CN211153086U

CN211153086U - Direct-seeding rice seedling culture system

Info

Publication number: CN211153086U
Application number: CN201921868778.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周静; 孟桂元; 金晨钟
Original assignee: Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology
Current assignee: Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-11-01
Filing date: 2019-11-01
Publication date: 2020-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-01

Abstract

The utility model provides a rice direct seeding and seedling raising system, which comprises a floating cushion and an upper cover, wherein the floating cushion is made of a hollow sealing pipe, buoyancy adjusting fillers are injected in the sealing pipe, the upper cover is arranged on the floating cushion, a straw cushion is placed on the upper cover, and a nutrition pot is placed at the top of the straw cushion; after adopting above-mentioned scheme, the floating mat is placed on the nutrient solution, and the buoyancy adjustment filler is used for adjusting the buoyancy of floating mat, makes the cultivateing personnel can adjust the buoyancy of floating mat according to the water demand characteristic of crop, adjusts the degree of depth that nutrition alms bowl or nutrition dish soaked the nutrient solution, makes its growth that more is favorable to the crop, and the straw mat adopts agricultural waste resources to recycle.

Description

Direct-seeding rice seedling culture system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a rice cultivation especially indicates a direct seeding and seedling culture system of rice.

Background

With the further development and maturity of urbanization, urban population is more and more, and the arable land of China reaches the limit, namely people face the reduction of agricultural arable land. The population is increased, the cultivated land is reduced, but the quality of life of people is not reduced, so that the development of modern agriculture is accelerated. At present, modern agriculture is rapidly developed in the fields of gardening, vegetables and the like, a seedling tray plays a considerable role, and the essential article applied to modern gardening is just an important article for providing vegetables and flowers for people. Educate seedling tray's advantage: the seedling raising plate can artificially cultivate seeds, so that the seed consumption is saved, the production cost is saved, and the production cost is finally reduced; the seed viability is ensured, the seedlings emerge neatly and beautifully, and the growth consistency of the plant seedlings is maintained, so that the absorption of nutrient components such as chemical fertilizers and the like in the growth process of the plants is more uniform, and the growers can better manage and observe the growth of the plants; the nutrient medium is only provided for 1-2 seedlings in each seedling hole, so that the seedlings are full in growth nutrition, strong in seedling emergence and developed in root system; when the seedlings are transplanted, the damage to the root system can be reduced due to the particularity of the seedling raising plate, the seedlings are quickly revived, and the survival rate of the seedlings is greatly improved; the device can be particularly matched with various manual and automatic seeders and transplanters for use, is convenient for centralized management and improves the working efficiency. At present, the food safety problem is increasingly prominent, the agricultural chemical input and the attention degree are also higher, and how to use safer products to put into agricultural production becomes a general research topic.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to provide a direct seeding of rice system of growing seedlings that can be applicable to all kinds of rice.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a technical solution: a rice direct seeding and seedling raising cultivation system comprises a floating cushion and an upper cover, wherein the floating cushion is made of a hollow sealing tube, buoyancy adjusting fillers are injected into the sealing tube, the upper cover is installed on the floating cushion, a straw mat is placed on the upper cover, and a nutrition pot is placed at the top of the straw mat; the nutrition bowl comprises a bowl cylinder enclosed by a fan-shaped panel, the bottom of the bowl cylinder is bent towards the center and then is fixedly connected through a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of vertically-penetrating water filtering holes, and the side wall of the bowl cylinder is provided with a plurality of connecting holes; the bowl cylinder is filled with nutrient soil, the top of the bowl cylinder is folded inwards to form a bowl body edge pressing, and the bowl body edge pressing is connected and fixed with the top cover.

The bowl cylinder is in a cylinder shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, the fan-shaped panel is made of coarse fiber hard paper products prepared by grinding straw stalks and shrub weeds, and the nutrient soil is formed by mixing wormcast, humus and organic matters.

The top cover is fixed on the top of the edge pressing of the pot body, and a linear or cross-shaped seed inlet is arranged at the center of the top cover.

Hemp ropes are connected in series in the connecting holes, the pot barrels are connected through the corresponding hemp ropes to form a seedling raising tray, and the end parts of the hemp ropes are connected with the floating pad.

The straw mat is formed by bundling a plurality of straw bundles, the size of the straw mat is 1.5m-2m square, and the straw bundles are formed by bundling straws, intermountain weeds, reeds and wheat straws into a cylindrical body with the diameter of 50-80 mm.

The floating pad is square, the upper cover is positioned in the inner cavity of the floating pad, the edge of the upper cover is bent outwards to form a lap edge, the lap edge is supported by the top of the floating pad, and the buoyancy adjusting filler is sand or soil.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the floating pad is placed on the nutrient solution, the buoyancy adjusting filler is used for adjusting the buoyancy of the floating pad, the cultivation personnel can adjust the buoyancy of the floating pad according to the water demand characteristic of crops, the depth of the nutrition pot or the nutrition disc immersed in the nutrient solution is adjusted, the nutrition pot or the nutrition disc is more favorable for the growth of the crops, the straw pad adopts agricultural waste resources to recycle, simultaneously, the coarse fibers such as crop straws, hemp stems, shrub weeds and the like are ground to be made into hard paper products of the coarse fibers, the hard paper products are used for making single seedling pots, the hemp ropes on the single seedling pots can connect the single seedling pot into the seedling tray, the separation of the matrix and the seedling pot can be realized when the seedling pot is manually transplanted or mechanically transplanted, the ring seedling pot is directly transplanted to the field, the seedling is relatively raised with plastic soft disks, the environment-friendly seedling tray is more convenient for seedling throwing and mechanical transplanting, almost has zero damage to seedling root systems, the problem that the root system is connected with the root system hardly occurs during mechanical rice transplanting, and meanwhile, the seedling raising tray is pollution-free and degradable to the farmland and pollution-free to the farmland environment.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the floating mat of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the nutrition pot of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings, and the preferred embodiment of the present invention is: referring to fig. 1 and 2, the system for cultivating the direct-seeding rice seedlings comprises a floating mat 11 and an upper cover 22, wherein the floating mat 11 is made of a hollow sealing tube, a buoyancy adjusting filler 33 is injected into the sealing tube, the floating mat 11 is in a square frame shape, the upper cover 22 is positioned in an inner cavity of the floating mat 11, the edge of the upper cover 22 is bent outwards to form a lap joint edge, the lap joint edge is supported by the top of the floating mat 11, and the buoyancy adjusting filler 33 is sand or soil; the upper cover 22 is arranged on the floating mat 11, the grass mat 44 is arranged on the upper cover 22, the grass mat 44 is formed by bundling a plurality of grass bundles, the size of the grass mat 44 is 1.5m-2m square, and the grass bundles are bundled into a cylindrical body with the diameter of 50-80mm by straws, intermountain weeds, reeds and wheat straws. A nutrition pot is arranged on the top of the straw mat 44; the nutrition pot comprises a pot cylinder 1 enclosed by a fan-shaped panel, the pot cylinder 1 is in a cylinder shape with a large top and a small bottom, the fan-shaped panel is made of coarse fiber hard paper products prepared by grinding rice straw stalks and shrub weeds, and the nutrition soil is formed by mixing wormcast, humus and organic matters; the bottom of the bowl cylinder 1 is bent towards the center and then is fixedly connected through a bottom plate 2, the bottom plate 2 is provided with water filtering holes 3 which are more than 2 and penetrate through the bottom and the top, and the side wall of the bowl cylinder 1 is provided with connecting holes 4 which are more than 2; hemp ropes are connected in series in the connecting holes 4, the plurality of pot cylinders 1 are connected through the corresponding hemp ropes to form a seedling raising tray, and the end parts of the hemp ropes are connected with the floating mat 11; the pot barrel 1 is filled with nutrient soil, the top of the pot barrel is folded inwards to form a pot body edge pressing 5, the pot body edge pressing 5 is fixedly connected with a top cover 6, the top cover 6 is fixed at the top of the pot body edge pressing 5, and a linear or cross-shaped seed inlet 7 is arranged at the center of the top cover 6.

The seeding method adopting the device comprises the following steps:

1) finishing the test direct seeding field according to the requirement, and targeting 600kg-1200 kg/mu decomposed farmyard manure, 58.33-75 kg/mu calcium superphosphate and 11.67-15 kg/mu potassium chloride to 0-20cm below the soil surface when finishing the field to serve as base fertilizer; the concrete requirements are as follows: the direct seeding test field is opened according to the width specification of 1.5m-2.0m, the thickness of the leveling slurry on the compartment surface is 2.0-2.5cm, no open water, no weed and no sundries exist, and water exists in the ditch.

2) And weaving the straw mat. Sealing and covering dry straws or intermodal weeds, reeds and wheat straws with a black film under the condition that the outside temperature in summer is above 30 ℃, and sterilizing at high temperature for 30-35 days to kill worm eggs and germs parasitized on the straws; then bundling into a cylindrical straw mat with the diameter of 50-80mm and the length of 1.5-2.0m, and flatly paving on the compartment surface; the straw mat is supported by the floating material, and the depth of the straw mat entering water can be adjusted by adjusting the floating material.

3) And manufacturing the growth-promoting seedling-raising nutrition pot. Putting the wormcast into an environment-friendly nutrition pot, sowing the rice seeds with accelerated germination into a growth-promoting seedling-raising nutrition pot according to 1-2 grains per hole, and inlaying the nutrition pot into a straw mat according to the cultivation density to enable the pot bottom to be in contact with the compartment surface slurry.

4) And (5) cultivating and managing. Water content management: in the seedling stage of the whole growth period, irrigation water enters the ditch, water is controlled in the ditch, and a water layer of about 0-4cm is arranged on the surface of the compartment, so that the bottom of the nutrition pot is contacted with slurry, and meanwhile, water can be sucked in to provide water required by the growth and development of seeds. And (3) stopping irrigation when tillering of the rice reaches enough seedlings in a field sunning period, wherein the field sunning time is about 5-10 days generally, and chicken claw-shaped cracks appear on mud surfaces in the sun-dried ditch. And in other growth periods of the seedling removing period and the field drying period, keeping the test direct seeding field dry and wet, namely irrigating water to about 4-10cm above the surface of the compartment, naturally drying a water layer until the water ditch is in a water-free state, keeping the direct seeding field mud in a water-free state for 3-5 days without cracking the field block, then re-watering to 4-10cm above the surface of the compartment, naturally drying, and circularly circulating dry, wet and wet until the field is harvested in the mature period.

5) And fertilizer management: in the whole growth period, nitrogen fertilizer is applied by urea solution according to the leaf color diagnosis of rice, and the total amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer is 18 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is applied at one time by taking calcium superphosphate as a base fertilizer, and the total amount of pure phosphorus is 7-9 kg/mu; the potassium fertilizer is applied by potassium chloride, the total amount of pure potassium is 15-18 kg/mu, wherein 50 percent of the potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 5 times of potassium fertilizer is applied by dissolving in water from 50 percent of flowering period to four-leaf period, 10 percent of potassium fertilizer is applied every time, and the average time is 8-10 days/time. The method for diagnosing the leaf color of the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following steps: according to a leaf color difference method of top 3 leaves and top 4 leaves of a Lingxian team, namely in a rice growth period, a chlorophyll instrument SPAD-502 is used for measuring three leaf color differences of top 3 leaves and top 4 leaves of a rice population, wherein the SPAD values of the top 3 leaves and the top 4 leaves are top 3 and top 4, the top 4 is less than the top 3, the top 4= the top 3, and the top 4 is more than the top 3, and the physiological responses of nitrogen deficiency, normal and excess are obtained. Monitoring the leaf color difference between the top 4 and the top 3 of the rice population in real time, and applying a small amount of urea solution when the top 4 is less than the top 3 until the top 4 is equal to the top 3, and circulating. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: dissolving nitrogen fertilizer and 50% potassium fertilizer required by rice into irrigation water for multiple times in small amount, and irrigating the solution into a test direct seeding field to ensure that the rice fully absorbs required nutrient elements and reduce the loss of the fertilizer.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that all the changes made according to the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a rice direct seeding and seedling raising cultivation system which characterized in that: the floating mat comprises a floating mat (11) and an upper cover (22), wherein the floating mat (11) is made of a hollow sealing tube, a buoyancy adjusting filler (33) is injected into the sealing tube, the upper cover (22) is installed on the floating mat (11), a straw mat (44) is placed on the upper cover (22), and a nutrition pot is placed at the top of the straw mat (44); the nutrition bowl comprises a bowl cylinder (1) enclosed by a fan-shaped panel, the bottom of the bowl cylinder (1) is bent towards the center and then is fixedly connected through a bottom plate (2), the bottom plate (2) is provided with water filtering holes (3) which are more than 2 and penetrate through the bottom and the top, and the side wall of the bowl cylinder (1) is provided with connecting holes (4) which are more than 2; the pot cylinder (1) is filled with nutrient soil, the top of the pot cylinder is folded inwards to form a pot body edge pressing (5), and the pot body edge pressing (5) is connected and fixed with the top cover (6).

2. The rice direct seeding and seedling raising cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bowl cylinder (1) is in a cylinder shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, a fan-shaped panel adopts a crude fiber hard paper product prepared by grinding straw stalks and shrub weeds, and nutrient soil is formed by mixing wormcast, humus and organic matters.

3. The rice direct seeding and seedling raising cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top cover (6) is fixed on the top of the pot body edge pressing (5), and a linear or cross-shaped seed inlet (7) is arranged at the center of the top cover (6).

4. The rice direct seeding and seedling raising cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: hemp ropes are connected in series in the connecting holes (4), the pot barrels (1) are connected through the corresponding hemp ropes to form a seedling raising tray, and the end parts of the hemp ropes are connected with the floating pad (11).

5. The rice direct seeding and seedling raising cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw mat (44) is formed by bundling a plurality of straw bundles, the size of the straw mat (44) is 1.5m-2m square, and the straw bundles are bundled into a cylindrical body with the diameter of 50-80mm by straws, intermountain weeds, reeds and wheat straws.

6. The rice direct seeding and seedling raising cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the floating pad (11) is in a square frame shape, the upper cover (22) is located in an inner cavity of the floating pad (11), the edge of the upper cover (22) is bent outwards to form a lap edge, the lap edge is supported by the top of the floating pad (11), and the buoyancy adjusting filler (33) is sand or soil.