CN105563997A - 一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法 - Google Patents

一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法 Download PDF

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CN105563997A
CN105563997A CN201410631681.1A CN201410631681A CN105563997A CN 105563997 A CN105563997 A CN 105563997A CN 201410631681 A CN201410631681 A CN 201410631681A CN 105563997 A CN105563997 A CN 105563997A
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stretched film
film
tear resistance
draw
master
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CN105563997B (zh
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黄斌
孙坤
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Beijing Sijiaotian International Trade Co ltd
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MOLECON SUZHOU NOVEL MATERIALS CO Ltd
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Priority to JP2017543866A priority patent/JP2017534499A/ja
Priority to EP15858815.2A priority patent/EP3219484B1/en
Priority to US15/524,285 priority patent/US10399297B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/092142 priority patent/WO2016074552A1/zh
Priority to TW104134460A priority patent/TWI572474B/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，所述方法是使两层拉伸膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通过粘胶热压复合或紫外光固化复合。本发明可使所制备的复合膜较相同厚度的单层双向拉伸薄膜的缺口撕裂强度得到显著提高，抗撕裂性能得到明显改善，可广泛适用于现有各种材质和生产工艺的拉伸膜的抗撕裂性能的改善；且所述方法操作简单，易于规模化实现。

Description

一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，属于材料加工技术领域。
背景技术
拉伸膜是一种在生产过程中被拉伸定向，而在使用过程中受热收缩的热塑性塑料薄膜。通常采用挤出吹塑或挤出流延法生产出平面膜，然后在软化温度以上、熔融温度以下的一个高弹态温度下进行纵向和横向拉伸，或者只在其中的一个方向上拉伸定向、而另一个方向上不拉伸，前者叫双向拉伸膜，而后者叫单向拉伸膜。
由于拉伸膜具有厚度薄、透明度高、韧性好、耐寒、耐热、耐压、防尘、防水等优点，广泛应用于食品、药品、电子电器等各种产品的外包装。由于在拉伸薄膜中高分子链沿拉伸方向高度取向，在其拉伸方向抗撕裂性能较差，而普通获得广泛应用的双向拉伸膜的高分子链在任意轴向上都有取向，导致其抗撕裂性能的缺陷，及大地限制了拉伸薄膜的应用。因此，改善拉伸膜的抗撕裂性能显得非常必要。
现有技术解决拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法可分为化学方法和物理方法，例如：中国专利申请CN201280003595.5公开的一种抗撕裂膜，是通过使膜材料中包含具有介于约10℃和20℃之间的Tm的SEEPS弹性体嵌段共聚物；中国专利CN200710050055.3公开的是先将管形薄膜在折平的情况下，在玻璃化态温度以上、粘流态温度以下的温度区间单向拉伸产生大分子定向后、重新吹胀形成筒形膜，再将筒形膜按其轴向呈15°至75°的偏移取向对其螺旋形地剖切成并伸展成大分子拉伸定向方向与膜边沿呈15°至75°的斜角的平膜，然后将至少两层该剖切展平的平膜使其拉伸后的大分子定向方向呈互为交叉状况相对复合在一起形成复合的多向抗拉抗撕裂膜。上述方法均存在使用的局限性，不能广谱应用于现有的各种材质和生产工艺的拉伸膜的生产改进中。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述缺陷，本发明旨在提供一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，以广泛适用于现有各种材质和生产工艺的拉伸膜的抗撕裂性能的改善。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，是使两层拉伸膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通过粘胶热压复合或紫外光固化复合。
作为优选方案，两层拉伸膜的主拉方向形成30～150度夹角。
作为进一步优选方案，两层拉伸膜的主拉方向形成60～120度夹角。
作为更进一步优选方案，两层拉伸膜的主拉方向形成90度夹角。
作为优选方案，所述的拉伸膜为不对称拉伸膜，包括单向拉伸膜和不对称双向拉伸膜。
作为进一步优选方案，不对称拉伸膜的主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为(1.2:1)～(4:1)。
作为更进一步优选方案，不对称拉伸膜的主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为(1.4:1)～(3.5:1)。
作为进一步优选方案，所述的不对称拉伸膜采用平膜法生产。
本发明中所述的不对称拉伸是指在双向拉伸时，某一方向(纵向或横向)的拉伸倍数比另一方向的拉伸倍数大。不对称拉伸的极端情况就是单向拉伸，即：只在其中的一个方向上拉伸、而另一个方向上完全不拉伸。在不对称拉伸中，拉伸倍数大的方向为主拉方向，拉伸倍数小的方向为辅拉方向；在单向拉伸中，拉伸方向为主拉方向，未拉伸方向为辅拉方向。
本发明中所述的平膜法是指先使用挤出机挤出粒料，经T型口模流延出厚膜，骤冷后在加热辊筒上加热到拉伸温度，然后进行同步或异步拉伸，最后进行定型。所谓同步拉伸是指纵、横两个方向是同时进行拉伸的，所谓异步拉伸是指先在一个方向拉伸，然后再在另一个方向上进行拉伸。本发明不限定是同步拉伸还是异步拉伸所得的拉伸膜，每层拉伸膜的厚度也不限定，可根据具体应用进行设计。
本发明进行热压复合或紫外光复合所用的粘胶为现有的用于薄膜粘合的不含溶剂的胶粘剂或含有溶剂的胶水，优选为不含溶剂的双组份聚氨酯胶粘剂。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下显著性进步：
1、可使所制备的复合膜较相同厚度的单层双向拉伸膜的缺口撕裂强度显著提高，抗撕裂性能得到明显改善；
2、适用范围广泛，不限于什么材质的拉伸膜，也不限于什么拉伸工艺，可方便推广应用到现有的拉伸膜生产中；
3、操作简单，易于规模化实现。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明技术方案做进一步详细、完整地说明。
实施例中所用拉伸膜样品的制备采用平膜法：先将塑料或树脂(实施例中为商用PET树脂)在多层挤出设备(由南京创博机械设备有限公司提供)上制成厚度约140～560mm的流延膜片；然后将流延膜片置于薄膜拉伸试验机(由布鲁克纳公司提供，北京化工研究院)，用夹具夹好，按设定的程序(拉伸倍数、拉伸温度)进行拉伸；拉好的薄膜在空气中迅速冷却定型。
实施例中关于撕裂性能的测定是使用CH-9002A-20功能拉丝撕裂测试仪(由苏州宝昀通检测设备有限公司提供)：将样品薄膜沿测试撕裂方向剪开约20mm缺口，用测试夹具分别夹住缺口两边。由自动程序控制开始撕裂并收集数据。
实施例1
在一层拉伸膜的一面上均匀涂抹胶水(例如：研泰公司生产的TS9002A或TS9002B或TS9002C胶水)，待溶剂挥发后，将另一层拉伸膜覆盖其上，并使第二层拉伸膜的主拉方向(拉伸倍数高的方向)与第一层拉伸膜的主拉方向成90度夹角，使复合膜通过60～85℃(具体的热轧温度视使用的胶水而定)的滚筒进行热轧，然后在室温下放置至完全固化。
表1所示是按本实施例方法由主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比不同的拉伸膜所形成的复合膜的撕裂性能比较。
表1
由表1可见：采用本发明方法获得的复合拉伸膜的撕裂强度均较相同厚度的单层双向拉伸膜显著提高；虽然样品越厚，撕裂强度越大，但150微米厚度的单层双向拉伸膜的撕裂强度仍然只有19.86牛顿/毫米，而本发明获得的100微米厚度的复合拉伸膜(主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为2.7时)的撕裂强度可达337.27牛顿/毫米，撕裂性能得到了显著提高；且不对称度越高，缺口撕裂强度越大；当主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为(1.4:1)～(3.5:1)时，缺口撕裂强度可达240～340牛顿/毫米；但当主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为4时，即使厚度增加到150微米，撕裂强度仍然呈现下降趋势。
实施例2
在一层拉伸膜的一面上均匀涂抹胶粘剂(例如：汉高公司生产的6062A或7725B胶)，然后将另一层拉伸膜覆盖其上，并使第二层拉伸膜的主拉方向(拉伸倍数高的方向)与第一层拉伸膜的主拉方向成90度夹角，使复合膜通过60～85℃(具体的热轧温度视使用的胶水而定)的滚筒进行热轧，然后在室温下放置至完全固化。
表2所示是按本实施例方法由主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比不同的拉伸膜所形成的复合膜的撕裂性能比较。
表2
由表2可见：采用本发明方法获得的复合拉伸膜的撕裂强度均较相同厚度的单层双向拉伸膜显著提高；虽然样品越厚，撕裂强度越大，但150微米厚度的单层双向拉伸膜的撕裂强度仍然只有19.86牛顿/毫米，而本发明获得的100微米厚度的复合拉伸膜(主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为3.5时)的撕裂强度可达609.79牛顿/毫米，撕裂性能得到了显著提高；且不对称度越高，缺口撕裂强度越大；当主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为(2:1)～(3.5:1)时，缺口撕裂强度可达340～610牛顿/毫米；但当主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为4时，即使厚度增加到150微米，撕裂强度仍然呈现下降趋势。
对比表1和表2发现：热压复合使用含有溶剂的胶水，可能会因为含有的溶剂造成拉伸膜中分子取向排列松弛，导致撕裂强度相应降低。
实施例3
参照实施例2分别对同步拉伸得到的不对称双向拉伸膜和异步拉伸得到的不对称双向拉伸膜进行复合后比较撕裂性能差异。
实验结果见表3所示。
表3
由表3结果可见：同步拉伸复合膜的缺口撕裂强度稍大于异步拉伸复合膜的缺口撕裂强度，但提高幅度不是很显著。
最后需要在此说明的是：以上实施例只用于对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其特征在于：使两层拉伸膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通过粘胶热压复合或紫外光固化复合。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：两层拉伸膜的主拉方向形成30～150度夹角。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：两层拉伸膜的主拉方向形成60～120度夹角。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：两层拉伸膜的主拉方向形成90度夹角。
5.如权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的拉伸膜为不对称拉伸膜，包括单向拉伸膜和不对称双向拉伸膜。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：不对称拉伸膜的主拉方向与辅拉方向的拉伸倍数之比为(1.2:1)～(4:1)。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的不对称拉伸膜采用平膜法生产。
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