A kind of brassicaceous vegetable indoor soilless cultivation fast seedling-cultivating method and system thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant soil-less culturing technical field, relate in particular to a kind of brassicaceous vegetable indoor soilless cultivation fast seedling-cultivating method and system thereof.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of people's living standard, brassicaceous vegetable is the popular vegetables that often eat on people's dining table, and nutritional labeling is high, and mouthfeel is good, is subject to popular welcome. Soilless culture is because have and not affected by extraneous weather and soil environment, and the anniversary can grow seedlings, and particularly in some places, temperature in winter temperature in too cold or summer is too high, and soilless culture has solved under this weather, the vegetables demand that people are daily.
But the grow seedlings of vegetable limited amount of the soilless culture of prior art, and seedling raise period is also longer, operates more complicatedly, is not easy to wide popularization and application.
Summary of the invention
For above technical problem, the invention discloses a kind of brassicaceous vegetable indoor soilless cultivation fast seedling-cultivating method and system thereof, accelerate seedling raise period, and seedling stalwartness, well developed root system, without disease and pest, safety, applicable family utilizes indoor raising of seedling, easy to operate, produce practical, easy to utilize.
To this, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of brassicaceous vegetable indoor stereo soilless culture fast seedling-cultivating method adopts to comprise the following steps and grows seedlings in seedling rearing room:
Steps A: good peat soil and perlite after sterilization mixed as matrix in the ratio of 4 ~ 5:1, be layered on seedlings nursing plate, and at seedlings nursing plate, the hole, cave that 0.5 ~ 0.8cm is dark be set;
Step B: sow seed in hole, cave, then the thick matrix of the upper 0.3 ~ 0.5cm of tiling, is placed in seedlings nursing plate on raising tray; Preferably, in hole, each cave, sow a seed;
Step C: deployed nutrient solution, the bottom by nutrition liquid pump to raising tray, and nutrient solution is up oozed by the aperture of seedlings nursing plate bottom; The EC of nutrient solution is 1.0 ~ 2.5ms/cm, and pH value is 5.5 ~ 7.0, every circulation in 6 ~ 8 hours 1 time, each 1 ~ 1.5 hour, every day 3 times; And making environment temperature remain on 16 ~ 25 DEG C, ambient humidity is 65% ~ 100%;
Step D: adopt white: the red LED light source that is combined as 1:1 ~ 9:1, after seed starts to break ground, open LED light source, intensity of illumination is 5000 ~ 30000lx, light application time is 20 ~ 24 hours/day, continuous illumination 7 ~ 14 days.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in step D, adopt white: the red LED light source that is combined as 3:1 ~ 6:1, after seed starts to break ground, open LED light source, intensity of illumination is 6000 ~ 12000lx, light application time is 20 ~ 24 hours/day, continuous illumination 9 ~ 14 days.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described nutrient solution contains mineral nutrition N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described nutrient solution is according to nutrient solution: the volume ratio of water is that rear use is diluted in 1:100 ~ 500 times.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in steps A, the bottom of described seedlings nursing plate is provided with projection, and the formation method in hole, described cave is: the seedlings nursing plate of completing matrix is superimposed together, press from top to bottom, the matrix of next seedlings nursing plate is extruded hole, cave by the base projections of seedlings nursing plate.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in step C, adopt air-conditioning to make temperature remain on 16 ~ 25 DEG C.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in described step D, after seedling major part is broken ground, in seedling rearing room, add carbon dioxide, make the concentration of carbon dioxide at 600 ~ 1500ppm.
As a further improvement on the present invention, gas concentration lwevel is 800 ~ 1200ppm.
The invention also discloses a kind of system that adopts brassicaceous vegetable indoor soilless cultivation fast seedling-cultivating method as above, adopt layer stereo seedling culture frame to carry out three-dimensional seedling raising, described layer stereo seedling culture frame is provided with raising tray, hole, display position seedlings nursing plate, nutrient solution loop module, LED light source, carbon dioxide complementary module, temperature control modules and computer automatic control module, hole, described display position seedlings nursing plate is positioned on raising tray, described nutrient solution loop module, LED light source, carbon dioxide complementary module, temperature control modules is connected with computer automatic control module respectively, the number of plies of described layer stereo seedling culture frame is at least three layers, and described nutrient solution loop module comprises circulating pump.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described carbon dioxide complementary module comprises carbon dioxide inductor, dioxide bottle, automatic switch valve and carbon dioxide computer control module, and described carbon dioxide inductor, dioxide bottle, automatic switch valve are connected with carbon dioxide computer control module respectively.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the number of plies of described layer stereo seedling culture frame is 4 ~ 10 layers, every layer of distance 12 ~ 40cm.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The first, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, without any disease and insect pest, do not need to use any agricultural chemicals; Can realize automatic control, reduce manually and drop into; Seedling growth is fast, and seedling quality is good, within 10 days, can grow up to 2 leaf 1 hearts, and seedling leaf is thick, large, and stem is sturdy, not excessive growth, well developed root system; After transplanting, do not need slow seedling, growth is fast, gathers early, is generally 10 ~ 20 days.
The second, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the amount of growing seedlings is large, and unit interval and the area amount of growing seedlings are 8 ~ 30 times of field seedling raising amount, can accomplish scale production, and realize commercial applications, high efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Below preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Adopt this method to carry out growing seedlings of milk Chinese cabbage.
Adopt layer stereo seedling culture frame to carry out three-dimensional seedling raising, described layer stereo seedling culture frame is provided with raising tray, hole, display position seedlings nursing plate, nutrient solution loop module, LED light source, carbon dioxide complementary module, temperature control modules and computer automatic control module, hole, described display position seedlings nursing plate is positioned on raising tray, and described nutrient solution loop module, LED light source, carbon dioxide complementary module, temperature control modules are connected with computer automatic control module respectively; The number of plies of described layer stereo seedling culture frame is 10 layers, and every layer apart from 20cm.
Described nutrient solution loop module comprises circulating pump. Described carbon dioxide complementary module comprises carbon dioxide inductor, dioxide bottle, automatic switch valve and carbon dioxide computer control module, and described carbon dioxide inductor, dioxide bottle, automatic switch valve are connected with carbon dioxide computer control module respectively.
Grow seedlings according to following steps.
Steps A: the peat soil disinfecting and perlite are mixed as matrix in the ratio of 5:1, be laid on the seedlings nursing plate in hole, display position, the seedlings nursing plate of completing matrix is superimposed together, from top to bottom a little with defeating, the base projections of the seedlings nursing plate that utilization is superimposed, matrix in the hole, cave of next seedlings nursing plate is extruded to the hole, cave that approximately 0.5 ~ 0.8cm is dark, seedlings nursing plate is lifted down, can in hole, cave, sow.
Step B: broadcast 1 seed in hole, each cave, discharge the matrix of thick 0.3 ~ 0.5cm in rear tiling; Keep flat in the raising tray on seedling culture frame broadcasting the seedlings nursing plate of planting.
Step C: Ensure Liquid liquid;
The mill water culture nutrient solution of the special full nutrition of deployed leaf vegetables, commodity are called the intelligent nutrient solution that is full of, this nutrient solution contains brassicaceous vegetable all essential mineral nutrition N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo etc., and allocate in best ratio according to vegetables demand, when use according to nutrient solution: water volume ratio is 1:400 dilution nutrient solution.
Deployed nutrient solution, the bottom by nutrition liquid pump to raising tray, and nutrient solution is up oozed by the aperture of seedlings nursing plate bottom; The EC of nutrient solution is 1.0ms/cm, and pH value is 5.5, every circulation in 7 hours 1 time, each 1 hour, every day 3 times; And open air-conditioning, design temperature is 24 degrees Celsius;
Step D: light control;
Adopt white: the red LED light source that is combined as 1:1, sow after 72 hours, by computer automatic control module, LED lamp is opened, and set between intensity of illumination 6000 ~ 12000lx, setting light application time is 24 hours/day.
Sow after 120 hours, open carbon dioxide complementary module by computer automatic control module, setting gas concentration lwevel is 800 ~ 1200ppm, the good nutrient solution of the above-mentioned dilution of growing period regular replenishment, within every 3 days, supplement once, maintain the dark 5mm of nutrient solution of raising tray.
By this step, after planting 11 days, grow up to 2 leaf 1 hearts, reach the standard that is applicable to transplanting.
Embodiment 2
Adopt this method to carry out growing seedlings of Hong Kong bamboo leaf mustard.
Adopt layer stereo seedling culture frame to carry out three-dimensional seedling raising, described layer stereo seedling culture frame is provided with raising tray, hole, display position seedlings nursing plate, nutrient solution loop module, LED light source, carbon dioxide complementary module, temperature control modules and computer automatic control module, hole, described display position seedlings nursing plate is positioned on raising tray, and described nutrient solution loop module, LED light source, carbon dioxide complementary module, temperature control modules are connected with computer automatic control module respectively; The number of plies of described layer stereo seedling culture frame is 10 layers, and every layer apart from 20cm.
Described nutrient solution loop module comprises circulating pump. Described carbon dioxide complementary module comprises carbon dioxide inductor, dioxide bottle, automatic switch valve and carbon dioxide computer control module, and described carbon dioxide inductor, dioxide bottle, automatic switch valve are connected with carbon dioxide computer control module respectively.
Grow seedlings according to following steps.
Steps A: the peat soil disinfecting and perlite are mixed as matrix in the ratio of 4:1, be laid on the seedlings nursing plate in hole, display position, the seedlings nursing plate of completing matrix is superimposed together, from top to bottom a little with defeating, the base projections of the seedlings nursing plate that utilization is superimposed, matrix in the hole, cave of next seedlings nursing plate is extruded to the hole, cave that approximately 0.5 ~ 0.8cm is dark, seedlings nursing plate is lifted down, can in hole, cave, sow.
Step B: broadcast 1 seed in hole, each cave, discharge the matrix of thick 0.3 ~ 0.5cm in rear tiling; Keep flat in the raising tray on seedling culture frame broadcasting the seedlings nursing plate of planting.
Step C: Ensure Liquid liquid;
The mill water culture nutrient solution of the special full nutrition of deployed leaf vegetables, commodity are called the intelligent nutrient solution that is full of, this nutrient solution contains brassicaceous vegetable all essential mineral nutrition N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo etc., and allocate in best ratio according to vegetables demand, when use according to nutrient solution: water volume ratio is 1:200 dilution nutrient solution.
Deployed nutrient solution, the bottom by nutrition liquid pump to raising tray, and nutrient solution is up oozed by the aperture of seedlings nursing plate bottom; The EC of nutrient solution is 2.5ms/cm, and pH value is 7.0, every circulation in 7 hours 1 time, each 1 hour, every day 3 times; And open air-conditioning, design temperature is 22 degrees Celsius;
Step D: light control;
Adopt white: the red LED light source that is combined as 9:1, sow after 72 hours, by computer automatic control module, LED lamp is opened, and set between intensity of illumination 8000 ~ 12000lx, setting light application time is 20 hours/day.
Sow after 120 hours, open carbon dioxide complementary module by computer automatic control module, setting gas concentration lwevel is 800ppm, and the good nutrient solution of the above-mentioned dilution of growing period regular replenishment supplements once, maintains the dark 5mm of nutrient solution of raising tray for every 3 days.
By this step, after planting 13 days, grow up to 2 leaf 1 hearts, reach the standard that is applicable to transplanting, after transplanting, do not need slow seedling, growth is fast.
Embodiment 3
The system and device that adopts embodiment 1, carries out growing seedlings of Shanghai green grass or young crops according to following steps.
Steps A: the peat soil disinfecting and perlite are mixed as matrix in the ratio of 2.5:1, be laid on the seedlings nursing plate in hole, display position, the seedlings nursing plate of completing matrix is superimposed together, from top to bottom a little with defeating, the base projections of the seedlings nursing plate that utilization is superimposed, matrix in the hole, cave of next seedlings nursing plate is extruded to the hole, cave that approximately 0.5 ~ 0.8cm is dark, seedlings nursing plate is lifted down, can in hole, cave, sow.
Step B: broadcast 1 seed in hole, each cave, discharge the matrix of thick 0.3 ~ 0.5cm in rear tiling; Keep flat in the raising tray on seedling culture frame broadcasting the seedlings nursing plate of planting.
Step C: Ensure Liquid liquid;
The mill water culture nutrient solution of the special full nutrition of deployed leaf vegetables, commodity are called the intelligent nutrient solution that is full of, this nutrient solution contains brassicaceous vegetable all essential mineral nutrition N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo etc., and allocate in best ratio according to vegetables demand, when use according to nutrient solution: water volume ratio is 1:500 dilution nutrient solution.
Deployed nutrient solution, the bottom by nutrition liquid pump to raising tray, and nutrient solution is up oozed by the aperture of seedlings nursing plate bottom; The EC of nutrient solution is 2.0ms/cm, and pH value is 6.0, every circulation in 7 hours 1 time, each 1 hour, every day 3 times; And open air-conditioning, design temperature is 22 degrees Celsius;
Step D: light control;
Adopt white: the red LED light source that is combined as 1:1, sow after 72 hours, by computer automatic control module, LED lamp is opened, and set between intensity of illumination 6000 ~ 12000lx, setting light application time is 24 hours.
Sow after 120 hours, open carbon dioxide complementary module by computer automatic control module, setting gas concentration lwevel is 800 ~ 1200ppm, the good nutrient solution of the above-mentioned dilution of growing period regular replenishment, within every 3 days, supplement once, maintain the dark 5mm of nutrient solution of raising tray.
By this step, after planting 11 days, grow up to 2 leaf 1 hearts, reach the standard that is applicable to transplanting.
Comparative example 1
Adopting conventional method to carry out milk Chinese cabbage, Hong Kong bamboo leaf mustard, Shanghai green grass or young crops grows seedlings: in day-light greenhouse, grow seedlings, type of seeding, use matrix, nutrient solution identical with embodiment 1, employing nutrient solution waters, and waters one time of nutrition liquid every day. Adopt nature sunshine, light application time 11 ~ 13 hours, without temperature control facility, does not add carbon dioxide, 22 ~ 28 degrees Celsius of canopy temperatures. Seedling grows up to 2 leaf 1 hearts, needs 21 days time.
Comparative example 2
Carry out growing seedlings of Hong Kong bamboo leaf mustard according to the method for comparative example 1. In day-light greenhouse, grow seedlings, type of seeding, use matrix, nutrient solution identical with embodiment 1, employing nutrient solution waters, and waters one time of nutrition liquid every day. Adopt nature sunshine, light application time 11 ~ 13 hours, without temperature control facility, does not add carbon dioxide, 22 ~ 28 degrees Celsius of canopy temperatures. Seedling grows up to 2 leaf 1 hearts, needs 23 days time.
Comparative example 3
Carry out growing seedlings of Shanghai green grass or young crops according to the method for comparative example 1. In day-light greenhouse, grow seedlings, type of seeding, use matrix, nutrient solution identical with embodiment 1, employing nutrient solution waters, and waters one time of nutrition liquid every day. Adopt nature sunshine, light application time 11 ~ 13 hours, without temperature control facility, does not add carbon dioxide, 22 ~ 28 degrees Celsius of canopy temperatures. Seedling grows up to 2 leaf 1 hearts, needs 25 days time.
The result of growing seedlings that embodiment 1 ~ 3 and comparative example 1 ~ 3 are obtained compares visible, and embodiment seedling raise period is than traditional land for growing field crops or day-light greenhouse time shorten to 10 ~ 15 day, and shortening 10 left and right, can grow seedlings 2 ~ 3 times for one month; Hence one can see that, in equal time, four layers of stereoscopic multi-layer three-dimensional seedling raising of employing, unit are increases by 8 ~ 30 times than traditional land for growing field crops or the warmhouse booth amount of growing seedlings; This method has been accelerated seedling raise period greatly, and the blade of seedling is large, and seedling cane is large, seedling stalwartness, well developed root system; Without disease and pest, do not need to use any agricultural chemicals, safety; Adopt Soilless Culture Methods, sanitation and hygiene, and can realize batch production, scale breeding, and be also applicable to family and utilize indoor raising of seedling, easy to operate, produce practical.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations. For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.