CN106977145B - Radiation-proof concrete - Google Patents

Radiation-proof concrete Download PDF

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CN106977145B
CN106977145B CN201710232762.8A CN201710232762A CN106977145B CN 106977145 B CN106977145 B CN 106977145B CN 201710232762 A CN201710232762 A CN 201710232762A CN 106977145 B CN106977145 B CN 106977145B
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concrete
fiber
radiation
barite
cement
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CN106977145A (en
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陈军亮
刘伟
刘磊
吴秀静
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Tianjin Jinyu Concrete Co Ltd
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Tianjin Jinyu Concrete Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/38Fibrous materials; Whiskers
    • C04B14/48Metal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/023Fired or melted materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

Abstract

The invention discloses radiation-proof concrete which is characterized by comprising, by weight, 360 parts of cement 340-.

Description

Radiation-proof concrete
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete manufacturing, in particular to radiation-proof concrete.
Background
The radiation exists in the whole universe space, the radiation source comprises natural radiation and artificial radiation, the natural radiation comprises cosmic rays, gamma rays, radon and α particle rays in the environment, the artificial radiation comprises α, β, gamma, X, neutron rays and other rays generated in the application process of the fields of nuclear power, military, education, scientific research, medical treatment and the like, and the long-term radiation of the rays can induce various human diseases such as cancer, leukemia, multiple myeloma, malignant tumor, thyroid dysfunction, infertility, abortion, fertility defects and the like, and can also induce plant genetic variation and harm to the growth of crops.
In order to prevent various rays in the environment from damaging human bodies, when a radiation source building is built, radiation-proof materials are generally required to be arranged to shield various rays, concrete is a basic material for radiation protection of a building main body and is mainly used for radiation source buildings of education, scientific research and medical institutions and protection of inner and outer shells of nuclear reactors, the radiation-proof concrete mainly prevents α, β, gamma, X and neutron rays from damaging human bodies, of the rays, the α and β rays have low penetrating power and are easy to absorb, the protective materials with small thickness can shield the rays, the radiation-proof concrete is designed by mainly considering shielding of the gamma rays and the neutron rays, the gamma ray penetrating power is strong, the energy can be weakened when the radiation-proof concrete passes through high-density building materials, the gamma rays can be completely absorbed when the radiation-proof concrete reaches a certain density and thickness, the neutron rays have high penetrating power due to no electric charge, and the neutron ray protection difficulty is higher than that of the gamma ray protection is difficult.
At present, the improved radiation-proof concrete at home and abroad is mainly added with heavy metal elementsThe performance of the anti-radiation concrete is improved and promoted by the mineral admixture; and researches prove that the concrete material is doped with Mg, Ti,14C、55Fe and60both Co and Cu can improve the radiation protection capability of concrete, and aggregates containing heavy metal elements such as serpentine, magnetite (hematite), limonite, iron oxide powder, barite, gypsum powder, boresite, chromium ore powder, galena and the like can be used for improving the gamma ray and neutron ray shielding capability of concrete in actual production.
In the current radiation-proof building construction, heavy aggregate is mostly used for radiation protection, the heavy aggregate has good ray shielding effect, but because the aggregate density is high, the concrete capacity is heavy, and the concrete construction performance is poor, more importantly, the radiation-proof concrete prepared by adopting the heavy concrete method can increase the self weight of a building and the requirement on the pile foundation of the building, and can bring adverse effect to the earthquake-proof performance of the building. Therefore, when the radiation-proof concrete is used, the final quality of the radiation-proof concrete is ensured by considering the comprehensive performance of the concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide radiation-proof concrete, which achieves the purposes of obviously reducing volume weight, improving construction performance and mechanical property and has higher radiation-proof effect.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the radiation-proof concrete comprises, by weight, 360 parts of cement 340-.
According to the technical scheme, after conventional cement mineral powder and fly ash are added, barite sand is selected to replace original river sand, the barite sand is mainly composed of barium sulfate, barium ions have good radiation protection capability, meanwhile, light aggregate is added, the light aggregate replaces original broken stone, density is reduced to a certain degree, the fiber additive is further selected to increase radiation resistance through the heavy metal ions, specific mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and bending toughness) are improved, the fiber additive can be found by comparing with the currently used heavy aggregate radiation protection concrete, the volume weight is obviously reduced, the construction performance is improved, the mechanical properties are improved, and the original radiation protection capability is also improved.
Preferably, the lightweight aggregate is volcanic slag ceramsite.
Through the technical scheme, the volcanic slag ceramsite belongs to natural ceramsite and crushed stone-shaped ceramsite, and the ceramsite concrete has good seismic resistance and alkali resistance due to light weight, low elastic modulus and good deformation resistance.
Preferably, the fiber additive comprises PbO-BaO-B2O3Glass fibers and metal fibers.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, glass fiber increases to photoelectron absorptivity and absorption radiation attenuation coefficient in the ray. PbO-BaO-B2O3The glass has better shielding effect on gamma rays due to the existence of Pb, and the metal fiber is mainly used for increasing the strength of the fiber while introducing heavy metal elements, so that the mechanical property of the concrete mixed with the fiber is also improved.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the glass fibers to the metal fibers is 1.0-1.0.
Through the technical scheme, the glass fiber and the metal fiber are selected because the integral volume weight of the concrete is reduced, and the added glass fiber can reduce the volume weight of the concrete, so that the workability of the concrete in the using process is improved.
Preferably, the metal fibers are a mixture of steel fibers and titanium fibers, and the weight ratio of the steel fibers to the titanium fibers is 7: 10.
according to the technical scheme, the steel fiber is added to improve the mechanical property of the concrete, but the improvement of the radiation protection capability of the concrete is not enough, the titanium fiber cannot improve the mechanical property of the concrete well but can obviously improve the attenuation degree of the concrete to gamma rays, meanwhile, the density of the titanium fiber is obviously smaller than that of the steel fiber, and the volume weight of the concrete can be reduced by adding the titanium fiber into the concrete, so that the steel fiber and titanium fiber mixed fiber can obviously improve the mechanical property of the concrete and the attenuation degree of the concrete to gamma rays, and can also reduce the volume weight of the radiation protection concrete and improve the workability of the concrete.
Preferably, the barite sand is natural barite, and is subjected to primary crushing and then deep extrusion to achieve the fineness modulus of 2.3.
Through the technical scheme, after the recrystallized sand is deeply crushed, the specific surface area of the recrystallized sand is greatly increased, the contact area of the radiation rays and the recrystallized sand is increased, and the radiation protection capability is further added.
Preferably, the admixture comprises a water reducing agent and an air entraining agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the unit water consumption is reduced by using the water reducing agent, the using amount of the gel material is reduced, and the mechanical property of the concrete is ensured; the workability of concrete mixtures is improved, the impermeability is improved, the durability is improved, and the chemical corrosion resistance is improved; the shrinkage of the hardened concrete is reduced, and the concrete member is prevented from generating cracks; the frost resistance is improved, and the construction method is suitable for winter construction; the air entraining agent can improve the slump, the fluidity and the plasticity of the concrete, greatly improve the workability and the pumpability of the concrete, improve the anti-permeability and anti-freezing durability and the like, and effectively reduce the loss of the concrete slump with time. Avoiding the bleeding and segregation of the concrete and improving the homogeneity of the concrete. JDU has high water reducing rate, so the blending of water reducing agent can be greatly reduced, the application cost is saved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the water reducing agent to the air entraining agent is 1-1.2: 0.1.
through above-mentioned technical scheme, when water-reducing agent and air entraining agent use, simple saying is that increase the effect of beneficial microbubble when producing the water-reducing effect, through the regulation to water-reducing agent and air entraining agent proportion, uses air entraining agent can improve the state, the intensity, prevent frostbite, impervious effect of concrete with water-reducing agent cooperation in the concrete.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the construction performance of the existing heavy aggregate radiation-proof concrete is poor, and after the material of the heavy aggregate is replaced by the material of the light aggregate, the volume weight of the whole concrete is reduced, and the workability is improved to a certain extent;
2. the volcanic cinders are selected as the lightweight aggregate, the volcanic cinders are rich in a large amount of metal ions, cobalt, iron and the like in the metal elements can generate a radiation-proof effect, and the volcanic cinders are selected to have a corrosion-resistant effect, so that the concrete can often meet environments with overlarge water content such as rainwater and humidity in the service process, and the volcanic cinders with acid and alkali resistance can well maintain the construction performance of the concrete;
3. although the volume weight of the concrete can be reduced by adding the lightweight aggregate, the mechanical property of the concrete is reduced, the mechanical property of the concrete can be improved by adding the steel fiber and the titanium fiber, and the iron and the titanium can also play a role in radiation protection.
Detailed Description
The invention selects mineral powder of grade S95 purchased from Tianjin Chengjin company, and fly ash of grade F (II) purchased from Tianjin Beijiang environmental protection building materials Co; cement p.o 42.5 available from tianjin zhengxing cement limited; the fineness modulus of the recrystallized sand purchased by the Jinntai strong radiation protection project is 2.3; obtaining a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent from the chemical industry of the shanxi fibraurea recisa; rosin 126A type air entraining agent purchased from deep sea energy-saving building materials science and technology limited of Dongguan; steel fibers available from suzhou longyu steel fibers ltd; glass fibers and titanium fibers available from Hengkang glass fiber products, Inc., of Ningguo.
Example 1
340Kg of cement, 110Kg of mineral powder, 55Kg of fly ash, 700Kg of barite, 520Kg of barite, 425Kg of lightweight aggregate, 40Kg of glass fiber, 16.47Kg of steel fiber, 23.53Kg of titanium fiber, 170Kg of water and 8Kg of admixture.
Example 2
360Kg of cement, 130Kg of mineral powder, 65Kg of fly ash, 740Kg of barite, 540Kg of barite, 425Kg of lightweight aggregate, 40Kg of glass fiber, 16.47Kg of steel fiber, 23.53Kg of titanium fiber, 180Kg of water and 8Kg of admixture.
Example 3
350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of barite, 540Kg of barite, 425Kg of lightweight aggregate, 40Kg of glass fiber, 16.47Kg of steel fiber, 23.53Kg of titanium fiber, 180Kg of water and 8Kg of admixture.
Example 4
350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of barite, 530Kg of barite, 450Kg of lightweight aggregate, 45Kg of glass fiber, 18.53Kg of steel fiber, 26.47Kg of titanium fiber, 175Kg of water and 8.5Kg of admixture.
Example 5
350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of barite, 540Kg of barite, 475Kg of lightweight aggregate, 50Kg of glass fiber, 20.58Kg of steel fiber, 29.42Kg of titanium fiber, 175Kg of water and 9Kg of admixture.
The concrete processing technology comprises the following steps:
1. the barite sand is natural barite, and is subjected to primary crushing and then deep extrusion to reach the fineness modulus of 2.3;
2. firstly, weighing sufficient parts of cement, mineral powder, fiber additives, recrystallized sand, barite, fly ash and water;
3. pouring cement, mineral powder, fiber additives, barite and fly ash into a stirrer to stir for 0.5 min;
4. the admixture was dissolved in water and the water was poured into the dry aggregate and stirred again for 1.5 min.
Comparative example experiment:
comparative example 1: 350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 520Kg of barite, 720Kg of river sand, 45Kg of glass fiber, 18.53Kg of steel fiber, 26.47Kg of titanium fiber, 175Kg of water and 9Kg of admixture.
Comparative example 2: 350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of barite, 520Kg of barite, 475Kg of lightweight aggregate, 175Kg of water and 9Kg of admixture.
Comparative example 3: 350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of barite, 520Kg of barite, 475Kg of lightweight aggregate, 100Kg of glass fiber, 175Kg of water and 9Kg of admixture.
Comparative example 4: 350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of barite, 475Kg of lightweight aggregate, 100Kg of metal fiber, 175Kg of water and 9Kg of admixture.
Comparative example 5: 350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of barite, 520Kg of barite, 475Kg of lightweight aggregate, 100Kg of steel fiber, 175Kg of water and 9Kg of admixture.
Comparative example 6: 350Kg of cement, 120Kg of mineral powder, 60Kg of fly ash, 985Kg of barite, 1375Kg of barite, 175Kg of water and 9Kg of admixture.
The measuring method of the concrete slump and the concrete expansion accords with the regulation of GB/T50080.
Steel fibers and other synthetic fibers used in concrete should meet JGJ/T221 specifications.
The concrete radiation-proof detection method refers to the basic standard GB18871 of ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety.
The mechanical property detection method refers to a concrete mechanical property test method GB 50081-2002.
Gamma ray measurement apparatus: a nuclear radiation detector.
Neutron ray measurement apparatus: a neutron source.
TABLE I linear attenuation coefficient (cm) of radiation-proof concrete-1)
Figure BDA0001269194200000061
And the second table is the measurement of the working performance of the concrete.
Figure BDA0001269194200000062
Figure BDA0001269194200000071
Compared with the embodiment by adding the comparative example 1, the radiation protection capability of the whole concrete can be reduced after the lightweight aggregate is changed into river sand, the fiber additive is saved, the long-term service and the engineering quality of the concrete are not facilitated, the whole radiation protection capability is not reduced after the lightweight aggregate is completely replaced by barite and barite, the workability in construction is poor, the compression resistance is reduced, the volume weight is greatly increased, the concrete construction performance is poor due to excessive volume weight, the mechanical property of the whole concrete is poor due to excessive content of the barite, the volume weight is reduced after the barite is replaced by the lightweight aggregate, the radiation protection capability is improved due to the matching of the lead-containing fiber, the concrete has better mechanical property due to the addition of the metal mixed fiber, and the volume weight of the whole radiation protection concrete can be reduced by adding the fiber additive and the volcanic cinders, the workability of the concrete is improved, meanwhile, the radiation protection capability of the concrete can be improved as a whole due to the existence of the fiber additives and the heavy metals in the volcanic cinders ceramsite, the metal fibers contained in the fibers are mixed in the concrete, the overall mechanical property of the concrete is also improved, and the aims of improving the construction performance and the mechanical property of the concrete under the condition of improving the radiation protection capability are finally fulfilled.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The radiation-proof concrete is characterized in that: the cement-based lightweight aggregate comprises, by weight, 360 parts of cement 340-.
2. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fiber additive comprises PbO-BaO-B2O3Glass fibers and metal fibers.
3. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the glass fiber to the metal fiber is 1.0-1.0.
4. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that: the metal fiber is a mixture of steel fiber and titanium fiber, and the weight ratio of the steel fiber to the titanium fiber is 7: 10.
5. the radiation protective concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the barite sand is natural barite, and is subjected to primary crushing and then deep extrusion to achieve the fineness modulus of 2.3.
6. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the admixture comprises a water reducing agent and an air entraining agent.
7. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 6, wherein: the weight ratio of the water reducing agent to the air entraining agent is 1-1.2: 0.1.
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CN107445573A (en) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-08 南通盛赫园林古建筑工程有限公司 A kind of radiation shield concrete
CN107827416B (en) * 2017-11-21 2020-08-25 北京可耐可特新材料有限公司 High-strength radiation-proof pumpable concrete and preparation method thereof
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CN108059405B (en) * 2017-12-06 2020-08-11 东南大学 Nuclear power station containment concrete
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CN108658563B (en) * 2018-05-31 2020-12-11 广东联城住工装备信息科技有限公司 Slag-based polymer radiation-proof concrete and preparation method thereof
CN109336496A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-02-15 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 A kind of ordinary portland cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof
CN110981325B (en) * 2019-12-23 2022-03-04 海宁市嘉海混凝土股份有限公司 Radiation-proof high-strength concrete and production process thereof
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CN112908505A (en) * 2021-02-22 2021-06-04 中国核动力研究设计院 High-temperature-resistant organic shielding material
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