施例4有效部位部位化学成分的研究
材料与试剂:
AM-300、400,DRX-500型核磁共振光谱仪(瑞士Bruker公司,四甲基硅烷作为内标);Sephadex LH-20(瑞典GEHealthcare Bio-Sciences公司);MCI小孔树脂(日本Mitsubishi Chemical公司);十八烷基键和硅胶(octadecylsilyl,ODS,日本FujisilysiaChemical公司);硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂);薄层色谱GF254硅胶板板(烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司);氘代试剂(美国Sigma-aldrich公司);甲醇、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、石油醚等化学试剂均为分析纯。
实验方法:
石油醚部位Fra(120g)经硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯50:1~0:1)梯度洗脱得到8个部分,Fra-1~Fra-8。Fra-4经过Sephadex LH-20(石油醚-氯仿-甲醇10:10:1)、中低压柱色谱(石油醚-丙酮20:1)、反复硅胶柱色谱以及重结晶的方法进一步分离和纯化,得到化合物1(277mg),10(55mg),2(135mg)。Fra-4中低压柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、反复硅胶柱色谱分离得到化合物13(34mg),15(8mg),16/17(12mg),Fra-6经中低压柱色谱(石油醚-丙酮15:1)得到6个部分,Fra-6-1~Fra-6-6。Fra-6-2经Sephadex LH-20、反复硅胶柱色谱,得到化合物11(34mg),14(45mg)。Fra-6-6经反复硅胶柱色谱得到化合物12(28mg)。
氯仿部位Frb(250g)经硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-丙酮60:1~0:1)梯度洗脱得到9个部分,Frb-1~Frb-9。Frb-5经硅胶柱(石油醚-丙酮10:1~0:1)得到5个部分,Frb-5-1~Frb-5-5,其中Frb-5-3经Sephadex LH-20(纯乙醇),硅胶柱,ODS-C18柱色谱进一步分离纯化,得到化合物8(10mg)。Frb-8经硅胶柱色谱(氯仿-甲醇50:1~0:1)得到8个部分,Frb-8-1~Frb-8-9。Frb-8-3经Sephadex LH-20(30%~100%甲醇)、MCI(0~100%甲醇)以及反复硅胶柱色谱得到化合物9(8mg)。Frb-8-3经Sephadex LH-20(30%~100%甲醇)、MCI(0~100%甲醇)以及反复硅胶柱色谱得到化合物3(25mg),7(15mg)。Frb-8-8经Sephadex LH-20(30%~100%甲醇)、MCI(0~100%甲醇)以及反复硅胶柱色谱得到化合物6(23mg),5(15mg),4(31mg)。
化合物结构鉴定:
通过波谱学技术(1H-NMR,13C-NMR,以及2D-NMR)进行结构鉴定为正三十一烷醇(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、金色酰胺醇脂(3)、槲皮素(4)、5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮(5)、山奈酚香豆酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷(6)、柚皮素(7)、异嗪皮啶(8)、松脂素(9)、14α,15β-二乙酰氧基-3α,7β-二苯甲酰基-9-氧代-2β,13α-麻风树-5E,11E-二烯(10)、euphoscopin B(11),大戟苷Ⅰ(12),ingenol(13),大戟苷Ⅱ(14)7α-羟基谷甾醇(15)(24R/S)-环阿屯-25-烯-3β,24-二醇(16/17)。
化合物结构如下:
分离所得单体化合物占有效部位的比例:
实施例5单体化合物对HaCaT增殖的影响
CCK-8法检测分离得到的单体化合物对角质形成细胞HaCaT增殖的影响,比较各化合物的IC50值,以维A酸作为阳性对照药。结果显示,除化合物2,3,6,10,15,16,17外,其余化合都对HaCaT细胞有一定的增殖抑制的能力(表3)。其中化合物4,9,11的抑制 作用接近阳性药维A酸(52.67μmol/L)。
表3部分单体化合物对HaCaT细胞的抑制效应的IC50(n=3)
实施例6化合物对TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞分泌细胞因子的影响
对分离得到的单体化合物进行抗炎活性筛选,采用Elisa法测定TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞上清中IL-1和IL-6的含量,以化合物4槲皮素作为阳性对照药。结果显示,化合物对TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞IL-1分泌量差异无统计学意义,但能在一定程度上减少IL-6的分泌(表4)。
表4单体化合物对TNF-α刺激的HaCaT细胞生成IL-1和IL-6生成的抑制作用(n=3)
注:与模型组相比*P<0.05
本发明实验研究表明:中药泽漆50%-95%醇提取物,及其石油醚部位(Fra)氯仿部位(Frb)能较好的抑制皮肤角质形成细胞的异常增殖,同时该部位分离所得的单体化合物在抑制角质形成细胞及降低炎症因子(IL-6)方面都有良好效果。
本发明泽漆醇提取物的原药资源丰富,具有良好的社会和经济效益。
本发明为将泽漆进一步开发成新药提供了强有力的基础。
Claims (12)
1.泽漆提取物在制备治疗银屑病的药物中的用途,所述泽漆提取物,采用70%以上浓度的乙醇回流提取泽漆得到。
2.权利要求1所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物,采用70-95%浓度的乙醇回流提取泽漆,得到的提取物继续采用石油醚萃取得到。
3.权利要求1所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物,采用70-95%浓度的乙醇提取,石油醚萃取后,水层继续采用氯仿萃取得到。
4.权利要求2所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物,其特征在于含有式1化合物,式11化合物,式12化合物,式13化合物,式14化合物,
5.权利要求4所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物,其特征在于含有大于0.8467%重量比例的式1化合物,大于0.0367%重量比例的式11化合物,含有大于0.456%重量比例的式12化合物,含有大于0.0227%重量比例的式13化合物,含有大于0.03%重量比例的式14化合物。
6.权利要求2所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物,是式1或式11-14的化合物,
7.权利要求3所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物,其特征在于含有式4化合物,式5化合物,式7化合物,式8化合物,式9化合物,
8.权利要求7所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物,其特征在于含有大于0.0148%重量比例的式4化合物,大于0.0071%重量比例的式5化合物,含有大于0.0071%重量比例的式7化合物,含有大于0.0048%重量比例的式8化合物,含有大于0.038%重量比例的式9化合物。
9.权利要求1所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物的制备方法,采用泽漆重量3~5倍量的90%~95%乙醇回流提取2~4次,合并提取液,过滤,减压蒸干即得。
10.权利要求5所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物的制备方法,采用泽漆重量3~5倍量的90%~95%乙醇回流提取2~4次得到的提取物继续加水混悬后,用等体积石油醚反复萃取2~4次,合并萃取液,蒸干溶剂即得。
11.权利要求6所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物的制备方法,采用泽漆重量3~5倍量的90%~95%乙醇回流提取2~4次得到的提取物继续加水混悬后,用等体积石油醚反复萃取2~4次,合并萃取液,经反复硅胶柱色谱以及重结晶的方法进一步分离和纯化即得。
12.权利要求8所述的用途,所述泽漆提取物的制备方法,采用泽漆重量3~5倍量的90%~95%乙醇回流提取2~4次得到的提取物继续加水混悬后,用等体积石油醚反复萃取2~4次,水层用等体积氯仿反复萃取2~4次,合并萃取液,蒸干溶剂即得。
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