CN102934572A - Method for cultivating seedlings of betula alnoides in shallow water - Google Patents

Method for cultivating seedlings of betula alnoides in shallow water Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102934572A
CN102934572A CN2012103854230A CN201210385423A CN102934572A CN 102934572 A CN102934572 A CN 102934572A CN 2012103854230 A CN2012103854230 A CN 2012103854230A CN 201210385423 A CN201210385423 A CN 201210385423A CN 102934572 A CN102934572 A CN 102934572A
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seedling
matrix
birch
cultivating
days
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CN102934572B (en
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赵志刚
林开勤
郭俊杰
曾杰
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Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating seedlings of betula alnoides in shallow water. According to the method, seedling cultivation discs filled with matrixes are put in a seedling cultivation pond to achieve an aim of watering by virtue of a soil moisture migration principle, thereby overcoming the defects of the conventional cultivation method. The method can alleviate artificial management on the cultivation of the betula alnoides seedlings, reduces the management difficulty, saves the seedling cultivation cost, obviously shortens the cultivation cycle of the betula alnoides seedlings, reduces disease incidence, and improves an emergence rate.

Description

The seedling nursing in shallow water method of a kind of Birch
Technical field
The present invention relates to forest strong seedling cultivation field, particularly the seedling-cultivating method of Birch.
Background technology
Birch ( Betula alnoidesBuch) be the tall and big deciduous tree of Betulaceae (Betulaceae) Betula, the height of tree can reach 30m, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can reach more than the 1m, calls to be Mengzi birch, western birch, birch mahogany.The Birch trunk is perfectly straight satisfactory, strong adaptability, and impoverishment tolerant, growth is rapidly; Its timber belongs to medium-to-high grade timber, yellowish-brown or bronzing, and texture structure is careful, and weight and hardness are moderate, are mainly used in making medium-to-high grade furniture and timber floor, aircraft plywood and fancy plywood veneer.Birch is distributed widely in China torrid zone, south subtropics and part middle subtropical zone area, Betula alnoides Plantation in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan popularizing area be more than 150,000 hectares, becomes one of this zone Major Tree Species Planted.
Cultivate at present Betula alnoides seedlings, generally adopt the two-stages seeding method, i.e. the bud seedling is cultivated in phase I sowing, and second stage is cultivated container seedling with bag on the bud seedling.In the production practices of Betula alnoides seedlings, the subject matter that self-employed tree cultivator, technical staff run into concentrates on the phase I, i.e. the sprout cultivating stage.Because the Birch seed is tiny, bud seedling poor growth and delicate, the seedling management operation requirements is careful, and especially water management requires very meticulous.Because when sowing requires only about 0.1cm of thickness of earth covering, seed or bud seedling are spattered in the excessive easy punching of the globule when watering, and matrix is hardened, and water and be difficult to evenly, cross wet in the middle of often causing and the peripheral inadequate phenomenon of watering; Water the water yield and also be difficult to hold, excess moisture then causes bud seedling easy infection germ, and it is withered dead that overdrying easily causes the bud seedling.Many self-employed tree cultivators, technical staff cultivate Birch bud seedling and fail, trace it to its cause, the water management that namely is the sprout cultivating stage requires stricter, and the water management of bud seedling there are differences under the conditions such as varying environment, matrix, still can not carry out quantitative management, mostly judge with the personal experience, manyly during concrete operations cause growing seedlings unsuccessfully because of the water regime of matrix on top of.In addition, the growing-seedling period of traditional sprout cultivating method is long, and emergence rate and the regularity of bud seedling differ greatly, and takes a lot of work, time-consuming, and this will produce greatly to the cultivation of container seedling management of next stage and seedling quality affects.
Summary of the invention
The present invention's purpose is to overcome existing not enough, and the seedling nursing in shallow water method of a kind of Birch is provided.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch may further comprise the steps:
1) to matrix and respectively disinfection of seedling-cultivating tray;
2) matrix is packed into seedling-cultivating tray makes matrix be lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm;
The seedling-cultivating tray that 3) will fill matrix is put into nursery pond, and water filling in the pond keeps water level to be higher than matrix 0.3 ± 0.1cm, progressive flooding two days;
4) water was drained in the 3rd day sowing;
5) after planting, carry out disinfection immediately, and in good time immersion, keep matrix moistening;
6) after the bud seedling all sprouts, fertilising in the 1st month per 7~10 days 1 time, later every first quarter moon fertilising is once;
7) after the bud seedling all sprouts, sprayed the diseases prevention medicament in per 10~15 days, note the spray medicine and apply fertilizer and must stagger, can not be on the same day;
8) can transplant seedlings in after planting 60~75 days.
Preferably, above-mentioned matrix is yellow soil, or at least a mixture in itself and perlite, vermiculite, the organic substrate, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust.More excellent, above-mentioned matrix is the mixture of yellow soil and vermiculite, its volume ratio is 1:1.
Preferably, before the step 1) sterilization, first matrix is screened, make matrix maximum particle diameter≤4mm.
Preferably, step 2) pack into the stromal thickness of seedling-cultivating tray is 5.0 ± 0.1cm.
Preferably, the step 3) seedling-cultivating tray is changed water every day one time between soaking period.
Preferably, during the step 5) immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm not being had in the entry, is draining after matrix is fully moistening.
Preferably, the fertilising first month is executed urea, the second month sealing fertilizer in the step 6).Apply fertilizer at every turn and after immersion, carry out.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention can reduce manually and manage and protect, and reduces management difficulty, saves the seedling cost of Birch;
Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention can significantly shorten the growing-seedling period of Birch, improves emergence rate, reduces simultaneously the disease incidence.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the seedling nursing device schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is seedling-cultivating tray and water management schematic diagram;
In the accompanying drawing: 1 nursery pond; 2 seedling-cultivating trays; 3 water inlet pipes; 4 drainpipes; 5 seedling-cultivating tray height (dish inner height 5.5cm); 6 matrix height (are lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm); 7 desalinations are processed height of water level and (are higher than stromal surface 0.3 ± 0.1cm) in the dish; 8 seedling raising process middle water level height (are higher than substrate base 1.0 ± 0.1cm) in the dish.
Embodiment
The seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch may further comprise the steps:
1) to matrix and respectively disinfection of seedling-cultivating tray;
2) matrix is packed into seedling-cultivating tray makes matrix be lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm;
The seedling-cultivating tray that 3) will fill matrix is put into nursery pond, and water filling in the pond keeps water level to be higher than matrix 0.3 ± 0.1cm, progressive flooding two days;
4) water was drained in the 3rd day sowing;
5) after planting, carry out disinfection immediately, and in good time immersion, keep matrix moistening;
6) after the bud seedling all sprouts, fertilising in the 1st month per 7~10 days 1 time, later every first quarter moon fertilising is once;
7) after the bud seedling all sprouts, sprayed the diseases prevention medicament in per 10~15 days, note the spray medicine and apply fertilizer and must stagger, can not be on the same day;
8) can transplant seedlings in after planting 60~75 days.
Preferably, above-mentioned matrix is yellow soil, or at least a mixture in itself and perlite, vermiculite, the organic substrate, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust.More excellent, above-mentioned matrix is the mixture of yellow soil and vermiculite, its volume ratio is 1:1.
Preferably, before the step 1) sterilization, first matrix is screened, make matrix maximum particle diameter≤4mm.
Preferably, step 2) pack into the stromal thickness of seedling-cultivating tray is 5.0 ± 0.1cm.
Preferably, the step 3) seedling-cultivating tray is changed water every day one time between soaking period.
Preferably, during the step 5) immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm not being had in the entry, is draining after matrix is fully moistening.
Preferably, the fertilising first month is executed urea, the second month sealing fertilizer in the step 6).Apply fertilizer at every turn and after immersion, carry out.
The present invention uses the principle of Soil Moisture Movement, the seedling-cultivating tray that matrix is housed is put into nursery pond, capillary tension by matrix self migrates moisture automatically to stromal surface, whole process moisture is migrated from bottom to top, agravic water generates, the matrix suction evenly reaches the purpose of watering, thereby has overcome the deficiency of traditional breeding method.
According to known to those skilled in the art, nursery pond of the present invention can be little shed or plastic greenhouse, be preferably the greenhouse that full exposure is regulated automatically; Aperture need be arranged at the bottom of seedling-cultivating tray of the present invention, so that matrix absorbs moisture naturally from seedling tray bottom hole.
Before after planting all sprouting to the bud seedling, must keep matrix moistening, immersion in general 2~3 days is processed once; After the bud seedling all sprouted, every panorama weather conditions were determined the immersion number of times according to the wet degree of doing of matrix.Each immersion is moistening as degree, the processing of should not soaking for a long time take stromal surface.
Should strengthen plant disease management after the bud seedling all sprouts, spray the diseases prevention medicament and adopt 0.1% carbendazim and 0.1% thiophanate methyl alternate treatment; Certainly, according to well-known to those skilled in the art, can also adopt other medicament.Between nursery stage, if when finding to have indivedual seedling dish diseases serious, need that it is shifted out nursery pond and carry out sterilization processing, be infected with the nursery stock that prevents other seedling dish.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
With reference to Fig. 1, seedling nursing device comprises nursery pond 1; Be placed with seedling-cultivating tray 2 in the nursery pond 1; Nursery pond is provided with water inlet pipe 3 and drainpipe 4, gets rid of the water management during Chi Zhongshui carry out sprout cultivating by water inlet pipe 3 water filling in the pond, drainpipe 4.
With reference to Fig. 2, the dish inner height 5 of seedling-cultivating tray is 5.5cm; The matrix height 6 of packing in the dish is for being lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm; Desalination is processed height of water level 7 for being higher than stromal surface 0.3 ± 0.1cm in the dish; Seedling raising process middle water level height 8 is for being higher than substrate base 1.0 ± 0.1cm in the dish.
If no special instructions, the concentration of used fertilizer, disinfectant, diseases prevention medicament all represents with the mass percent of its aqueous solution among the embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) matrix configuration and sabot
Matrix is elected yellow soil as, and matrix is screened, and sieves or the manual larger part of particle diameter of removing, and the screening optimum grain-diameter is between 1~3mm, and maximum particle diameter can not surpass 4mm.
Before the sabot seedling-cultivating tray is cleaned, sterilizes.During dress matrix, at the clean newspaper of bottom pad one deck of dish, in case matrix spills from seedling-cultivating tray bottom hole, matrix is lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm, and thickness is 5.0 ± 0.1cm, and stromal surface is paved.
(2) processing behind the medium in tray and sowing
The seedling-cultivating tray that fills matrix is put into nursery pond, and then water filling in the pond keeps the pond middle water level to be higher than seedling-cultivating tray mesostroma 0.3 ± 0.1cm, allows matrix naturally absorb moisture from seedling-cultivating tray bottom hole; Water is changed in seedling-cultivating tray matrix immersion two days every day one time, and then plays matrix is carried out the effect that desalination is processed; Drained Chi Zhongshui on the 3rd day and sow, with the uniform broadcasting of Birch seed in seedling-cultivating tray, skim matrix on its surface cover, invisible approximately seed gets final product, and carries out disinfection with 0.1% carbendazim.
(3) water and fertilizer management after planting
After planting, determine the immersion number of times according to the wet degree of doing of matrix, each immersion is moistening as degree take stromal surface.During immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm not being had in the entry, is draining after matrix is fully moistening.After seedling all sprouted, first month sprayed 0.1% urea, and fertilising in per 7~10 days once; After this water and execute 0.3% composite fertilizer, every first quarter moon fertilising once.Apply fertilizer at every turn and after immersion, carry out.
(4) disease control
The bud seedling all sprouts and sprayed a diseases prevention medicament in rear per 10~15 days, is used alternatingly 0.1% carbendazim and 0.1% thiophanate methyl and processes, and notices that spray medicine and fertilising stagger; If when finding to have indivedual seedling dish diseases serious during this time, it is shifted out nursery pond carries out sterilization processing, in case infect other seedling dish.
(5) nursery effect
The Birch sowing begins after 3 days to germinate, and can transplant seedlings after 75 days, and emergence rate can reach 78%.
Embodiment 2
Matrix is elected yellow soil and vermiculite as, with yellow soil and vermiculite by volume 1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix is used for the Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, sows after 3 days and namely germinates, and the bud seedling all sprouts after 8~10 days, and growth is fast and even, can transplant seedlings after 60 days; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can shift to an earlier date 15 days and transplant seedlings.Emergence rate can reach 90%.
Embodiment 3
Matrix is elected yellow soil and organic substrate as, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust, with yellow soil and organic substrate by volume 4:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix is used for the Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, sows after 3 days and namely germinates, and can transplant seedlings after 70 days, but growth is neat not; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can shift to an earlier date 5 days transplants seedlings, than 10 days evenings of yellow soil and vermiculite matrix.Emergence rate can reach 80%.
Embodiment 4
Matrix is elected yellow soil, perlite and organic substrate as, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust, with yellow soil, perlite and organic substrate by volume 3:1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix is used for the Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, sows after 3 days and namely germinates, and can transplant seedlings after 70 days, but growth is neat not; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can shorten 5 days transplants seedlings, than 10 days evenings of yellow soil and vermiculite matrix, consistent with yellow soil and organic substrate.Emergence rate can reach 70%.
Embodiment 5
Matrix is elected yellow soil, vermiculite and organic substrate as, and wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust, with yellow soil, vermiculite and organic substrate by volume 3:1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix is used for the Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, sows after 3 days and namely germinates, and can transplant seedlings after 70 days, but disease is more serious; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can be transplanted seedlings in early 5 days, and is than yellow soil and 10 days evenings of vermiculite matrix, consistent with embodiment 3 and embodiment 4.Emergence rate can reach 50%.
Embodiment 6
Matrix is elected yellow soil, vermiculite and perlite as, with yellow soil, vermiculite and organic substrate by volume 3:1:1 mix.
Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Nursery effect: this proportioning matrix is used for the Birch seedling nursing in shallow water, sows after 3 days and namely germinates, and can transplant seedlings after 65 days, and the seedling growth is more consistent; The more single yellow soil matrix of this matrix seedling nursing in shallow water can be transplanted seedlings in early 10 days, than yellow soil and 5 days evenings of vermiculite matrix, with embodiment 3, embodiment 4 and embodiment 55 days in advance.Emergence rate can reach 85%.
From above-described embodiment as can be known, the used matrix of the present invention most preferably volume ratio is yellow soil and the vermiculite of 1:1, adopts this optimum substrate seedling, sows to begin after 3 days to germinate, and shifts to an earlier date 2~4 days than traditional seedling-cultivating method; The bud seedling all sprouts after 8~10 days, and growth is fast and even, can transplant seedlings after 60 days, and the phase of transplanting seedlings of traditional seedling growing process is then taken 30 days to 40 days evening.Adopt the method, emergence rate can reach 90%.

Claims (9)

1. the seedling-cultivating method of a Birch may further comprise the steps:
1) to matrix and respectively disinfection of seedling-cultivating tray;
2) matrix is packed into seedling-cultivating tray makes matrix be lower than seedling-cultivating tray edge 0.5 ± 0.1cm;
The seedling-cultivating tray that 3) will fill matrix is put into nursery pond, and water filling in the pond keeps water level to be higher than matrix 0.3 ± 0.1cm, progressive flooding two days;
4) water was drained in the 3rd day sowing;
5) after planting, carry out disinfection immediately, and in good time immersion, keep matrix moistening;
6) after the bud seedling all sprouts, fertilising in the 1st month per 7~10 days 1 time, later every first quarter moon fertilising is once;
7) after the bud seedling all sprouts, sprayed the diseases prevention medicament in per 10~15 days, note the spray medicine and apply fertilizer and must stagger, can not be on the same day;
8) can transplant seedlings in after planting 60~75 days.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described matrix is yellow soil, or at least a mixture in itself and perlite, vermiculite, the organic substrate, wherein organic substrate is the mixture of pine bark, retting sawdust and carbonization sawdust.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described matrix is the mixture of yellow soil and vermiculite, its volume ratio is 1:1.
4. according to claim 1, the seedling-cultivating method of 2 or 3 described a kind of Birch, it is characterized in that: before the step 1) sterilization, first matrix is screened, make matrix maximum particle diameter≤4mm.
5. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) stromal thickness of the seedling-cultivating tray of packing into is 5.0 ± 0.1cm.
6. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step 3) seedling-cultivating tray is changed water every day one time between soaking period.
7. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during the step 5) immersion, matrix bottom 1.0 ± 0.1cm not being had in the entry, is draining after matrix is fully moistening.
8. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Birch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fertilising first month is executed urea, the second month sealing fertilizer in the step 6).
9. according to claim 1 or the seedling-cultivating method of 8 described a kind of Birch, it is characterized in that: step 6) is applied fertilizer at every turn and is carried out after immersion.
CN201210385423.0A 2012-10-11 2012-10-11 Method for cultivating seedlings of betula alnoides in shallow water Expired - Fee Related CN102934572B (en)

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104641918A (en) * 2015-03-16 2015-05-27 黄振忠 Seedling growing method for betula alnoides
CN110313391A (en) * 2019-08-16 2019-10-11 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 A kind of method for culturing seedlings of shallow water air quality grade
CN110999701A (en) * 2019-12-11 2020-04-14 福建省林业科学研究院(福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院) Sowing and seedling raising method for birch min seeds

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104641918A (en) * 2015-03-16 2015-05-27 黄振忠 Seedling growing method for betula alnoides
CN110313391A (en) * 2019-08-16 2019-10-11 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 A kind of method for culturing seedlings of shallow water air quality grade
CN110313391B (en) * 2019-08-16 2021-10-12 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 Seedling raising method for whole roots in shallow water and air
CN110999701A (en) * 2019-12-11 2020-04-14 福建省林业科学研究院(福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院) Sowing and seedling raising method for birch min seeds
CN110999701B (en) * 2019-12-11 2021-07-20 福建省林业科学研究院(福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院) Sowing and seedling raising method for birch min seeds

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