TW201617199A - 改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法 - Google Patents

改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法 Download PDF

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TW201617199A
TW201617199A TW104134460A TW104134460A TW201617199A TW 201617199 A TW201617199 A TW 201617199A TW 104134460 A TW104134460 A TW 104134460A TW 104134460 A TW104134460 A TW 104134460A TW 201617199 A TW201617199 A TW 201617199A
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stretched film
film
tear resistance
stretching
improving
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TWI572474B (zh
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Bin Huang
Kun Sun
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Molecon Suzhou Novel Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本發明公開了一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，所述方法是使兩層拉伸膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通過粘膠熱壓複合或紫外光固化複合。本發明可使所製備的複合膜較相同厚度的單層雙向拉伸薄膜的缺口撕裂強度得到顯著提高，抗撕裂性能得到明顯改善，可廣泛適用於現有各種材質和生產工藝的拉伸膜的抗撕裂性能的改善；且所述方法操作簡單，易於規模化實現。

Description

改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法
本發明涉及一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，屬於材料加工技術領域。
拉伸膜是一種在生產過程中被拉伸定向，而在使用過程中受熱收縮的熱塑性塑膠薄膜。通常採用擠出吹塑或擠出流延法生產出平面膜，然後在軟化溫度以上、熔融溫度以下的一個高彈態溫度下進行縱向和橫向拉伸，或者只在其中的一個方向上拉伸定向、而另一個方向上不拉伸，前者叫雙向拉伸膜，而後者叫單向拉伸膜。
由於拉伸膜具有厚度薄、透明度高、韌性好、耐寒、耐熱、耐壓、防塵、防水等優點，廣泛應用於食品、藥品、電子電器等各種產品的外包裝。由於在拉伸薄膜中高分子鏈沿拉伸方向高度取向，在其拉伸方向抗撕裂性能較差，而普通獲得廣泛應用的雙向拉伸膜的高分子鏈在任意軸向上都有取向，導致其抗撕裂性能的缺陷，及大地限制了拉伸薄膜的應用。因此，改善拉伸膜的抗撕裂性能顯得非常必要。
習知技術解決拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法可分為化學方法和物理方法，例如：中國專利申請CN201280003595.5公開的一種抗撕裂膜，是通過使膜材料中包含具有介於約10℃和20℃之間的Tm的SEEPS彈性體嵌段共聚物；中國專利CN200710050055.3公開的是先將管形薄膜在折平的情況下，在玻璃化態溫度以上、粘流態溫度以下的溫度區間單向拉伸產生大分子定向後、重新吹脹形成筒形膜，再將筒形膜按其軸向呈15°至75°的偏移取向對其螺旋形地剖切成並伸展成大分子拉伸定向方向與膜邊沿呈15°至75°的斜角的平膜，然後將至少兩層該剖切展平的平膜使其拉伸後的大分子定向方向呈互為交叉狀況相對複合在一起形成複合的多向抗拉抗撕裂膜。上述方法均存在使用的局限性，不能廣譜應用於現有的各種材質和生產工藝的拉伸膜的生產改進中。
針對習知技術存在的上述缺陷，本發明旨在提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，以廣泛適用於現有各種材質和生產工藝的拉伸膜的抗撕裂性能的改善。
為實現上述發明目的，本發明採用的技術方案如下： 一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，是使兩層拉伸膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通過粘膠熱壓複合或紫外光固化複合。
在本創作的一實施例中係提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，兩層拉伸膜的主拉方向形成30～150度夾角。
在本創作的一實施例中係提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，兩層拉伸膜的主拉方向形成60～120度夾角。
在本創作的一實施例中係提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，兩層拉伸膜的主拉方向形成90度夾角。
在本創作的一實施例中係提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，所述的拉伸膜為不對稱拉伸膜，包括單向拉伸膜和不對稱雙向拉伸膜。
在本創作的一實施例中係提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，不對稱拉伸膜的主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.2:1)～(4:1)。
在本創作的一實施例中係提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，不對稱拉伸膜的主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.4:1)～(3.5:1)。
在本創作的一實施例中係提供一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，所述的不對稱拉伸膜採用平膜法生產。
本發明中所述的不對稱拉伸是指在雙向拉伸時，某一方向（縱向或橫向）的拉伸倍數比另一方向的拉伸倍數大。不對稱拉伸的極端情況就是單向拉伸，即：只在其中的一個方向上拉伸、而另一個方向上完全不拉伸。在不對稱拉伸中，拉伸倍數大的方向為主拉方向，拉伸倍數小的方向為輔拉方向；在單向拉伸中，拉伸方向為主拉方向，未拉伸方向為輔拉方向。
本發明中所述的平膜法是指先使用擠出機擠出粒料，經T型口模流延出厚膜，驟冷後在加熱滾筒上加熱到拉伸溫度，然後進行同步或非同步拉伸，最後進行定型。所謂同步拉伸是指縱、橫兩個方向是同時進行拉伸的，所謂非同步拉伸是指先在一個方向拉伸，然後再在另一個方向上進行拉伸。本發明不限定是同步拉伸還是非同步拉伸所得的拉伸膜，每層拉伸膜的厚度也不限定，可根據具體應用進行設計。
本發明進行熱壓複合或紫外光複合所用的黏膠為現有的用於薄膜黏合的不含溶劑的膠黏劑或含有溶劑的膠水，優選為不含溶劑的雙組份聚氨酯膠黏劑。
與習知技術相比，本發明具有如下顯著性進步： 1、可使所製備的複合膜較相同厚度的單層雙向拉伸膜的缺口撕裂強度顯著提高，抗撕裂性能得到明顯改善； 2、適用範圍廣泛，不限於什麼材質的拉伸膜，也不限於什麼拉伸工藝，可方便推廣應用到現有的拉伸膜生產中； 3、操作簡單，易於規模化實現。
下面結合實施例對本發明技術方案做進一步詳細、完整地說明。
實施例中所用拉伸膜樣品的製備採用平膜法：先將塑膠或樹脂（實施例中為商用PET樹脂）在多層擠出設備（由南京創博機械設備有限公司提供）上製成厚度約140～560mm的流延膜片；然後將流延膜片置於薄膜拉伸試驗機（由布魯克納公司提供，北京化工研究院），用夾具夾好，按設定的程序（拉伸倍數、拉伸溫度）進行拉伸；拉好的薄膜在空氣中迅速冷卻定型。
實施例中關於撕裂性能的測定是使用CH-9002A-20功能拉絲撕裂測試儀（由蘇州寶昀通檢測設備有限公司提供）：將樣品薄膜沿測試撕裂方向剪開約20mm缺口，用測試夾具分別夾住缺口兩邊。由自動程式控制開始撕裂並收集資料。
實施例1 在一層拉伸膜的一面上均勻塗抹膠水（例如：研泰公司生產的TS9002A或TS9002B或TS9002C膠水），待溶劑揮發後，將另一層拉伸膜覆蓋其上，並使第二層拉伸膜的主拉方向（拉伸倍數高的方向）與第一層拉伸膜的主拉方向成90 度夾角，使複合膜通過60~85℃（具體的熱軋溫度視使用的膠水而定）的滾筒進行熱軋，然後在室溫下放置至完全固化。
表1所示是按本實施例方法由主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比不同的拉伸膜所形成的複合膜的撕裂性能比較。 【表1】 由表1可見：採用本發明方法獲得的複合拉伸膜的撕裂強度均較相同厚度的單層雙向拉伸膜顯著提高；雖然樣品越厚，撕裂強度越大，但150微米厚度的單層雙向拉伸膜的撕裂強度仍然只有19.86牛頓/毫米，而本發明獲得的100微米厚度的複合拉伸膜（主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為2.7時）的撕裂強度可達337.27牛頓/毫米，撕裂性能得到了顯著提高；且不對稱度越高，缺口撕裂強度越大；當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.4:1)～(3.5:1)時，缺口撕裂強度可達240～340牛頓/毫米；但當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為4時，即使厚度增加到150微米，撕裂強度仍然呈現下降趨勢。
實施例2 在一層拉伸膜的一面上均勻塗抹膠黏劑（例如：漢高公司生產的6062A或7725B膠），然後將另一層拉伸膜覆蓋其上，並使第二層拉伸膜的主拉方向（拉伸倍數高的方向）與第一層拉伸膜的主拉方向成90 度夾角，使複合膜通過60~85℃（具體的熱軋溫度視使用的膠水而定）的滾筒進行熱軋，然後在室溫下放置至完全固化。
表2所示是按本實施例方法由主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比不同的拉伸膜所形成的複合膜的撕裂性能比較。 【表2】 由表2可見：採用本發明方法獲得的複合拉伸膜的撕裂強度均較相同厚度的單層雙向拉伸膜顯著提高；雖然樣品越厚，撕裂強度越大，但150微米厚度的單層雙向拉伸膜的撕裂強度仍然只有19.86牛頓/毫米，而本發明獲得的100微米厚度的複合拉伸膜（主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為3.5時）的撕裂強度可達609.79牛頓/毫米，撕裂性能得到了顯著提高；且不對稱度越高，缺口撕裂強度越大；當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(2:1)～(3.5:1)時，缺口撕裂強度可達340～610牛頓/毫米；但當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為4時，即使厚度增加到150微米，撕裂強度仍然呈現下降趨勢。
對比表1和表2發現：熱壓複合使用含有溶劑的膠水，可能會因為含有的溶劑造成拉伸膜中分子取向排列鬆弛，導致撕裂強度相應降低。
實施例3 參照實施例2分別對同步拉伸得到的不對稱雙向拉伸膜和非同步拉伸得到的不對稱雙向拉伸膜進行複合後比較撕裂性能差異。
實驗結果見表3所示。 【表3】 由表3結果可見：同步拉伸複合膜的缺口撕裂強度稍大於非同步拉伸複合膜的缺口撕裂強度，但提高幅度不是很顯著。 最後需要在此說明的是：以上實施例只用於對本發明的技術方案作進一步詳細地說明，不能理解為對本發明保護範圍的限制，本領域中具有通常知識者根據本發明的上述內容作出的一些非本質的改進和調整均屬於本發明的保護範圍。
無

Claims (7)

  1. 一種改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其中使兩層拉伸膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通過黏膠熱壓複合或紫外光固化複合。
  2. 如請求項1所述的改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其中兩層拉伸膜的主拉方向形成30～150度夾角。
  3. 如請求項2所述的改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其中兩層拉伸膜的主拉方向形成60～120度夾角。
  4. 如請求項3所述的改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其中兩層拉伸膜的主拉方向形成90度夾角。
  5. 如請求項1所述的改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其中所述的拉伸膜為不對稱拉伸膜，包括單向拉伸膜和不對稱雙向拉伸膜。
  6. 如請求項5所述的改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其中不對稱拉伸膜的主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.2:1)～(4:1)。
  7. 如請求項5所述的改善拉伸膜抗撕裂性能的方法，其中所述的不對稱拉伸膜採用平膜法生產。
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