CN105594531A - Paddy and dry farmland combined rice seedling raising method - Google Patents
Paddy and dry farmland combined rice seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594531A CN105594531A CN201610048949.8A CN201610048949A CN105594531A CN 105594531 A CN105594531 A CN 105594531A CN 201610048949 A CN201610048949 A CN 201610048949A CN 105594531 A CN105594531 A CN 105594531A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice seedling raising method which is a seedling raising method firstly adopting a paddy farmland and then adopting a dry farmland. The rice seedling raising method comprises the following steps: (1) producing a seedling board; (2) forming an irrigation and drainage ditch; (3) erecting a rainproof shed; (4) placing disks to sow; (5) irrigating to emerge seedlings; (6) draining to carry out dry breeding, enabling emerging seedlings to be in a state that the seedlings grow to 3 to 5 leaves, and during the period, controlling the water level according to the growth process of the seedlings. The rice seedling raising method disclosed by the invention is designed for water requirement rules of seedling emergence of seeds and seedling growth; in the stage of seedling emergence of the seeds, firstly, water coverage is carried out to guarantee seedling raising soil to be wet so as to promote seedling emergence of the seeds; during the period of rice seedling growth, the deep ditch is formed to drain, and according to the growth and development process of root systems and leaves, the water level of a rice field is reasonably controlled by using the leaf age of main stem seedlings as the standard; moreover, the rainproof shed is designed above a seedbed so as to achieve dry breeding of the seedlings, thereby cultivating machine transplanted strong seedlings and achieving high yield and high efficiency of machine transplanted seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice nursery method of floods and droughts combination.
Background technology
Rice machine rice transplanting is the main development direction that the modern rice of China makes technology, and rural laborer is shifted and old-age groupUnder change condition, stablize grain-production, improve rice yield, advance paddy rice large-scale production, raise labour productivitySignificant. Along with socio-economic development, rural laborer shifts and aging, under policy support,China's rice machine rice transplanting development rapidly. Cultivating strong seedling is the key of transplanting application success, is restricting current machineryThe key of rice transplanting, needs to cultivate emerge evenly healthy and strong, grow consistent, suitable rice shoot of the length of time rice seedlings grow. General transplantingSeedling height of seedling requires between 12～18cm, and the too high damage to rice shoot is larger, and is unfavorable for transplanting operation.
China's rice mechanical transplanting seedling at present mainly contains non-irrigated seedling and moistening watery ricenursery method, and non-irrigated method of raising seedling is used conventionallyThe environment of seedling in booth, can not be subject to the impact of outside moisture, supplies water taking spray as main, has soil aerationProperty good, well developed root system, the healthy and strong advantage of rice shoot, but because moisture content is less, the initial stage germination period of seed is to technologyHeight, the easy germination percentage that affects not in place, in the season of high temperature, the too high drought that is not suitable for of canopy temperature is educated; Moistening waterMethod of raising seedling is conventionally in paddy field, and moisture content is more abundant, comparatively favourable to the initial stage germination period of seed, but at rice shootIn growth course, because moisture content is more, the gas permeability of soil is poor, and the root growth and development of rice shoot is not vigorous, seedlingSeedling is partially carefully partially long, under the condition of high temperature the growth of rice shoot too fast, there is the little and seedling quality of rice shoot seedling age elasticityThe problems such as difference. For extending rice shoot seedling age elasticity, adopt sprays paclobutrazol control seedling growth more, and if paclobutrazolUse in a large number, easily residual in soil, affect paddy rice normal growth.
To sum up statement, develop a kind of emergence rate high, be easy to management and control, be beneficial to the paddy rice of rice shoot root growthMethod of raising seedling has important economic implications and benefit.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the present invention is directed to the law of needing the water of seed sprouting and seedling growth, provide onePlant the method for raising rice seedlings, for the method for raising seedling of drought after first water, in the seed sprouting stage, first cover water and ensure seedlingGround moistening, to promote seed sprouting, during seedling growth, is opened zanjon draining, according to root system and leaf growthDevelopmental process, taking stem seedling leaf as standard, rationally controls rice seedling bed water level, and above seedbed, designs rainproofFluffy, realize rice shoot drought and educate, to cultivate machine transplanting of rice strong sprout, realize transplanting high-yield and high-efficiency.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A method for raising rice seedlings, comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling plate is made: smooth seedling field, and topsoil plough shallowly (shallow plowing the degree of depth 10～20 centimetres be advisable),Compacting after ploughing, makes topsoil form the state of pine under reality; , smooth rear making seedling plate, 1.4 meters of seedling plate width ±0.2 meter (2 seedling dishes of suitable yaw); Conventional fertilizer application;
(2) irrigation ditch that begins to rehearse: rice seedling bed surrounding and in the middle of open zanjon so that moisture irrigation and drainage are convenient; In phaseBetween adjacent seedling plate, open seedling ditch;
Preferably, the width of described zanjon is 50 centimetres, and the degree of depth is 40 centimetres, and the width of described seedling ditch is30 centimetres, the degree of depth is 20 centimetres; When trench digging, the earth hook of seedling ditch position is shoveled to furrow face with hoe or scoopUpper, and furrow face is struck off with batten;
(3) take rain-proof shelter: above seedling field, build transparent rainproof frame and (make rainwater not affect seedling-cultivation plateThe water content of upper seedling soil), rainproof frame covered rearing rice seedling bed, but do not comprise irrigation and drainage ditch; The height of rainproof frameDegree is advisable not affect rice shoot ventilation and to be convenient to manager works, and the wide seedling-cultivation plate of wanting to cover field of canopy, canMake in the time of rain, rainwater does not drop on the rice seedling bed under seedling-cultivation plate and seedling-cultivation plate, but comes the zanjon on limit, rice seedling bedIn, the moisture content in rice seedling bed can only regulate by the zanjon on limit, field, plays anti-heavy rain and break up seed between the seeding stage, emergesPlay every rain effect afterwards, prevent the seedling-cultivation plate that drenches with rain, improve non-irrigated seedling effect;
(4) balance sowing: the rectangle seedling-cultivation plate that is provided with limit wall with periphery is as seedling carrier, by usingSprout cultivation seeder or artificial mode add the appropriate seedling soil (base of 0.5～0.8 cm thick in seedling-cultivation plateMatter or table soil), and be laid in seedling-cultivation plate, in dish, sprinkle uniformly rice paddy seed (hybrid paddy rice application rate 60～80 grams/dish, 0.16 square metre of every dish sowing; 90～120 grams/dish of conventional Rice application rate, every dish sowing 0.16Square metre); Seedling-cultivation plate is after planting placed on the seedling plate of seedling field, and makes seedling-cultivation plate at transparent rain-proof shelterUnder the covering of frame;
Preferably, the specification size of described seedling-cultivation plate is: long 58 centimetres, wide 28 centimetres, high 2.8 centimetres;
Preferably, adopt bowl blanket-shaped seedling-cultivation plate to sow: bowl blanket-shaped seedling-cultivation plate installs bed soil for raising seedlings or baseMatter, after planting, the balance that tiles successively on seedling plate, dish is put neatly with dish, after balance, presses with have gentle hands, makes dishThe end and furrow face fit tightly;
(5) pour water and emerge: complete balance and after planting start by the row irrigation watery ricenursery that irrigates through furrow, by seedling ditchPour water until reach the top edge of seedling-cultivation plate to water level, carry out watery ricenursery; Sow to maintaining water layer between the seeding stage highDegree;
(6) draining is grown seedlings: (the South Rice Region of China single harvest rice and late rice seedling need emerge～seedling growth to 3.5 leafTake 12～15 days), seedling Tanaka's water is discharged to decline water level by seedling ditch, the stage of carrying out non-irrigated seedling,According to seedling growth process reasonable water level control, specific as follows during this: before 1 heart stage of leaf, rice shoot root systemShallow, seedling ditch water level keeps flushing with seedling face (seedling face refers to the soil layer place plane of seedling plate); Wholeheartedly after date of two leaves,Along with rice shoot root growth, seedling ditch water level is lower than 3～5 centimetres, seedling face; 3 leaf after dates, anhydrous in seedling ditch; TreatMore than seedling growth to 3 leaf, when 12～18 centimetres of heights of seedling, rice shoot can be used for the machine transplanting of rice.
Non-irrigated paddy rice nursery method after first water of the present invention, be for the law of needing the water of seed sprouting and seedling growth andDesign, in the seed sprouting stage, first covers water guarantee seedling ground moistening and emerges with promotion, during seedling growth,The zanjon that digs trenches to drain the water away, according to root system and leaf growth developmental process, taking stem seedling leaf as standard, rationally controlRice seedling bed processed water level, and design rain-proof fluffied above seedbed, realizes rice shoot drought and educates, and to cultivate machine transplanting of rice strong sprout, realizesTransplanting high-yield and high-efficiency. The inventive method has following characteristic:
(1) after planting fully pour water between the seeding stage, ensure that bed soil is moistening, neat to ensure to emerge soon;After emerging, drought is educated, and promotes root growth, improves seedling quality, cultivates strong seedling;
(2) educate and rainproof for improving drought, above seedling plate, put up a shed, covered with plastic film on canopy, between the seeding stagePlay anti-heavy rain and break up seed, after emerging, play every rain effect, be adapted at southern rainy seedling in season, during this timeCan prevent from drenching with rain, improve non-irrigated seedling effect;
(3) carry out drought according to seedling growth process and seedling ditch water level after emerging and educate control water, before 1 heart stage of leaf,Rice shoot root system is more shallow, and seedling ditch water level keeps flushing with seedling face substantially; Wholeheartedly after date of two leaves, along with rice shoot root system is rawLength exists, and seedling ditch water level is lower than 3～5 centimetres, plane; 3 leaf after dates, substantially anhydrous in seedling ditch. As long as educate during this timeSeedling bed soil non-whitening, does not pour water substantially.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
In following embodiment, related instrument, reagent, material etc., unless otherwise noted, be prior artIn existing conventional instrument, reagent, material etc., can obtain by regular commercial sources. Institute in following embodimentThe experimental technique relating to, detection method etc., unless otherwise noted, are existing normal experiment in prior artMethod, detection method etc.
Embodiment raising rice seedlings
Step is as follows:
(1) seedling plate is made: select to fill with and arrange easily 2 mu, rice seedling bed, first pour water and soak 2 days, then use rotary tillageMachine is ploughed shallowly to topsoil, 10～20 centimetres of the shallow plowing degree of depth, smooth rear making seedling plate, 1.4 meters of seedling plate width(2 seedling dishes of suitable yaw); Fertilising: execute answering of 60 grams of N, P, K ratio each 15% in every square metre of seedling plateApply fertilizer in Hefei;
(2) irrigation ditch that begins to rehearse: rice seedling bed surrounding and in the middle of open zanjon so that moisture irrigation and drainage are convenient; In phaseBetween adjacent seedling plate, open seedling ditch; The width of zanjon is advisable with 50 centimetres, and the degree of depth is advisable with 40 centimetres; Seedling ditchWidth be advisable with 30 centimetres, the degree of depth is advisable with 20 centimetres; When trench digging, with hoe by the earth of seedling ditch positionBe hooked on furrow face, and furrow face struck off with batten;
(3) take rain-proof shelter: above seedling-cultivation plate, set up transparent rain cover frame, make rainwater not affect seedlingThe water content of seedling soil on dish; Make seedling field remain certain being dried; Above seedling plate, certain altitude is takenBright rain-proof shelter, height is advisable not affect rice shoot ventilation and to be convenient to manager works, and wide the wanting of canopy can cover fieldSeedling-cultivation plate, can make in the time of rain, rainwater does not drop on the rice seedling bed under seedling-cultivation plate and seedling-cultivation plate, but comesIn the zanjon on limit, rice seedling bed, the moisture content in rice seedling bed can only be adjusted and between seedling stage, be played anti-heavy rain punching by the depth of water ditch on limit, fieldLoose seed, plays every rain effect after emerging, and prevents the seedling-cultivation plate that drenches with rain, and improves non-irrigated seedling effect;
(4) balance sowing: adopt bowl blanket-shaped transplanting tray to sow: bowl blanket-shaped transplanting tray installsBed soil for raising seedlings or matrix, the balance that tiles successively on seedling plate, dish is put neatly with dish, after balance, presses with have gentle hands,Making to try to get to the heart of a matter fits tightly with furrow face, then sowing: kind that the present embodiment is broadcast is excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang, application rate80 grams/dish; After planting cover matrix or the table soil of 0.5～0.8 cm thick; By seedling-cultivation plate form after plantingNeatly be placed on seedling field;
(5) pour water and emerge: seedling dish is poured water after putting, sow that (water layer is high to maintaining water layer height between the seeding stageIn seedling board plane, lower than seedling seedling web edge) thus realizing bed soil in seedling dish fully suctions moisture, ensures to emergeFast and neat;
(6) draining drought is educated: (time of the present embodiment is 15 days to emerge～seedling growth to 3.5 leaf, emergesNeatly, emergence rate 84.8%), during this, enter a layer reasonable water level control according to seedling growth, accomplish non-irrigated seedling,Specific as follows: before 1 heart stage of leaf, rice shoot root system is more shallow, (seedling face refers to seedling plate to the maintenance of seedling ditch water level with seedling faceSoil layer place plane) flush; Wholeheartedly after date of two leaves, along with rice shoot root growth, seedling ditch water level is lower than seedling face3～5 centimetres; 3 leaf after dates, anhydrous in seedling ditch; Need only during this time bed soil for raising seedlings non-whitening, without pouring water; Treat seedlingMore than seedling grows to 3 leaves, when 12～18 centimetres of heights of seedling, rice shoot can be used for the machine transplanting of rice (in the present embodiment, from broadcastingKind to more than seedling growth to 3.4 leaf, when 15.3 centimetres of average height of seedlings, the time is 15 days, and root system is on average longDegree is 13.4 centimetres).
Meanwhile, carry out seedling with the non-irrigated seedling of tradition, traditional moistening method of raising seedling, area is similarly 2 mu, sowingAmount is in table 1, and non-irrigated seedling prior to seeding soil irrigates moisture content, then keeps bed soil dry, during seedling growth onlyIn the time of lack of water, just keep the skin wet; Water-raised seedling keeps seedling bed moistening in the seeding stage, and seedling ditch is anhydrous, after emerging, does not fill withFurrow waterborne, after planting moistening to 1 leaf 1 heart stage maintenance bed soil, keep there is shallow water on seedling bed later.
Above-mentioned three kinds of method of raising seedling are added up emergence rate, average height of seedling, flat in the time that seedling growth to 3.4 leaf is aboveAll root is long, and result is as shown in table 1. Can find out by table 1, method of the present invention, compared with conventional method, emergence rate is higher, and root is longer, and rice shoot is more strong.
The comparison of table 1 the present invention and common method of raising seedling
| Method of raising seedling | Application rate (gram/dish) | Emergence rate (%) | Height of seedling (cm) | Root long (cm) |
| The present invention | 80 | 84.8 | 15.3 | 13.4 |
| The non-irrigated seedling of tradition | 100 | 65.3 | 15.2 | 12.3 |
| Tradition water-raised seedling | 90 | 82.1 | 17.8 | 10.5 |
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned, not to the present invention in conjunction with the embodimentsThe restriction of protection domain, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention,Those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendments that creative work can make or distortion still in the present inventionProtection domain in.
Claims (3)
1. a method for the raising rice seedlings of floods and droughts combination, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) seedling plate is made: smooth seedling field, and topsoil is ploughed shallowly, and compacting after ploughing makes topsoil form the state of pine under reality;
(2) irrigation ditch that begins to rehearse: rice seedling bed surrounding and in the middle of open zanjon; Between adjacent seedling plate, open seedling ditch;
(3) take rain-proof shelter: above seedling field, build transparent rainproof frame, rainproof frame covered rearing rice seedling bed;
(4) balance sowing: the rectangle seedling-cultivation plate that is provided with limit wall with periphery is as seedling carrier, by use Sprout cultivation seeder orArtificial mode adds appropriate seedling soil, and is laid in seedling-cultivation plate in seedling-cultivation plate, sprinkles uniformly rice paddy seed in dish;Seedling-cultivation plate is after planting placed on the seedling plate of seedling field, and makes seedling-cultivation plate under the covering of transparent rainproof frame;
(5) pour water and emerge: complete balance and after planting start by the row irrigation watery ricenursery that irrigates through furrow, pour water until to water by seedling ditchPosition reaches the top edge of seedling-cultivation plate, carries out watery ricenursery; Sow to maintaining water layer height between the seeding stage;
(6) draining is grown seedlings: emerge～seedling growth to 3.5 leaf, seedling Tanaka's water is discharged to decline water level by seedling ditch,Carry out the stage of non-irrigated seedling, according to seedling growth process reasonable water level control, specific as follows during this: before 1 heart stage of leaf, seedlingDitch water level keeps flushing with seedling face; Wholeheartedly after date of two leaves, seedling ditch water level is lower than 3～5 centimetres, seedling face; 3 leaf after dates, nothing in seedling ditchWater.
2. the method for raising rice seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), and the shallow plowing degree of depth10～20 centimetres.
3. the method for raising rice seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), described zanjonWidth is 50 centimetres, and the degree of depth is 40 centimetres, and the width of described seedling ditch is 30 centimetres, and the degree of depth is 20 centimetres.
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| CN201610048949.8A CN105594531B (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | The paddy rice nursery method that a kind of floods and droughts combines |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106034881A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-10-26 | 中国水稻研究所 | High-yield rice cultivating method capable of increasing oxygen for root systems, strengthening stalks and preventing rice from lodging |
| CN109744100A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-14 | 吉林米莲花农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of dry~sowing paddy seed |
| CN111869525A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-03 | 周纯有 | Seedling raising method for rice seedlings |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106034881A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-10-26 | 中国水稻研究所 | High-yield rice cultivating method capable of increasing oxygen for root systems, strengthening stalks and preventing rice from lodging |
| CN109744100A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-14 | 吉林米莲花农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of dry~sowing paddy seed |
| CN111869525A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-03 | 周纯有 | Seedling raising method for rice seedlings |
| CN111869525B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-03-25 | 周纯有 | Seedling raising method for rice seedlings |
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| CN105594531B (en) | 2018-06-19 |
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