CN105594531B - The paddy rice nursery method that a kind of floods and droughts combines - Google Patents
The paddy rice nursery method that a kind of floods and droughts combines Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594531B CN105594531B CN201610048949.8A CN201610048949A CN105594531B CN 105594531 B CN105594531 B CN 105594531B CN 201610048949 A CN201610048949 A CN 201610048949A CN 105594531 B CN105594531 B CN 105594531B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of raising rice seedlings, for method of raising seedling non-irrigated after first water, include the following steps：(1) seedling plate makes；(2) begin to rehearse irrigation ditch；(3) rain-proof shelter is taken；(4) balance is sowed；(5) it pours water emergence；(6) draining drought is educated, emergence~seedling growth to 3.5 leaves, according to seedling growth Process flowchart water level during this.The paddy rice nursery method of the present invention is to be directed to the law of needing the water of seed sprouting and seedling growth and design, in the seed sprouting stage, it first covers water and ensures seedling ground moistening to promote seed sprouting, during seedling growth, zanjon draining is opened, according to root system and leaf growth developmental process, using stem seedling leaf as standard, rationally control rice seedling bed water level, and rain-proof fluffied is designed above seedbed, realize that rice shoot drought is educated, to cultivate machine transplanting of rice strong sprout, transplanting high-yield and high-efficiency is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the paddy rice nursery methods that a kind of floods and droughts combines.
Background technology
Rice planting technology is the main direction of development of China's modern times rice technology, to country labor force transfer and aging item
Stablize grain-production under part, improve rice yield, promote rice large-scale production, raise labour productivity and be of great significance.
With socio-economic development, country labor force transfer and aging, under policy support, China's rice planting technology is quickly grown.
It is the key that transplanting application success to cultivate strong seedling, is the key that restricting current machine rice transplantation, need to cultivate emergence it is uniformly healthy and strong,
The rice shoot that growth is consistent, the length of time rice seedlings grow is suitable.General machine transplanting of rice rice shoot height of seedling is required between 12~18cm, the too high damage to rice shoot compared with
Greatly, and be unfavorable for transplanting operation.
China's rice mechanical transplanting seedling at present mainly has dry rice seedling and moistening watery ricenursery method, and dry rice seedling method is generally used for greatly
The environment of seedling in canopy, can not be influenced by outside moisture, be supplied water based on spray, good with soil aeration, well developed root system,
Rice shoot stalwartness advantage, but since moisture content is less, the initial stage germination period of seed is higher to technology, easy influence germination percentage not in place,
The season of high temperature, the excessively high unsuitable drought of canopy temperature are educated；Watery ricenursery method is moistened usually in paddy field, moisture content is more abundant, right
Advantageously, but during seedling growth, since moisture content is more, the gas permeability of soil is poor, rice shoot for the initial stage germination period of seed
Root growth and development it is not vigorous, rice shoot is partially thin partially long, and the growth of rice shoot is too fast under conditions of high temperature, rice shoot length of time rice seedlings grow bullet occurs
The problems such as small and seedling quality of property is poor.To extend rice shoot seedling age elasticity, mostly using paclobutrazol control seedling growth is sprayed, and if more
Effect azoles is largely applied, and is easily remained in the soil, is influenced rice normal growth.
It to sum up states, develops a kind of emergence rate height, is easily managed and controls, the raising rice seedlings side conducive to rice shoot root growth
Method has important economic implications and benefit.
Invention content
For the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a kind of water for the law of needing the water of seed sprouting and seedling growth
The method of rice seedling for method of raising seedling non-irrigated after first water, in the seed sprouting stage, first covers water and ensures seedling ground moistening to promote
Seed sprouting during seedling growth, opens zanjon draining, according to root system and leaf growth developmental process, with stem seedling leaf
For standard, rice seedling bed water level is rationally controlled, and rain-proof fluffied is designed above seedbed, realize that rice shoot drought is educated, it is real to cultivate machine transplanting of rice strong sprout
Existing transplanting high-yield and high-efficiency.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of raising rice seedlings, includes the following steps：
(1) seedling plate makes：Smooth seedling field, topsoil are ploughed shallowly (10~20 centimetres of shallow plowing depth is advisable), are pressed after ploughing
It is real, topsoil is made to form state loose under reality；, seedling plate is made after smooth, 1.4 meters ± 0.2 meter of seedling plate width is (suitable for sideway 2
Seedling disk)；Conventional fertilizer application；
(2) begin to rehearse irrigation ditch：Surrounding and zanjon is opened in the middle, in rice seedling bed in order to which moisture irrigation and drainage are convenient；Adjacent seedling plate it
Between open seedling ditch；
Preferably, the width of the zanjon is 50 centimetres, and depth is 40 centimetres, and the width of the seedling ditch is 30 centimetres,
Depth is 20 centimetres；During trench digging, the soil hook of seedling ditch position is shoveled onto furrow face with hoe or scoop, and furrow face is scraped with batten
It is flat；
(3) rain-proof shelter is taken：Transparent rain-proof frame is built above seedling field (makes rainwater not influence seedling soil on seedling-cultivation plate
Water content), rain-proof frame covered rearing rice seedling bed, but not include irrigation and drainage ditch；The height of rain-proof frame is divulged information with not influencing rice shoot
It is advisable with convenient for manager works, the wide seedling-cultivation plate that can cover field of canopy can make in rain, rainwater is not fallen in seedling
It on rice seedling bed under disk and seedling-cultivation plate, but comes in the zanjon on rice seedling bed side, the moisture content in rice seedling bed can only be adjusted by the zanjon on field side
Section, plays anti-heavy rain and breaks up seed, serve after emergence every rain during emergence, prevent from drenching with rain to seedling-cultivation plate, improve dry rice seedling effect；
(4) balance is sowed：By the use of rectangle seedling-cultivation plate of the periphery equipped with side wall as seedling carrier, by using seedling planting
Machine or artificial mode add in appropriate seedling soil (matrix or the table soil of 0.5~0.8 cm thick) in seedling-cultivation plate, and are laid in
In seedling-cultivation plate, rice paddy seed (60~80 grams/disk of hybrid paddy rice application rate, 0.16 square metre of often disk sowing are uniformly sprinkled in disk；
90~120 grams/disk of conventional Rice application rate, 0.16 square metre of often disk sowing)；Seedling-cultivation plate after planting is placed in seedling field seedling plate
On, and make seedling-cultivation plate under the covering of transparent rain-proof frame；
Preferably, the specification size of the seedling-cultivation plate is：It is 58 centimetres long, it is 28 centimetres wide, it is 2.8 centimetres high；
Preferably, it is sowed using bowl blanket-shaped seedling-cultivation plate：Bowl blanket-shaped seedling-cultivation plate installs bed soil for raising seedlings or matrix, broadcasts
After kind, tile balance successively on seedling plate, and disk is put neatly with disk, is gently pressed with hand after balance, making to try to get to the heart of a matter fits closely with furrow face；
(5) it pours water emergence：Complete balance and after planting begin through row irrigation furrow irrigation watery ricenursery, poured water by seedling ditch until
Water level reaches the top edge of seedling-cultivation plate, carries out watery ricenursery；Sowing maintains water layer height during extremely emerging；
(6) draining nursery：To 3.5 leaves, (the South Rice Region of China single harvest rice and late rice seedling need 12~15 to emergence~seedling growth
My god), the water of seedling Tanaka by seedling ditch is discharged and declines water level, carries out stage of dry rice seedling, according to seedling growth during this
Process reasonable water level control, it is specific as follows：Before 1 heart stage of one leaf, rice shoot root system is shallower, and (seedling face is the holding of seedling ditch water level with seedling face
Plane where referring to the soil layer of seedling plate) it flushes；After one heart stage of two leaves, with rice shoot root growth, seedling ditch water level is less than seedling face 3~5
Centimetre；It is anhydrous in seedling ditch after 3 leaf phases；It treats more than seedling growth to 3 leaves, during 12~18 centimetres of height of seedling, rice shoot can be used for the machine transplanting of rice.
Non-irrigated paddy rice nursery method after the first water of the present invention, is to be directed to the law of needing the water of seed sprouting and seedling growth and set
Meter in the seed sprouting stage, first covers water and ensures seedling ground moistening to promote to emerge, during seedling growth, dig trenches to drain the water away depth
Ditch according to root system and leaf growth developmental process, using stem seedling leaf as standard, rationally controls rice seedling bed water level, and in seedbed
Rain-proof fluffied is designed in top, realizes that rice shoot drought is educated, and to cultivate machine transplanting of rice strong sprout, realizes transplanting high-yield and high-efficiency.The method of the present invention has
Following characteristic：
(1) it after planting fully pours water to during emerging, ensures bed soil moistening, to ensure that emergence is fast and neat；It is non-irrigated after emergence
It educates, promotes root growth, improve seedling quality, cultivate strong seedling；
(2) it is educated and rain-proof to improve drought, puts up a shed above seedling plate, plastic film is covered on canopy, anti-heavy rain is played during emergence
The effect of seed is broken up, is served after emergence every rain, is suitble to, in the rainy season seedling in south, during which to prevent from drenching with rain, improve drought
Seedling effect；
(3) drought is carried out according to seedling growth process and seedling ditch water level after emerging and educates control water, before 1 heart stage an of leaf, rice shoot root system
Shallower, seedling ditch water level keeps flushing with seedling face substantially；After one heart stage of two leaves, as rice shoot root growth exists, seedling ditch water level is less than
3~5 centimetres of plane；It is substantially anhydrous in seedling ditch after 3 leaf phases.As long as period bed soil for raising seedlings non-whitening, does not pour water substantially.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Involved instrument, reagent, material etc., are existing in the prior art unless otherwise noted in following embodiments
Conventional instrument, reagent, material etc., can be obtained by regular commercial sources.Involved experimental method in following embodiments, inspection
Survey method etc. is existing routine experiment method, detection method etc. in the prior art unless otherwise noted.
Embodiment raising rice seedlings
Step is as follows：
(1) seedling plate makes：Selection, which fills, arranges convenient 2 mu of rice seedling bed, immersion 2 days of first pouring water, then with rotary cultivator to topsoil
It ploughs shallowly, 10~20 centimetres of shallow plowing depth makes seedling plate, 1.4 meters of seedling plate width after smooth (suitable for 2 seedling disks of sideway)；It applies
Fertilizer：The composite fertilizer that 60 grams of N, P, K ratios each 15% are applied in every square metre of seedling plate applies fertilizer；
(2) begin to rehearse irrigation ditch：Surrounding and zanjon is opened in the middle, in rice seedling bed in order to which moisture irrigation and drainage are convenient；Adjacent seedling plate it
Between open seedling ditch；The width of zanjon is advisable with 50 centimetres, and depth is advisable with 40 centimetres；The width of seedling ditch is advisable with 30 centimetres,
Depth is advisable with 20 centimetres；During trench digging, the soil of seedling ditch position is hooked in furrow face, and furrow face is struck off with batten with hoe；
(3) rain-proof shelter is taken：Transparent rain cover frame is set up in the top of seedling-cultivation plate, rainwater is made not influence seedling on seedling-cultivation plate
The water content of soil；Seedling field is made to remain certain drying；Certain altitude takes rain-repellent canopy above seedling plate, highly with not
It influences rice shoot ventilation and is advisable convenient for manager works, the wide seedling-cultivation plate that can cover field of canopy can make in rain, rain
Water is not fallen on the rice seedling bed under seedling-cultivation plate and seedling-cultivation plate, but is come in the zanjon on rice seedling bed side, and the moisture content in rice seedling bed can only pass through field
The depth of water ditch on side breaks up seed to play anti-heavy rain during adjusting emergence, serves after emergence every rain, prevents from drenching with rain to seedling-cultivation plate, carry
High dry rice seedling effect；
(4) balance is sowed：It is sowed using bowl blanket-shaped transplanting tray：Bowl blanket-shaped transplanting tray installs bed soil for raising seedlings
Or matrix, tile balance successively on seedling plate, and disk is put neatly with disk, is gently pressed with hand after balance, is made to try to get to the heart of a matter and closely be pasted with furrow face
It closes, then sows：The present embodiment broadcasts kind as excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang, 80 grams/disk of application rate；After planting cover 0.5~0.8 centimetre
Thick matrix or table soil；Seedling disk-form after planting is neatly placed on seedling field；
(5) it pours water emergence：Seedling disk is poured water after putting, and to water layer height is maintained during emerging, (water layer is put down higher than seedling plate for sowing
Face, less than seedling seedling disk edge) so as to fulfill bed soil in seedling disk fully suction moisture, ensure that emergence is fast and neat；
(6) draining drought is educated：To 3.5 leaves, (time of the present embodiment is 15 days to emergence~seedling growth, and emergence is neat, emergence
Rate 84.8%), dry rice seedling is accomplished into layer reasonable water level control according to seedling growth during this, it is specific as follows：Before 1 heart stage of one leaf,
Rice shoot root system is shallower, and seedling ditch water level keeps flushing with seedling face (plane where seedling face refers to the soil layer of seedling plate)；After one heart stage of two leaves,
With rice shoot root growth, seedling ditch water level is less than 3~5 centimetres of seedling face；It is anhydrous in seedling ditch after 3 leaf phases；As long as period bed soil for raising seedlings
Non-whitening, without pouring water；It treats more than seedling growth to 3 leaves, during 12~18 centimetres of height of seedling, rice shoot can be used for the machine transplanting of rice (the present embodiment
In, from sowing to it is more than seedling growth to 3.4 leaves, 15.3 centimetres of average height of seedling when, the time is 15 days, and root system average length is
13.4 centimetre).
Meanwhile seedling is carried out with traditional dry rice seedling, tradition moistening method of raising seedling, area is similarly 2 mu, and application rate is shown in Table 1,
Soil irrigates moisture content to dry rice seedling prior to seeding, then keeps bed soil drying, only just keeps the skin wet in water shortage during seedling growth；
Water-raised seedling keeps seedling bed moistening in the seeding stage, and seedling ditch is anhydrous, upper furrow of not pouring water after emergence, after planting keeps bed to 1 heart stage of 1 leaf
Soil moistening keeps having shallow water on seedling bed later.
Above-mentioned three kinds of method of raising seedling, statistics emergence rate, average height of seedling, average root long when more than seedling growth to 3.4 leaves,
The results are shown in Table 1.It can be seen from Table 1 that method of the invention, compared with conventional method, emergence rate higher, root long is more
Long, rice shoot is more strong.
1 present invention of table and the comparison of common method of raising seedling
| Method of raising seedling | Application rate (gram/disk) | Emergence rate (%) | Height of seedling (cm) | Root long (cm) |
| The present invention | 80 | 84.8 | 15.3 | 13.4 |
| Traditional dry rice seedling | 100 | 65.3 | 15.2 | 12.3 |
| Traditional water-raised seedling | 90 | 82.1 | 17.8 | 10.5 |
Although above-mentioned be described the specific embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments, not the present invention is protected
The limitation of range, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art
The various modifications or changes that can be made are not needed to make the creative labor still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for the raising rice seedlings that floods and droughts combines, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) seedling plate makes：Smooth seedling field, topsoil are ploughed shallowly, and are compacted after ploughing, topsoil is made to form state loose under reality；
(2) begin to rehearse irrigation ditch：In rice seedling bed surrounding and zanjon is opened in the middle；Seedling ditch is opened between adjacent seedling plate；
(3) rain-proof shelter is taken：Transparent rain-proof frame, rain-proof frame covered rearing rice seedling bed are built above seedling field；
(4) balance is sowed：Be equipped with the rectangle seedling-cultivation plate of side wall as seedling carrier by the use of periphery, by using Sprout cultivation seeder or
Artificial mode adds in appropriate seedling soil in seedling-cultivation plate, and is laid in seedling-cultivation plate, and rice seed is uniformly sprinkled in disk
Son；Seedling-cultivation plate after planting is placed on the seedling plate of seedling field, and makes seedling-cultivation plate under the covering of transparent rain-proof frame；
(5) it pours water emergence：It completes balance and after planting begins through row irrigation furrow irrigation watery ricenursery, poured water by seedling ditch until water level
Reach the top edge of seedling-cultivation plate, carry out watery ricenursery；Sowing maintains water layer height during extremely emerging；
(6) draining nursery：The water of seedling Tanaka by seedling ditch is discharged and declines water level to 3.5 leaf by emergence~seedling growth, into
It is the stage of row dry rice seedling, specific as follows according to seedling growth process reasonable water level control during this：Before 1 heart stage of one leaf, seedling ditch-water
Position keeps flushing with seedling face；After one heart stage of two leaves, seedling ditch water level is less than 3~5 centimetres of seedling face；It is anhydrous in seedling ditch after 3 leaf phases.
2. the method for raising rice seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (1), shallow plowing depth 10~
20 centimetres.
3. the method for raising rice seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (2), the width of the zanjon
It is 50 centimetres to spend, and depth is 40 centimetres, and the width of the seedling ditch is 30 centimetres, and depth is 20 centimetres.
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| CN106034881A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-10-26 | 中国水稻研究所 | High-yield rice cultivating method capable of increasing oxygen for root systems, strengthening stalks and preventing rice from lodging |
| CN109744100B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2022-01-07 | 吉林米莲花农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of dry-planting rice seeds |
| CN111869525B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-03-25 | 周纯有 | Seedling raising method for rice seedlings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1057155A (en) * | 1991-06-22 | 1991-12-25 | 零陵地区潇湘新技术开发研究所 | The native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method of early rice drought |
| JPH06113686A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-04-26 | Oomine Kogyo Kk | Rice culture method |
| CN101129123A (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2008-02-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice |
| CN101828498A (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2010-09-15 | 董守成 | Open-air seedling raising method through seedling trays |
| CN102388778A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-03-28 | 王思见 | Mud seedling raising method by using seedling transplanting disc of rice machine |
| CN103704083B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-04-01 | 黑龙江省伽禾农业科技开发有限公司 | Water-saving high-yield cultivation technology for precisely attaching seeds to rice membrane |
| CN103875494B (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-09-16 | 吴洁远 | Two season super hybridization rice standardized planting method |
| CN105145213A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-12-16 | 巢湖市农业技术推广中心 | One-season mid-indica hybridrice seedling method |
| CN104996246A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏田娘农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for organic rice |
| CN105010057A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-04 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Machine-transplanted seedling sposh seedling raising method |
| CN104982276B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-09-19 | 郯城县种子公司 | A kind of method that alms bowl plate seedling raising cave plants simulated rice transplanting plot experiment |
| CN105230183B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-03-27 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Application of the high water absorbing seed agent in the rice mechanical transplanting length of time rice seedlings grow is extended |
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