CN105559946A - 肱二头肌肌腱固定术锚植入物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明题为“肱二头肌肌腱固定术锚植入物”。本发明提供了用于将组织锚固到骨的各种骨锚组件和方法。在一个实施例中,提供了用于将肌腱锚固到骨的锚组件,该锚组件包括基本上圆柱形的护套,该基本上圆柱形的护套具有形成于其外表面上的骨接合表面特征,并且具有在其中形成并从开放近侧端部延伸至基本上封闭的远侧端部的内管腔。基本上封闭的远侧端部包括从其朝远侧延伸并被构造成促进将肌腱锚固到骨的至少一个肌腱锚定特征。该锚组件还包括扩张器,该扩张器具有大致细长的圆柱形构型并且尺寸和形状被设定为接收在护套的内管腔内。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2014年10月23日提交的名称为“ImplantsandDeliveryDevices”的美国临时专利申请62/067,701的优先权,其据此全文以引用方式并入。
技术领域
本发明提供了用于将组织锚固到骨的外科装置和方法,并且更具体地讲,提供了用于将肱二头肌肌腱固定到肱骨的外科植入物和方法。
背景技术
肱二头肌肌腱长头失调是导致肩部疼痛的常见原因,并且可联系其他诊断而发生,诸如肩袖撕裂、上盂唇前后撕裂、撞击综合征和囊膜损伤,或者可作为肩部疼痛的单独原因而存在。针对肱二头肌(LHB)长头失调的治疗方案一直在发展,并且可以包括LHB肌腱固定术。在肌腱固定术中,将缝合线穿过LHB的基部以将LHB定位在肩峰下空腔以及提供解剖过程中的近侧控制。一旦缝合线就位,就在关节盂附接部切开LHB。可使用量具测量肌腱尺寸,从而确定适当尺寸的骨螺钉。一旦选好螺钉,就钻出骨孔,然后使用肌腱叉将肌腱向下推入骨孔中。之后将骨螺钉递送到骨孔中以将肌腱锚固在骨孔内。
虽然当前手术可提供有效的方法来将肌腱锚固到骨,但它们也存在一些缺点。例如,当前螺钉在插入骨孔中时会旋转。螺钉相对于肌腱的这种旋转可能导致肌腱损伤、撕裂、断裂或错位。这种错位可改变所需的肌腱张力和定位,导致抽筋、不适和解剖不对称。此外,难以获得植入物相对于骨孔所需的深度。
因此,仍然需要改进的组织锚固装置和方法,并且尤其是在肱二头肌肌腱固定术中使用的锚定件和方法。
发明内容
提供了用于将组织锚固到骨的各种骨锚组件和方法。在一个实施例中,提供了用于将肌腱锚固到骨的锚组件,并且所述锚组件包括基本上圆柱形的护套,该基本上圆柱形的护套具有形成在其外表面上的骨接合表面特征,并且具有在其中形成并从开放近侧端部延伸至基本上封闭的远侧端部的内腔。基本上封闭的远侧端部包括从其朝远侧延伸并被构造成促进将肌腱锚固到骨的至少一个肌腱锚定特征。锚组件还包括扩张器,该扩张器具有大致细长的圆柱形构型并且尺寸和形状被设定为接收在护套的内管腔内。扩张器可具有至少部分地延伸穿过其用于接收导丝的管腔。
肌腱锚定特征可具有多种构型。在一个实施例中,肌腱锚定特征可为从护套的面向远侧的表面朝远侧延伸的至少一个尖头。例如,第一尖头和第二尖头可从面向远侧的表面朝远侧延伸,并且尖头可基本上平行于彼此延伸。在另一个实施例中,第一尖头、第二尖头和第三尖头可从护套的面向远侧的表面朝远侧延伸。尖头可具有钝顶或尖顶构型。作为非限制性示例,尖头可采取短或长的尖峰、圆锥、钝柱、尖或倒圆的圆柱形柱、带倒钩的构件等的形式。在另一个实施例中,至少一个肌腱锚定特征可采取从护套的相对侧壁朝远侧延伸的第一伸长凸片和第二伸长凸片的形式。凸片可在其间限定大致U形的凹陷部。在其他方面,至少一个肌腱锚定特征可为半圆形钩或具有穿过其形成的用于接收肌腱的开口的套环。
护套也可具有多种构型。在一个实施例中,护套的开放近侧端部可包括从其径向向外延伸并被构造成限制护套插入到骨孔中的深度的相对凸缘。另选地,护套的开放近侧端部可包括从其径向向外延伸并被构造成当护套植入骨孔中时抵靠骨表面的至少一个凸片。护套可包括其他特征,诸如侧壁通道或狭槽、内部螺纹等。扩张器也可具有多种构型,并且在一个实施例中,扩张器可具有螺纹用于经由螺纹与护套内形成的螺纹配合。在其他方面,护套可包括在其外表面上形成并在近侧-远侧方向纵向延伸的至少肋。扩张器也可具有多种构型。例如,扩张器可包括从其近侧端部径向向外延伸的凸缘。
在另一个实施例中,提供了用于将肌腱锚固到骨的锚组件,并且所述锚组件包括护套,所述护套具有主体,所述主体具有从其朝近侧延伸的至少两个侧壁。侧壁可在其间限定内管腔,并且侧壁可具有在其内表面上形成的螺纹。护套还可包括从其最远侧表面朝远侧延伸的肌腱接合特征。肌腱接合特征可被构造成接合肌腱并将其保持在骨孔内。锚组件还可包括有螺纹的扩张器,该扩张器被构造成接收在所述侧壁对之间以及经由螺纹与侧壁内表面上形成的螺纹配合。护套和有螺纹的扩张器可被构造成使得当扩张器完全螺纹连接到护套中时,护套径向向外扩张以使肌腱由于压缩而保持在骨孔内。
如上所述,肌腱接合特征可具有多种构型,并且可采取以下形式:至少两个彼此间隔一定距离的尖头、被构造成径向向内朝彼此移动以接合其间的肌腱的折叠尖头、从护套的相对侧壁朝远侧延伸并在其间限定大致U形凹陷部的第一伸长凸片和第二伸长凸片、钩形构件、具有穿过其用于接收肌腱的开口的套环等。
在其他方面,提供了用于将肌腱锚固到骨的方法,其包括:操纵护套以使肌腱与从护套远侧端部朝远侧延伸的肌腱接合特征接合,在肌腱联接到肌腱接合特征的情况下将护套插入骨孔中,使得肌腱围绕护套延伸,以及将扩张器插入护套中以使护套径向向外扩张,从而使肌腱和护套锚固在骨孔内。在一个实施例中,肌腱接合特征可采取穿透肌腱以使肌腱联接到护套的尖头的形式。在另一个实施例中,肌腱接合特征可采取凸片的形式,所述凸片将肌腱定位在凸片之间。在另一个实施例中,肌腱接合特征可采取钩住肌腱的钩的形式。
在另一个实施例中,提供了用于将肌腱锚固到骨的方法,其包括:将肌腱跨过骨孔定位并使肌腱保持在所需张力下,将具有一对肌腱接合特征的护套靠近肌腱定位,操纵护套以确定距骨孔一定距离的沿着肌腱的接合点,该距离是使用那对肌腱接合特征所测得,以及使肌腱在接合点与那对肌腱接合特征接合,并在肌腱联接到那对肌腱接合特征的情况下将护套插入骨孔中。在一个实施例中,该距离可基本上等于骨孔的深度。在其他方面,可通过旋转护套使得尖头沿肌腱移动来测量该距离。
附图说明
根据以下描述并结合附图可更全面地理解本发明,附图中:
图1是具有护套和扩张器的肱二头肌肌腱固定术锚组件的一个实施例的透视图;
图2是图1的护套以及扩张器的另一个实施例的侧面透视图;
图3为图1的护套的透视图;
图4是护套的另一个实施例的侧面透视图;
图5是图1至3的护套的顶部透视图,显示出肌腱锚固在骨孔内;
图6是护套的另一个实施例的侧面透视图,该护套具有带倒钩的柱;
图7是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有用于接合肌腱的远侧长尖峰特征;
图8是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有远侧短防滑钉特征;
图9是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有多个远侧尖峰特征;
图10A是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有两个远侧尖峰特征,其被示为要将肌腱锚固在骨孔内并接收扩张器以使肌腱固定在适当位置;
图10B是图10A的护套和肌腱的侧视图,该护套和肌腱被示为插入其中已插入扩张器的骨孔中;
图10C是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有一对远侧尖峰特征,其被示为测量沿着肌腱距骨孔的距离;
图10D是图10C的护套和肌腱的侧视图,显示护套接合肌腱;
图10E是图10D的护套和肌腱的侧视图,显示护套和肌腱将要被插入骨孔中;
图11是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有远侧带倒钩的柱,其被示为将肌腱锚固在骨孔内;
图12是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有两个钝柱,从而形成设置在其远侧端部上的特征;
图13A是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有远侧柔性尖头,其被示为接合将要插入骨孔中以及将要接收扩张器的肌腱;
图13B是图13A的已插入骨孔中的护套和肌腱的侧视图,显示柔性尖头闭合以夹住并固定肌腱;
图14A是护套的另一个实施例的透视图,该护套具有远侧钩;
图14B是图14A的护套的侧视图和顶视图,显示护套与骨孔对准;
图15A是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有用于保持肌腱的远侧环或套环;
图15B是图15A的护套的顶视图,显示肌腱穿过环或套环;
图16是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有用于接合肌腱的远侧钩;
图17是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有用于接合并保持肌腱的远侧钩;
图18是图17的护套的侧视图以及骨的横截面视图,显示护套植入骨中;
图19A是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有一对宽间距的短钝柱,它们形成从其朝远侧延伸的叉;
图19B是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有一对宽间距的长钝柱,它们形成从其朝远侧延伸的叉;
图20A是护套的另一个实施例的侧面透视图,该护套具有用于接合肌腱的相对扩张狭槽和U形远侧通道;
图20B是护套的另一个实施例的侧面透视图;
图21是护套的另一个实施例的侧面透视图,该护套具有近侧保持特征;
图22A是护套的另一个实施例的侧面透视图,该护套具有近侧保持特征和一对相对狭槽;
图22B是图22A的护套的顶视图;
图23A是护套的另一个实施例的侧面透视图,该护套具有凹形侧壁;
图23B是图23A的护套的顶视图;
图24A是联接到导丝的护套的侧面部分透明视图,显示护套即将把肌腱插入到骨孔中;
图24B是设置在骨孔中的图24A的护套、肌腱和导丝的侧面部分透明视图;
图24C是图24B的护套、肌腱和导丝的侧面透视图,显示扩张器即将在导丝上方被插入到护套中;
图24D是图24C的护套、肌腱和扩张器的侧面透视图,从中移除了导丝;
图25A是护套的另一个实施例的侧视图,该护套具有可扩张的远侧端部,显示护套被定位在肌腱周围以便将肌腱插入到骨中,并且显示将在护套内接收的扩张器;
图25B是图25A的护套的顶视图;
图25C是图25A的护套和扩张器的侧视图,显示护套植入骨中并被扩张用于接收肌腱并将护套锚固在骨内;
图25D是图25A的护套的透视图;以及
图25E是图25A的护套和护套扩张器的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
现在将描述某些示例性实施例,以从整体上理解本文所公开的装置和方法的结构、功能、制造和用途原理。这些实施例的一个或多个示例在附图中示出。本领域技术人员应当理解,本文具体描述并在附图中示出的装置和方法是非限制性示例性实施例并且本发明的范围仅由权利要求书限定。结合一个示例性实施例进行图解说明或描述的特征可与其他实施例的特征进行组合。这些修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在本发明的范围之内。
本说明书通篇提及的“各种实施例”、“一些实施例”、“一个实施例”或“实施例”等,意味着结合所述实施例描述的具体特征、结构或特性包括在至少一个实施例中。因此,本说明书通篇出现的短语“在各种实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在一个实施例中”或“在实施例中”等并不一定都指相同的实施例。此外,在一个或多个实施例中,具体特征、结构或特性可以任何合适的方式结合。因此,在无限制的情形下,结合一个实施例示出或描述的具体特征、结构或特性可全部或部分地与一个或多个其他实施例的特征或特性结合。
应当理解,可结合临床医生操纵用来治疗患者的器械的一端在说明书中通篇使用术语“近侧”和“远侧”。术语“近侧”是指器械的最靠近临床医生的部分,并且术语“远侧”是指距临床医生最远的部分。还应当理解,为简明和清楚起见,本文可参考所示实施例使用例如“竖直”、“水平”、“上”和“下”之类的空间术语。然而,外科手术器械可以在许多取向和位置中使用,并且这些术语并非意图是限制性的和绝对的。
总体而言,提供了用于将组织诸如韧带或肌腱锚固到骨的方法和装置。在示例性实施例中,使用了方法和装置来执行肱二头肌肌腱固定术,然而本领域的技术人员将会理解,这些装置和方法可在多种手术中使用并用于将任何组织锚固到骨。在一个实施例中,提供了外科植入物,其具有护套和接收在护套内的扩张器。护套可包括在其远侧端部上形成以帮助接合肌腱并将肌腱插入骨孔中的多种肌腱接合特征。护套还可包括其近侧端部上用于将肌腱压靠骨、促进将扩张器引入护套中的多种特征。扩张器在被插入护套中时,可导致护套径向向外扩张,优选地在皮层或皮层下,从而将护套和肌腱锚固在骨孔内。本领域的技术人员将会理解,本文公开的外科植入物和方法可与多种外科装置一起使用,包括插入器工具、驱动器工具、测量装置、钻具和木槌等。以下美国专利申请公开了多种示例性工具:No.[],名称为“BicepsTenodesisImplantsandDeliveryTools”,以及No.[],名称为“BicepsTenodesisDeliveryTools”,这两个专利申请与本文提交于同一日期并且全文以引用方式并入。
总体而言,提供了包括护套和扩张器的多种锚组件。护套可具有多种构型,但通常具有细长的基本上圆柱形的形状,并且具有从开放近侧端部延伸到封闭的远侧端部的内管腔。尽管远侧端部被描述为是封闭的,但它可包括其内表面上形成用于接收导丝的盲孔,或它可包括完全穿过其延伸用于接收导丝的镗孔。护套的外表面可包括沿其分立部分或沿其整个长度形成的一个或多个骨接合表面特征。护套的内表面可包括用于与扩张器配合的特征,诸如肋或螺纹。如将在下面更详细论述的,多个护套实施例还可包括远侧肌腱接合特征,诸如一个或多个尖头、钩、环、凸片等,用于戳住、穿透、抓住或换句话说接合肌腱,从而帮助将肌腱推入骨孔中以及/或者将肌腱保持在骨孔内。扩张器也可具有多种构型。例如,扩张器可采取插塞的形式,该插塞可包括允许扩张器压力配合或按扣配合到护套中的一个或多个肋。另选地,扩张器可采取螺纹连接到护套中的平头螺钉的形式。扩张器也可为组合插塞/螺钉,其远侧部分压力配合/按扣配合到护套中,并且近侧部分螺纹连接到护套中。本领域的技术人员将会理解,护套和扩张器可各自具有多种构型,并且本文所公开的各种特征中的一个或多个可任意组合使用以形成所需的锚组件。此外,本发明所公开的各种锚组件可由生物相容性材料制成,该材料任选地为可生物吸收的。护套实施例还可各自为柔性的,或由当在其中接收了扩张器时可径向向外变形的材料制成。本领域的技术人员将会理解,这可通过改变护套的材料和/或壁厚来实现。
本文所述的装置和方法可具有优于用于执行肱二头肌肌腱固定术的现有技术的多个优点。具体地讲,整个附接物制备过程可以是简单的,并且仅需要外科医生采取几个快速步骤即可将包括护套和扩张器的植入物结构附连到骨。例如,护套的外部肌腱接合特征可有助于将肌腱插入骨孔中、保持肌腱上的合适张力,以及正确地锚固肌腱。用于握持肌腱和将其扣入骨孔中的附加工具不是必需的。将肌腱插入骨孔的过程中肌腱损伤的风险也得以降低,因为无需旋转护套就可将护套插入骨孔中。由于扩张器被接收在护套内,并且没有直接接触肌腱,所以进入护套的扩张器的任何旋转不会导致肌腱有任何损伤。因此,可减小对肌腱造成创伤的风险,而且可大大减少制备和附连肌腱所需的时间,这有利于外科手术并且缓解了患者的不便。此外,所述技术可有助于节省手术室费用。
图1至3示出了肱二头肌肌腱固定术植入物或锚组件的一个实施例,其包括护套10和扩张器,可为螺钉20的形式。总体而言,护套10被构造成将肌腱座置在其周围,以及将扩张器螺钉20接收在其中,扩张器螺钉20有效地使护套10扩张到骨中,以将肌腱锚固在骨孔内。
护套10可具有多种形状和构型。如图所示,护套10具有细长圆柱形形状,其开放近侧端部10p具有面向近侧的表面,并且其封闭远侧端部10d具有面向远侧的表面。护套10包括从开放近侧端部10p延伸并刚好靠近封闭远侧端部10d终止的内管腔12。如进一步所示,护套10具有基本上三角形的横截面几何形状,其大致限定了三个侧壁,如下面将结合图5所述。然而,横截面形状可改变,并且可为正方形、圆形、椭圆形等。横截面形状还可沿其长度改变。护套10的内表面可包括促进与扩张器诸如螺钉20配合的多种特征。尽管未示出,但内管腔可包括在其中形成用于接合螺钉20的螺纹或肋。护套10的外径也可改变,但在示例性实施例中,该外径沿护套的近侧部分基本上恒定,并且沿护套的远侧部分径向向内渐缩。护套10的面向近侧的表面和面向远侧的表面也可改变。在一些实施例中,近侧表面可为凹形的以匹配骨的轮廓,并且远侧表面可为凹形的或鞍形的以将肌腱座置于其上。
如上所述,护套10被构造成将扩张器螺钉20接收在其中,以及扩张以被锚固在骨孔内。为了促进扩张,护套10可包括沿护套10纵向延伸并被构造成分开以允许护套径向扩张的一个或多个引流通道14。在图示实施例中,护套10包括在其相对侧壁中形成以使得护套10可分成两半的两个引流通道14(仅示出一个通道)。虽然通道14在护套周边周围的位置可以改变,但在例示性实施例中,所述通道被布置成使得护套能够在肌腱延伸的方向分离并扩张,如下面将结合图5更详细地论述。在图示实施例中,引流通道14定位在三角形横截面形状的三个侧面中的两个的基本上中点处。引流通道14从近侧端部10p延伸并刚好靠近封闭远侧端部10d终止,如图3中最佳地示出(仅示出一个引流通道)。引流通道可在细长主体的内表面、外表面或两者上形成,并且可采取导致护套的壁截面变薄的通道或沟槽的形式。在其他实施例中,引流通道可在某些区域完全穿过护套延伸,同时侧壁仅在分立的位置附接。
如图1至3进一步示出,护套10还可包括在其外表面上形成的骨接合表面特征。在图示实施例中,护套包括多个肋16,这些肋围绕护套径向延伸并沿其近侧部分纵向间隔。护套的远侧部分没有表面特征。所示的肋位于同一平面,并且不形成螺纹,因为护套10优选地在插入到骨孔期间不旋转。尽管仅示出了三个肋16,但护套可包括任何数量的肋。每个肋可具有多种横截面几何形状,包括正方形、三角形等。肋还可具有特定的取向以帮助接合肌腱。护套还可包括在近侧-远侧方向延伸的一个或多个纵向肋18。这些肋可限定其间的凹陷部17,该凹陷部用于座置肌腱,从而允许肌腱环绕护套10。纵向肋18的位置可改变,但在例示性实施例中,肋在当肌腱座置在骨孔中时使肌腱定位在所需取向的位置形成,如下面将结合图5详细论述。径向肋16可在纵向肋18之间延伸,使得肌腱将覆盖径向肋16。
如图1至3进一步示出,护套10可包括一个或多个远侧肌腱接合特征,这些特征用于在插入技术过程中接合和/或操纵肌腱,以及/或者在插入锚植入物之后操纵肌腱的位置。此外,远侧特征可在肌腱被锚固在骨孔内之后继续接合肌腱。该特征可具有多种构型,诸如外部肋、单个远侧末端、或多个远侧末端、圆形或半圆形钩、导流片、扩张末端、肌腱抓紧器等。在该实施例中,肌腱接合特征为从护套10的面向远侧的表面朝远侧延伸的第一尖头和第二尖头19的形式。每个尖头可具有大致细长的构型,其具有用于戳住肌腱而不会穿透肌腱的钝顶,或具有如图所示用于穿刺到肌腱中的尖顶。末端还可包括在其上形成用于阻止尖头从肌腱中拉出的头部。尖头19可相对于彼此以多种角度延伸,包括如图所示的基本上彼此平行延伸。尖头优选地定位成彼此间隔一定距离。该距离可根据预期用途改变。在图示实施例中,尖头19定位在护套10的远侧端部10d的外周内,然而,尖头19位于护套10的远侧端部的相对侧上。因此,尖头19间隔的距离将小于要被锚固的肌腱的宽度,以使得尖头19可穿透到肌腱中以接合和操纵肌腱。在其他实施例中,如下面将更详细地论述,尖头可从护套的外侧壁延伸以允许肌腱被接收在其间。尖头相对于肌腱的位置将在下面结合图5更详细地论述。
如上所述,护套10被构造成接收扩张器,例如螺钉20。在图1的实施例中,扩张器螺钉20具有大致细长的圆柱形构型,其具有沿至少近侧部分,以及优选地沿长度的大部分(例如超过总长度的一半)恒定的小径。然而,在其他实施例中,螺钉可沿其整个长度或部分长度渐缩,或者可为弹头形状。扩张器的远侧部分可朝远侧向内渐缩,使得在最远侧端部的直径减小。扩张器可具有沿其形成并且沿整个长度延伸以促进插入时与护套的接合的螺纹。在一些实施例中,这些螺纹可部分地沿扩张器的主体延伸。螺纹22的高度可改变,例如,其高度可朝远侧端部减小以形成锥形远侧末端。这种构型可促进将扩张器螺钉20插入到护套10中。当完全插入到护套中时,扩张器的近侧端部20p可与护套10的近侧端部10p齐平地座置。另选地,扩张器可根据需要略微凸起或略微凹陷地座置。在另一个实施例中,如图2所示,扩张器螺钉120可包括在其近侧端部120p上形成的头部121。该头部可具有与螺钉的其余部分相比增大的直径。该直径还可大于护套10的近侧端部10p的最大直径。这种构型将允许头部抵靠护套10的近侧端部,以及使肌腱压缩在头部121与骨表面之间。每个扩张器螺钉可为完全空心的,以允许螺钉经由导丝被递送。螺钉还可具有平坦的面向近侧的表面和平坦的面向远侧的表面,或者在其他实施例中,近侧表面和远侧表面的形状可改变。例如,近侧表面可为凸形的以适形于骨表面。
在使用中,植入物螺钉400,420被构造成插入到护套100中以导致护套100扩张。在例示性实施例中,螺纹Ht的高度小于护套中形成的螺纹槽426的高度,因而允许螺钉420的小径D1接触护套100的大径,从而导致护套100扩张。因此,螺纹的尺寸并未被设定为导致护套100扩张,而是螺钉400,420的小径导致扩张。此外,植入物螺钉可被成形为导致护套较厚的中间部分径向向外扩张比护套的近侧端部和远侧端部大的距离,使得中间部分形成扩张状态下的护套的最大直径,如前面结合图2所论述。
本领域的技术人员将会理解,图1至3的护套10和扩张器螺钉20,120,以及本文所公开的其余护套和扩张器实施例可包括用以促进植入到骨孔中的多种其他特征。结合图1,作为非限制性示例,扩张器螺钉20可包括在其近侧端部20p中形成并被构造成接收驱动工具上的驱动特征(例如六边形特征)的驱动承窝,例如,六边形承窝23。护套10可类似地包括用以促进插入到骨孔中的特征,诸如在实心远侧端部的内表面中形成用于配合到导丝的螺纹末端的螺纹镗孔,或在其中形成用于配合到驱动器工具的任何其他驱动特征。
图4示出护套110的另一个实施例,该实施例与图1至3中的护套10相似,具有大致三角形横截面形状,沿其至少近侧部分具有三个侧壁。其他横截面区域可为圆形,或圆形与三角形的组合。在该实施例中,护套110在其上没有形成任何纵向肋或径向肋,然而也可以包括此类特征。不过,护套110包括在其上形成的抗冲击凸缘113a,以及在其上形成的皮质保持凸缘113b。抗冲击凸缘113a从护套110的最近侧端部径向向外延伸,并且可具有大于骨孔的直径的直径以便充当硬止挡件,从而限制护套插入到骨孔中的深度。抗冲击凸缘113a也可用于将肌腱压靠在骨表面上,以帮助防止肌腱滑移。皮质保持凸缘113b被定位成与抗冲击凸缘相距一定距离,并且它可被构造成当护套被植入时在皮质骨表面下面扩张以阻止护套被拉出。具体地讲,皮质保持凸缘113b和抗冲击凸缘113a可间隔开来,以允许在其间接收皮质骨的整个厚度(例如,1至2mm)。换句话讲,当护套被植入并且抗冲击凸缘113a靠在骨表面上时,皮质保持凸缘113b可在皮质骨下面延伸。皮质保持凸缘113b可具有小于抗冲击凸缘113a的直径的直径,使得皮质保持凸缘113b可进入骨孔中。当护套110被扩张器螺钉扩张时,皮质保持凸缘113b可径向扩张超过皮质骨中的开口,从而在骨下面座置以阻止护套被拉出。
为了促进护套110(包括皮质保持凸缘113b)的扩张,护套110可包括在其相对侧上形成的纵向通道114(仅示出一个通道)。通道114具有与上文结合图1-3所述的通道14相似的构型。通道114的位置在图5中最佳地示出,该图示出三个侧壁(第一侧壁111a、第二侧壁111b和第三侧壁111c),其中通道114a形成在第一侧壁111a的中点处,通道114b形成在第二侧壁111b的中点处。图4和5的护套110还包括与图1-3的尖头19相似的第一尖头和第二尖头119。在该实施例中,尖头119具有较长长度,使得尖头被构造成完全穿过肌腱延伸。本领域的技术人员将会理解,该长度可以根据需要改变。如图5所示,尖头优选地沿纵轴A对准,同时第一侧壁111a、第二侧壁111b,以及通道119a和119b定位在轴A的相对侧上。第三侧壁111c基本上垂直于轴A延伸。这种构型将允许护套110在基本上垂直于轴A的方向上分离,使得第一侧壁111a、第二侧壁111b的一半朝肌腱的右R侧移动,并且第一侧壁111a和第二侧壁111b的另一半连同第三侧壁111c朝肌腱的左L侧移动。侧壁一旦分离,将使肌腱压缩到骨中,从而促进将肌腱锚固在骨孔内。图1至3的护套也可以类似方式工作。本领域的技术人员将会理解,在本文所述的任何实施例中,尖头可采取平行取向或垂直取向。例如,在图5的实施例中,尖头可定位在纵轴A的相对侧上。
图6示出了护套210的另一个实施例。在该实施例中,护套210具有大致圆形的横截面几何形状而不是三角形横截面几何形状。主体的总体形状相同,其中近侧部分为直径恒定的基本上圆柱形的,并且远侧部分朝远侧向内渐缩。另外,护套210与图1至3的护套10相似,并且包括沿其近侧部分的径向肋216和纵向肋218,其中远侧部分没有表面特征。在该实施例中,护套210具有围绕护套210的周边间隔开的四个纵向肋218。护套210还包括与图1至3的通道14相似的引流通道214。在该实施例中,护套210具有两个引流通道214,这两个引流通道定位在护套210的相对侧上以使得护套210在扩张时将分离成两个侧壁,两个纵向肋218定位在其中一个侧壁上以将肌腱的一只腿座置在其间,并且另外两个纵向肋定位在另一个侧壁上以将肌腱的另一只腿座置在其间。护套210还具有与上面结合图1至3描述的尖头19相似的第一尖头和第二尖头219,但在该实施例中,尖头带倒钩,使得它们被构造成穿刺并保持肌腱。尖头还被取向为定位成垂直于而不是平行于肌腱的纵轴。
如上所述,护套远侧端部上的肌腱接合特征可具有多种其他构型。图7至9示出了护套的其他实施例,这些护套具有肌腱接合尖头。在图7的实施例中,护套310具有单个尖头319,该单个尖头319为尖头,因此采取用于穿过肌腱的尖峰的形式,并且该尖头具有较长长度,例如,具有大于肌腱厚度的长度,以便允许尖头319完全穿过肌腱延伸。单个尖头319定位在护套310的远侧端部上的中点处。图8示出相似的护套410,其具有采取防滑钉形式的单个尖头419,但尖头419的长度有所缩短,使得尖头419仅穿透到肌腱中并抓握肌腱,而不完全穿过肌腱延伸。图9示出具有三个尖头519的护套510,尖头采取尖峰的形式,从护套的远侧端部朝远侧延伸。尖头519被定为成三角形图案,并且挨在一起以允许全部三个尖头510穿透到肌腱中。尖头还具有较长长度,使得它们可完全穿过肌腱延伸。本领域的技术人员将会理解,护套可包括任意数量的具有多种长度的尖头,以在肌腱上造成所需数量的创伤,从而允许肌腱被护套接合并移动和操纵。
图7至9中的护套310,410,510各自还包括从其最近侧端部径向向外延伸的近侧凸缘313,413,513。近侧凸缘可各自被构造成将肌腱压靠在骨的顶部外表面上,以帮助将肌腱锚固在适当位置。每个凸缘313,413,513可包括在其中形成并与在护套中形成以允许护套扩张的一个或多个引流通道或狭槽对准的一个或多个引流通道或切口。
图10A至10B示出将肌腱锚固在骨孔内的方法。尽管该方法可使用本文所公开的各种护套和扩张器执行,但结合护套610和扩张器螺钉620描述了图10A至10B,该护套和扩张器螺钉具有与图7至9的护套以及图1的扩张器螺钉相似的构型。在该实施例中,护套610包括一对较短尖头619,这对尖头采取尖峰的形式,被平行定位并从护套的远侧表面朝远侧延伸。图10A示出延伸跨过骨孔H的肌腱T。在肌腱保持在所需张力的情况下,尖头619可用于在靠近骨孔并从骨孔侧向偏移的位置穿刺肌腱,如箭头所示。在更近侧的位置穿刺肌腱,以获得肌腱被推入骨孔中的深度(为了恢复肌腱的解剖张力)。在肌腱被护套610穿刺并接合的情况下,护套610可被推进到骨孔H中,从而将肌腱“扣入”骨孔中。如图10B所示,当护套610被完全插入骨孔H中时,抗冲击凸缘613将紧邻骨和肌腱的顶部表面,从而将肌腱T压靠在骨上。然后可将扩张器螺钉620推进到护套中,例如通过使扩张器螺钉620螺纹连接到护套610中,导致护套610在骨孔内的径向扩张和锚固。如图10B所示,尖头619将保持穿透到肌腱中,从而进一步防止肌腱滑移。在该实施例中,尖头619变短,这样它们不会完全穿过肌腱延伸。图11示出图7的护套310,显示较长的带倒钩的尖头319完全穿过肌腱。
图10C至10E示出将肌腱锚固在骨孔内的另一种方法。当肌腱以所需张力跨过骨孔定位并且护套用于将肌腱接合并推进到骨孔中时,护套将使肌腱进入骨孔中,从而不利地改变张力。为了使得肌腱张力得以保持,需要护套距骨孔一定距离来接合肌腱。当在更近侧的位置穿刺肌腱T,以获得肌腱T被推入骨孔H中的已知深度时,不会在肌腱上产生额外的力。在一个实施例中,该距离可等于骨孔的深度。同时使被推入骨孔中的肌腱量等于骨孔的深度,肌腱上的张力可保持不变。
图10C至10E示出一种方法,其使用护套来测量与骨孔的距离,因而允许用户在基本上等于骨孔深度的距离接合肌腱。尽管该方法可使用本文所公开的各种护套和扩张器执行,但结合护套610'和扩张器螺钉620'描述了图10C至10E,该护套和扩张器螺钉具有与图7至9的护套以及图1的扩张器螺钉相似的构型。在该实施例中,护套610'包括被平行定位并从护套的远侧表面朝远侧延伸的一对尖头619'。护套上的尖头619'可相隔已知或固定距离。仅作为非限制性示例,尖头619'可相隔5mm。图10C示出跨过骨孔H延伸并保持在所需张力下的肌腱T。在肌腱保持在所需张力的情况下,尖头619'可用于测量从骨孔H沿肌腱的距离。该距离优选地等于护套的长度,但可修改该距离以增大或减小施加到肌腱的张力。作为非限制性示例,对于长度为25mm的护套,尖头可用于以5mm为增量测量距骨孔25mm的距离。这可通过以5mm为增量从骨孔将尖头定位或重新定位,或通过将尖头定位在肌腱上,并且旋转或“步进”尖头以使护套以5mm为增量远离骨孔移动来实现。一旦护套定位成距骨孔所需距离,例如25mm,尖头就可接合到肌腱中。如图10D所示,在接合肌腱之前将尖峰619'旋转以将尖峰垂直于肌腱T的轴对准。一旦尖峰619'与肌腱T接合,就可将肌腱T定位在骨孔上方以便插入,如图10E所示。随后可将护套和肌腱完全插入骨孔H中。在该实施例中,并重新参见图10B,尖头619'将保持接合到肌腱中,从而进一步防止肌腱滑移。
尽管图7至11示出被构造成部分或完全穿透肌腱的尖的尖头,但在其他实施例中,尖头可具有钝顶构型以便戳住肌腱而不会穿刺到肌腱中。图12示出护套710的实施例,该护套具有尖头719,该尖头具有倒圆末端。在该实施例中,护套710包括两个尖头719,这两个尖头间隔的距离小于肌腱的宽度,以允许尖头戳住肌腱中,而不是跨立于肌腱。
在其他实施例中,肌腱接合特征可移动以便抓紧肌腱。图13A至13B示出护套810,该护套具有采取叉形式的肌腱接合特征,该特征具有从护套810的最远侧表面朝远侧延伸的折叠末端819。每个末端具有大致细长三角形构型,具有用于戳或穿透到肌腱中的尖的远侧末端819d。根据肌腱的尺寸,所述末端可另选地被构造成跨立于肌腱。每个末端的近侧端部819p可铰接地联接至护套,例如使用枢转接头或通过允许材料在接头处弯曲的薄连接点。在使用中,护套810的末端819可穿透到肌腱T中,如图13A所示,随后可将护套810和肌腱T推进到骨孔B中。护套810可具有导致末端819接触骨的相对表面的长度,从而导致末端朝彼此并朝护套的中心纵轴向内折叠,如图13B所示。末端819将因此夹住并接合肌腱T,从而防止肌腱滑移。这种构型对于浅骨孔特别有利,其中尖头能够在其于浅孔中“降到最低点”时塌缩,从而允许尖头夹住肌腱并进一步使其固定在适当位置。可随后将扩张器螺钉插入护套中,以使护套和肌腱锚固在骨孔内,如前所述。
在另一个实施例中,肌腱接合特征可采取钩、开环或闭环的形式。图14A示出护套910的实施例,该护套在一定程度上与图1至6的护套相似,在于它包括径向肋916、纵向肋918、引流通道914、抗冲击凸缘913a和皮质保持凸缘913b。然而,在该实施例中,肌腱接合特征为从面向远侧的表面延伸的J形钩919的形式。该钩可由大致平面的细长矩形构件形成,该构件在其远侧端部处弯曲以形成J形。钩919的近侧端部919p附接到护套910的一侧,同时该钩跨过中心纵轴延伸。钩的附接位置优选地被取向成使得钩与护套中的引流通道914对准。这种构型将允许肌腱在座置在钩内时通过定位在肌腱腿之间的引流通道914沿护套的相对侧延伸。在示例性实施例中,该钩可如图14B所示那样取向,该图示出插入到骨孔中之前和之后的钩919。引流通道914可在使得其与钩成直线定位的位置处形成。因此,护套将分成两半,使得护套的一个侧壁朝肌腱的一只腿移动,并且护套的另一个侧壁朝肌腱的另一只腿移动。
在另一个实施例中,如图15A至15B所示,护套150上的肌腱接合特征可采取全封闭套环或环159的形式。环159可具有与护套150的外径匹配的外径,使得环159从护套的两侧延伸。这种构型将允许在将护套插入骨孔中之前使肌腱借助螺纹穿过环159。在使用中,环159的中心轴优选地被取向为与肌腱成直线,从而允许肌腱以围绕护套150的直线构型延伸。本领域的技术人员将会理解,尽管示出的是圆形环,但套环或环可具有多种形状,诸如长方形、椭圆形、正方形等。
在另一个实施例中,如图16所示,护套160可包括在其一侧具有切口或开口169a的开口环或半圆环,因而可使肌腱从该侧进入环中,而不是穿过其中。在另一个实施例中,环的长度可变化使得环具有长方形构型。图17示出了具有长方形环179和其上一侧的开口179a的护套170,与登山扣类似。图18示出了植入骨中的图17的护套170。如图所示,环179的长方形形状使整个肌腱接收于其中。在图18的实施例中,护套主体具有相对较短的构型,并且其长度短于环179的长度。此类构型使环179捕获体积更大的肌腱。
尽管上述的每个实施例均包括具有戳住、穿透或换句话说抓住或接合肌腱的肌腱接合特征,但在其他实施例中,肌腱接合特征可被构造成跨立于肌腱,例如,接收位于其间的肌腱。图19A至图19B示出了一个此类具有一对远侧钝叉末端199a的护套190A的实施例,远侧钝叉末端199a基本上平行于彼此从护套上相对的侧壁处延伸。由于末端从护套190A的最外侧侧壁延伸,末端199a被构造成接收位于其间的肌腱,而不是穿透到肌腱中。叉末端的长度也可以变化。图19A示出了短末端199A,而图19B则示出了具有长末端199b且具有形成于其间的更大的肌腱座置凹陷部的护套190B的实施例。长末端还可特别适于测量肌腱的尺寸。
图20A示出了护套的另一个实施例。如图20A所示,护套200A大致上呈具有内腔202a且从开放近侧端部延伸并终止于封闭远侧端部的细长柱形构型。近侧端部可包括位于其相对两侧的漏斗状隆起部204a,以便产生细长开口。漏斗状隆起部204a可因此作为扩张器螺钉的导入工具。每个漏斗状隆起部的宽度W可变化,并且隆起部可完全或部分围绕整个护套圆周的一半延伸。每个隆起部204a的高度H也可变化,但优选地每个隆起部204a仅沿着护套200A的近侧部分延伸。当其漏斗外形扩张时,该隆起部可将肌腱按压在骨上。如图20A进一步所示,护套也可包括形成于其相对两侧上的凹形外侧壁208a(仅示出了一个侧壁),该凹形外侧壁位于与隆起部204a对齐的位置,并从隆起部204a远侧延伸。连接相对的凹形外侧壁208a的其他侧壁可具有凸形构型。肌腱可被构造成沿着凹形侧壁208a并沿着漏斗状隆起部204a延伸。凸形侧壁可包括切口或狭槽206a,如图所示,用于在扩张器插入其中时,使护套200A扩张。细长狭槽206a可从近侧端部延伸并可终止于远侧端部的近侧。如图20A所示,狭槽206a终止于护套200A的中间部分。另选地,如图20B所示,护套200B可包括形成于其内表面和/或外表面且被构造成在护套扩张期间断裂的引流通道(未示出)。另一方面图20B和图20A相同,因此相似的参考号可用于指代相似的部分。
继续参见图20A,护套的远侧端部可包括从其凹侧(即,其上形成有狭槽206a的一侧)延伸的相对伸长凸片209a。伸长凸片209a可各自具有大致圆形的远侧端部并且它们可在其间限定用于座置肌腱的U形凹陷部207a。凸片的长度和凹陷部的深度可根据需要而变化,具体取决于要接收在其间的肌腱尺寸。
图21示出与图20A的护套200A类似的护套200C的另一个实施例,但在该实施例中,护套不是具有漏斗形隆起部,而是包括从其一侧径向向外延伸的近侧凸片或凸缘204c。具体地讲,凸缘204c具有大致半圆形的构型,并且联接到凹形侧壁208c之一的最近侧端部并从其向外延伸。在使用中,凸缘204c将紧邻骨的外表面,从而限制护套200C插入到骨中的深度。凸缘204c还将肌腱压靠于骨表面,从而有助于锚固肌腱。图22A还示出了具有凸缘224和相对的漏斗形隆起部225两者的护套220的另一个实施例,其中一个隆起部225刚好位于凸缘224的远侧,使得凸缘224从漏斗形隆起部225的近侧表面径向向外延伸。图22B示出了护套220的顶视图,显示从漏斗形隆起部225径向向外延伸的凸缘224,并且显示定位于远侧的凹形侧壁228。护套220的相对侧类似地包括漏斗形隆起部225和凹形侧壁228。在使用中,凸缘224将肌腱压靠于骨表面,隆起部225将肌腱的两个腿压靠于骨孔的侧壁。
图23A至图23B示出了护套230的另一个实施例,其与图21的护套200C类似,但包括允许护套扩张的侧壁狭槽236。具体地讲,护套230包括径向向内弯曲的相对凹形侧壁238以及相对凸形侧壁209,所述凸形侧壁209在凹形侧壁238之间延伸并且具有形成于其中的伸长狭槽236。凹形侧壁238各自被构造成座置肌腱的腿,其中肌腱延伸穿过形成于远侧末端232之间的肌腱座置凹陷部237。在该实施例中,护套230还包括沿连接侧壁238,239的每个拐角纵向延伸的辊231。换句话讲,护套230具有四根辊,每个拐角处一个。每根辊可通过折叠每个侧壁的一部分而形成,从而在其间产生中空通道。此类构型可在将扩张器插入护套时,使辊扩张并且使侧壁远离彼此移动。因此辊作用类似于铰链,使侧壁远离彼此移动而不脱离。护套还可包括从凹形侧壁238之一径向向外延伸的近侧凸缘234。该凸缘可覆盖从附接到肌肉,即在图中标记为南面S的一侧进入的肌腱。近侧凸缘288位于骨表面上并将肌腱向下压,同时还可充当抗冲击特征。如图23B中护套230的俯视图所示,东面E和西面W的侧壁239可向外翘曲并且可包括细长狭槽236。面向北面N和南面S的侧壁238可被构造成向内翘曲。当肌腱联接到护套230时,其可在近侧凸缘234下方延伸,或者沿着面向南面的侧壁238,围绕叉末端232之间的远侧端部,以及沿着面向北面的侧壁238向上延伸。
图24A至图24D示出了使用护套将肌腱锚固到骨的方法,所述护套具有被构造成跨立于肌腱的叉末端。本领域技术人员将会理解,该方法可与图19A至图23B中所示的任何护套结合使用。作为非限制性示例,护套240示出为在其远侧端部具有叉末端241。护套240还示出为具有形成于其中并且经由螺纹配合到导丝250上的螺纹尖端的螺纹镗孔。利用肱二头肌肌腱固定术锚定和释放工具进行肱二头肌肌腱固定术的一种示例性方法可包括准备肌腱和测量肌腱。例如,如图24A所示,可操纵护套240以将肌腱定位在叉末端241之间。可使用具有不同间距的叉末端的不同尺寸护套来评估肌腱的尺寸。一旦选择了合适尺寸的护套240,就可将叉末端241定位在肌腱T周围,然后可将护套240插入骨孔B,从而将肌腱推入骨孔中,如图24B所示。肌腱T将沿着护套的相对侧延伸。尽管未示出,但是可将插入工具联接到导丝并可使用其促进将护套和肌腱插入骨孔。该插入器工具可脱离导丝250,使得导丝250在插入骨孔B后仍保持联接到护套240。如图24C所示,扩张器260可在导丝250上方推进并插入护套700中。尽管未示出,但是可将驱动器工具联接到扩张器260并将其用于沿导丝推进扩张器以及将扩张器驱动进入护套。可移除该驱动器工具,然后导丝可脱离锚组件(未示出)。如图24D所示,包括护套240和扩张器260的锚组件仍留在骨孔B中,其中肌腱T围绕其延伸并且定位在位于护套700的远侧末端处的叉末端241之间。
本领域技术人员将会理解,在本文公开的任何实施例中,尖头可具有延展性,使外科医生能够将尖头弯曲和操纵为所需构型,以促进将肌腱插入骨孔中。
图25A至图25E示出了用于将肌腱锚固到骨中的锚组件300的另一个实施例。在该实施例中,护套310在远侧端部310d处分成两半,使得它在近侧端部310p处并沿其近侧部分为大致圆柱形的,并且两个腿312a,312b从其朝远侧延伸。腿312a,312b可被形成于护套中的相对狭槽(仅示出一个狭槽313)分离,所述相对狭槽从远侧端部310d延伸并且终止于近侧端部310p远侧。在该示例性实施例中,所述狭槽沿近侧部分较窄,而沿远侧部分较宽。所述狭槽的较宽远侧部分可在其间座置并接合肌腱,如图25C所示。肌腱可沿图25D中所示的方向延伸。腿312a,312b可为柔性的并且可径向向外扩张以将护套310锚固在骨孔内。如图25D和图25E所示,侧壁可包括形成于其上以产生折曲点的释放切口F,所述折曲点用于在扩张器320推进经过增加的壁厚(凸耳、内部块、肋等)–点P时使腿在释放切口F处向外枢转。释放切口F可恰好在近侧端部310p远侧的位置处形成,使得枢转点P在皮质骨内或在皮质骨下方。释放切口F可为狭槽形式,所述狭槽部分地或完全延伸穿过锚定件的侧壁,并且优选地至少部分地围绕侧壁径向延伸,从而允许腿312a,312b枢转运动。腿312a,312b可具有一定长度,使得当将护套310植入骨中时,腿312a,312b在皮质骨表面下方延伸并且径向向外扩张超出骨孔的尺寸,从而将护套保持在骨孔内。如图25A至图25E中进一步示出,护套310可任选地包括在近侧端部上形成的头部或凸缘314,所述近侧端部紧邻骨表面,从而限制护套插入到骨中的深度。凸缘324可包括形成于其相对侧中以座置肌腱的释放切口315a,315b,如图25B所示。锚组件300还可包括扩张器320,所述扩张器被构造成接收在延伸穿过护套的内管腔内。扩张器320可为经由螺纹与形成于护套310的内表面上的螺纹配合的螺钉,或在其他实施例中,扩张器320可为非螺纹的或仅部分有螺纹的。将扩张器插入护套可引起腿径向向外扩张。本领域的技术人员将会理解,可使用多种其他技术来引起护套远侧端部的扩张。
本领域的技术人员将会理解,本文公开的肱二头肌肌腱固定术方法和装置可用于将肌腱通过骨孔附接到骨的过程中造成创伤或损伤的多种外科手术。本发明还应用于常规的关节修复手术中。
根据上述实施例,本领域的技术人员将会认识到本发明的更多特征和优点。因此,本发明不应受到已具体示出和描述内容的限制,除非所附权利要求有所指示。本文引用的所有出版物和参考文献全文均明确地以引用方式并入本文中。
Claims (26)
1.一种用于将肌腱锚固到骨的锚组件,包括:
基本上圆柱形的护套,所述基本上圆柱形的护套具有形成于其外表面上的骨接合表面特征,并且具有形成于其中并从开放近侧端部延伸到基本上封闭的远侧端部的内管腔,所述基本上封闭的远侧端部包括从其朝远侧延伸并且被构造成促进将肌腱锚固到骨的至少一个肌腱锚定特征;以及
扩张器,所述扩张器具有大致细长的圆柱形构型并且尺寸和形状被设定为接收在所述护套的所述内管腔内,所述扩张器具有延伸穿过其用于接收导丝的管腔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述至少一个肌腱锚定特征包括从所述护套的面向远侧的表面朝远侧延伸的至少一个尖头。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述至少一个肌腱锚定特征包括从所述护套的面向远侧的表面朝远侧延伸并且基本上平行于彼此延伸的第一尖头和第二尖头。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述至少一个肌腱锚定特征包括从所述护套的面向远侧的表面朝远侧延伸的第一尖头、第二尖头和第三尖头。
5.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述至少一个肌腱锚定特征包括具有远侧尖端的至少一个尖头,所述远侧尖端被构造成刺穿组织。
6.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述至少一个肌腱锚定特征包括从所述护套的相对侧壁朝远侧延伸的第一伸长凸片和第二伸长凸片,所述凸片在其间限定大致U形的凹陷部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述至少一个肌腱锚定特征包括半圆形钩。
8.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述至少一个肌腱锚定特征包括具有形成穿过其用于接收肌腱的开口的钩。
9.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述护套的所述开放近侧端部包括从其径向向外延伸并被构造成限制所述护套插入到骨孔中的深度的相对凸缘。
10.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述护套的所述开放近侧端部包括从其径向向外延伸并被构造成当所述护套植入骨孔中时抵靠骨表面的至少一个凸片。
11.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述护套包括从所述远侧端部朝近侧延伸的第一相对狭槽和第二相对狭槽,所述相对狭槽被构造成当所述扩张器接收在其中时允许所述护套径向向外扩张。
12.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述护套包括在其外表面上形成并在近侧-远侧方向纵向延伸的至少肋。
13.根据权利要求1所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述扩张器包括从其近侧端部径向向外延伸的凸缘。
14.一种用于将肌腱锚固到骨的锚组件,包括:
护套,所述护套具有主体,所述主体具有从其朝近侧延伸的至少两个侧壁,所述侧壁在其间限定内管腔,并且所述侧壁具有在其内表面上形成的螺纹,并且所述护套具有从其最远侧表面朝远侧延伸的肌腱接合特征,所述肌腱接合特征被构造成接合肌腱并将其保持在骨孔内;以及
有螺纹的扩张器,所述有螺纹的扩张器被构造成接收在所述侧壁对之间以及经由螺纹与所述侧壁的所述内表面上形成的螺纹配合;
其中所述护套和所述有螺纹的扩张器被构造成使得当所述扩张器完全螺纹连接到所述护套中时,所述护套径向向外扩张以使肌腱保持在骨孔内。
15.根据权利要求14所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括彼此间隔一定距离的至少两个尖头。
16.根据权利要求14所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括被构造成径向向内朝彼此移动以接合其间的肌腱的折叠尖头。
17.根据权利要求14所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括从所述护套的相对侧壁朝远侧延伸的第一伸长凸片和第二伸长凸片,所述凸片在其间限定大致U形的凹陷部。
18.根据权利要求14所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括钩形构件。
19.根据权利要求14所述的锚组件,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括具有穿过其的用于接收肌腱的开口的钩。
20.一种用于将肌腱锚固到骨的方法,包括:
操纵护套以使肌腱与从所述护套的远侧端部朝远侧延伸的肌腱接合特征接合;
在所述肌腱联接到所述肌腱接合特征的情况下将所述护套插入骨孔中,使得所述肌腱围绕所述护套延伸;以及
将扩张器插入所述护套中以使所述护套径向向外扩张,从而使所述肌腱和所述护套锚固在所述骨孔内。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括穿透所述肌腱以使所述肌腱联接到所述护套的尖头。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括凸片并且所述肌腱定位在所述凸片之间。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述肌腱接合特征包括钩住所述肌腱的钩。
24.一种用于将肌腱锚固到骨的方法,包括:
将肌腱跨越骨孔定位并使所述肌腱保持在所需张力下;
将具有肌腱接合特征对的护套靠近所述肌腱定位,所述肌腱接合特征对从所述护套朝远侧延伸;
操纵所述护套以确定沿着所述肌腱的距所述骨孔一定距离的接合点,所述距离是使用所述肌腱接合特征对而测得;以及
使所述肌腱在所述接合点与所述肌腱接合特征对接合,并在所述肌腱联接到所述肌腱接合特征对的情况下将所述护套插入所述骨孔中。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述距离基本上等于所述骨孔的深度。
26.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述距离通过旋转所述护套以使所述尖头沿所述肌腱移动来测量。
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US11622848B2 (en) | 2023-04-11 |
JP6800572B2 (ja) | 2020-12-16 |
AU2015243092B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
US10751161B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
CN105559946B (zh) | 2021-02-09 |
JP2016083365A (ja) | 2016-05-19 |
BR102015026658A2 (pt) | 2016-04-26 |
CA2909944A1 (en) | 2016-04-23 |
BR102015026658B1 (pt) | 2022-01-11 |
EP3020369A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
US20200008928A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
EP3020369B1 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
US20160113758A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
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