CN105557234A - Tree type cultivation technique for ornamental tomato by utilizing solid substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a tree type cultivation technique for ornamental tomato by utilizing a solid substrate. The technique is characterized by comprising the following processes: variety selection, substrate preparation and disinfection, seedling field-planting, and cultivation management. The tree type cultivation technique provided by the invention solves problems existed in a traditional soil cultivation method for tomato, and realizes the tree type cultivation technique for the ornamental tomato by utilizing the solid substrate.

Description

Sight tomato solids matrix tree-type culture technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, specifically a kind of ornamental tomato solids matrix tree-type culture technology.

Background technology

Tomato is all generally cultivated in China various places, and summer and autumn produces more, but ornamental tomato tree is common in cultivation in industrialized agriculture venue, and harvest season sustainable half a year.Tomato tree type cultivation, also known as " tomato individual plant high-yield culture technique ", mainly utilize the indeterminate growth characteristic of tomato, continuing, under suitable warm luminous environment, to adopt nutrient solution substrate culture or water culture technology, in conjunction with physiological regulating control and comprehensive agronomic measures, make tomato grow up to hat width from seedling and reach tens meters even huge tree crown of up to a hundred meters, single plant yield is increased to hundreds of even several thousand kilograms from several kilograms, and the fruiting period of significant prolongation tomato and life cycle reach the object of tomato anniversary or perennation.Along with the universal of modern agricultural production technology and the development of sight-seeing agriculture, in agricultural Tourism Garden of Ecological, ecological harvesting, plantation tomato tree also becomes fashion, a tomato tree can be paved with the space of about 200 ㎡ at fruiting period tree crown, about 1500-2000 the little tomato varied in color is hung from above above frame, has sight and temptation.

Summary of the invention

The present invention solves the technical problem existed in tomato soil cultivation method, according to plant physiology principle, invents a kind of ornamental tomato solids matrix tree-type culture technology.

The present invention for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme taked, ornamental tomato solids matrix tree-type culture technology, its special character comprises following process:

1, Fruit variety tomato tree can grow 1 year even longer by 2 years, breeding time will run through the four seasons, in selection with when determining tomato variety, the kind of one dimensional infinite wall should be selected, also will consider simultaneously: 1. disease resistance: the ability should with diseases such as high antiviral disease, leaf mold and fusarium wilts; 2. storage tolerance: long for ensureing fruit phase of bearing fruit, should select thicker, the long keeping kind of pericarp; 3. high sight: in order to have higher ornamental value, should select that result on painted bright-coloured, same fruit ear is many, fruit footpath kind of the same size.Common cultivar has single No. 6 of capital, French rose crown prince, Japanese slight, rainbow 101, Tula nurse (Huang) etc.

2, matrix configuration and sterilization 2.1 matter configuration 1. organic substrate can use corn stalk, mushroom slag, sawdust etc.; 2. inorganic matrix can use sand, slag etc.; 3. mixed-matrix can use gangue, sawdust, corn stalk to press 1:2:2 proportions; 4. industrialized agriculture commonly uses the matrix peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite 3:1:1.Also the formula of local substrate culture can be taked according to local condition.1. the sterilization of 2.2 matrix tans by the sun, and in 6-8 month, more than 30 DEG C high temperature, ted matrix on cement threshing ground, allows scorching hot sunlight direct irradiation 5-7d, generally can directly kill fungal spore or worm's ovum.2. plastic film covering high-temperature sterilization, summer high temperature season, matrix is piled the high heap of 20-30cm (length and width are determined on a case-by-case basis), matrix is squirted with water, keep moisture about 80%, then with covered rearing with plastic film matrix heap, the compacting of surrounding brick, airtight, tan by the sun 10-15d, Disinfection Effect is good.3. formalin sterilization, the formaldehyde of 40% and formalin solution are a kind of good bactericide.Generally be diluted with water to 40-50 times of liquid during use, then spray matrix by every square metre, the watering can 20-40l water yield, matrix is evenly squirted, sprayed rear more than covered rearing with plastic film 24h.Film is thrown off by matrix air-dry about 2 weeks, to eliminate left drug harm before using.

3, seedling field planting technology 3.1 planting-stock age carries out down basin when tomato seedling grows to 4 true leaves in the dish of cave, can first pour into 12mm u65297X2mm nutritive cube in, maintenance is carried out, the field planting when height of seedling degree 50-70cm etc. in the nutritive cube pouring 30mmu65299X0mm when growing to 8 true leaves into.First 3.2 field planting methods spread the sterile cobblestone 5-10cm differed in size at cultivating groove (bucket) end thick, then matrix is poured into, matrix is turned over neat and well spaced flat, and water a water, matrix is fully absorbed water, take off hole field planting by the strain of every groove 1 after water permeation, matrix outline sticks together higher than seedling, waters little water after cultivation.

4, to reach 1-2a vegetative period even longer for cultivation management technology 4.1 illumination and Temperature and Humidity Control tomato tree type cultivation, and go through heat and winter severe cold in summer, therefore, environment conditioning is a key and very important work.4.1.1 illumination control tomato requires higher to illumination, normal growth is grown and is required that illumination is at 30000-35000Lx, time autumn and winter, illumination is more weak, greenhouse roof should be kept clean clean as far as possible, to maximally utilise natural lighting, when successive cloudy days or sleety weather illumination deficiency, adopt light compensating lamp light filling as far as possible.4.1.2 temperature to control after field planting on temperature treatment, based on insulation, to keep daytime 25-28 DEG C, night about 16 DEG C; Suitably ventilate after slow seedling, keep daytime about 25 DEG C, night about 16 DEG C; Fruiting period keeps daytime about 25 DEG C, night 10-13 DEG C.In greenhouse, maximum temperature must not more than 33 DEG C.4.1.3 humid control air humidity in summer can maintain 60%-80%, and winter controls at 50%-60%.Management and the illumination of 4.2 nutrient management tomatoes tree nutrient solutions, temperature, vegetative stage are closely related, and when illumination is weak, temperature is low, nutrient solution concentration can be higher, otherwise then lower.Vegetative growth phase nutrient solution concentration can be lower, and fruiting period concentration can correspondingly improve.Under normal circumstances, nutrient solution pH value is 5.5-6.5 scope, finely tunes EC value, seedling stage EC value 1.8-2.0, vegetative growth phase EC value 2.0-2.3, phase EC value 2.3-2.8 of yielding positive results is advisable.4.3 extermination of disease and insect pest will be relied mainly on prevention to the extermination of disease and insect pest of tree-like tomato.Prophylactic measures to be strengthened to root system especially, regularly fill with root with carbendazim, root-rot spirit etc.; Acrial part 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, tpn etc., by 800-1000 concentration periodically sprinkle diseases prevention doubly.The insect pest of greenhouse culture tomato tree is less, occurs to spray corresponding insecticide period, then coordinates abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times of liquid, can reach the object of diseases prevention worm according to different insect pest.A small amount of carbendazim is smeared in the wound of fine day branch after cutting, prevents wound susceptible, and 10-15d pacifies the disinfectants such as rope and sprays whole planting environment, keeps environment ventilation and penetrating light, reduces the chance that disease worm invades.4.4 trainings are cut all flowers before result with hanging climing technology main points manage of prune, do not allow its result, and body is set in guarantee to greatest extent has enough nourishing and growing, for anaphase is laid a solid foundation.By practice for many years, sum up " three six fork 12 branches " pruning method, when tomato grows to 1m, retain 3 healthy and strong branches of distance more than root 30cm, hang climing with polypropylene plastics rope, rope top is fixed on frame iron wire, and lower part series is on branch, and stem is climing to be mutually wound around to be kept upright with lifting rope and to grow.Then on each branch, retain a branch again, so just become 6 branches, then retain a branch on each branch, just become 12 branches generally.Keep these 12 branches to grow to frame, then let alone growth, no longer beat side shoot in principle, but must manually arrange it, accomplish that branch is in picturesque disorder, excite the maximum capacity of plant.4.5 nourish and grow with the photosynthetic product total amount of the regulation and control crop of reproductive growth is accumulated by the still life matter output of every day in breeding time, in order to obtain the maximum effcetive output of crop whole breeding time, except carrying out effectively except regulable control to the integrated environment of crop whole breeding time, also will to the growth situation of each breeding time of crop, nourish and grow and carry out regulable control effectively with reproductive growth.In growth early stage mainly through restraining genital growth by force, strengthen nourishing and growing, promote the foundation of photosynthetic form, expand material regenerative ratio and realize.By this adjustment, powerful root system and influences of plant crown can be formed after 3 months in field planting, for reproductive growth, the expansion rapidly of middle and later periods plant is yielded positive results and created favourable condition.

technique effect

Technique effect of the present invention is, adopts technique scheme, solves soil cultivation Problems existing, can realize a kind of ornamental tomato solids matrix tree-type culture technology.This culture technique, makes nutrient not only can not lose, and keeps balance, according to the different bearing stage, scientifically supply nutrient, so crop growth is healthy and strong, growth potential is strong, and yield potential can give full play of, and has higher promotional value for proportion of crop planting.

Embodiment

1, Fruit variety tomato tree can grow 1 year even longer by 2 years, breeding time will run through the four seasons, in selection with when determining tomato variety, the kind of one dimensional infinite wall should be selected, also will consider simultaneously: 1. disease resistance: the ability should with diseases such as high antiviral disease, leaf mold and fusarium wilts; 2. storage tolerance: long for ensureing fruit phase of bearing fruit, should select thicker, the long keeping kind of pericarp; 3. high sight: in order to have higher ornamental value, should select that result on painted bright-coloured, same fruit ear is many, fruit footpath kind of the same size.Common cultivar has single No. 6 of capital, French rose crown prince, Japanese slight, rainbow 101, Tula nurse (Huang) etc.

2, matrix configuration and sterilization 2.1 matter configuration 1. organic substrate can use corn stalk, mushroom slag, sawdust etc.; 2. inorganic matrix can use sand, slag etc.; 3. mixed-matrix can use gangue, sawdust, corn stalk to press 1:2:2 proportions; 4. industrialized agriculture commonly uses the matrix peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite 3:1:1.Also the formula of local substrate culture can be taked according to local condition.1. the sterilization of 2.2 matrix tans by the sun, and in 6-8 month, more than 30 DEG C high temperature, ted matrix on cement threshing ground, allows scorching hot sunlight direct irradiation 5-7d, generally can directly kill fungal spore or worm's ovum.2. plastic film covering high-temperature sterilization, summer high temperature season, matrix is piled the high heap of 20-30cm (length and width are determined on a case-by-case basis), matrix is squirted with water, keep moisture about 80%, then with covered rearing with plastic film matrix heap, the compacting of surrounding brick, airtight, tan by the sun 10-15d, Disinfection Effect is good.3. formalin sterilization, the formaldehyde of 40% and formalin solution are a kind of good bactericide.Generally be diluted with water to 40-50 times of liquid during use, then spray matrix by every square metre, the watering can 20-40l water yield, matrix is evenly squirted, sprayed rear more than covered rearing with plastic film 24h.Film is thrown off by matrix air-dry about 2 weeks, to eliminate left drug harm before using.

3, seedling field planting technology 3.1 planting-stock age carries out down basin when tomato seedling grows to 4 true leaves in the dish of cave, can first pour into 12mm u65297X2mm nutritive cube in, maintenance is carried out, the field planting when height of seedling degree 50-70cm etc. in the nutritive cube pouring 30mmu65299X0mm when growing to 8 true leaves into.First 3.2 field planting methods spread the sterile cobblestone 5-10cm differed in size at cultivating groove (bucket) end thick, then matrix is poured into, matrix is turned over neat and well spaced flat, and water a water, matrix is fully absorbed water, take off hole field planting by the strain of every groove 1 after water permeation, matrix outline sticks together higher than seedling, waters little water after cultivation.

4, to reach 1-2a vegetative period even longer for cultivation management technology 4.1 illumination and Temperature and Humidity Control tomato tree type cultivation, and go through heat and winter severe cold in summer, therefore, environment conditioning is a key and very important work.4.1.1 illumination control tomato requires higher to illumination, normal growth is grown and is required that illumination is at 30000-35000Lx, time autumn and winter, illumination is more weak, greenhouse roof should be kept clean clean as far as possible, to maximally utilise natural lighting, when successive cloudy days or sleety weather illumination deficiency, adopt light compensating lamp light filling as far as possible.4.1.2 temperature to control after field planting on temperature treatment, based on insulation, to keep daytime 25-28 DEG C, night about 16 DEG C; Suitably ventilate after slow seedling, keep daytime about 25 DEG C, night about 16 DEG C; Fruiting period keeps daytime about 25 DEG C, night 10-13 DEG C.In greenhouse, maximum temperature must not more than 33 DEG C.4.1.3 humid control air humidity in summer can maintain 60%-80%, and winter controls at 50%-60%.Management and the illumination of 4.2 nutrient management tomatoes tree nutrient solutions, temperature, vegetative stage are closely related, and when illumination is weak, temperature is low, nutrient solution concentration can be higher, otherwise then lower.Vegetative growth phase nutrient solution concentration can be lower, and fruiting period concentration can correspondingly improve.Under normal circumstances, nutrient solution pH value is 5.5-6.5 scope, finely tunes EC value, seedling stage EC value 1.8-2.0, vegetative growth phase EC value 2.0-2.3, phase EC value 2.3-2.8 of yielding positive results is advisable.4.3 extermination of disease and insect pest will be relied mainly on prevention to the extermination of disease and insect pest of tree-like tomato.Prophylactic measures to be strengthened to root system especially, regularly fill with root with carbendazim, root-rot spirit etc.; Acrial part 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, tpn etc., by 800-1000 concentration periodically sprinkle diseases prevention doubly.The insect pest of greenhouse culture tomato tree is less, occurs to spray corresponding insecticide period, then coordinates abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times of liquid, can reach the object of diseases prevention worm according to different insect pest.A small amount of carbendazim is smeared in the wound of fine day branch after cutting, prevents wound susceptible, and 10-15d pacifies the disinfectants such as rope and sprays whole planting environment, keeps environment ventilation and penetrating light, reduces the chance that disease worm invades.4.4 trainings are cut all flowers before result with hanging climing technology main points manage of prune, do not allow its result, and body is set in guarantee to greatest extent has enough nourishing and growing, for anaphase is laid a solid foundation.By practice for many years, sum up " three six fork 12 branches " pruning method, when tomato grows to 1m, retain 3 healthy and strong branches of distance more than root 30cm, hang climing with polypropylene plastics rope, rope top is fixed on frame iron wire, and lower part series is on branch, and stem is climing to be mutually wound around to be kept upright with lifting rope and to grow.Then on each branch, retain a branch again, so just become 6 branches, then retain a branch on each branch, just become 12 branches generally.Keep these 12 branches to grow to frame, then let alone growth, no longer beat side shoot in principle, but must manually arrange it, accomplish that branch is in picturesque disorder, excite the maximum capacity of plant.4.5 nourish and grow with the photosynthetic product total amount of the regulation and control crop of reproductive growth is accumulated by the still life matter output of every day in breeding time, in order to obtain the maximum effcetive output of crop whole breeding time, except carrying out effectively except regulable control to the integrated environment of crop whole breeding time, also will to the growth situation of each breeding time of crop, nourish and grow and carry out regulable control effectively with reproductive growth.In growth early stage mainly through restraining genital growth by force, strengthen nourishing and growing, promote the foundation of photosynthetic form, expand material regenerative ratio and realize.By this adjustment, powerful root system and influences of plant crown can be formed after 3 months in field planting, for reproductive growth, the expansion rapidly of middle and later periods plant is yielded positive results and created favourable condition.

Claims (1)

1. an ornamental tomato solids matrix tree-type culture technology, is characterized in that comprising following process: the configuration of Fruit variety, matrix and sterilization, seedling field planting technology, cultivation management technology.