CN114631466A - Environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality - Google Patents
Environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN114631466A CN114631466A CN202011487501.9A CN202011487501A CN114631466A CN 114631466 A CN114631466 A CN 114631466A CN 202011487501 A CN202011487501 A CN 202011487501A CN 114631466 A CN114631466 A CN 114631466A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality, which comprises the following steps: under the conditions of 24-26 deg.C and 60-75% of humidity, according to 5.5-22L/m2The amount of water added to the tray is thenCulturing the biomass seedling-raising plate loaded with seeds and matrix on a tray, and drying the surface of the matrix according to the ratio of 1.4-4.2L/m2The amount of (2) is repeated to add water into the tray; after the seeds germinate for 3-4 days, the seed germination is carried out according to the ratio of 1.4-4.2L/m2Adding 0.5-2.0g/L water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer into the tray; and when the surface of the matrix is dry, adding water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer repeatedly until 5-7 days before transplanting. The seedling substrate is alternately dry and wet, which is beneficial to root the seedling; the water content in the substrate and the biomass seedling raising plate is proper, and the biomass seedling raising plate is kept complete in the seedling raising process; the plastic-free planting is adopted, the germination rate is high, the root system of the obtained seedling is stronger than that of the seedling obtained by plastic disc cultivation, the transplanting survival rate is higher, and the seedling revival stage is avoided. No nutrition is wasted in the seedling raising process; the matrix filling amount is reduced; transfer hardening seedlings is not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling culture, in particular to an environment-friendly seedling culture method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality.
Background
The hole tray, also called seedling tray, has become an important apparatus in the factory production of seedlings. No matter flowers or vegetables, plug seedling is the most fundamental change of modern horticulture, and provides guarantee for quick and mass production. At present, plastic hole trays are mainly adopted in agricultural production due to the advantage of price of the plastic hole trays, but the plastic hole trays are poor in air permeability and water permeability, high in strength and high in toughness, influence the development of crop roots and are not beneficial to the growth and development of seedlings. Secondly, the plastic hole tray is difficult to degrade under natural conditions, remains in the soil to influence the soil quality and cause soil pollution. In addition, the plastic plug tray is required to be used for seedling transferring during planting, so that roots are easily damaged, seedlings are easily damaged, and the growth of the seedlings is influenced.
In order to solve the problems that the plastic plug tray is not beneficial to the growth of crops and pollutes the environment, in recent years, a degradable seedling culture container which mainly comprises a plant fiber seedling culture container and a paper seedling culture container is developed in China. The two degradable seedling raising containers have the advantages that: (1) the water permeability and the air permeability are good, the root system of the seedling is easy to penetrate, and the growth and the development of the seedling are facilitated; (2) can be transplanted together with the seedlings, and the seedling raising container is naturally degraded in the cultivation process.
When the degradable seedling culture container is manufactured, the degradable seedling culture container is formed by pressing after the degradable seedling culture container is bonded by using an adhesive, and if a chemical adhesive is used, soil can still be polluted, and soil quality is influenced; if biological adhesives such as latex and vegetable glue are adopted, the addition amount is large, and the unit price of natural glue is high, so that the manufactured degradable seedling raising container is difficult to be widely applied in agriculture due to price reasons. In addition, although the degradable seedling raising container can be degraded, the degradation period is long, and the degraded substances cannot be completely used as fertilizers to provide nutrition for plants and increase soil fertility.
The applicant has developed a new low-cost biomass seedling raising tray at present, the degradation period is shorter than that of a plant fiber seedling raising container and a paper seedling raising container, and degraded substances can be completely used as fertilizers to provide nutrition for plants and increase soil fertility. However, if the plastic tray is directly replaced without changing the seedling raising method for seedling raising, the seed germination rate is low, so that after various costs are integrated, a grower does not want to use the biomass seedling raising tray instead of the plastic tray, and the plastic-free planting is still difficult to promote.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a new environment-friendly seedling raising method is designed, so that the seed germination rate and the seedling quality of seedling raising are improved, and the plastic-free planting development is promoted.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality comprises the following steps:
under the conditions of 24-26 deg.C and 60-75% of humidity, according to 5.5-22L/m2Adding water into the tray, placing the biomass seedling tray loaded with seeds and matrix on the tray for culturing, and drying the matrix surface at a ratio of 1.4-4.2L/m2The amount of (2) is repeated to add water into the tray; after the seeds germinate for 3-4 days, the seed germination is carried out according to the ratio of 1.4-4.2L/m2Adding 0.5-2.0g/L water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer into the tray; and when the surface of the matrix is dry, repeatedly adding the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer until 5-7 days before transplanting.
Further, the adding concentration of the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer is 0.5-1.0g/L after the seeds germinate for 3-4 days until the seedlings expand the first true leaves; after the first true leaf of the seedling is unfolded, the adding concentration of the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer is 1.5-2.0 g/L.
Further, the bottom of the hole of the biomass seedling raising disk is provided with a through hole; the matrix consists of the following components in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of mushroom dregs, 1-5 parts of garden soil and 5-10 parts of perlite.
Further, the step of sowing the seeds to the biomass seedling raising plate is as follows: filling holes of the biomass seedling raising tray with a substrate with the water content of 40-70%; stacking the biomass seedling raising plates filled with the matrix, pressing downwards to form a pit with the depth of 0.2-0.5cm on the surface of the matrix in the hole, sowing the pits, and finally covering the surface of the hole with the matrix of 2-5 mm.
Further, the number of the stacked biomass seedling raising plates is 6-8; after sowing, redundant matrix on the surface of the biomass seedling raising plate is swept away, so that the plate lattices of the biomass seedling raising plate are exposed.
Further, when the germination time of the seeds is more than or equal to 4 days, the seeds are sown after pregermination and pregermination till 65-75% of the seeds are exposed to white.
Further, when transplanting, firstly soaking the biomass seedling raising tray in a water tank containing liquid medicine, so that the liquid medicine can soak and disinfect the root systems of the seedlings; after the biological material seedling raising tray is completely soaked with the liquid medicine, the biological material seedling raising tray is planted in time and watered with root fixing water.
Further, the biomass seedling raising tray is formed by inoculating fungi after mixing the following components in parts by weight and performing growth kinking: 40-50 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of wheat straw, 18 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 1 part of quicklime and 1 part of gypsum.
Further, water or a water-soluble balanced compound special fertilizer is added into the tray through a drip irrigation water adding device.
Further, the tray is placed on a seedling bed, and the seedling bed is formed through soil preparation and horizontal calibration; the plane area of each biomass seedling raising plate is 0.08-0.25m2(ii) a 1-12 biomass seedling raising plates are placed on each tray.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: during the whole growth period, the fertilizer application and the water addition are carried out for a few times, and the biomass seedling raising plate and the seedling raising matrix are alternately dry and wet, so that the rooting of seedlings is facilitated; the water content in the substrate and the biomass seedling raising plate is proper, the structure of the biomass seedling raising plate is kept complete in the seedling raising process, and the collapse phenomenon is avoided; the problem of germination rate is not high when adopting environmental protection living beings seedling tray to grow seedlings is solved, germination rate and the germination rate when using the plastic tray are equivalent, but the root system of the obtained seedling is sturdier than that of the seedling that the plastic tray was cultivated, and the survival rate of transplanting is higher, and does not have the seedling revival stage. The water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer used in the seedling raising process is basically utilized by seedlings, and the nutrient elements are not wasted; the filling amount of the matrix is about 1/5 of the filling amount of a plastic disc with the same specification, and the use cost of the matrix is reduced. The seedling hardening is directly carried out on the tray without finding another place for transfer or adding manpower for carrying, so that a large amount of manpower and material resource cost is saved; but also reduces accidental mechanical damage to the seedlings during operation. The used tray can be recycled.
Detailed Description
The solution of the invention will be further explained according to the technical content, the objects achieved and the embodiments of the invention:
examples
An environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality comprises the following steps:
1. seed selection and pregermination
For seeds with germination of not more than 4 days, direct sowing is adopted; for the seeds with germination for more than 4 days, the seeds are sown after pregermination, and 65-75% of the seeds can be sown after exposure to white.
2. Biomass seedling raising tray matrix filling
2.1 checking holes at the bottom of the biomass seedling raising tray before using, and ensuring that each hole is communicated so that the substrate can absorb water quickly.
2.2 the biomass seedling raising plates are arranged on the flat ground in order.
2.3, uniformly and lightly scattering the biomass matrix with the water content of 40-70% on the surface of the biomass seedling raising plate by using a flat shovel; the water content of the matrix is preferably 60%.
2.4, a soft broom is used for gently sweeping the matrixes on the surface of the biomass seedling raising disc back and forth, the matrixes are preferably filled in each hole, and the redundant matrixes are gently swept away until the grids of the hole disc are clear and visible.
2.5 piling 6-8 biomass seedling raising disks filled with the substrate together, pressing the uppermost biomass seedling raising disk with two hands and pressing downwards, wherein the bottom of the upper biomass seedling raising disk can press a pit with the depth of about 0.2-0.5cm at the corresponding position on the substrate surface of the lower biomass seedling raising disk.
3. Biomass seedling raising disc seeding
Putting seeds into the pits; after the seeds are sown, covering 2-5mm of matrix on the surface layer of the holes of the biomass seedling raising tray, and slightly scraping the redundant matrix on the surface of the biomass seedling raising tray by using a scraper till the grids of the hole tray are clearly visible, namely the tray grids are exposed.
4. Seedling raising technology based on biomass seedling raising plate
4.1 placing special culture tray on the ground of the seedling bed with corrected level according to 5.5-22L/m2The amount of water added to each tray is about 0.5cm-3cm deep, and the first water addition is preferably 16.7L/m2Adding water by adopting a drip irrigation water adding device, wherein the water adding time is 15-45 min. The sown biomass seedling raising trays are placed in the trays in sequence in a soft and flat manner, the substrate absorbs water automatically through the water absorbing holes at the bottom, and the substrate can be completely watered in 1-10 hours; culturing at 24-26 deg.C under relative humidity of 60-75%, and drying the surface of the substrate in the holes (without moistening feeling by hand) at a ratio of 1.4-4.2L/m2The water is added repeatedly, and the process is circulated. Preferably, the water is repeatedly added in an amount of 2.2L/m2。
4.2 fertilization of the seedlings was started 3-4 days after germination of the seeds (at which 65-75% of the cotyledons of the seeds were spread), the fertilizer was added to the water at 1.4-4.2L/m2Applying 0.5-1g/L concentration of water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer on a single tray; when the surface of the matrix in the hole is dry (no moisture feeling is felt by hands), the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer is repeatedly applied. Water (W)The soluble balanced compound fertilizer is completed by drip irrigation along with water addition, water is not added separately after fertilization, water and fertilizer integration is realized, water addition needs to be carried out for a small amount of times in the whole growth period, and dry and wet processes are carried out alternately, so that rooting of seedlings is facilitated.
4.3 the seedling is unfolded with the first true leaf till 5-7 days before transplantation and field planting, the application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer is increased according to 1.4-4.2L/m2The water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 1.5-2.0g/L is applied to a single tray; when the surface of the matrix in the hole is dry (no moisture feeling is felt by hands), the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer is repeatedly applied.
5. Transplanting and field planting
And (5) stopping adding water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer and water 5-7 days before transplanting the seedlings, airing the seedlings in a tray and hardening the seedlings, and facilitating the carrying and transplanting of the biomass seedling raising tray. When the field is transplanted, digging a water pool in advance, adding water into the water pool and mixing the medicines; soaking the biomass seedling raising tray in a water pool containing liquid medicine to enable the liquid medicine to soak and disinfect root systems of the seedlings; after the biological seedling raising tray is completely soaked with the liquid medicine, timely transplanting the seedlings and pouring root fixing water.
In the embodiment, the area of each biomass seedling raising plate is 0.08-0.25m2(ii) a 1-12 biomass seedling raising plates are placed on each tray. The biomass seedling raising tray is formed by inoculating fungi to grow and kink after mixing the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of wheat straw, 18 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 1 part of quicklime and 1 part of gypsum. The matrix consists of the following components in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of mushroom dregs, 1-5 parts of garden soil and 5-10 parts of perlite.
To further discuss the beneficial effects of the present invention, further explanation is made according to the following test examples:
in the following test examples, the adopted biomass seedling raising tray is formed by inoculating oyster mushroom to grow kinks after mixing the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of wheat straw, 18 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 1 part of quicklime and 1 part of gypsum. The size of the biomass seedling raising plate is 37cm multiplied by 28 cm; the tray size is: 90cm × 40 cm. Three biomass seedling raising plates are sequentially placed on each tray.
The biomass seedling raising plate has the following structure: comprises a supporting part and a connecting part; the supporting part is provided with a through hole and a U-shaped cavity for loading a culture substrate; the through hole is positioned at the bottom of the U-shaped cavity body, and the U-shaped cavity body is also communicated with the outside of the supporting part through the through hole; the supporting part is provided with M rows and N rows, and the M rows and the N rows are all fixed on the connecting part; a gap exists between the outer walls of the two adjacent supporting parts, wherein M, N are natural numbers, N is larger than or equal to 1, and M is larger than or equal to 1. The connecting part is flat, and hollow grooves with the number matched with that of the supporting parts are arranged on the connecting part; the supporting part is fixed in the hollow groove close to the opening end of the U-shaped cavity body; the thickness of the connecting part is A, the height of the supporting part perpendicular to the plane direction of the connecting part is B, wherein A is more than or equal to 0.5cm and less than or equal to 0.5B, and B is more than or equal to 2 cm.
The sown tomato seeds and pepper seeds are subjected to pregermination by the following method: soaking in 40-45 deg.C warm water for 8-12h, wrapping with wet gauze, standing at 30 deg.C for accelerating germination at constant temperature, taking out every 6h, cleaning with clear water until about 70% of seeds are exposed to white, and sowing; and (5) manually sowing the seeds one by one in each hole.
Test example 1
An environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality comprises the following steps:
1) the biomass seedling raising plate is inspected, and the bottom of a hole of the biomass seedling raising plate is ensured to be a through hole, so that the substrate can absorb water quickly.
2) The steps of sowing seeds to a biomass seedling raising plate are as follows: filling holes of the biomass seedling raising tray with a substrate with the water content of 40%; stacking the biomass seedling raising plates filled with the matrix for 6-8 layers, pressing downwards to form a pit with the depth of 0.2-0.5cm on the surface of the matrix in the hole, sowing the pits, and finally covering the surface of the hole with the matrix of 2-5mm, wherein seeds are preferably not visible; after sowing, redundant matrix on the surface of the biomass seedling raising tray is swept away, so that tray lattices of the biomass seedling raising tray are exposed. The adopted matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 15 parts of mushroom dregs, 5 parts of garden soil and 10 parts of perlite.
3) Adding onto the tray at 24-26 deg.C and humidity of 60-75%Adding 5.5L/m of water2Placing a biomass seedling raising tray loaded with seeds and a matrix on a tray, and enabling the matrix to absorb water through a through hole at the bottom of a hole of the biomass seedling raising tray for about 10 hours; when the surface of the substrate is dry (the substrate in the hole has no moist feeling), 1.4L/m of water is repeatedly added2. After the seeds germinate for 3-4 days (about 70 percent of cotyledons of the seeds are unfolded), if the surface of the matrix is dry, 0.5L of water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5g/L is added into the tray; when the surface of the matrix is dry, 0.5L of water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5g/L is repeatedly added; after the first true leaf of the seedling is unfolded, the adding concentration of the water-soluble balance compound fertilizer is adjusted to be 1.5g/L, and when the surface of the matrix is dry, 0.5L of the water-soluble balance compound fertilizer with the concentration of 1.5g/L is repeatedly added until 7 days before transplanting. And adding water or water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer into the tray through a drip irrigation water adding device.
4) Transplanting after 7d seedling hardening: firstly, soaking a biomass seedling raising plate in a water tank containing liquid medicine to enable the liquid medicine to perform soaking disinfection treatment on seedling roots; after the biomass seedling raising plate is completely soaked with the liquid medicine, the biomass seedling raising plate is planted in time and watered with rooting water.
Test example 2
An environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality comprises the following steps:
1) and inspecting the biomass seedling raising disk, and ensuring that the bottom of the hole of the biomass seedling raising disk is a through hole.
2) The steps of sowing seeds to a biomass seedling raising plate are as follows: filling holes of the biomass seedling raising tray with a substrate with the water content of 70%; stacking the biomass seedling raising plates filled with the matrix for 6-8 layers, pressing downwards to form a pit with the depth of 0.2-0.5cm on the surface of the matrix in the hole, sowing the pits, and finally covering the surface of the hole with the matrix of 2-5mm, wherein seeds are preferably not visible; after sowing, redundant matrix on the surface of the biomass seedling raising tray is swept away, so that tray lattices of the biomass seedling raising tray are exposed. The adopted matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 20 parts of mushroom dregs, 1 part of garden soil and 5 parts of perlite.
3) Adding 22.2L/m water into the tray at 24-26 deg.C and humidity of 60-75%2Will be loaded with seeds and basesThe biomass seedling raising plate is placed on the tray, the substrate absorbs water through the through holes at the bottom of the holes of the biomass seedling raising plate, and all the water is supplied for about 1 hour; when the surface of the substrate is dry (the substrate in the hole has no moist feeling), 4.2L/m of water is repeatedly added2. After the seeds germinate for 3-4 days (about 70 percent of the cotyledons of the seeds are unfolded), if the surface of the matrix is dry, 1.5L of water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 1.0g/L is added into the tray; when the surface of the matrix is dry, 1.5L of water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 1.0g/L is repeatedly added; after the first true leaf of the seedling is unfolded, the adding concentration of the water-soluble balance compound fertilizer is adjusted to be 2.0g/L, and when the surface of the matrix is dry, 1.5L of the water-soluble balance compound fertilizer with the concentration of 2.0g/L is repeatedly added until 7 days before transplanting. And adding water or water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer into the tray through a drip irrigation water adding device.
4) Transplanting after 7d seedling hardening: firstly, soaking a biomass seedling raising plate in a water tank containing liquid medicine to enable the liquid medicine to perform soaking disinfection treatment on seedling roots; after the biological material seedling raising tray is completely soaked with the liquid medicine, the biological material seedling raising tray is planted in time and watered with root fixing water.
Comparative example 1
An environment-friendly seedling raising method is different from the method in the test example 1 in that perlite is not contained in the used substrate, and other conditions are the same.
Comparative example 2
An environment-friendly seedling raising method is different from the method in test example 1 in that the water content of the used substrate is 80%, and other conditions are the same.
Comparative example 3
An environment-friendly seedling raising method is different from the method in test example 1 in that the water adding amount (namely the first water adding amount) on a single tray is 10L before a biomass seedling raising tray is placed on the tray, and other conditions are the same.
Comparative example 4
An environment-friendly seedling raising method is different from the method in test example 1 in that the water content of the used substrate is 30 percent, and other conditions are the same. In the comparative example, because the water content of the matrix is low, the matrix is over-dried, and after 24 hours of soaking, the matrix in the holes of the seedling tray still has 1/3 without full water absorption, the germination rate is lower than 50%, and the significance of continuous demonstration is not realized, so that after the statistics of the germination rate is finished, the subsequent cultivation is not carried out.
Comparative example 5
An environment-friendly seedling raising method is different from the method in test example 1 in that the water adding amount (namely the first water adding amount) on a single tray is 1L before a biomass seedling raising tray is placed on the tray, and other conditions are the same. In the comparative example, the bottom of the culture tray was just covered with water due to the small amount of water added, 1/2 in the holes of the seedling tray did not absorb water after 3 days, the germination rate was less than 50%, no significance was demonstrated, and no subsequent cultivation was performed.
Firstly, the same batch of tomato seeds are cultivated by using a biomass seedling cultivation plate (48 holes) and adopting the seedling cultivation methods of the test examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-5, the seeds are subjected to germination acceleration, three plates are sowed in each group, 144 seeds/group are counted, the germination rate of the seeds of the test examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-5 is counted on the 5 th day after sowing, the seedling agronomic parameters (plant height, stem thickness, root fresh weight and ground fresh weight) are counted at the 45 th day, and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 example and comparative examples tomato seed germination rates and seedling agronomic parameters
As can be seen from Table 1, the seedling raising method provided by the invention can effectively improve the germination rate and seedling quality of tomato seeds.
Secondly, the same batch of pepper seeds are subjected to seedling raising by using a biomass seedling raising tray (48 holes) and adopting the seedling raising method of the experimental example 1 and a conventional plastic plug seedling raising method (72 holes), the seeds are subjected to germination acceleration, three trays are sown in each group, the germination rate of the seeds is counted in 5d days after sowing, seedling agronomic parameters (plant height, thick stem, fresh weight of roots, long roots and fresh weight on the ground) are counted in 45d, the survival rate is counted in 10d of transplanting, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison result of seedling raising effect of pepper-based biomass seedling raising tray and seedling raising effect of traditional plastic tray
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the pepper seedlings cultured by the conventional plastic plug tray, the pepper seedlings cultured by the seedling culturing method greatly promote the growth of the root system, the fresh weight of the root is higher than 44%, the root length is higher than 94%, the fresh weight of the ground is higher than 34%, strong seedlings are cultured, the transplanting survival rate is high, and no seedling revival stage exists basically.
Thirdly, using a biomass seedling raising tray (48 holes) to carry out seedling raising on the same batch of dianthus chinensis seeds by adopting the seedling raising method of the experimental example 1 and a conventional plastic hole tray (72 holes) seedling raising method, directly sowing the seeds, sowing three trays in each group, counting the germination rate of the seeds 5d after sowing, counting seedling agronomic parameters (plant height, thick stem, fresh weight of root, long root and fresh weight on the ground) 45d, and counting the survival rate by transplanting 10d, wherein the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of the seedling effect of the Dianthus caryophyllus biomass seedling tray with that of the plastic tray
As can be seen from table 3, the seedling raising method of the present invention combines the biomass seedling raising tray to raise the seedling of the pink, compared with the seedling of the pink raised by the conventional plastic plug tray, the root growth is greatly promoted, the fresh weight of the root is 276.3% higher, the root length is 160.6% higher, the fresh weight on the ground is 99.7% higher, the strong seedling is raised, the transplanting survival rate is high, and the seedling reviving period is substantially not existed.
In conclusion, the environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the seed germination rate and the seedling quality provided by the invention has the advantages that the substrate in the biomass seedling raising tray can absorb water rapidly, namely the seeds can absorb water rapidly, but cannot be soaked to be rotten, and the germination rate is ensured. In the whole growth period, the fertilization and water addition are carried out for a small number of times, and the seedling culture substrate is alternately wet and dry, so that the rooting of seedlings is facilitated; the water content in the substrate and the biomass seedling raising plate is proper, the structure of the biomass seedling raising plate is kept complete in the seedling raising process, and the biomass seedling raising plate does not collapse; plastic garbage is not generated in the planting process, and the problem of low germination rate when an environment-friendly biomass seedling raising tray is used for raising seedlings is solved; the germination rate is equivalent to that when a plastic disc is used, but the obtained seedling root system is stronger than that of the seedling cultured by the plastic disc, the transplanting survival rate is higher, and the seedling revival stage is avoided. The water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer used in the seedling raising process can be basically utilized by seedlings, and no nutrient elements are wasted; the filling amount of the matrix is about 1/5 of the filling amount of a plastic disc with the same specification, and the use cost of the matrix is reduced. The used culture tray can be recycled; the seedling exercising is directly carried out on the culture tray without finding another place and transferring, and the manual moving is not needed, so that a large amount of manpower and material resource cost is saved; but also reduces accidental mechanical damage to the seedlings during operation.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality is characterized by comprising the following steps:
under the conditions of 24-26 deg.C and 60-75% of humidity, according to 5.5-22L/m2Adding water into the tray, placing the biomass seedling raising tray loaded with seeds and matrix on the tray for culturing, and drying the matrix surface according to the proportion of 1.4-4.2L/m2The amount of (2) is repeated to add water into the tray; after the seeds germinate for 3-4 days, the seed germination is carried out according to the ratio of 1.4-4.2L/m2Adding 0.5-2.0g/L water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer into the tray; and when the surface of the matrix is dry, repeatedly adding the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer until 5-7 days before transplanting.
2. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the seed germination rate and the seedling quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition concentration of the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer is 0.5-1.0g/L after the seeds germinate for 3-4 days until the seedlings expand the first true leaves; after the first true leaf of the seedling is unfolded, the adding concentration of the water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer is 1.5-2.0 g/L.
3. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the seed germination rate and the seedling quality as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the bottom of the hole of the biomass seedling raising tray is a through hole; the matrix consists of the following components in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of mushroom dregs, 1-5 parts of garden soil and 5-10 parts of perlite.
4. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of seeds and the quality of seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the step of sowing the seeds into the biomass seedling raising tray comprises the following steps: filling holes of the biomass seedling raising tray with a substrate with the water content of 40-70%; stacking the biomass seedling raising plates filled with the matrix, pressing downwards to form a pit with the depth of 0.2-0.5cm on the surface of the matrix in the hole, sowing the pits, and finally covering the surface of the hole with the matrix of 2-5 mm.
5. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the seed germination rate and the seedling quality as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of the stacked biomass seedling raising trays is 6-8; after sowing, redundant matrix on the surface of the biomass seedling raising tray is swept away, so that tray lattices of the biomass seedling raising tray are exposed.
6. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the germination rate and seedling quality of seeds as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the germination time of the seeds is greater than or equal to 4 days, the seeds are sown after pregermination and pregermination till 65-75% of the seeds are exposed to white.
7. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the seed germination rate and the seedling quality as claimed in any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein during transplanting, the biomass seedling raising tray is soaked in a water tank containing a liquid medicine, so that the liquid medicine is used for soaking and disinfecting the root system of the seedling; after the biological material seedling raising tray is completely soaked with the liquid medicine, the biological material seedling raising tray is planted in time and watered with root fixing water.
8. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of seeds and the quality of seedlings according to claim 7, wherein the biomass seedling raising tray is formed by inoculating fungi after being mixed according to the following components in parts by weight and then forming a growth kink: 40-50 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of wheat straw, 18 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 1 part of quicklime and 1 part of gypsum.
9. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality as claimed in claim 7, wherein water or water-soluble balanced compound fertilizer is added to the tray by a drip irrigation water adding device.
10. The environment-friendly seedling raising method for improving seed germination rate and seedling quality as claimed in claim 7, wherein the tray is placed on a seedling raising bed, and the seedling raising bed is prepared and horizontally calibrated; the plane area of each biomass seedling raising plate is 0.08-0.25m2(ii) a 1-12 biomass seedling raising trays are placed on each tray.
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