CN102934572B - Method for cultivating seedlings of betula alnoides in shallow water - Google Patents
Method for cultivating seedlings of betula alnoides in shallow water Download PDFInfo
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- CN102934572B CN102934572B CN201210385423.0A CN201210385423A CN102934572B CN 102934572 B CN102934572 B CN 102934572B CN 201210385423 A CN201210385423 A CN 201210385423A CN 102934572 B CN102934572 B CN 102934572B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating seedlings of betula alnoides in shallow water. According to the method, seedling cultivation discs filled with matrixes are put in a seedling cultivation pond to achieve an aim of watering by virtue of a soil moisture migration principle, thereby overcoming the defects of the conventional cultivation method. The method can alleviate artificial management on the cultivation of the betula alnoides seedlings, reduces the management difficulty, saves the seedling cultivation cost, obviously shortens the cultivation cycle of the betula alnoides seedlings, reduces disease incidence, and improves an emergence rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forest strong seedling cultivation field, particularly the seedling-cultivating method of Birch.
Background technology
Birch (
betula alnoidesbuch) be the tall and big deciduous tree of Betulaceae (Betulaceae) Betula, the height of tree can reach 30m, more than the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can reach 1m, calls as Mengzi birch, western birch, birch mahogany.Birch trunk is perfectly straight satisfactory, strong adaptability, and impoverishment tolerant, growth is rapidly; Its timber belongs to medium-to-high grade timber, yellowish-brown or bronzing, and texture structure is careful, and weight and hardness are moderate, are mainly used in making medium-to-high grade furniture and timber floor, aircraft plywood and fancy plywood veneer.Birch is distributed widely in China torrid zone, south subtropics and part middle subtropical zone area, Betula alnoides Plantation in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan popularizing area be more than 150,000 hectares, becomes one of this region Major Tree Species Planted.
Cultivate at present Betula alnoides seedlings, generally adopt two-stages seeding method, i.e. bud seedling is cultivated in first stage sowing, and second stage is cultivated container seedling by bag on bud seedling.In the production practices of Betula alnoides seedlings, the subject matter that self-employed tree cultivator, technical staff run into concentrates on the first stage, i.e. the sprout cultivating stage.Because Birch seed is tiny, bud seedling poor growth and delicate, seedling management operation requirements is careful, and especially water management requires very meticulous.Because sowing time requires only about 0.1cm of thickness of earth covering, while watering, seed or bud seedling are spattered in the excessive easy punching of the globule, easily make matrix harden, and water and be difficult to evenly, cross the wet and periphery inadequate phenomenon of watering in the middle of often causing; Water the water yield and be also difficult to hold, excess moisture causes bud seedling easy infection germ, and it is withered dead that overdrying easily causes bud seedling.Many self-employed tree cultivators, technical staff cultivate Birch bud seedling and fail, trace it to its cause, the water management that is the sprout cultivating stage requires stricter, and the water management of bud seedling there are differences under the conditions such as varying environment, matrix, still can not carry out quantitative management, mostly, with personal experience's judgement, during concrete operations, how because grasping the water regime of matrix completely, to cause growing seedlings unsuccessfully.In addition, the growing-seedling period of traditional sprout cultivating method is long, and emergence rate and the regularity of bud seedling differ greatly, and takes a lot of work, time-consuming, and this will produce greatly to the cultivation of container seedling management of next stage and seedling quality affects.
Summary of the invention
The present invention's object is to overcome existing deficiency, and the seedling nursing in shallow water method of a kind of Birch is provided.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A seedling-cultivating method for Birch, comprises the following steps:
1) to matrix and seedling-cultivating tray disinfection respectively;
2) pack matrix into seedling-cultivating tray, make matrix lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm;
3) seedling-cultivating tray that fills matrix is put into nursery pond, to water filling in pond, keep water level higher than matrix 0.3 ± 0.1cm, progressive flooding two days;
4) water was drained in the 3rd day to sowing;
5) after planting, carry out disinfection immediately, and immersion in good time, keep matrix moistening;
6) after bud seedling all sprouts, fertilising in the 1st month every 7～10 days 1 time, later every first quarter moon fertilising is once;
7) after bud seedling all sprouts, within every 10～15 days, spray diseases prevention medicament, note spray medicine and apply fertilizer and must stagger, can not be on the same day;
8) within after planting 60～75 days, can transplant seedlings.
Preferably, above-mentioned matrix is yellow soil, or at least one mixture in itself and perlite, vermiculite, organic substrate, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust.More excellent, above-mentioned matrix is the mixture of yellow soil and vermiculite, its volume ratio is 1:1.
Preferably, before step 1) sterilization, first matrix is screened, make matrix maximum particle diameter≤4mm.
Preferably, the stromal thickness that step 2) packs seedling-cultivating tray into is 5.0 ± 0.1cm.
Preferably, step 3) seedling-cultivating tray, between soaking period, is changed water every day one time.
Preferably, during step 5) immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm is submerged in water, be draining after matrix is completely moistening.
Preferably, the first month that applies fertilizer in step 6) is executed urea, second month sealing fertilizer.Apply fertilizer and carry out after immersion at every turn.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, can reduce manually and manage and protect, and reduces management difficulty, saves the seedling cost of Birch;
Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, can significantly shorten the growing-seedling period of Birch, improves emergence rate, reduces disease incidence simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is seedling nursing device schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is seedling-cultivating tray and water management schematic diagram;
In accompanying drawing: 1 nursery pond; 2 seedling-cultivating trays; 3 water inlet pipes; 4 drainpipes; 5 seedling-cultivating tray height (dish inner height 5.5cm); 6 matrix height (lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm); 7 desalinations are processed height of water level (higher than stromal surface 0.3 ± 0.1cm in dish); 8 seedling raising process middle water level height (higher than substrate base 1.0 ± 0.1cm in dish).
Embodiment
A seedling-cultivating method for Birch, comprises the following steps:
1) to matrix and seedling-cultivating tray disinfection respectively;
2) pack matrix into seedling-cultivating tray, make matrix lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm;
3) seedling-cultivating tray that fills matrix is put into nursery pond, to water filling in pond, keep water level higher than matrix 0.3 ± 0.1cm, progressive flooding two days;
4) water was drained in the 3rd day to sowing;
5) after planting, carry out disinfection immediately, and immersion in good time, keep matrix moistening;
6) after bud seedling all sprouts, fertilising in the 1st month every 7～10 days 1 time, later every first quarter moon fertilising is once;
7) after bud seedling all sprouts, within every 10～15 days, spray diseases prevention medicament, note spray medicine and apply fertilizer and must stagger, can not be on the same day;
8) within after planting 60～75 days, can transplant seedlings.
Preferably, above-mentioned matrix is yellow soil, or at least one mixture in itself and perlite, vermiculite, organic substrate, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust.More excellent, above-mentioned matrix is the mixture of yellow soil and vermiculite, its volume ratio is 1:1.
Preferably, before step 1) sterilization, first matrix is screened, make matrix maximum particle diameter≤4mm.
Preferably, the stromal thickness that step 2) packs seedling-cultivating tray into is 5.0 ± 0.1cm.
Preferably, step 3) seedling-cultivating tray, between soaking period, is changed water every day one time.
Preferably, during step 5) immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm is submerged in water, be draining after matrix is completely moistening.
Preferably, the first month that applies fertilizer in step 6) is executed urea, second month sealing fertilizer.Apply fertilizer and carry out after immersion at every turn.
The principle of the present invention's application Soil Moisture Movement, the seedling-cultivating tray that matrix is housed is put into nursery pond, capillary tension by matrix self migrates moisture automatically to stromal surface, whole process moisture is migrated from bottom to top, agravic water generates, matrix water suction evenly, reaches the object of watering, thereby has overcome the deficiency of traditional breeding method.
According to known to those skilled in the art, nursery pond of the present invention can be little shed or plastic greenhouse, be preferably the greenhouse that full exposure regulates automatically; The bottom of seedling-cultivating tray of the present invention has needed aperture, so that matrix absorbs moisture naturally from seedling tray bottom hole.
Before after planting all sprouting to bud seedling, must keep matrix moistening, immersion in general 2～3 days is processed once; After bud seedling all sprouts, every panorama weather conditions, determine immersion number of times according to the dry wet degree of matrix.It is moistening for spending that stromal surface is take in each immersion, the processing of should not soaking for a long time.
After bud seedling all sprouts, should strengthen plant disease management, spray diseases prevention medicament and adopt 0.1% carbendazim and 0.1% thiophanate methyl alternate treatment; Certainly, according to well-known to those skilled in the art, can also adopt other medicament.Between nursery stage, if find that there is indivedual seedling dish diseases when serious, need be shifted out nursery pond and be carried out sterilization processing, to prevent that the nursery stock of other seedling dish is infected.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, seedling nursing device comprises nursery pond 1; In nursery pond 1, be placed with seedling-cultivating tray 2; Nursery pond is provided with water inlet pipe 3 and drainpipe 4, by water inlet pipe 3, to water filling in pond, drainpipe 4, gets rid of the water management during Chi Zhongshui carry out sprout cultivating.
With reference to Fig. 2, the dish inner height 5 of seedling-cultivating tray is 5.5cm; The matrix height 6 packing in dish is lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm; It is higher than stromal surface 0.3 ± 0.1cm in dish that desalination is processed height of water level 7; Seedling raising process middle water level height 8 is higher than substrate base 1.0 ± 0.1cm in dish.
If no special instructions, in embodiment, the concentration of fertilizer used, disinfectant, diseases prevention medicament all represents with the mass percent of its aqueous solution.
embodiment 1
(1) matrix configuration and sabot
Matrix is elected yellow soil as, and matrix is screened, and sieves or the manual larger part of particle diameter of removing, and screening optimum grain-diameter is between 1～3mm, and maximum particle diameter can not surpass 4mm.
Before sabot, seedling-cultivating tray is cleaned, sterilized.During dress matrix, at the clean newspaper of bottom pad one deck of dish, in case matrix spills from seedling-cultivating tray bottom hole, matrix is lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm, and thickness is 5.0 ± 0.1cm, and stromal surface is paved.
(2) processing after medium in tray and sowing
The seedling-cultivating tray that fills matrix is put into nursery pond, then to water filling in pond, keep pond middle water level higher than seedling-cultivating tray mesostroma 0.3 ± 0.1cm, allow matrix naturally absorb moisture from seedling-cultivating tray bottom hole; Seedling-cultivating tray matrix immersion two days, changes water every day one time, and then plays the effect of matrix being carried out to desalination processing; Within the 3rd day, drain Chi Zhongshui and sow, by the uniform broadcasting of Birch seed in seedling-cultivating tray, skim matrix in its surface cover, approximately invisible seed, and carrying out disinfection with 0.1% carbendazim.
(3) water and fertilizer management after planting
After planting, according to the dry wet degree of matrix, determine immersion number of times, it is moistening for spending that stromal surface is take in each immersion.During immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm is submerged in water, be draining after matrix is completely moistening.After seedling all sprouts, first month sprays 0.1% urea, and fertilising in every 7～10 days once; After this Jiao Shi 0.3% composite fertilizer, every first quarter moon fertilising once.Apply fertilizer and carry out after immersion at every turn.
(4) disease control
Within after bud seedling all sprouts every 10～15 days, spray a diseases prevention medicament, be used alternatingly 0.1% carbendazim and 0.1% thiophanate methyl and process, notice that spray medicine and fertilising stagger; If find that there is during this time indivedual seedling dish diseases when serious, shifted out nursery pond and carry out sterilization processing, in case infect other seedling dish.
(5) nursery effect
Birch sowing starts after 3 days to germinate, and after 75 days, can transplant seedlings, and emergence rate can reach 78%.
Matrix is elected yellow soil and vermiculite as, by yellow soil and vermiculite by volume 1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix, for Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, is sowed after 3 days and germinateed, and after 8～10 days, bud seedling all sprouts, growth is fast and even, after 60 days, can transplant seedlings; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can shift to an earlier date 15 days and transplant seedlings.Emergence rate can reach 90%.
Matrix is elected yellow soil and organic substrate as, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust, by yellow soil and organic substrate by volume 4:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix, for Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, is sowed after 3 days and germinateed, can transplant seedlings, but growth was neat not after 70 days; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can shift to an earlier date 5 days transplants seedlings, compared with 10 days evenings of yellow soil and vermiculite matrix.Emergence rate can reach 80%.
Matrix is elected yellow soil, perlite and organic substrate as, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust, by yellow soil, perlite and organic substrate by volume 3:1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix, for Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, is sowed after 3 days and germinateed, can transplant seedlings, but growth was neat not after 70 days; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can shorten 5 days transplants seedlings, compared with 10 days evenings of yellow soil and vermiculite matrix, consistent with yellow soil and organic substrate.Emergence rate can reach 70%.
Matrix is elected yellow soil, vermiculite and organic substrate as, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust, by yellow soil, vermiculite and organic substrate by volume 3:1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix, for Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, is sowed after 3 days and germinateed, and can transplant seedlings, but disease is more serious after 70 days; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can early be transplanted seedlings for 5 days, compared with yellow soil and 10 days evenings of vermiculite matrix, consistent with embodiment 3 and embodiment 4.Emergence rate can reach 50%.
Matrix is elected yellow soil, vermiculite and perlite as, by yellow soil, vermiculite and organic substrate by volume 3:1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix, for Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, is sowed after 3 days and germinateed, and can transplant seedlings after 65 days, and seedling growth is more consistent; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can early be transplanted seedlings for 10 days, compared with yellow soil and 5 days evenings of vermiculite matrix, with embodiment 3, embodiment 4 and embodiment 55 days in advance.Emergence rate can reach 85%.
From above-described embodiment, the present invention's matrix used yellow soil and vermiculite that most preferably volume ratio is 1:1, adopt this optimum substrate seedling, sows after 3 days and start to germinate, and than traditional seedling-cultivating method, shifts to an earlier date 2～4 days; After 8～10 days, bud seedling all sprouts, and growth is fast and even, after 60 days, can transplant seedlings, and the phase of transplanting seedlings of traditional seedling growing process is taken 30 days to 40 days evening.Adopt the method, emergence rate can reach 90%.
Claims (7)
1. a seedling-cultivating method for Birch, comprises the following steps:
1) to matrix and seedling-cultivating tray disinfection respectively;
2) pack matrix into seedling-cultivating tray, make matrix lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm;
3) seedling-cultivating tray that fills matrix is put into nursery pond, to water filling in pond, keep water level higher than matrix 0.3 ± 0.1cm, progressive flooding two days;
4) water was drained in the 3rd day to sowing;
5) after planting, carry out disinfection immediately, and immersion in good time, keep matrix moistening;
6) after bud seedling all sprouts, fertilising in the 1st month every 7～10 days 1 time, later every first quarter moon fertilising is once;
7) after bud seedling all sprouts, within every 10～15 days, spray diseases prevention medicament, note spray medicine and apply fertilizer and must stagger, can not be on the same day;
8) within after planting 60～75 days, can transplant seedlings;
Described matrix is the mixture of yellow soil and vermiculite, and its volume ratio is 1:1.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: before step 1) sterilization, first matrix is screened, make matrix maximum particle diameter≤4mm.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) stromal thickness that packs seedling-cultivating tray into is 5.0 ± 0.1cm.
4. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3) seedling-cultivating tray, between soaking period, is changed water every day one time.
5. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during step 5) immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm is submerged in water, be draining after matrix is completely moistening.
6. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the first month that applies fertilizer in step 6) is executed urea second month sealing fertilizer.
7. according to the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that: step 6) is applied fertilizer and carried out after immersion at every turn.
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104641918A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-05-27 | 黄振忠 | Seedling growing method for betula alnoides |
| CN110313391B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-10-12 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | Seedling raising method for whole roots in shallow water and air |
| CN110999701B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-07-20 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | Sowing and seedling raising method for birch min seeds |
Citations (2)
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| CN101796922A (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-11 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Betula alnoides leaf bud tissue culture rapid propagation technique |
| CN102657060A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-09-12 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Transplantation and cultivation method for tissue-culture bottle seedlings of betula alnoides |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101796922A (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-11 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Betula alnoides leaf bud tissue culture rapid propagation technique |
| CN102657060A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-09-12 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Transplantation and cultivation method for tissue-culture bottle seedlings of betula alnoides |
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