CN105503254B - 一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105503254B CN105503254B CN201610014637.5A CN201610014637A CN105503254B CN 105503254 B CN105503254 B CN 105503254B CN 201610014637 A CN201610014637 A CN 201610014637A CN 105503254 B CN105503254 B CN 105503254B
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- barium titanate
- foamed ceramics
- slurry
- titanate foamed
- preparation
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000002993 sponge (artificial) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MTZOKGSUOABQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);phthalate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O MTZOKGSUOABQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 hydroxyl hexyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001596 poly (chlorostyrenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。以有机粘结剂、有机流变剂和有机分散剂为助剂,去离子水为溶剂,纳米钛酸钡为陶瓷原料,混合研磨后,形成具有一定固含量的浆料;将预处理过的聚合物海绵浸渍于浆料中挂浆处理后,经干燥,得到挂浆理想且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯,再经烧结得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。本发明提供的泡沫陶瓷呈三维立体网络骨架结构,其骨架是由化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡陶瓷组成。它集成了钛酸钡优异的介电性能以及泡沫陶瓷高孔隙率、低比重的特点,同时具有高强度。本发明提供的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法具有工艺简单、适用性广等特点,适合于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法,属于泡沫陶瓷技术领域。
背景技术
泡沫陶瓷(Foam Ceramic,FC)是一种经特殊工艺制作而成的具有三维立体网络骨架结构和贯通气孔的新型多孔陶瓷材料。比较成熟的泡沫陶瓷制备工艺有发泡工艺、添加造孔剂工艺及有机泡沫浸渍法等。其中,有机泡沫浸渍法具有工艺简单、可批量生产等优点。然而,该工艺大部分采用微米或是更大尺寸的陶瓷原料以及无机助剂制备陶瓷浆料,因此常常需要进行长时间的研磨以得到分散均匀、流动性良好的浆料。
鉴于泡沫陶瓷所具有的高化学稳定性、高强度、耐高温、抗热震、低密度、高气孔率、大比表面积等诸多优点,因此其广泛应用于制备汽车尾气装置、节能隔热材料、工业污水处理、化学催化剂载体、生物材料等。值得注意,现有的泡沫陶瓷材料基本上为终端产品,直接应用,尚未用于制备高介电常数树脂基复合材料。
目前,泡沫陶瓷主要有碳化硅(SiC)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和氮化硅(Si3N4)。它们的介电常数都较小(一般小于12),不能满足高介电材料的性能要求。同时,现有的泡沫陶瓷材料的强度较低,因此为了提高其强度,往往在制备过程中添加大量的无机助剂,难于得到化学组成单一的纯净泡沫陶瓷。如“氧化铝质泡沫陶瓷过滤器”(CN 101164658)的中国发明专利,公开了一种以氧化铝为主要成分所制备的一种适合于铝、铝合金及铜过滤净化的氧化铝质泡沫陶瓷过滤器。该泡沫陶瓷在制备过程中加入了二氧化硅、滑石、高岭土为烧结助剂,得到的是一种含有其他杂质的氧化铝质泡沫陶瓷。又如“氮化硅质泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法”(CN 102093076A)的中国发明专利,公开了一种以氮化硅为主要成分,以氧化钇、氧化铝以及二氧化硅为烧结助剂,采用有机泡沫浸渍法制备的一种氮化硅质泡沫陶瓷。众所周知,在众多的材料性能之中,介电性能是对结构变化最为敏感的性能之一。因此,杂质的存在将不利于保持原有介电陶瓷的优异介电性能。
钛酸钡陶瓷具有优异的机械强度、高介电常数、低介电损耗及铁电、压电及正温度系数效应等优异的电学性能,是制备高介电、铁电、压电等材料的理想材料。迄今,关于钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法尚未见诸报道。鉴于钛酸钡陶瓷的性能优势及其主要应用领域,化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷才能发挥其性能优势,满足应用要求。显然,这将导致出现强度低的问题。因此,如何制备具有高强度且化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷是摆在研究者面前的一个富有挑战性意义的课题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种具有高强度、高介电常数骨架、且化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)按质量计,将100份纳米钛酸钡与30~120份浓度为1~15wt%的有机粘结剂水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入10~80份浓度为0.5~3wt%的有机流变剂水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入20~80份浓度为0.5~3wt%的有机分散剂水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C;
(2)将规格为15~35PPI的聚合物海绵浸渍在浓度为5~20wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至50~75℃并保温2~6h后,取出聚合物海绵,用去离子水洗涤、甩干,得到聚合物海绵D;在常温下,将聚合物海绵D浸渍在浓度为0.5~3wt%的表面活性剂水溶液中,停留2~6h后,取出甩干,在温度40~80℃的条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚合物海绵E;
(3)将预处理的聚合物海绵E浸渍在步骤(1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置1~10min进行挂浆处理,挤压排除多余的浆料后,在温度为40~80℃的条件下进行干燥处理;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理1~7次,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以0.5~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至100~300℃,再以0.5~5℃/min的速率升温至500~700℃, 在温度为500~700℃的条件下保温0.5~2h后,以2~10℃/min的速率升温至1000~1500℃,在温度为1000~1500℃的条件下保温1~5h后,随炉冷却至室温,得到一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
本发明所述聚合物海绵的聚合物材质为聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯中的任意一种。
所述的纳米钛酸钡的平均粒径≤100nm。
所述的有机粘结剂为聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
所述的有机流变剂为羧甲基纤维素、羟己基纤维素中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
所述的有机分散剂为聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸胺中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
所述的表面活性剂为羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯亚胺中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
本发明技术方案还包括按上述制备方法得到的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
本发明采用纳米钛酸钡作为浆料的无机陶瓷成分,充分利用了材料的纳米效应,所制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷具有高强度,其原理具体而言:首先,纳米级陶瓷晶粒缺陷多、比表面积大,因此烧结活性大,制成的陶瓷强度高;其次,纳米级晶粒还能妨碍微裂纹的发展,不易造成穿晶断裂,有利于提高断裂韧性、耐磨性和强度;第三,纳米级颗粒能形成分散均匀的浆料,坯体致密,也不易造成堵孔。特别是,为制得化学组成单一的纯净泡沫陶瓷,本发明采用有机助剂;而有机助剂高温分解后产生的是小孔,因此采用纳米钛酸钡能提高泡沫陶瓷骨架的致密性;第四,纳米颗粒可以使烧结体的密度提高。
同时,本发明选用具有高介电常数的纳米钛酸钡作为原料,其他有机助剂在烧结过程中分解,而钛酸钡进一步瓷化,表现出更高的介电常数,因此,得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷是一种具有高介电常数的骨架。
与现有技术相比,本发明取得的有益效果是:
1、本发明所制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷是一种具有化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡骨架的泡沫陶瓷,这是因为在制备过程中没有添加或者“就地”生成其他无机材料,而是采用有机助剂,其在高温烧结过程中分解,从而得到一种高强度、高介电常数骨架、且具有化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
2、不同于现有技术中的浆料以微米级陶瓷原料及无机助剂为组成,本发明采用纳米钛酸钡作为浆料的无机陶瓷成分且使用有机助剂。因此,本发明不需要使用球磨机进行长时间研磨,而只需通过简单的研磨即可得到分散均匀、流动性良好的浆料,具有高效率、节能的优点。
3、本发明所制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷集成了钛酸钡优异的介电性能以及泡沫陶瓷高孔隙率、低比重的特点,为钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的进一步改性与应用、新型介电泡沫陶瓷的研发、钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷/聚合物复合材料高性能化等方面提供巨大的应用前景。
4、本发明提供的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法具有工艺简单、适用性广等特点,适合于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制备的聚氨酯海绵E、钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯及钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷和实施例2制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的体视显微镜照片。
图2是本发明实施例1、3、4和5中钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的X射线衍射图。
图3是本发明实施例5提供的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的扫描电镜照片(放大1千倍)。
图4是本发明比较例1制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷/氰酸酯树脂复合材料和比较例2制备的钛酸钡陶瓷/氰酸酯树脂复合材料的介电常数随频率变化图。
图5是本发明实施例5、6和7制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图、实施例和比较例,对本发明技术方案作进一步的描述。
实施例1
1)浆料的配制
将20g钛酸钡(平均粒径100nm)与10g 浓度为10wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入5g 浓度为2wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入10g浓度为 1wt%的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚氨酯海绵的处理
将规格为25 PPI的聚氨酯海绵浸渍在浓度为15wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至60℃并保温3.5h;而后将聚氨酯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚氨酯海绵D;在常温下,将聚氨酯海绵D浸渍在浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液中并停留3h;而后取出甩去多余的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,在温度60℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚氨酯海绵E。其体视显微镜照片参见附图1。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置5min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度40℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理4次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。其体视显微镜照片参见附图1。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1200℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。其体视显微镜照片和X射线衍射图分别参见附图1和2。
实施例2
1)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将实施例1中预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在实施例1提供的浆料C中,在常温下放置5min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度40℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理2次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
2)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤1制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1200℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。其体视显微镜照片参见附图1。
参见附图1,它是本发明实施例1制备的聚氨酯海绵E、钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯及钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷和实施例2制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的体视显微镜照片。从中可知,实施例1中预处理的聚氨酯海绵E经浆料挂浆后,钛酸钡均匀地涂覆在海绵的骨架上(实施例1)。经烧结后,聚氨酯海绵高温分解,得到孔分布均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷(实施例1和2)。与实施例2制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷相比,实施例1制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷具有更粗壮的骨架,那是因为随着挂浆次数的增加,在海绵骨架上的挂浆量增加。
实施例3
将实施例1中制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1000℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。其X射线衍射图参见附图2。
实施例4
将实施例1中制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1100℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。其X射线衍射图参见附图2。
实施例5
将实施例1中制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1300℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。其X射线衍射图、扫描电镜照片和抗压强度分别参见附图2、3和5。
参见附图2,它是本发明实施例1、3、4和5制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的X射线衍射图。可以看到,纳米钛酸钡在22.1°、31.6°、38.9°、45.2°、50.8°、56.1°、65.8°、70.2°、74.6°以及78.9°处出现明显的衍射峰,它们分别对应于(100)、(110)、(111)、(002)/(200)、(210)、(211)、(220)、(221)、(310)和(113)晶面(JCPDS No.5-0626)。2θ在45.2°是否分裂成两个衍射峰是判断钛酸钡晶型的有效依据。由于实施例3中制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷在45.2°处未出现分裂峰,因此可判断实施例3所制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷为立方晶型。与实施例3不同,实施例1、4和5所制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的谱图在45.2°处出现两个分裂峰,表明钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的晶型向四方相转变,且其分裂峰强随烧结温度的升高而明显,说明钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷中四方相的含量增多。结果表明改变烧结温度可以调节钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的晶型及不同晶相的含量。特别值得注意的是,所有的X射线衍射图均未出现其他杂峰,表明有机助剂在烧结过程中分解,得到化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
参见附图3,它是本发明实施例5制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的扫描电镜照片。从中可以看出,泡沫陶瓷生坯经高温烧结之后,有机助剂分解,钛酸钡晶粒生长、变大,得到致密性较好的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷骨架。
以上结果表明已经成功地制备了化学组成单一且致密性较好的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
比较例1, 钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷/氰酸酯树脂复合材料的制备:将实施例1中制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷置于模具中,于160℃烘箱预热;将2,2-二(4-氰酰苯基)丙烷(双酚A型氰酸酯)在160℃熔化1h,将得到的溶液浇注到已预热的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷中,于160℃下抽真空除气泡0.5h;而后按照160℃/2h+180℃/2h+200℃/2h+220℃/2h和240℃/4h的工艺分别进行固化和后处理;缓慢冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷/氰酸酯树脂复合材料,其中氰酸酯树脂的含量为69.2vol%。该复合材料的介电常数随频率变化图参见附图4。
比较例2,钛酸钡/氰酸酯树脂复合材料的制备:在搅拌条件下,将21.3g的钛酸钡(平均粒径100nm)与10g双酚A型氰酸酯于150℃混合,于90℃超声分散10min后,在150℃预聚0.5h,得到预聚体;将预聚体浇入模具中,在160℃真空条件下脱气泡0.5h,按照工艺160℃/2h+180℃/2h+200℃/2h+220℃/2h和240℃/4h工艺进行固化和后处理,即得到钛酸钡/氰酸酯树脂复合材料,其中氰酸酯树脂的含量为69.2vol%。该复合材料的介电常数随频率变化图参见附图4。
参见附图4,它是比较例1制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷/氰酸酯树脂复合材料与比较例2制备的钛酸钡/氰酸酯树脂复合材料的介电常数随频率变化图。由图可知,在相同的功能体含量下,钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷/氰酸酯树脂复合材料比钛酸钡/氰酸酯树脂复合材料具有更高的介电常数,如比较例1在100Hz下,其介电常数可达83.3,其值是比较例2制得的钛酸钡/氰酸酯树脂复合材料(9.9)的8.4倍。这是因为以具有三维立体网络骨架的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷作为功能体,使得钛酸钡均匀分布在复合材料中,从而大大地提高了复合材料的介电常数。因此,本发明提供的化学组成单一的纯净钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷有利于制备具有高介电常数的复合材料。
实施例6
1)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将实施例1中预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在浆料C(实施例1)中,在常温下放置5min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度40℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理3次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
2)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤1)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1300℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。其抗压强度参见附图5。
实施例7
1)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将实施例1中预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在浆料C(实施例1)中,在常温下放置5min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度40℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理5次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
2)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤1)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1300℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。其抗压强度参见附图5。
参见附图5,它是本发明实施例5、6和7制备的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度。由图可以看出,随着挂浆次数的增加,钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的抗压强随之增加。当挂浆次数分别为4、5和6时,钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度分别为0.16MPa、0.21MPa和0.27MPa。结果表明,制备得到的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷具有一定的强度,足以保证在复合材料的制备过程中,钛酸钡陶瓷不被破坏。
实施例8
钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将实施例1中制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温2h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1400℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例9
钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将实施例1中制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1500℃,保温1h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例10
1)浆料的配制
将20g钛酸钡(平均粒径30nm)与24g浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入5g浓度为2wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入16g浓度为0.5wt%的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚苯乙烯海绵的处理
将规格为25PPI的聚苯乙烯海绵浸渍在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至75℃并保温6h;而后,将聚苯乙烯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚苯乙烯海绵D;在常温下,将聚苯乙烯海绵D浸渍在浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液中并停留6h;而后,取出甩去多余的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,在温度60℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚苯乙烯海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚苯乙烯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置1min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度50℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理1次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以0.5℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1200℃,保温5h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例11
1)浆料的配制
将20g钛酸钡(平均粒径50nm)与6g 浓度为10wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液和18g浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液的混合液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入5g浓度为0.5wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液和5g浓度为3wt%的羟己基纤维素水溶液的混合液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入10g浓度为1wt%的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚氨酯海绵的处理
将规格为25PPI的聚氨酯海绵浸渍在浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至50℃并保温2h;而后,将聚氨酯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚氨酯海绵D;在常温下,将聚氨酯海绵D浸渍在浓度为3wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中并停留2h;而后,取出甩去多余的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,在温度80℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚氨酯海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在浆料步骤1)制得的C中,在常温下放置10min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度50℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理4次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以0.5℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以5℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温0.5h;然后以2℃/min的速率升温至1300℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例12
1)浆料的配制
将20g钛酸钡(平均粒径100nm)与6g浓度为15wt%的甲基纤维素水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入16g浓度为0.5wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入10g浓度为0.5wt%的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液和6g浓度为0.5wt%的聚丙烯酸胺水溶液的混合液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚氨酯海绵的处理
将规格为25PPI的聚氨酯海绵浸渍在浓度为10wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至60℃并保温3.5h;而后,将聚氨酯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚氨酯海绵D;在常温下,将聚氨酯海绵D浸渍在浓度为0.5wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中并停留3h;而后,取出甩去多余的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,在温度40℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚氨酯海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置5min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度80℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理4次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以5℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以5℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温0.5h;然后以10℃/min的速率升温至1000℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例13
1)浆料的配制
将20g 钛酸钡(平均粒径30nm)与10g浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液和10g浓度为1wt%的甲基纤维素水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入2g浓度为2wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入10g浓度为1wt%的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液和6g浓度为1wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液的混合液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚氨酯海绵的处理
将规格为35PPI的聚氨酯海绵浸渍在浓度为15wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至60℃并保温3.5h;而后,将聚氨酯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚氨酯海绵D;在常温下,将聚氨酯海绵D浸渍在等体积浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液和浓度为1wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液的混合液中并停留3h;而后,取出甩去多余的羧甲基纤维素和聚乙烯亚胺的混合液,在温度60℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚氨酯海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置10min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度50℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理4次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以1℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温1h;然后以2℃/min的速率升温至1000℃,保温1h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例14
1)浆料的配制
将20g钛酸钡(平均粒径50nm)与6g浓度为10wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液和10g浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液的混合液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入5g浓度为2wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入5g浓度为1wt%的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液和5g浓度为1wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液的混合液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚氯乙烯海绵的处理
将规格为15PPI的聚氯乙烯海绵浸渍在浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至60℃并保温2h;而后,将聚氯乙烯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚氯乙烯海绵D;在常温下,将聚氯乙烯海绵D浸渍在浓度为0.5wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液中并停留3h;而后,取出甩去多余的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,在温度60℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚氯乙烯海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚氯乙烯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置5min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度80℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理4次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以0.5℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以5℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温2h;然后以5℃/min的速率升温至1200℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例15
1)浆料的配制
将20g 钛酸钡(平均粒径30nm)与24g浓度为1wt%的甲基纤维素水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入2g浓度为3wt%的羟己基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入16g浓度为0.5wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚苯乙烯海绵的处理
将规格为25PPI的聚苯乙烯海绵浸渍在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至75℃并保温6h;而后,将聚苯乙烯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚苯乙烯海绵D;在常温下,将聚苯乙烯海绵D浸渍在浓度为3wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中并停留2h;而后,取出甩去多余的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,在温度60℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚苯乙烯海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚苯乙烯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置10min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度50℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理7次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以0.5℃/min的速率由室温升温至200℃,再以5℃/min的速率升温至600℃;在600℃保温2h;然后以10℃/min的速率升温至1000℃,保温5h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例16
1)浆料的配制
将20g 钛酸钡(平均粒径50nm)与6g浓度为15wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入16g 浓度为0.5wt%的羟己基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入4g浓度为3wt%的聚丙烯酸胺水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚氯乙烯海绵的处理
将规格为25PPI的聚氯乙烯海绵浸渍在浓度为20wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至50℃并保温2h;而后,将聚氯乙烯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚氯乙烯海绵D;在常温下,将聚氯乙烯海绵D浸渍在浓度为0.5wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中并停留2h;而后,取出甩去多余的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,在温度80℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚氯乙烯海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚氯乙烯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置1min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度80℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理1次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以5℃/min的速率由室温升温至100℃,再以0.5℃/min的速率升温至500℃;在500℃保温0.5h;然后以10℃/min的速率升温至1500℃,保温2h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
实施例17
1)浆料的配制
将20g钛酸钡(平均粒径100nm)与15g浓度为10wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入10g浓度为1wt%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入5g浓度为2wt%的聚丙烯酸胺水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C。
2)聚氨酯海绵的处理
将规格为25PPI的聚氨酯海绵浸渍在浓度为15wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至60℃并保温3.5h;而后,将聚氨酯海绵取出,用去离子水洗涤数次,甩干后得到聚氨酯海绵D;在常温下,将聚氨酯海绵D浸渍在浓度为0.5wt%的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中并停留6h;而后,取出甩去多余的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,在温度60℃条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚氨酯海绵海绵E。
3)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯的制备
将预处理的聚氨酯海绵E浸渍在步骤1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置5min;随后挤压排除多余的浆料,于温度40℃条件下干燥;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理7次,得到挂浆均匀且无堵孔的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯。
4)钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备
将步骤3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以2℃/min的速率由室温升温至300℃,再以2℃/min的速率升温至700℃;在700℃保温2h;然后以8℃/min的速率升温至1200℃,保温3h;结束后,随炉冷却至室温,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
Claims (8)
1.一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于包含如下步骤:
(1)按质量计,将100份纳米钛酸钡与30~120份浓度为1~15wt%的有机粘结剂水溶液充分研磨,得到浆料A;在浆料A中加入10~80份浓度为0.5~3wt%的有机流变剂水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料B;在浆料B中加入20~80份浓度为0.5~3wt%的有机分散剂水溶液,充分研磨后得到浆料C;
(2)将规格为15~35 PPI的聚合物海绵浸渍在浓度为5~20wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,升温至50~75℃并保温2~6h后,取出聚合物海绵,用去离子水洗涤、甩干,得到聚合物海绵D;在常温下,将聚合物海绵D浸渍在浓度为0.5~3wt%的表面活性剂水溶液中,停留2~6h后,取出甩干,在温度40~80℃的条件下干燥,得到预处理的聚合物海绵E;
(3)将预处理的聚合物海绵E浸渍在步骤(1)制得的浆料C中,在常温下放置1~10min进行挂浆处理,挤压排除多余的浆料后,在温度为40~80℃的条件下进行干燥处理;依次重复挂浆、干燥处理1~7次,得到钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷生坯以0.5~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至100~300℃,再以0.5~5℃/min的速率升温至500~700℃, 在温度为500~700℃的条件下保温0.5~2h后,以2~10℃/min的速率升温至1000~1500℃,在温度为1000~1500℃的条件下保温1~5h后,随炉冷却至室温,得到一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚合物海绵的聚合物材质为聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的纳米钛酸钡的平均粒径≤100nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机粘结剂为聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机流变剂为羧甲基纤维素、羟己基纤维素中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机分散剂为聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸胺中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的表面活性剂为羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯亚胺中的一种,或它们的任意组合。
8.一种采用权利要求1所述的制备方法得到的钛酸钡泡沫陶瓷。
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