CN114793828A - Tobacco seedling culture medium and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Tobacco seedling culture medium and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793828A CN114793828A CN202210465998.7A CN202210465998A CN114793828A CN 114793828 A CN114793828 A CN 114793828A CN 202210465998 A CN202210465998 A CN 202210465998A CN 114793828 A CN114793828 A CN 114793828A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention provides a tobacco seedling raising substrate and a preparation method and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco seedling raising. The tobacco seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 90.6 to 93.6 percent of organic and inorganic substances, 1.9 to 2.4 percent of water-retaining agent, 2.5 to 5 percent of modified ceramsite and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of composite microbial inoculum; the organic and inorganic substances comprise the following components: 65-75% of mountain sand, 20-30% of turf and 5% of perlite; the composite microbial agent consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-3) to (1-3); the modified ceramsite is obtained by performing acid etching, microwave treatment, water washing, drying, seedling culture nutrient solution soaking and drying on the ceramsite. The tobacco seedling culture substrate provided by the invention is used for culturing tobacco seedlings, multiple fertilization is not needed, the pesticide consumption can be reduced, and more robust tobacco seedlings can be cultured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco seedling raising, and particularly relates to a tobacco seedling raising matrix and a preparation and use method thereof.
Background
Tobacco is one of the main economic crops in China, and with the development of modern tobacco agriculture, the traditional tobacco leaf production mode is gradually developed towards scale, intensification and specialization. The tobacco seedling culture is a key link in the tobacco production process, has high emergence rate, regular and robust tobacco seedlings, good resistance and proper seedling age, and is a precondition for obtaining high-efficiency, high-quality, high-yield and low-cost tobacco leaves. Supplying proper amount of nutrients and trace elements, strengthening the nutrient management of tobacco seedling, promoting the growth and development of tobacco seedling, cultivating strong seedling and raising the resistance of tobacco seedling. At present, in order to enable tobacco seedlings to grow better, a method of applying pesticides and fertilizers for multiple times is mainly adopted, so that the pesticides and the fertilizers are used excessively, the tobacco seedling raising cost is increased, the environmental pollution problem is solved, and the quality of the cultured tobacco seedlings is not ideal sometimes.
Chinese patent application CN114287312A discloses a flue-cured tobacco seedling raising matrix, which is composed of paddy field soil, nutrient matrix, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent, and also discloses a wet seedling raising method using the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising matrix, which comprises: preparing and disinfecting a substrate, dishing and sowing, managing water, managing temperature, humidity and nutrients, thinning and final singling, cutting leaves, preventing and treating diseases, hardening seedlings and the like. The flue-cured tobacco seedling raising matrix in the patent application has the advantages of strong water retention, low cost, simple formula, locally available materials and suitability for popularization and application in a basic layer, can reduce labor cost and water consumption by adopting the seedling raising matrix with strong water retention and combining a moistening seedling raising method, and has the advantages of high seedling raising survival rate, short seedling returning period, strong drought resistance, cost saving and efficiency improvement. However, in the patent application, the method of applying fertilizer and using pesticides to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests for multiple times is still adopted in the growing period of the tobacco seedlings, the survival rate of the finally obtained tobacco seedlings is high, but the sound degree of the tobacco seedlings is not good.
Therefore, the development of a new seedling culture substrate which can avoid the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and can culture healthy and strong tobacco seedlings is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a tobacco seedling raising substrate and a preparation and use method thereof. The tobacco seedling culture substrate can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and can culture healthy and strong tobacco seedlings, and specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:
the tobacco seedling substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90.6 to 93.6 percent of organic and inorganic substances, 1.9 to 2.4 percent of water-retaining agent, 2.5 to 5 percent of modified ceramsite and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of composite microbial inoculum; the organic and inorganic substances comprise the following components: 65-75% of mountain sand, 20-30% of turf and 5% of perlite; the composite microbial agent consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-3) to (1-3); the modified ceramsite is obtained by performing acid etching, microwave treatment, water washing, drying, seedling culture nutrient solution soaking and drying on the ceramsite.
After the modified ceramsite is subjected to acid etching and microwave treatment, the surface of the ceramsite becomes rougher, and pores in the structure are more, so that the seedling culture nutrient solution is easier to adsorb. In the seedling raising process, frequent watering is needed, and the modified ceramsite adsorbing the seedling raising nutrient solution slowly releases nutrient elements after being soaked in water, so that the modified ceramsite continuously provides nutrition for the growth of tobacco seedlings, and multiple topdressing is not needed. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the composite microbial inoculum can improve the disease resistance of tobacco seedlings, inhibit the growth of pathogens and the infection and the morbidity, and is beneficial to improving the growth and development of the tobacco seedlings and increasing the biomass of the tobacco seedlings. The bacillus subtilis not only can fix nitrogen and promote the absorption of root systems to nutrient substances, but also can induce a tobacco seedling defense system to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and has an inhibiting effect on blight, anthracnose, root rot and the like. The Trichoderma harzianum can be symbiotic with tobacco seedling root system, and can inhibit tobacco damping off, root rot, anthracnose, etc. The bacillus licheniformis can be colonized around the root system of the tobacco seedling and has the function of promoting the growth of the tobacco seedling.
Preferably, the particle sizes of the mountain sand, the grass peat, the perlite and the ceramsite are all 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the compound microbial inoculum consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2: 2.
Preferably, the water retaining agent is a 3005KM type water retaining agent or a KMHU type water retaining agent.
Preferably, the nitrogen concentration in the seedling culture nutrient solution is 400-500 mg/L, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1:2: 2.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the ceramsite into an acid solution to be soaked for 20-40 min, then treating the soaking solution with microwaves for 2-5 min, filtering, washing the treated ceramsite with water, and drying for later use;
s2, placing the ceramsite treated in the step S1 into a seedling culture nutrient solution, soaking for 20-40 min at 1.0-3.0 kPa, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain the modified ceramsite.
More preferably, the acidic solution in step S1 is at least one aqueous solution of 0.5 to 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid.
More preferably, the power of the microwave treatment in step S1 is 600 to 800W.
The preparation method of the tobacco seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
p1, uniformly mixing the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio, and then subpackaging the mixture into a plurality of plant capsules to obtain a compound microbial agent capsule; uniformly mixing the turf, the mountain sand and the perlite according to the mass ratio to obtain organic and inorganic substances;
and P2, uniformly mixing the composite microbial agent capsule, the organic and inorganic substances, the water-retaining agent and the modified ceramsite according to the mass ratio to obtain the tobacco seedling substrate.
The composite microbial inoculum is wrapped by the plant capsule and then mixed with the organic and inorganic substances and the modified ceramsite, so that various strains can be prevented from directly contacting with the organic and inorganic substances and the modified ceramsite, the strains can be prevented from being inhibited by nutrient substances, and the phenomenon that the strains can not be exerted to the maximum extent due to partial advanced germination before the root systems of tobacco seedlings grow out can be avoided. In the seedling raising process, due to frequent watering, the plant capsule is gradually dissolved after being soaked in water for a period of time, various strains are released, the root system of the tobacco seedling can be infected in time, and a structure with the strains and the root system symbiotic is formed, so that the root system of the tobacco seedling is promoted to absorb nutrient substances, and the growth of the tobacco seedling is promoted.
Preferably, the plant capsule is a pullulan empty capsule.
In the invention, the tobacco seedling raising substrate is used in the intensive tobacco seedling raising technology, and the using method comprises the following steps:
q1, soaking the seedling raising tray in 0.05-0.1 wt% of potassium permanganate or 1-2 wt% of formalin solution for 0.5h, and then cleaning with clear water;
q2, filling the tobacco seedling raising substrate into the seedling raising tray sterilized in the step Q1, wherein the filling amount does not exceed 3/4 of the volume of the holes of the seedling raising tray; sowing 1-2 tobacco seeds in each hole of the seedling raising tray;
q3, after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling tray, watering every day to control the water level to be 3/4 of the height of the seedling tray, and after seedling emergence, watering every 3 days to control the water level to be equal to the height of the seedling tray; and cutting the tobacco seedlings when the tobacco seedlings grow to 5-6 main leaves, and pruning once every 4-5 days until the seedlings are formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) according to the invention, the modified ceramsite is adopted to slowly release nutrient substances to provide nutrition for tobacco seeds and tobacco seedlings, multiple topdressing is not needed, and the problems of high cost and environmental pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers are avoided; (2) the invention adopts the compound microbial inoculum to prevent various tobacco seedling diseases in the seedling raising period, thereby not only reducing the usage amount of pesticides, but also promoting the growth of tobacco seedlings, improving the stress resistance of the tobacco seedlings and enabling the tobacco seedlings to be stronger.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail and fully with reference to the following examples, it is obvious that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of the examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or substitutions by those skilled in the art according to the following embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were gifted by Guizhou tobacco corporation, Qianxinan corporation; bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis were purchased from Jiangsu Green Biotechnology Ltd; trichoderma harzianum is purchased from Shandong Wufu ecological engineering Co. The pullulan empty capsules are purchased from Qingdao Yiqing capsule Co. The sand, the perlite, the turf, the ceramsite and the water-retaining agent are all conventional commercial products, and can be used as long as the sand is purchased from a regular channel. The 3005KM type water-retaining agent used in the examples was purchased from Beijing Mulberry pine Biotechnology Ltd, and the KMHU type water-retaining agent was provided by Hubei university. The seedling raising substrate mainly selects 3-5 mm of mountain sand, turf, perlite and ceramsite, and the using amount of the mountain sand, turf, perlite and ceramsite with the particle size larger than 5mm is not more than 15%. The tobacco seeds in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were the seeds of Bai-Ri-Yan Hu-Yan No. 1, the tobacco seeds in example 3 were the seeds of cigar Chu-Xue No. 26 (CX-26), and the tobacco seeds in example 4 were the seeds of cured tobacco Yunyan No. 87, all provided by the center for stock breeding of tobacco science research institute in Hubei province. The tobacco seedling raising test point is arranged in a scientific research greenhouse of a trekka base of a tobacco drying test base in Enshi city, and the altitude is 850 m.
Example 1
The tobacco seedling raising substrate provided in the embodiment comprises the following components: 93 wt% of organic and inorganic substances, 2 wt% of water-retaining agent, 3 wt% of modified ceramsite and 2 wt% of composite microbial inoculum; the organic and inorganic substances comprise the following components: 75 wt% of mountain sand, 20 wt% of turf and 5 wt% of perlite; the compound microbial inoculum consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2: 2; the water-retaining agent is a 3005KM type water-retaining agent;
the preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the ceramsite into a 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to be soaked for 30min, then treating the soaking solution with 800W of microwave for 3min, filtering, washing the treated ceramsite with water, and drying for later use;
s2, placing the ceramsite treated in the step S1 into a seedling culture nutrient solution, soaking for 30min at 2.0kPa, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain modified ceramsite; wherein the nitrogen concentration in the seedling culture nutrient solution is 400mg/L, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is 1:2: 2;
the preparation method of the tobacco seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
p1, uniformly mixing the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio, and then subpackaging the mixture into a plurality of pullulan hollow capsules to obtain a compound microbial agent capsule; uniformly mixing the turf, the mountain sand and the perlite according to the mass ratio to obtain organic and inorganic substances;
p2, uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum capsule, the organic and inorganic substances, the water-retaining agent and the modified ceramsite according to the mass ratio to obtain the tobacco seedling culture substrate;
the use method of the tobacco seedling substrate for tobacco seedling comprises the following steps:
q1, soaking the seedling raising tray in 0.05 wt% potassium permanganate solution for 0.5h, and then cleaning with clear water;
q2, filling the tobacco seedling raising substrate into the seedling raising tray sterilized in the step Q1, wherein the filling amount does not exceed 3/4 of the volume of the holes of the seedling raising tray; sowing 1-2 tobacco seeds in each hole of the seedling raising tray;
q3, after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling tray, watering every day to control the water level to be 3/4 of the height of the seedling tray, and after seedling emergence, watering every 3 days to control the water level to be equal to the height of the seedling tray; and cutting the tobacco seedlings when the tobacco seedlings grow to 5-6 main leaves, and pruning once every 4-5 days until the seedlings are formed.
Example 2
The tobacco seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment comprises the following components: 90.6 wt% of organic and inorganic substances, 1.9 wt% of water-retaining agent, 5 wt% of modified ceramsite and 2.5 wt% of composite microbial inoculum; the organic and inorganic substances comprise the following components: 65 wt% of mountain sand, 30 wt% of turf and 5 wt% of perlite; the compound microbial inoculum consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1; the water-retaining agent is a KMHU water-retaining agent;
the preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking the ceramsite in 1.0mol/L nitric acid solution for 20min, then treating the soaking solution with 600W microwaves for 5min, filtering, and cleaning the treated ceramsite with water and drying for later use;
s2, placing the ceramsite treated in the step S1 into a seedling culture nutrient solution, soaking for 40min at 1.0kPa, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain modified ceramsite; wherein the nitrogen concentration in the seedling culture nutrient solution is 450mg/L, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is 1:2: 2;
the preparation method of the tobacco seedling raising substrate is the same as that of the embodiment 1; the use method of the tobacco seedling raising substrate is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that: in the step Q1, 0.1 wt% of potassium permanganate is used for soaking for 0.5 h.
Example 3
The tobacco seedling raising substrate provided in the embodiment comprises the following components: 93.6 weight percent of organic and inorganic substances, 2.4 weight percent of water-retaining agent, 2.5 weight percent of modified ceramsite and 1.5 weight percent of composite microbial inoculum; the organic and inorganic substances comprise the following components: 70 wt% of mountain sand, 25 wt% of turf and 5 wt% of perlite; the compound microbial inoculum consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1:3:3: 3; the water-retaining agent is a KMHU water-retaining agent;
the preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the ceramsite into a 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution to be soaked for 40min, then treating the soaking solution with 750W microwaves for 4min, filtering, washing the treated ceramsite with water, and drying for later use;
s2, placing the ceramsite treated in the step S1 into a seedling culture nutrient solution, soaking for 20min at 3.0kPa, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain modified ceramsite; wherein the nitrogen concentration in the seedling culture nutrient solution is 500mg/L, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is 1:2: 2;
the preparation method of the tobacco seedling raising substrate is the same as that of the embodiment 1; the use method of the tobacco seedling raising substrate is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that: in step Q1, 1 wt% formalin was used for soaking for 0.5 h.
Example 4
The tobacco seedling raising substrate provided in the embodiment comprises the following components: 91.8 wt% of organic and inorganic substances, 2.2 wt% of water-retaining agent, 4 wt% of modified ceramsite and 2 wt% of composite microbial inoculum; the composition of the organic and inorganic substances and the composition of the composite microbial inoculum are the same as those in the embodiment 1; the water-retaining agent is a 3005KM type water-retaining agent; the preparation method of the modified ceramsite is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the nitrogen concentration in the seedling culture nutrient solution in the step S2 is 550 mg/L; the method of using the substrate for raising tobacco seedlings was substantially the same as in example 1, except that 2 wt% formalin was used for soaking for 0.5h in step Q1.
Comparative example 1
The tobacco seedling substrate provided by the comparative example comprises the following components: 93 wt% of organic and inorganic substances, 2 wt% of water-retaining agent and 5 wt% of modified ceramsite; the composition of the organic and inorganic substances, the preparation method of the modified ceramsite and the use method of the tobacco seedling substrate are the same as those in the embodiment 1; the water-retaining agent is the same as in example 1; the preparation method of the tobacco seedling substrate comprises the following steps: p1, uniformly mixing the turf, the mountain sand and the perlite according to the mass ratio to obtain organic and inorganic substances; and P2, uniformly mixing the organic and inorganic substances, the water-retaining agent and the modified ceramsite according to the mass ratio to obtain the tobacco seedling substrate. Namely, compared with example 1, the tobacco seedling substrate prepared by the comparative example does not contain the composite bacterial agent.
Comparative example 2
The tobacco seedling substrate provided by the comparative example comprises the following components: 93 wt% of organic and inorganic substances, 2 wt% of a water-retaining agent and 5 wt% of a composite microbial inoculum; the composition of the organic and inorganic substances, the composition of the composite microbial inoculum and the using method of the tobacco seedling raising substrate are the same as those in the embodiment 1; the water-retaining agent is the same as in example 1; the preparation method of the tobacco seedling substrate comprises the following steps: p1, uniformly mixing the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio, and then subpackaging the mixture into a plurality of pullulan hollow capsules to obtain a compound microbial agent capsule; and P2, uniformly mixing the complex microbial agent capsule, the organic and inorganic substances and the water-retaining agent according to the mass ratio to obtain the tobacco seedling substrate. Namely, compared with the example 1, the tobacco seedling raising organic matter prepared in the comparative example does not contain the modified ceramsite.
Verification of seedling raising effect
Tobacco seedlings are cultivated according to the seedling cultivating methods in the embodiments 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2, and the quality of the seedlings is detected, wherein the detection indexes comprise emergence rate, seedling cultivating rate, growth trend, disease condition, stem diameter, stem height, leaf number, root activity and leaf green content; measuring root activity by a known TTC method, measuring dry matter accumulation by a known de-enzyming and drying method, and detecting chlorophyll by a portable chlorophyll meter SPAD 502; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of the seedling substrate on the quality of the seedlings
TABLE 2 Effect of the seedling substrate on the quality of the seedlings
In table 1, the disease incidence is the number of the diseased tobacco seedlings divided by the total number of the tobacco seedlings multiplied by 100%, and the influence of insect pests is not considered; the observation time of the growth tendency in table 2 was calculated from the time of emergence, i.e., day 10 shows day 10 after the seedling, and so on; the seedling in tables 1 and 2 refers to the seedling from the seedling stage to the 40-day cultivation stage. As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the seedling raising substrate in the comparative example 1 contains the modified ceramsite but does not contain the composite microbial inoculum, and the quality of tobacco seedlings is obviously inferior to that of the embodiment, mainly because the composite microbial inoculum has no inhibiting effect on various bacteria and fungi causing diseases and promoting effect on root system absorption of nutrient substances; similarly, the seedling substrate in comparative example 2 contains the composite microbial inoculum but does not contain the modified ceramsite, and the tobacco seedling quality is not as high as that in the embodiment, because although the composite microbial inoculum can promote the seeds and the tobacco seedlings to absorb nutrient substances and inhibit various diseases, the nutrient substances in the organic and inorganic substances are limited, and the composite microbial inoculum can not promote the seed development and the tobacco seedling growth without limitation. In examples 1-2, 3 and 4, different varieties of tobacco seeds are respectively used, but the quality difference of tobacco seedlings is not too large, which shows that the influence difference of tobacco seedling matrixes and cultivation methods on different varieties of tobacco can be ignored as long as the range defined by the invention is within the range.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various modifications and changes by any person skilled in the art. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the protection scope of the present application and the content of the specification are intended to be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The tobacco seedling substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 90.6 to 93.6 percent of organic and inorganic substances, 1.9 to 2.4 percent of water-retaining agent, 2.5 to 5 percent of modified ceramsite and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of composite microbial inoculum; the organic and inorganic substances comprise the following components: 65-75% of mountain sand, 20-30% of turf and 5% of perlite; the composite microbial agent consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-3) to (1-3); the modified ceramsite is obtained by performing acid etching, microwave treatment, water washing, drying, seedling culture nutrient solution soaking and drying on the ceramsite.
2. A tobacco seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial agent is composed of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis according to a mass ratio of 1:2:2: 2.
3. A tobacco seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of nitrogen in the seedling raising nutrient solution is 400-500 mg/L, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1:2: 2.
4. A tobacco seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the water retaining agent is 3005KM type water retaining agent or KMHU type water retaining agent.
5. The tobacco seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the ceramsite into an acid solution to be soaked for 20-40 min, then treating the soaking solution with microwaves for 2-5 min, filtering, washing the treated ceramsite with water, and drying for later use;
s2, placing the ceramsite treated in the step S1 into a seedling culture nutrient solution, soaking for 20-40 min at 1.0-3.0 kPa, filtering, and drying the solid to obtain the modified ceramsite.
6. A tobacco seedling raising substrate according to claim 5, wherein the acidic solution in the step S1 is at least one of aqueous solutions of 0.5-1.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
7. A tobacco seedling raising substrate according to claim 5, wherein the power of the microwave treatment in the step S1 is 600-800W.
8. A preparation method of a tobacco seedling raising substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
p1, uniformly mixing the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio, and then subpackaging the mixture into a plurality of plant capsules to obtain a compound microbial agent capsule; uniformly mixing the turf, the mountain sand and the perlite according to the mass ratio to obtain organic and inorganic substances;
and P2, uniformly mixing the composite microbial agent capsule, the organic and inorganic substances, the water-retaining agent and the modified ceramsite according to the mass ratio to obtain the tobacco seedling substrate.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the plant capsule is a pullulan empty capsule.
10. The application of the tobacco seedling raising substrate in the intensive seedling raising technology according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
q1, soaking the seedling raising tray in 0.05-0.1 wt% of potassium permanganate or 1-2 wt% of formalin solution for 0.5h, and then cleaning with clear water;
q2, filling the tobacco seedling raising substrate into the seedling raising tray sterilized in the step Q1, wherein the filling amount does not exceed 3/4 of the volume of the holes of the seedling raising tray; sowing 1-2 tobacco seeds in each hole of the seedling raising tray;
q3, fully watering the seedling tray after sowing, watering every day to control the water level to be 3/4 of the height of the seedling tray, and watering every 3 days after seedling emergence to control the water level to be equal to the height of the seedling tray; and cutting the tobacco seedlings when the tobacco seedlings grow to 5-6 main leaves, and pruning once every 4-5 days until the seedlings are formed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210465998.7A CN114793828A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Tobacco seedling culture medium and preparation and use methods thereof |
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