CN113563029A - Volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete - Google Patents
Volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN113563029A CN113563029A CN202110942021.5A CN202110942021A CN113563029A CN 113563029 A CN113563029 A CN 113563029A CN 202110942021 A CN202110942021 A CN 202110942021A CN 113563029 A CN113563029 A CN 113563029A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00025—Aspects relating to the protection of the health, e.g. materials containing special additives to afford skin protection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete, which belongs to the technical field of radiation-proof concrete, and comprises the following raw materials of cement, modified ceramsite, microbeads, fine aggregate, an additive and the like; the modified ceramsite is prepared by sintering raw materials such as steel slag powder, volcanic rock powder, barite, sludge dry powder, sugar, fiber and the like, and then respectively performing special treatment steps such as acid liquor soaking, microwave soaking, lead acrylate solution soaking and the like. The radiation-proof concrete provided by the invention utilizes the special performance of the modified ceramsite, improves the combination capacity of each raw material of the concrete, can contain more raw materials with radiation-proof effect, obviously improves the overall working performance and mechanical strength of the concrete, and has excellent radiation-proof performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building material concrete, and particularly relates to volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete.
Background
The radiation is divided into natural radiation and artificial radiation by the source, the natural radiation comprises cosmic rays, gamma rays, radon and alpha particle rays in the environment, and the artificial radiation comprises various rays such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X rays and neutron rays generated in the application process of the fields of nuclear power, military, education, scientific research, medical treatment and the like. The long-term radiation of human body can induce various diseases such as tumor, leukemia, thyroid dysfunction, infertility, abortion and birth defects, and can also induce plant gene variation and harm the growth of crops.
In order to avoid the damage of rays in the environment to human bodies, buildings such as various radiation-proof houses and the like can be built for people to work and live, and the radiation-proof concrete is a base material for realizing the radiation-proof function of the building main body. The radiation-proof concrete mainly prevents alpha, beta, gamma, X and neutron rays from damaging human bodies, among the rays, the alpha and beta rays have low penetrating power and are easy to absorb, a protective material with small thickness can shield the rays, the gamma ray penetrating power is strong, when a building reaches certain density and thickness, the gamma ray can be completely absorbed, the neutron ray penetrating power is stronger, and the difficulty in protecting the neutron rays is higher than that of the gamma ray.
In the current research on radiation-proof concrete at home and abroad, the radiation-proof capability of the concrete is mainly improved by doping heavy metal elements into concrete materials. In actual production, aggregates containing heavy metal elements, such as serpentine, magnetite (hematite), limonite, iron oxide powder, barite, gypsum powder, boresite, chromium ore powder, galena and the like, can be used for improving the gamma ray and neutron ray shielding capability of the concrete.
For example, the nuclear explosion-resistant radiation-proof 3D printing concrete provided by the chinese granted patent CN110981370B adopts special sand composed of barite sand, steel grit, iron grit, olivine sand, basalt sand, borocalcite sand, ferroborosilicate sand, boromagnesite sand, borosilicate sand, serpentine sand, chrome sand, and the like, and also adds metal powder such as steel powder, iron powder, magnetite powder, boron powder, chrome ore powder, and the like. Although the patent mentions that the radiation-proof composite material has the performances of impact resistance, high compactness, high radiation shielding capability and the like, the effect of the radiation-proof composite material mainly lies in the aspects of impact resistance and nuclear explosion resistance, and the radiation-proof effect is not directly reflected.
For another example, chinese patent application CN111875314A provides a radiation-proof concrete and its preparation method, wherein the raw materials include cement, mineral powder, fly ash, heavy aggregate, light aggregate, fiber additive and other additives, the heavy aggregate is barite and barite; the lightweight aggregate is basalt; the fiber additives include basalt fibers and titanium fibers. For example, the Chinese granted patent CN106977145B provides a radiation-proof concrete, the raw materials include cement, mineral powder, fly ash, barite, volcanic slag ceramsite (light aggregate), fiber additive, water and admixture. However, the mechanical strength of the two kinds of concrete is not high, and the application range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete and a preparation method thereof, and the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete is realized by the following technology.
The volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete comprises 18-25 wt% of cement, 30-36 wt% of modified ceramsite, 7-14 wt% of microspheres, 20-26 wt% of fine aggregate, 0.5-1 wt% of additive and 6-10 wt% of water;
the preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 16-20 wt% of steel slag powder, 19-24 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 31-37 wt% of barite, 9-14 wt% of sludge dry powder, 4-8 wt% of sugar and 4-8 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering and cooling the raw material balls at the temperature of 1000-;
s3, placing the ceramsite into acid liquor to be soaked for 15-30min, then continuing to soak and adding microwave for 1-2.5min, taking out the ceramsite, cleaning the ceramsite in clean water, and drying the ceramsite for later use;
s4, finally, placing the ceramsite into a saturated aqueous solution of lead acrylate, soaking for 10-15min under the condition that the vacuum degree is 0.02-0.05MPa, taking out and drying to obtain the modified ceramsite.
The volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete adopts the ceramsite modified by a special method, and the ceramsite has a net structure formed by mutually interlacing and winding the fiber material and other raw materials of the modified ceramsite, so that the bonding strength of the ceramsite and other raw materials of the concrete is increased; a porous structure generated by resolidification and sugar carbonization after volcanic rock powder is melted during sintering is utilized; then, the surface of the ceramsite is etched to a certain degree by acid liquor soaking and microwave treatment, so that the surface of the ceramsite is rougher and is easier to adsorb and attach lead acrylate and other raw materials of concrete; finally, barite and lead acrylate distributed in the porous structure are utilized to play a role in double radiation protection; finally, the prepared volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete has more beneficial mechanical property and working performance and good radiation-proof performance. The sugar used as the raw material of the modified ceramsite can be any commercially available sugar capable of being dissolved in water, such as white granulated sugar, glucose, fructose and the like.
Preferably, the raw materials of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete comprise 22 wt% of cement, 35 wt% of modified ceramsite, 10 wt% of micro-beads, 24 wt% of fine aggregate, 1 wt% of additive and 8 wt% of water.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the raw materials in step S1 are 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 t% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the fiber in the step S1 is steel fiber or carbon fiber, the diameter of the fiber is not more than 0.1mm, and the length of the fiber is 2-4 mm. The fibers may be completely wrapped inside the ceramsite after sintering and molding, or may partially extend out of the ceramsite from the inside.
Preferably, the sintering temperature of step S2 is 1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 25 min.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the acid solution in step S3 is an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and formic acid with a concentration of 2-3.5 mol/L.
More preferably, in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the acid solution in the step S3 has a concentration of 3.2 mol/L.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the microwave treatment time in the step S3 is 1.5min, and the power is 300- & lt 500 & gt W.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the vacuum degree of the step S4 is 0.04MPa, and the soaking time is 12 min.
Preferably, the fine aggregate is at least one of quartz sand, river sand and machine-made sand; the admixture is a water reducing agent and an expanding agent with the mass ratio of (1.5-2) to 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the radiation-proof concrete provided by the invention has the advantages that the modified ceramsite prepared by using a special method obviously improves the overall working performance and mechanical strength of the concrete, and has excellent radiation-proof performance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the volcanic radiation-proof concrete of the following examples and comparative examples, if no special description is given, the cement selected as the raw material is Huaxin brand 42.5 ordinary portland cement; the selected micro-beads are ultrafine fly ash micro-beads sold in the market, and the bulk density is 800-3The ignition loss is less than or equal to 1 percent; the fine aggregate is river sand, the grain diameter is less than or equal to 4.75mm, the fineness modulus is 2.5-2.7, and the mud content is not more than 0.9%; the selected additives are a water reducing agent and an expanding agent in a mass ratio of 2:1, the water reducing agent is a high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent sold in the market, and the expanding agent is a CSAI type expanding agent sold in the market.
The preparation method of the volcanic radiation-proof concrete of the following examples and comparative examples is that all the raw materials except water are mixed uniformly, and then water is directly added according to the proportion to be stirred uniformly, so that the concrete is obtained.
In the preparation methods of the modified ceramsite in the following examples and comparative examples, if no special description is made, the particle size of the raw material steel slag powder is 4-10 μm; volcanic rock powder is a conventional commodity sold in the market; the barite is barite sand with the particle size less than or equal to 5 mm; the sludge dry powder is a commercial product with the granularity of 80-100 nm; the sugar is common white granulated sugar sold in the market; the fiber is steel fiber and carbon fiber, and has a mass ratio of 2:1, a diameter of 0.08-0.1mm, and a length of 2-4 mm; the acid solution is 2mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution or acetic acid aqueous solution.
Example 1
The raw materials of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment comprise 22 wt% of cement, 35 wt% of modified ceramsite, 10 wt% of micro-beads, 24 wt% of fine aggregate, 1 wt% of additive and 8 wt% of water.
The preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following specific steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 wt% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering the raw material balls at 1300 ℃ for 25min, cooling, and then ball-milling to obtain raw material balls with the particle size of 2-5mm for later use;
s3, placing the ceramsite into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid water solution to be soaked for 25min, then continuing to soak, and externally adding microwaves to treat for 1.5min, wherein the power is 500W; taking out, cleaning in clear water, and drying for later use;
s4, finally, putting the dried ceramsite into a saturated aqueous solution of lead acrylate, soaking for 12min under the condition that the vacuum degree is 0.04MPa, taking out and drying to obtain the modified ceramsite.
Example 2
The raw materials of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment comprise 25 wt% of cement, 30 wt% of modified ceramsite, 14 wt% of micro-beads, 24 wt% of fine aggregate, 1 wt% of additive and 6 wt% of water. The formula and preparation method of the modified ceramsite are the same as those in example 1.
Example 3
The raw materials of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment comprise 20 wt% of cement, 36 wt% of modified ceramsite, 7 wt% of micro-beads, 26 wt% of fine aggregate, 1 wt% of additive and 10 wt% of water. The formula and preparation method of the modified ceramsite are the same as those in example 1.
Example 4
The raw materials of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment 1, and the preparation method of the modified ceramsite is the same as that of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment 1. The modified ceramsite comprises the following raw materials: 17 wt% of steel slag powder, 24 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 32 wt% of barite, 14 wt% of sludge dry powder, 8 wt% of sugar and 5 wt% of fiber.
Example 5
The raw materials of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment 1, and the preparation method of the modified ceramsite is the same as that of the volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment 1. The modified ceramsite comprises the following raw materials: 20 wt% of steel slag powder, 20 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 37 wt% of barite, 10 wt% of sludge dry powder, 5 wt% of sugar and 8 wt% of fiber.
Example 6
The volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment has the same raw materials as those in the embodiment 1, and the modified ceramsite has the same raw materials as those in the embodiment 1. The preparation method of the modified ceramsite is different from that of the modified ceramsite in example 1 in that: in step S2, the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 30 min; in the step S3, the selected acid solution is 3.5mol/L acetic acid aqueous solution, and the soaking time in the acetic acid solution is 30 min; the soaking time in step S4 is 10 min.
Example 7
The volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment has the same raw materials as those in the embodiment 1, and the modified ceramsite has the same raw materials as those in the embodiment 1. The preparation method of the modified ceramsite is different from that of the modified ceramsite in example 1 in that: in step S3, the soaking time is 15 min; the soaking time in step S4 is 10 min.
Example 8
The volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment has the same raw materials as those in the embodiment 1, and the modified ceramsite has the same raw materials as those in the embodiment 1. The preparation method of the modified ceramsite is different from that of the modified ceramsite in example 1 in that: in step S3, the microwave treatment time is 2.5 min; in step S4, the vacuum degree is 0.05MPa, and the soaking time is 15 min.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials of the volcanic radiation-proof concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1, and the raw materials of the modified ceramsite are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1. The difference lies in that when the modified ceramsite is prepared, the step S3 only carries out microwave treatment, and does not carry out acid liquor soaking treatment, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 wt% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering the raw material balls at 1300 ℃ for 25min, cooling, and then ball-milling to obtain raw material balls with the particle size of 2-5mm for later use;
s3, placing the ceramsite into clear water for microwave treatment for 1.5min, wherein the power is 500W; taking out and drying for later use;
s4, finally, putting the dried ceramsite into a saturated aqueous solution of lead acrylate, soaking for 12min under the condition that the vacuum degree is 0.04MPa, taking out and drying to obtain the modified ceramsite.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials of the volcanic radiation-proof concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1, and the raw materials of the modified ceramsite are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1. The difference lies in that when the modified ceramsite is prepared, the step S3 only carries out acid liquor soaking treatment, and does not carry out microwave treatment, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 wt% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering the raw material balls at 1300 ℃ for 25min, cooling, and then ball-milling to obtain raw material balls with the particle size of 2-5mm for later use;
s3, placing the ceramsite into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid water solution to be soaked for 25min, taking out the ceramsite, cleaning the ceramsite with clean water, and drying the ceramsite for later use;
s4, finally, putting the dried ceramsite into a saturated aqueous solution of lead acrylate, soaking for 12min under the condition that the vacuum degree is 0.04MPa, taking out and drying to obtain the modified ceramsite.
Comparative example 3
The raw materials of the volcanic radiation-proof concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1, and the raw materials of the modified ceramsite are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1. The difference lies in that the modified ceramsite is not subjected to acid liquor soaking and microwave treatment during preparation, namely, the sintered raw ceramsite is directly put into saturated aqueous solution of lead acrylate for soaking and the like, and the dried raw ceramsite is directly used, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 wt% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering the raw material balls at 1300 ℃ for 25min, cooling, and then ball-milling to obtain raw material balls with the particle size of 2-5mm for later use;
s3, placing the ceramsite into a saturated aqueous solution of lead acrylate, soaking for 12min under the condition that the vacuum degree is 0.04MPa, taking out and drying to obtain the modified ceramsite.
Comparative example 4
The raw materials of the volcanic radiation-proof concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1, and the raw materials of the modified ceramsite are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1. The difference lies in that the modified ceramsite is not treated in the step S4 during preparation, namely after acid liquor soaking and microwave treatment, the modified ceramsite is directly used as the modified ceramsite after drying, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 wt% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering the raw material balls at 1300 ℃ for 25min, cooling, and then ball-milling to obtain raw material balls with the particle size of 2-5mm for later use;
s3, placing the ceramsite into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid water solution to be soaked for 25min, then continuing to soak, and externally adding microwaves to treat for 1.5min, wherein the power is 500W; taking out, cleaning the mixture in clear water, and drying the mixture to obtain the modified ceramsite.
Comparative example 5
The raw materials of the volcanic radiation-proof concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1, and the raw materials of the modified ceramsite are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1. The difference lies in that the modified ceramsite is prepared without the treatment of the steps S3 and S4, namely the raw material balls are sintered into the ceramsite and then directly used, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 wt% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering the raw material balls at 1300 ℃ for 25min, cooling, and then ball-milling to obtain the modified ceramsite with the particle size of 2-5 mm.
Application example 1: working performance and mechanical performance test of volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete
According to GB/T50081-2019 'test method standards for physical and mechanical properties of concrete', the mechanical properties of the concrete prepared in examples 1-10 and the concrete prepared in comparative examples 1-2 are respectively tested. According to GB/T50080-2016 standard of common concrete mixture performance test method, slump and expansion of the concrete prepared in examples 1-10 and the concrete prepared in comparative examples 1-2 are respectively measured; the results of the above tests are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of working properties and mechanical properties of volcanic radiation-proof concrete
| Group name | Slump, mm | Extension, mm | 28d compressive strength, MPa |
| Example 1 | 215 | 535 | 51.6 |
| Example 2 | 210 | 530 | 50.8 |
| Example 3 | 215 | 530 | 51.1 |
| Example 4 | 205 | 525 | 50.3 |
| Example 5 | 215 | 530 | 51.4 |
| Example 6 | 215 | 525 | 51.6 |
| Example 7 | 215 | 535 | 50.2 |
| Example 8 | 210 | 535 | 51.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 235 | 530 | 47.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 240 | 535 | 46.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 245 | 550 | 44.7 |
| Comparative example 4 | 240 | 545 | 45.2 |
| Comparative example 5 | 245 | 545 | 43.6 |
From the above table 1, it can be seen that the change of the dosage ratio of the raw materials of the concrete will have a certain influence on the working performance and mechanical properties of the concrete. Whether acid liquor treatment and microwave treatment are carried out during the preparation of the modified ceramsite also influences the combination tightness of the modified ceramsite and other concrete raw materials, and further influences the mechanical strength and the working performance.
Application example 2: radiation protection performance test of volcanic radiation protection concrete
The radiation resistance of the concrete prepared in the examples and the concrete prepared in the comparative examples are respectively tested by the method of GB18871-2002 basic Standard on ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety, and the test results are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 results of testing the radiation protection performance of the volcanic radiation protection concrete
As can be seen from Table 2 above, the radiation resistance of the concrete can be affected by changing the ratio of the raw materials. Whether acid liquor treatment, microwave treatment and lead acrylate saturated solution soaking treatment are carried out during the preparation of the modified ceramsite can obviously influence the microstructure of the modified ceramsite and the radiation resistance of concrete, so that the mechanical strength and the working performance are influenced.
Claims (10)
1. The volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete is characterized in that raw materials comprise 18-25 wt% of cement, 30-36 wt% of modified ceramsite, 7-14 wt% of microspheres, 20-26 wt% of fine aggregate, 0.5-1 wt% of additive and 6-10 wt% of water;
the preparation method of the modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the following raw materials: 16-20 wt% of steel slag powder, 19-24 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 31-37 wt% of barite, 9-14 wt% of sludge dry powder, 4-8 wt% of sugar and 4-8 wt% of fiber, uniformly mixing, and adding water for granulation to prepare raw material balls;
s2, sintering the raw material balls at the temperature of 1000-;
s3, placing the ceramsite into acid liquor to be soaked for 15-30min, then continuing to soak and adding microwave for 1-2.5min, taking out the ceramsite, cleaning the ceramsite in clean water, and drying the ceramsite for later use;
s4, finally, placing the ceramsite into a saturated aqueous solution of lead acrylate, soaking for 10-15min under the condition that the vacuum degree is 0.02-0.05MPa, taking out and drying to obtain the modified ceramsite.
2. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise 22 wt% of cement, 35 wt% of modified ceramsite, 10 wt% of micro-beads, 24 wt% of fine aggregate, 1 wt% of admixture and 8 wt% of water.
3. The volcanic rock radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the raw materials in step S1 are 19 wt% of steel slag powder, 22 wt% of volcanic rock powder, 35 t% of barite, 12 wt% of sludge dry powder, 6 wt% of sugar and 6 wt% of fiber.
4. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the fiber in step S1 is steel fiber or carbon fiber, and has a diameter of not more than 0.1mm and a length of 2-4 mm.
5. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the sintering temperature in the step S2 is 1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 25 min.
6. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the acid solution in step S3 is an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and formic acid with a concentration of 2-3.5 mol/L.
7. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the acid solution in the step S3 has a concentration of 3.2 mol/L.
8. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the microwave treatment time of step S3 is 1.5min, and the power is 300-500W.
9. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the modified ceramsite, the vacuum degree of the step S4 is 0.04MPa, and the soaking time is 12 min.
10. The volcanic radiation-proof concrete as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine aggregate is at least one of quartz sand, river sand and machine-made sand; the admixture is a water reducing agent and an expanding agent with the mass ratio of (1.5-2) to 1.
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| CN114956631A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽建工建材科技集团有限公司 | Radiation-proof functional aggregate and preparation method thereof |
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