CN105327194A - 一种治疗贫血的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗贫血的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗贫血的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由黄芪、白术、鹿角霜、大枣、党参、鸡内金、泽泻、仙鹤草、巴戟天、茵陈蒿、山药、苍术、黄精、赤芍、当归、鸡血藤、芡实、何首乌、白及、厚朴、白茅根、车前子、半夏、远志、枸杞子、菟丝子、仙茅按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有补血养血,补脾和胃,益气生津,补肝益肾的功能,用于治疗贫血见效快、疗效好,不复发。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗贫血的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
技术背景
贫血是指各种原因导致的外周血红细胞容量低于正常的临床综合征。在一定容积的循环血液内红细胞计数血红蛋白量以及红细胞压积均低于正常标准者。中医则认为贫血与气血失和,脾胃气虚,肝肾阴虚,脏腑亏损有关。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗贫血的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗贫血的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗贫血的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择黄芪、白术、鹿角霜、大枣、党参、鸡内金、泽泻、仙鹤草、巴戟天、茵陈蒿、山药、茯苓、苍术、黄精、赤芍、当归、鸡血藤、芡实、何首乌、白及、厚朴、白茅根、车前子、半夏、远志、枸杞子、菟丝子、仙茅、败酱、紫河车、茜草根原料药进行组合制备的,将这些原料药组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗贫血。其中选用黄芪是因为其性味甘,微温,入肺、脾经,生用有益卫固表,利水消肿,托毒,生肌的功能,治自汗,盗汗,血痹,浮肿,痈疽不溃或溃久敛;炙用有补中益的功能,治内伤劳倦,脾虚泄泻,脱肛,气虚血脱,崩带及一切气衰血虚之症。选用白术是因为其性味苦甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中的功能,治脾胃气弱,不思饮食,倦怠少气,虚胀,泄泻,痰饮,水肿,黄疸,湿痹,小便不利,头晕,自汗,胎气不安。选用鹿角霜是因为其性味咸,温,入肝、肾经,有补虚,助阳的功能,治肾阳不足,腰脊酸痛,脾胃虚寒,呕吐,食少便溏,子宫虚冷,崩漏带下。选用大枣是因为其性味甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾和胃,益气生津,调营卫,解药毒的功能,治胃虚食少,脾弱便溏,气血津液不足,营卫不和,心悸怔忡,妇人脏躁。选用党参是因为其性味甘,平,入手、足太阴经气分,有补中益气,生津的功能,治脾胃虚弱,气血两亏,体倦无力,食少,口渴,久泻,脱肛。选用鸡内金是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃经,有治积滞,健脾胃的功能,治食积胀满,呕吐反胃,泻痢,疳积,消渴,遗溺,喉痹乳蛾,牙疳口疮。选用泽泻是因为其性味甘,寒,入膀胱经,有利水,渗湿,泄热的功能,治小便不利,水肿肛满,呕吐,泻痢,痰饮,脚气,淋病,尿血。选用仙鹤草是因为其性味苦辛,平,入肺、肝、脾经,有止血,健胃的功能,治咯血,吐血,尿血,便血,赤白痢疾,崩漏带下,劳伤脱力,痈肿,跌打、创伤出血。选用巴戟天是因为其性味辛甘,温,入肝、肾经,有补肾阳,壮筋骨,祛风湿的功能,治阳痿,少腹冷痛,小便不禁,子宫虚冷,风寒湿痹,腰膝酸痛。选用茵陈蒿是因为其性味苦辛,凉,入肝、脾、膀胱经,有清热利湿的功能,治湿热黄疸,小便不利,风痒疮疥。选用山药是因为其性味甘,平,入肺、脾、肾经,有健脾,补肺,固肾,益精的功能,治脾虚泄泻,久痢,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精、带下,小便频数。选用茯苓是因为其性味甘淡,平,入心、脾、肺经,有渗湿利水,益脾和胃,宁心安神的功能,治小便不利水肿胀痛,痰饮咳逆,呕哕,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘。选用苍术是因为其性味辛苦,温,入脾、胃经,有健脾,燥湿,解郁,辟秽的功能,治湿盛困脾,倦怠嗜卧,脘痞腹胀,食欲不振,呕吐,泄泻,痢疾,疟疾,痰饮,水肿,时气感冒,风寒湿痹,足痿,夜盲。选用黄精是因为其性味甘平,入脾、肺、肾经,有补中益气,润心肺,强筋骨的功能,治虚损寒热,肺痨咳血,病后体虚食少,筋骨软弱,风湿疼痛,风癞癣疾。选用赤芍是因为其性味苦,微寒,归肝经,有清热凉血,散瘀止痛的功能,治温毒发狂,吐血衄血,目赤肿痛,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,癎瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮疡。选用当归是因为其性味甘辛,温,入心、肝、脾经,有补血和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠的功能,治月经不调,经闭腹痛,癥瘕结聚,崩漏,血虚头痛,眩晕,痿痹,肠燥难便,赤痢后重,痈疽疮疡,金疮,跌扑损伤。选用鸡血藤是因为其性味苦甘,温,入心、脾二经,有活血、舒筋的功能,治腰膝酸痛,麻木瘫痪,月经不调。选用芡实是因为其性味甘涩,平,入脾、肾经,有固肾涩精,补脾止泄,治遗精,淋浊,带下,小便不禁,大便泄泻。选用何首乌是因为其性味苦甘涩,微温,入肝、肾经,有补肝,益肾,养血,祛风的功能,治肝肾阴亏,发须早白,血虚头晕,腰膝软弱,筋骨酸痛,遗精,崩带,久疟,久痢,慢性肝炎,痈肿,瘰疬,肠风,痔疾。选用白及是因为其性味苦甘,凉,入肺经,有补肺,止血,消肿,生观,敛疮的功能,治肺伤咳血,衄血,金疮出血,痈疽肿毒,溃疡疼痛,汤火灼伤,手足皲裂。选用厚朴是因为其性味苦辛,温,入脾、胃、大肠经,有温中,下气,燥湿,消痰的功能,治胸腹痞满胀痛,反胃、呕吐,宿食不消,痰饮喘咳,寒湿泻痢。选用白茅根是因为其性味甘、寒,入肺、胃、小肠经,有凉血,止血,清热,利尿的功能,治热病烦渴,吐血,衄血,肺热喘急,胃热哕逆,淋病,小便不利,水肿,黄疸。选用车前子是因为其性味甘,寒,入肾、膀胱经,有利水,清热,明目,祛痰的功能,治小便不通,淋浊,带下,尿血,暑湿泻痢,咳嗽多痰,湿痹,目赤障翳。选用半夏是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入脾、胃经,有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的功能,治湿痰冷饮,呕吐,反胃,咳喘痰多,胸膈胀满,痰厥头痛,头晕不眠,外消痈肿。选用远志是因为其性味苦辛,温,入心、肾经,有安神益智,祛痰,解郁的功能,治惊悸,健忘,梦遗,失眠,咳嗽多痰,痈疽疮肿。选用枸杞子是因为其性味甘,平,有滋肾,润肺,补肝,明目的功能,治肝肾阴亏,腰膝酸软,头晕目眩,目昏多泪,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗清。选用菟丝子是因为其性味辛甘,平,入肝、肾经,有补肝肾,益精髓,明目的功能,治腰膝酸痛,遗精,消渴,尿有余沥,目暗。选用仙茅是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入肾、肝经,有温肾阳,壮筋骨的功能,治阳萎精冷,小便失禁,崩漏,心腹冷痛,腰脚冷痹,痈疽,瘰疬。选用败酱是因为其性味苦,平,入肝、胃、大肠经,有清热解毒,排脓破瘀的功能,治肠痈,下痢,赤白带下,产后瘀滞腹痛,目赤肿痛,痈肿疥癣。选用紫河车是因为其性味甘咸,温,入肺、肝、肾经,有补气,养血,益精的功能,治虚损,羸瘦,劳热骨蒸,咳喘,咯血,盗汗,遗精,阳痿,妇女血气不足,不孕或乳少。选用茜草根是因为其性味苦寒,有行血,止血,通经活络的功能,治吐血,衄血,便血,血崩。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效
黄芪20-30克,白术15-25克,鹿角霜15-25克,大枣15-20克,党参15-25克,鸡内金5-15克,泽泻10-20克,仙鹤草10-20克,巴戟天10-20克,茵陈蒿15-25克,山药10-20克,茯苓10-20克,苍术10-20克,黄精5-15克,赤芍10-20克,当归10-20克,鸡血藤15-25克,芡实5-15克,何首乌15-25克,白及10-20克,厚朴15-25克,白茅根15-25克,车前子10-20克,半夏10-20克,远志10-20克,枸杞子5-15克,菟丝子5-15克,仙茅15-25克,败酱10-20克,紫河车10-15克,茜草根10-15克。
优选为
黄芪25克,白术20克,鹿角霜20克,大枣18克,党参20克,鸡内金10克,泽泻15克,仙鹤草15克,巴戟天15克,茵陈蒿20克,山药15克,茯苓15克,苍术15克,黄精10克,赤芍15克,当归15克,鸡血藤20克,芡实10克,何首乌20克,白及15克,厚朴20克,白茅根20克,车前子15克,半夏15克,远志15克,枸杞子10克,菟丝子10克,仙茅20克,败酱15克,紫河车12克,茜草根12克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大者,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
2、白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
3、鹿角霜:拣去杂质,斫成小块;
4、大枣:拣净杂质,晒干;
5、党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
6、鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
7、泽泻:拣去杂质,大小分档,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒凉,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片,晒干;
8、仙鹤草:除去杂质残根,洗净,润透,切断,晒干;
9、巴戟天:拣去杂质,用热水泡透后,趁热抽去木心,切段,晒干;
10、茵陈蒿:过筛,拣去杂质,除去残根,碾碎,再过箩去净泥屑;
11、山药:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至山药中心部软化为止,捞出稍晾,切片晒干或烘干;
12、茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
13、苍术:拣去杂质,用水泡至七、八成透,捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
14、黄精:洗净泥土,略润,切片,晒干;
15、赤芍:取原药材,除去杂质,大小分档,洗净,润透,切薄片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
16、当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾至内外湿度一致时,切片晒干;
17、鸡血藤:用水润透,切片,或蒸软后乘热切片,晒干;
18、芡实:先将麸皮放热锅内炒至芡实烟起,再将净芡实倒入,拌炒至微黄色,取出,筛净麸皮,放凉;
19、何首乌:拣去杂质,洗净,用水泡至八成透,捞出,润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成方块,晒干;
20、白及:拣去杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,切片,干燥;
21、厚朴:用水浸泡捞出,润透后刮去粗皮,洗净,切丝,晾干;
22、白茅根:拣净杂质,洗净,微润,切段,晒干,簸净碎屑;
23、车前子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑,空粒;
24、半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
25、远志:拣去杂质,切段,筛去灰屑;
26、枸杞子:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
27、菟丝子:过箩去净杂质,洗净,晒干;
28、仙茅:取净仙茅用黄酒拌匀,润透后,置锅内微炒至干,取出,晾干,每仙茅100斤,用黄酒10—20斤;
29、败酱:取原药材,除去杂质,用水喷淋,稍晾,切段,干燥;
30、紫河车:用新鲜的紫河车,横直割开血管,用水反复洗漂干净;
31、茜草根:拣净杂质,洗净,润透后及时切片,晒干。
二、制备
1、将炮制后的黄芪、白术、鹿角霜、大枣、党参、鸡内金、泽泻、仙鹤草、巴戟天、茵陈蒿、山药、茯苓、苍术、黄精、赤芍、当归、鸡血藤、芡实、何首乌、白及、厚朴、白茅根、车前子、半夏、远志、枸杞子、菟丝子、仙茅、败酱、紫河车、茜草根放入煎药容器内,第一次加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得混合药液,分为4剂服用。
组方中当归有补血和血的功能为君药;山药健脾,补肺,固肾,益精;何首乌有补肝,益肾,养血,祛风治肝肾阴亏的功能,二者为臣药,三味药共同发挥补血,养血,健脾,补肺,补肝,益肾的作用,治疗贫血效力全面,且以补血,养血,健脾为主可治本,大枣有补脾和胃,益气生津,调营卫,解药毒,治气血津液不足,营卫不和的功能为佐药,紫河车有补气,养血,益精,治虚损,血气不足,的功能为使药,与余下诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有补血养血,补脾和胃,益气生津,补肝益肾,的功能,用于治疗贫血,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。服用混合药液超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治贫血门诊患者共29例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为由血液中红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量减少所致。容易疲倦与头昏;活动或劳动后出现面色苍白、眼花、心慌和气促;无力、头晕、耳鸣、记忆力减退、心悸、气短、胸闷、心前区不适等症状。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用3个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:贫血症状消失,体质恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:患者疲倦,面色苍白,心慌气短,胸闷,无力,心悸等症状减轻,贫血症状明显好转,体质逐步恢复;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗贫血患者29例,结果显效24例,显效率为82.76%,好转4例,好转率为13.79%,无效1例,总有效率为96.55%。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗贫血的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
黄芪20-30克,白术15-25克,鹿角霜15-25克,大枣15-20克,党参15-25克,鸡内金5-15克,泽泻10-20克,仙鹤草10-20克,巴戟天10-20克,茵陈蒿15-25克,山药10-20克,茯苓10-20克,苍术10-20克,黄精5-15克,赤芍10-20克,当归10-20克,鸡血藤15-25克,芡实5-15克,何首乌15-25克,白及10-20克,厚朴15-25克,白茅根15-25克,车前子10-20克,半夏10-20克,远志10-20克,枸杞子5-15克,菟丝子5-15克,仙茅15-25克,败酱10-20克,紫河车10-15克,茜草根10-15克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
黄芪25克,白术20克,鹿角霜20克,大枣18克,党参20克,鸡内金10克,泽泻15克,仙鹤草15克,巴戟天15克,茵陈蒿20克,山药15克,茯苓15克,苍术15克,黄精10克,赤芍15克,当归15克,鸡血藤20克,芡实10克,何首乌20克,白及15克,厚朴20克,白茅根20克,车前子15克,半夏15克,远志15克,枸杞子10克,菟丝子10克,仙茅20克,败酱15克,紫河车12克,茜草根12克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大者,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
(2)白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(3)鹿角霜:拣去杂质,斫成小块;
(4)大枣:拣净杂质,晒干;
(5)党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
(6)鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
(7)泽泻:拣去杂质,大小分档,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒凉,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片,晒干;
(8)仙鹤草:除去杂质残根,洗净,润透,切断,晒干;
(9)巴戟天:拣去杂质,用热水泡透后,趁热抽去木心,切段,晒干;
(10)茵陈蒿:过筛,拣去杂质,除去残根,碾碎,再过箩去净泥屑;
(11)山药:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至山药中心部软化为止,捞出稍晾,切片晒干或烘干;
(12)茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
(13)苍术:拣去杂质,用水泡至七、八成透,捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
(14)黄精:洗净泥土,略润,切片,晒干;
(15)赤芍:取原药材,除去杂质,大小分档,洗净,润透,切薄片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
(16)当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾至内外湿度一致时,切片晒干;
(17)鸡血藤:用水润透,切片,或蒸软后乘热切片,晒干;
(18)芡实:先将麸皮放热锅内炒至芡实烟起,再将净芡实倒入,拌炒至微黄色,取出,筛净麸皮,放凉;
(19)何首乌:拣去杂质,洗净,用水泡至八成透,捞出,润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成方块,晒干;
(20)白及:拣去杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,切片,干燥;
(21)厚朴:用水浸泡捞出,润透后刮去粗皮,洗净,切丝,晾干;
(22)白茅根:拣净杂质,洗净,微润,切段,晒干,簸净碎屑;
(23)车前子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑,空粒;
(24)半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
(25)远志:拣去杂质,切段,筛去灰屑;
(26)枸杞子:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
(27)菟丝子:过箩去净杂质,洗净,晒干;
(28)仙茅:取净仙茅用黄酒拌匀,润透后,置锅内微炒至干,取出,晾干,每仙茅100斤,用黄酒10—20斤;
(29)败酱:取原药材,除去杂质,用水喷淋,稍晾,切段,干燥;
(30)紫河车:用新鲜的紫河车,横直割开血管,用水反复洗漂干净;
(31)茜草根:拣净杂质,洗净,润透后及时切片,晒干;
(二)制备
(1)将炮制后的黄芪、白术、鹿角霜、大枣、党参、鸡内金、泽泻、仙鹤草、巴戟天、茵陈蒿、山药、茯苓、苍术、黄精、赤芍、当归、鸡血藤、芡实、何首乌、白及、厚朴、白茅根、车前子、半夏、远志、枸杞子、菟丝子、仙茅、败酱、紫河车、茜草根放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为4剂服用。
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