CN105283481B - 由聚酯型聚氨酯制成的抗水解的聚氨酯模制品 - Google Patents
由聚酯型聚氨酯制成的抗水解的聚氨酯模制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105283481B CN105283481B CN201380072753.7A CN201380072753A CN105283481B CN 105283481 B CN105283481 B CN 105283481B CN 201380072753 A CN201380072753 A CN 201380072753A CN 105283481 B CN105283481 B CN 105283481B
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- methylimidazoles
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- ethyl
- butyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于生产聚氨酯模制品的方法,根据该方法将以下物质混合形成反应混合物:a)有机多异氰酸酯;b)含聚酯多元醇的多元醇;c)任选的发泡剂;d)扩链剂和/或交联剂;e)胺催化剂(任选地包含其他催化剂);f)离子液体;g)通式Z‑N=C=N‑Z的碳化二亚胺(其中Z为有机基团且碳化二亚胺基团‑N=C=N的氮原子与叔碳原子或芳族体系的碳原子结合,在与C‑N键相邻的芳族体系的环位置上的碳原子带有通过仲碳原子和/或叔碳原子键合至芳族体系的有机基团),以及任选的(h)其他助剂和/或添加剂。将混合物引入至模具并使其反应以形成聚氨酯模制品。离子液体与胺催化剂的摩尔比为0.1:1至3.0:1。本发明还涉及可根据此方法制得的聚氨酯模制品以及这些聚氨酯模制品作为鞋底料、特别是安全鞋的鞋底的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于生产聚氨酯模制品的方法,其中将(a)有机多异氰酸酯与(b)含聚酯多元醇的多元醇、(c)任选的发泡剂、(d)扩链剂和/或交联剂、(e)胺催化剂(任选地包含其他催化剂)、(f)离子液体、(g)通式Z-N=C=N-Z的碳化二亚胺(其中Z为有机基团且碳化二亚胺基团-N=C=N-的氮原子与叔碳原子或芳族体系的碳原子结合,在芳族体系中与C-N键相邻的环位置上的碳原子带有通过仲碳原子和/或叔碳原子键合至芳族体系的有机基团),以及任选的(h)其他助剂和/或添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,将该混合物引入至模具中并使其反应以形成聚氨酯模制品,其中离子液体与胺催化剂的摩尔比为0.1:1至3.0:1。本发明还涉及由此方法制得的聚氨酯模制品以及这些聚氨酯模制品作为鞋底料、特别是用于安全鞋的鞋底料的用途。
聚酯型聚氨酯在例如鞋子应用中被用作例如致密弹性体或泡沫弹性体。在此,聚酯型聚氨酯具有比聚醚型聚氨酯更好的机械性能。此外,在有机材料如异辛烷的存在下,PESOL聚氨酯显示出改进的耐溶胀性。这种耐溶胀性是用作安全鞋的重要要求且无法通过聚醚型聚氨酯实现。聚酯型聚氨酯的缺点在于其在湿热环境中易于水解。
基于聚酯多元醇的聚氨酯通常使用通过C4-C6-二羧酸与多官能醇缩聚而制得的聚酯多元醇来制备。然而,这些聚胺酯的缺点在于其唯一不令人满意的水解稳定性。为了提高基于聚酯多元醇的聚氨酯的水解稳定性,这些C4-C6-二羧酸被例如更疏水的二羧酸代替。因此,US 2005124711描述了由二聚脂肪酸所制得的聚酯多元醇而制得的微孔聚酯型聚氨酯。
WO 2004/050735描述了基于将邻苯二甲酸和具有8-12个碳原子的二羧酸结合以提高水解稳定性的聚酯多元醇的用途。
这些具有改进的水解稳定性的聚酯的缺点在于所使用的原料昂贵。此外,与基于由C4-C6-二羧酸与多官能醇缩聚而制得的传统聚酯多元醇的聚氨酯相比,其机械性能更差。最后,传统聚酯多元醇由US 2005124711或WO 2004/050735中所描述的溶液剂的代替由于溶液剂的极性较低而增加了溶胀的异辛烷,因此,这些溶液剂对于生产安全鞋而言仅有有限的适用性。
DE 100 63 497公开了一种方法,其中一元羧酸或多元羧酸的酯以与所用胺催化剂的亚化学计量比使用以改进水解稳定性。在此,所述方法的缺点在于改进的水解稳定性仅持续很短的时间(在70℃且95%相对湿度下约9天)。
聚酯型聚氨酯的水解稳定性可通过加入添加剂如碳化二亚胺而明显提高。所述材料以商品名如或市售。
还已知,在聚酯型聚氨酯中使用离子液体可提高抗静电性。其公开于例如WO2007/090755中。在实施例中,胺催化剂和碳化二亚胺还以离子液体与胺催化剂的摩尔比为4:1使用。
本发明的目的在于提供基于聚酯多元醇且具有改进的水解稳定性和优异的机械性能且特别适于作为安全鞋的鞋底材料的聚氨酯。
本发明的目的已通过聚氨酯模制品实现,所述聚氨酯模制品可通过如下方法生产:其中将(a)有机多异氰酸酯与(b)含有聚酯多元醇的多元醇、(c)任选的发泡剂、(d)扩链剂和/或交联剂、(e)胺催化剂、(f)离子液体、(g)通式Z-N=C=N-Z的碳化二亚胺——其中Z为有机基团且碳化二亚胺基团-N=C=N的氮原子与叔碳原子或芳族体系的碳原子结合,在芳族体系中与C-N键相邻的环位置上的碳原子带有通过仲碳原子和/或叔碳原子键合至芳族体系的有机基团,以及任选的(h)其他助剂和/或添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,将该混合物引入至模具中并使其反应以形成聚氨酯泡沫模制品,其中离子液体与胺催化剂的摩尔比为0.1:1至3.0:1。
具体而言,本发明的聚氨酯模制品为弹性体。这些弹性体包括致密聚氨酯弹性体(也被称为铸塑树脂(cast resin))、以及弹性体的聚氨酯泡沫(优选整体聚氨酯泡沫)。就本发明而言,根据DIN 7726,术语弹性体聚氨酯泡沫指的根据DIN 53577短暂变形达厚度的50%10分钟后具有不超过其原始厚度2%的残余变形的聚氨酯泡沫。就本发明而言,整体聚氨酯泡沫为根据DIN 7726具有由于成型过程而导致的边缘区的密度高于中心的聚氨酯泡沫。中心区和边缘区的平均总泡沫密度优选>150g/L至850g/L、优选为180g/L至750g/L、更优选为200g/L至650g/L。致密聚氨酯弹性体的密度为>850g/L至1400g/L、优选900g/L至1300g/L且特别为950g/L至1200g/L。
用于生产本发明的聚氨酯模制品的有机和/或改性的多异氰酸酯(a)包括现有技术中已知的脂族、脂环族和芳族二官能或多官能异氰酸酯(组分a-1)及其任意混合物。实例为单体型二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),例如二苯基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷2,4’-二异氰酸酯、单体型二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和具有两个以上环的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(聚合的MDI)的同系物的混合物、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯或甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)或上述异氰酸酯的混合物。
优选使用4,4’-MDI。优选使用的4,4’-MDI可包含0至20重量%的2,4’-MDI和少量最高达约10重量%的脲基甲酸酯改性的多异氰酸酯或脲酮亚胺改性的多异氰酸酯。还可使用少量的多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(聚合的MDI)。这些高官能度多异氰酸酯的总量应不超过所使用的异氰酸酯的5重量%。
多异氰酸酯组分(a)优选以多异氰酸酯预聚物的形式使用。这些多异氰酸酯预聚物可通过使上述类型的多异氰酸酯(a-1)例如在30至100℃、优选在约80℃下与多元醇(a-2)反应制得。
多元醇(a-2)为本领域技术人员已知且记载于例如“Kunststoffhandbuch”,第7卷,Polyurethane,Carl Hanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第3.1章。优选使用在b)下描述的聚酯多元醇作为多元醇(a-2)。
在异氰酸酯预聚物的制备中,向上述聚酯多元醇中任选地加入常规扩链剂或交联剂。此类物质在f)下描述。
多元醇(b)包括聚酯多元醇。作为聚酯多元醇,使用具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢原子的聚酯多元醇。聚酯多元醇优选具有大于450g/mol、特别优选>500至<6000g/mol且特别是600至3500g/mol的数均分子量。
聚酯多元醇可由下述物质制备,例如:具有2至12个碳原子的有机二羧酸、优选具有2至10个碳原子且特别优选具有4至6个碳原子的脂族二羧酸;和多羟基醇,优选具有2至12个碳原子、优选2至6个碳原子的二元醇制备。可能的二羧酸为,例如:琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸。二羧酸可单独使用或以彼此之间的混合物使用。除了游离的二羧酸之外,还可能使用相应的二羧酸衍生物如具有1至4个碳原子的醇的二羧酸酯或二羧酸酐。优选使用重量比为例如20-35:35-50:20-32的琥珀酸、戊二酸和己二酸的二羧酸混合物且特别是己二酸。二羟基和多羟基醇(特别是二醇)的实例为:乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇或1,3-丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷。优选使用乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇和1,6-己二醇。还可使用衍生自内酯如ε-己内酯或羟基羧酸如ω-羟基己酸的聚酯多元醇。
为了制备聚酯多元醇,在没有催化剂或优选在酯化催化剂的存在下,将有机(例如芳族且优选脂族)多元羧酸和/或衍生物与多羟基醇进行缩聚,有利地是在惰性气体(例如氮气、一氧化碳、氦气、氩气等)气氛下、在150至250℃(优选180至220℃)的熔融温度下、任选地在减压下缩聚至所需酸值,其优选小于10、特别优选小于2。在一个优选的实施方案中,在大气压下以及随后在小于500毫巴、优选为50至150毫巴的压力下,酯化混合物在上述温度下缩聚至酸值为80至30、优选为40至30。可能的酯化催化剂为,例如以金属、金属氧化物或金属盐形式的铁、镉、钴、铅、锌、锑、镁、钛和锡催化剂。然而,在稀释剂和/或共沸剂如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯的存在下,缩聚还可在液相中进行以共沸蒸馏除去缩合水。为了制备聚酯多元醇,有机多元羧酸和/或衍生物与多羟基醇可有利地以1:1-1.8、优选1:1.05-1.2的摩尔比进行缩聚。
所得到的聚酯多元醇优选具有的官能度为2至4、特别是2至3;且数均分子量为480g/mol至3000g/mol、优选1000g/mol至3000g/mol。
其他合适的聚酯多元醇为聚合物改性的聚酯多元醇、优选接枝聚酯多元醇。所述聚酯多元醇为通常具有含量为5至60重量%、优选10至55重量%、特别优选15至50重量%且特别是20至40重量%的优选热塑性聚合物的聚合物聚酯多元醇。这些聚合物聚酯多元醇记载于例如WO 05/098763和EP-A-250351中且通常通过以作为接枝基底的聚酯多元醇的合适的烯键式单体(例如苯乙烯、丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸和/或丙烯酰胺)的自由基聚合反应而制备。侧链通常是通过由增长的聚合物链的游离的自由基转移至聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇而形成。除了接枝共聚物外,所述聚合物聚酯多元醇主要包括分散于未改变的聚酯多元醇中的烯烃均聚物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,使用丙烯腈、苯乙烯、优选丙烯腈和苯乙烯作为单体。所述单体在其他单体、大分子单体(即不饱和的自由基可聚合多元醇)、慢化剂(moderator)的存在下,通过使用自由基引发剂(通常为偶氮或过氧化物)以聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇作为连续相任选地聚合。该方法记载于例如DE 111 394、US 3 304 273、US 3 383 351、US 3523 093、DE 1 152 536和DE 1 152 537中。
在自由基聚合反应期间,大分子单体被同时引入到共聚物链上。这样形成具有聚酯嵌段和聚(丙烯腈-苯乙烯)嵌段的嵌段共聚物,其位于连续相和充当相相容剂且抑制聚合物聚酯多元醇颗粒团聚的分散相的界面。大分子单体的比例通常为1-20重量%,基于用于制备聚合物多元醇的单体的总重量计。
如果包括聚合物多元醇,则优选同时存在其他聚酯多元醇。聚合物多元醇的比例特别优选大于5重量%,基于组分(b)的总重量计。可包含的聚合物聚酯多元醇的量例如为7-90重量%或11至80重量%,基于组分(b)的总重量计。
除聚酯多元醇之外,数均分子量大于500g/mol的其他多元醇(例如聚醚多元醇)也可被用作多元醇(b)。然而,在这种情况下,其他多元醇的比例优选小于40重量%,特别优选小于20重量%,非常特别优选小于10重量%且特别是0重量%,基于聚酯多元醇和其他多元醇的总重量计。
此外,在聚氨酯泡沫模制品的生产中存在发泡剂c)。这些发泡剂c)可包括水。除水之外,通常已知以化学和/或物理作用的化合物可额外地用作发泡剂c)。就本发明而言,化学发泡剂为与异氰酸酯反应形成气体产物的化合物,例如水或甲酸。物理发泡剂为在用于聚氨酯生产的原料中溶解或乳化且在聚氨酯形成的条件下蒸发的化合物。所述化合物为例如烃类、卤代烃和其他化合物,例如全氟烷烃(如全氟己烷)、氯氟化碳和醚、酯、酮、缩醛或其混合物,例如具有4至8个碳原子的(环)脂族烃或氟化烃如购自于Solvay Fluorides LLC的365mfc。在一个优选实施方案中,包含这些发泡剂中的至少一种和水的混合物被用作发泡剂且特别是水被用作唯一的发泡剂。如果没有使用水作为发泡剂,则优选仅使用物理发泡剂。
在一个优选的实施方案中,水含量为0.1至2重量%、优选0.2至1.5重量%、特别优选0.3至1.2重量%,基于组分a)至h)的总重量计。
在另一优选实施方案中,向组分a)至h)的反应中加入作为附加发泡剂的包含物理发泡剂的中空微球。中空微球还可与上述发泡剂以混合物的形式使用。
中空微球通常包含热塑性聚合物的壳并用液体(基于烷烃的低沸点物)填充芯。所述中空微球的制备方法记载于例如US 3 615 972中。中空微球通常具有5至50μm的直径。合适的中空微球的实例可以商品名购自Akzo Nobel而获得。
通常以基于b)、c)和d)的总重量计的0.5至5重量%的量加入所述中空微球。
作为扩链剂和/交联剂d),使用分子量优选小于450g/mol、特别优选60至400g/mol的物质与具有2个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的扩链剂和具有3个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的交联剂。其可优选单独使用或以混合物形式使用。优选使用分子量为400以下、特别优选60至300且特别是60至150的二醇和/或三醇。可能的醇为,例如具有2至14、优选2至10个碳原子的脂族、脂环族和/或芳脂族二醇,例如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-二羟基环己烷、1,3-二羟基环己烷、1,4-二羟基环己烷、二乙二醇、二丙二醇和1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和双(2-羟乙基)对苯二酚、三醇(如1,2,4-三羟基环己烷、1,3,5-三羟基环己烷)、丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷和基于环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷的低分子量的含羟基的聚环氧烷以及作为起始分子的上述二醇和/或三醇。特别优选使用单乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、丙三醇或其混合物作为扩链剂(d)。
如果使用扩链剂、交联剂或其混合物,则其有利地以1至60重量%、优选1.5至50重量%且特别是2至40重量%的量使用,基于组分b)和d)的总重量计。
作为用于生产聚氨酯泡沫的催化剂,优选使用强烈促进多元醇(b)和任选的扩链剂以及交联剂(d)与有机的、任选改性的多异氰酸酯(a)反应的化合物。所述催化剂包括胺催化剂。可提及的胺催化剂为,例如:脒,如2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶;叔胺,如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基己二胺、五甲基乙二烯三胺、双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷且优选1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷和烷醇胺化合物(如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-乙基二乙醇胺和二甲基乙醇胺)。优选使用三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(也被称为三亚乙基二胺)、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)及其混合物作为胺催化剂。特别地,1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷被用作胺催化剂。
除胺催化剂之外,还可使用其他催化活性化合物如有机金属化合物、优选有机锡化合物,例如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锌(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II)以及有机羧酸的二烃基锡(IV)盐如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡;以及铋羧酸盐,例如新癸酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋和辛酸铋;或其混合物作为催化剂。优选仅使用胺催化剂。
优选使用0.001至5重量%、特别是0.05至2重量%的催化剂或催化剂结合物,基于组分(b)的重量计。
作为离子液体(f),可单独地或以任意混合物的形式使用记载于WO 2007/090755中的所有离子液体。就本发明而言,离子液体优选具有基于以下芳族杂环的阳离子:如吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、咪唑、吡唑、二氢化吡唑、咪唑、噻唑、唑、吡咯烷和咪唑酮。本发明所使用的离子液体特别选具有选自以下的阳离子:1,2,3-三甲基咪唑、1,3,4,5-四甲基咪唑、1,3,4-二甲基咪唑、1,3,4-三甲基咪唑、1,3-二丁基-2-甲基咪唑、1,3-二丁基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1,3-二甲基咪唑、1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑、1-丁基-2-乙基-5-甲基咪唑、1-丁基-2-乙基咪唑、1-丁基-2-甲基咪唑、1-丁基-3,4,5-三甲基咪唑、1-丁基-3,4-二甲基咪唑、1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、1-丁基-4-甲基咪唑、1-丁基咪唑、1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑、1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、1-十六烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑、1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑、1-己基-2,3-二甲基咪唑、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑、1-甲基-2-乙基咪唑、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑、1-苯丙基-3-甲基咪唑、1-丙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑、1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑、2,3-二甲基咪唑、2-乙基-3,4-二甲基咪唑、3,4-二甲基咪唑、1,2-二甲基吡啶、胍、六甲基胍、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-N”-乙基胍、N-五甲基-N-异丙基胍、N-五甲基-N-丙基胍、苄基三苯基磷、四丁基磷、三己基(十四烷基)磷和三异丁基(甲基)磷。
离子液体的典型阴离子为乙酸根、双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)亚膦酸根、双(丙二酸)硼酸根、双(草酸)硼酸根、双(五氟乙基)亚膦酸根、双(phtalato)硼酸根、双(水杨酸根合)硼酸根、双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚氨酸根、双(三氟甲基)亚氨酸根、硼酸根、溴离子、溴化铝离子(bromoaluminate)、碳酸根、氯化铝离子(chloroaluminate)、癸基苯磺酸根、二氯铜酸根、二氰胺离子、二癸基苯磺酸根、十二烷基苯磺酸根、二乙基磷酸根、磷酸二氢根、十二烷基苯磺酸根、乙基硫酸根、乙基磺酸根、氟离子、六氟磷酸根、碳酸氢根、磷酸氢根、硫酸氢根、亚硫酸氢根、碘离子、甲基硫酸根、甲磺酸根、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、磷酸根、亚硫酸根、四氰基硼酸根、四氟硼酸根、四(硫酸氢根合)硼酸根、四(甲磺酸)硼酸根、硫氰酸根、甲苯磺酸根、三氯锌酸根、三氟乙酸根、三氟甲磺酸根、三(七氟丙基)三氟磷酸根、三(九氟丁基)三氟磷酸根、三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸根、三(五氟乙基磺酰基)三氟磷酸根。
特别优选的阴离子为六氟磷酸根、四氟硼酸根、硫氰酸根和二氰胺离子、乙基硫酸根、二乙基磷酸根、甲基硫酸根、溴离子、碘离子、对甲苯磺酸根和甲磺酸根,特别是基于乙基磺酸根、硫氰酸根或二氰胺离子。
就本发明而言,特别优选使用氯化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、甲磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、甲磺酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、甲基硫酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、二乙基磷酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、二氰胺1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、乙酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、乙酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、硫氰酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、硫氰酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、四氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、三氟甲磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、三氟甲磺酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺、六氟磷酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、溴化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、对甲苯磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑以及二氰胺1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、二甲基磷酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、对甲苯磺酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑和六氟磷酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑作为离子液体。
就本发明而言,进一步优选使用甲磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、二氰胺1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、硫氰酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑作为离子液体。
就本发明而言,非常特别优选使用乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、二氰胺1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、硫氰酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑作为离子液体。特别地,使用乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑或二氰胺1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑作为离子液体。
离子液体(f)优选以0.1至5.0重量%、优选0.3至3.5重量%且特别是0.4至3.0重量%的量使用,基于组分(b)至(h)的总重量计。在此,对于本发明重要的是离子液体(f)与胺催化剂(e)的摩尔比为0.1:1至3.0:1、优选0.25:1至2.5:1且特别优选0.5:1至2.0:1。
作为碳化二亚胺(g),使用通式Z-N=C=N-Z的化合物,其中Z为有机基团且碳化二亚胺基团-N=C=N的氮原子与叔碳原子或芳族体系的碳原子结合,在与C-N键相邻的芳族体系的环位置上的碳原子带有通过仲碳原子和/或叔碳原子键结至芳族体系的基团。合适的基团Z的实例为叔丁基、异丙基和由大体积基团取代的芳基。
已发现有利的是使用在2和6位置被取代基(如大体积基团)取代的苯基,其中取代基依次为大体积基团如叔丁基或优选异丙基。
在一个优选实施方案中,具有通式(1)的化合物被用作空间受阻的碳化二亚胺(b),
其中R1为异丙基或异丁基或其混合物且R2至R3各自为氢原子或有机基团。在式1中,R2优选为氢原子。
在式1中,R3优选为氢原子或1-甲基-1-苯乙基基团、苯氧基基团或叔丁基基团。
在式1中,R1特别优选为异丙基基团。
在一个优选实施方案中,通式(2)的化合物被用作空间受阻的碳化二亚胺(b),
其中基团R1为相同或不同且各自为有机基团,优选氢原子,
基团R2为相同或不同且各自为烷基基团,优选甲基基团,以及
基团R3为相同或不同且各自为氢原子、烷基基团或选自-NCO、-NHCONHR4、-NHCONR4R5和-NHCOOR6基团,其中R4和R5为相同或不同且各自为烷基、环烷基或芳烷基基团以及R6为R4或烷氧基聚氧亚烷基基团以及
n为0至10的整数。
就本发明而言,市售的脲酮亚胺-或碳化二亚胺改性的多异氰酸酯(如可以例如在商品名MM103下获得)不包括在上述通式Z-N=C=N-Z的化合物中。
所述碳化二亚胺用于例如改进水解性能。所述碳化二亚胺为已知的且以商品名Elastostab H01或Stabaxol I市售。
还可向用于生产聚氨酯泡沫的反应混合物中任选地加入助剂和/或添加剂(h)。可提及的助剂和/或添加剂(h)为例如脱模剂、填料、染料、颜料、水解抑制剂、吸收异味物质和抑制真菌和/或抑制细菌的物质。
作为合适的脱模剂,可提及的为例如:脂肪酸酯与多异氰酸酯的反应产物、含有氨基的聚硅氧烷和脂肪酸的盐、具有至少8个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的(环)脂族羧酸与叔胺的盐,以及特别是内脱模剂如由褐煤酸和至少一种具有至少10个碳原子的脂族羧酸的混合物借助于以下物质的酯化或酰胺化反应制备的羧酸酯和/或酰胺:如公开于例如EP 153639中的分子量为60至400g/mol的至少双官能的烷醇胺、多元醇和/或多胺;如公开于DE-A-3 607 447中的有机胺、硬脂酸的金属盐和有机一元羧酸和/或二元羧酸或其酸酐的混合物;或公开于例如US 4 764 537中的亚氨化合物、羧酸金属盐和任选的羧酸的混合物。本发明的反应混合物优选不包括任何其他脱模剂。
就本发明而言,本身已知的填料(特别是增强填料)为常规的有机和无机填料、增强材料、增重剂、涂布剂等。具体实例为:无机填料,例如硅质矿物,例如页硅酸盐如叶蛇纹石(antigorite)、膨润土、蛇纹石、角闪石(hornblendes)、amphibols、纤维蛇纹石(chrysotile)和滑石;金属氧化物,例如高岭土、铝氧化物、钛氧化物、锌氧化物和铁氧化物;金属盐,例如白垩和重晶石;以及无机颜料,例如硫化镉、硫化锌以及玻璃等。优选使用高岭土(瓷土)和硅酸铝以及硫酸钡与硅酸铝的共沉淀物。可能的有机填料为,例如:炭黑、三聚氰胺、树脂、环戊二烯基树脂和接枝聚合物以及纤维素纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚氨酯纤维和基于芳族和/或脂族二羧酸酯的聚酯纤维以及特别是碳纤维。
有机填料和无机填料可单独使用或作为混合物使用且有利地以基于组分a)至h)的重量计的0.5至50重量%、优选1至40重量%的量加入至反应混合物中。
作为水解抑制剂,可使用常规水解抑制剂如环氧化物和噁唑烷。
在本发明的方法中,起始组分(a)至(h)彼此以多异氰酸酯(a)的NCO基与组分(b)、(c)和(d)的活性氢原子之和的当量比为1:0.8至1:1.25、优选1:0.9至1:1.15进行混合。在此,比例1:1相当于指数为100的异氰酸酯。就本发明而言,异氰酸酯指数为异氰酸酯基团与对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的化学当量比乘以100。
为了生产本发明的浇注聚氨酯树脂,浇注聚氨酯树脂体系的组分优选在30至90℃、特别优选40至80℃、更优选45至70℃且特别是在50至60℃的温度下混合。然后使混合物优选在模具中固化以得到浇注聚氨酯树脂。模具温度通常为0至130℃、优选60至120℃且特别优选80至110℃。各组分的混合通常在低压机中进行。在从模具中移出后的成品浇注聚氨酯树脂可在例如50至120℃、优选60至110℃以及特别是80至100℃的高温下通常进行进一步热处理10至24小时以进一步改进机械性能。在此,用于生产浇注聚氨酯树脂的反应混合物基本上不包括发泡剂(c)。“基本上无发泡剂”意指没有加入额外的发泡剂。然而,由于其生产方法,多元醇可包含例如少量的水。具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的化合物优选包括干燥剂如分子筛以避免组分中的水积累并因此使聚氨酯发泡。
本发明的浇注聚氨酯树脂优选用作工业或农业应用中的工程零件如滚筒或辊或用作矿业中的工程零件如筛。
本发明的聚氨酯泡沫模制品优选通过在有利地热的闭模中使用低压或高压技术的一步法(one-shot)生产。模具通常由金属例如铝或钢制成。所述加工技术记载于例如Piechota和的“lntegralschaumstoff”,Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich,Vienna,1975,或“Kunststoff-handbuch”,第7卷,Polyurethane,第3版,1993,第7章中。
为此,将起始组分(a)至(h)优选在15至90℃、特别优选25至55℃的温度下混合,并且任选地在大气压下将反应混合物引入至模具中。混合可借助于搅拌器或螺旋搅拌器机械地进行或在高压下以逆流注射法进行。有利的模具温度为20至160℃、优选30至120℃、特别优选30至60℃。就本发明而言,组分(a)至(h)的混合物在基于异氰酸酯基团计的反应转化率小于90%时被称为反应混合物。
选择引入至模具中的反应混合物量应使得获得的模制品(特别是整体泡沫)的密度优选为150g/L至850g/L、更优选180g/L至750g/L、特别优选200g/L至700g/L且特别是200g/L至650g/L。用于生产本发明的整体聚氨酯泡沫的密实度的范围为1.1至8.5、优选1.6至7.0。
本发明的聚氨酯泡沫模制品优选用作鞋底料且特别优选用作(穿透)鞋底,例如便鞋(street shoes)、运动鞋、凉鞋和靴子。此外,本发明的聚氨酯泡沫可用于车辆内饰,例如在汽车中作为方向盘、弹性头垫或变速杆或作为座椅扶手。其他可能的用途为作为座椅扶手或作为摩托车座垫。浇注聚氨酯树脂可用作例如鞋子外底或密封圈。特别地,本发明的聚氨酯模制品可用作鞋底,例如用于安全鞋的鞋底。其可为致密鞋底或泡沫鞋底,特别是整体聚氨酯泡沫。
下文将借助于实施例对本发明进行说明。
所使用的起始物料:
多元醇1:基于己二酸、二乙二醇和三乙二醇且OH值为56mg KOH/g的聚酯多元醇
多元醇2:基于己二酸、1,4-丁二醇和单乙二醇且OH值为56mg KOH/g的聚酯多元醇
催化剂:溶于单乙二醇的33浓度%的三亚乙基二胺(N203)
KV:单乙二醇
稳定剂1:购自Air Products的泡沫稳定剂Dabco DC 193
稳定剂2:泡沫稳定剂Tegostab B 8443
HS:购自BASF Polyurethanes GmbH的Elastostab对应于通式2的碳化二亚胺
IL:乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑
ISO:购自BASF Polyurethanes GmbH的ISO 187/3;基于4,4’-MDI、碳化二亚胺改性的MDI和NCO含量为16.2%的聚酯多元醇的异氰酸酯预聚物
FRD:自由发泡密度;自由膨胀后的泡沫密度
FTD:模制品的密度
根据下表制备本发明的对比实施例和实施例的制剂。泡沫聚氨酯模制品的加工使用温度为约45℃的多元醇混合物和异氰酸酯在低压机EMB F20上进行。密实材料借助于购自DESMA的低压机进行加工。
多元醇与异氰酸酯组分的最佳混合比借助于渗透试验(其为鞋业行业中的现有技术)测定。在测定最佳混合比之后,将相应的混合物引入至模具中以生产测试板。
在温度和湿度的标准条件下,使材料在进行力学表征之前适应至少2天。在此,根据DIN 53504测量拉伸强度。为了测定水解性能,将根据DIN 53504制备的试样在70℃和95%的相对大气湿度下存储并在水解老化7、14和21天(ZF 7d HL、ZF 14d HL和ZF21d HL)之后测试样品的拉伸强度。
如由对比实施例C1、C3至C7可以看出,胺催化剂与离子液体的摩尔比的变化不会导致水解性能的任何改进。由实施例C2和C8可以看出,使用碳化二亚胺水解抑制剂(H01)导致水解性能有所改进。在B1中令人惊讶地发现,特定摩尔比的胺催化剂和离子液体与基于碳化二亚胺的水解抑制剂相结合导致水解稳定性显著改进。
在以下实施例中证明了离子液体与胺催化剂的摩尔比的影响。以与上述试验相同的方法进行加工。
实施例C9和E2至E5示出,特别地,在离子液体和胺催化剂的摩尔比为约1:1时水解稳定性具有最大值。此外,实施例示出离子液体与胺催化剂的摩尔比在0.1:1至3.0:1的范围内变化导致水解稳定性的改进。该效果不仅在泡沫弹性体的情况下观察到而且在致密弹性体的情况下也观察到。这将在以下实施例中证明。在此,示出的水量相当于因制备方法导致的多元醇组分中所含的基于多元醇、扩链剂、催化剂、离子液体和水解稳定剂的总重量计的约0.048重量份的水的水量。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于生产聚氨酯模制品的方法,其中将
a)有机多异氰酸酯与
b)含聚酯多元醇的多元醇、
c)任选的发泡剂、
d)扩链剂和/或交联剂、
e)胺催化剂、
f)离子液体、
g)通式Z-N=C=N-Z的碳化二亚胺,其中Z为有机基团且碳化二亚胺基团-N=C=N的氮原子与叔碳原子或芳族体系的碳原子结合,在与C-N键相邻的芳族体系的环位置上的碳原子带有通过仲碳原子和/或叔碳原子键合至芳族体系的有机基团,以及任选的
h)其他助剂和/或添加剂
混合以形成反应混合物,将该混合物引入至模具中并使其反应以形成聚氨酯模制品,其中离子液体与胺催化剂的摩尔比为0.1:1至3.0:1。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中通式(1)的化合物被用作碳化二亚胺(g),
其中R1为异丙基或异丁基且R2和R3各自为氢原子或有机基团。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中通式(2)的化合物被用作碳化二亚胺(g),
其中基团R1为相同或不同且各自为有机基团或氢原子,
基团R2为相同或不同且各自为烷基基团,以及
基团R3为相同或不同且各自为氢原子、烷基基团或选自-NCO、-NHCONHR4、-NHCONR4R5和-NHCOOR6基团,其中R4和R5为相同或不同且各自为烷基、环烷基或芳烷基基团且R6为R4或烷氧聚氧亚烷基基团以及
n为0至10的整数。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中基团R2为甲基。
5.权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其中碳化二亚胺具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团。
6.权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其中碳化二亚胺为具有2至10个碳化二亚胺基团的低聚碳化二亚胺。
7.权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其中碳化二亚胺具有通过环氧烷烃的聚合得到的聚醚基团。
8.权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其中胺催化剂选自三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯DBU及这些叔胺的混合物。
9.权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其中离子液体选自氯化11-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、甲磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、甲磺酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、甲基硫酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、二乙基磷酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、二氰胺1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、乙酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、乙酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、硫氰酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、硫氰酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、四氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、三氟甲磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、三氟甲磺酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、六氟磷酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、溴化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、对甲苯磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑以及二氰胺1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、二甲基磷酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、对甲苯磺酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑和六氟磷酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑及其混合物。
10.权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其中包含的离子液体的量为0.3至3.5重量%,基于组分(b)至(h)的总重量计。
11.权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其中组分(b)中的聚酯多元醇是通过具有4至10个碳原子的二羧酸与至少一种双官能和/或三官能醇缩合得到的聚酯。
12.一种根据权利要求1至11中任一项制得的聚氨酯模制品。
13.权利要求12的聚氨酯模制品,其中所述聚氨酯模制品为具有150g/L至850g/L的密度的整体聚氨酯泡沫。
14.权利要求12的聚氨酯模制品,其中所述聚氨酯模制品为具有>850g/L至1400g/L的密度的致密聚氨酯弹性体。
15.权利要求13的聚氨酯模制品作为鞋底的用途。
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EP12198027.0A EP2746309A1 (de) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Hydrolysebeständige Polyurethanformkörper aus Polyesterpolyurethan |
EP12198027.0 | 2012-12-19 | ||
PCT/EP2013/075878 WO2014095438A1 (de) | 2012-12-19 | 2013-12-09 | Hydrolysebeständige polyurethanformkörper aus polyesterpolyurethan |
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EP3357960A4 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2019-05-29 | Nisshinbo Chemical Inc. | RESIN ADDITIVE, AND MASTER MIXTURE AND RESIN COMPOSITION USING THE SAME |
DE102016120855A1 (de) | 2016-11-02 | 2018-05-03 | FORMTEC PUR-Verarbeitungs-GmbH | Leichtgewicht-Integralschaumteil aus PUR und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
CN107417880A (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-12-01 | 昆山海鑫精密五金电子有限公司 | 一种浇注型聚氨酯密封圈的生产工艺 |
KR102164253B1 (ko) | 2017-10-18 | 2020-10-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 그래프트 공중합체 복합체의 제조방법, 그래프트 공중합체 복합체 및 이를 포함하는 열가소성 수지 조성물 |
CN111019085A (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-04-17 | 苏州纤创智造新材料科技有限公司 | 抗静电热塑性聚氨酯及其制备方法 |
CN111057204B (zh) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江尚和防水科技有限公司 | 一种改性水性聚氨酯及其制备方法和应用 |
US11028217B1 (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2021-06-08 | Biocellection Inc. | Thermoplastic polyurethane compositions comprising nitro-substituted polyester diols |
US11111334B1 (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-07 | Biocellection Inc. | Polymerizable compositions comprising nitro substituted polyester diols |
CN111808266A (zh) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-23 | 湖南省普瑞达内装材料有限公司 | 一种具有阻燃性能的聚氨酯泡棉及其制备方法 |
CN114605953B (zh) * | 2022-01-27 | 2024-04-23 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯密封胶 |
EP4282890A1 (de) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-11-29 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Herstellung von polyurethanschaum unter verwendung von ionischen flüssigkeiten |
EP4282892A1 (de) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-11-29 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Herstellung von polyurethanschaum unter verwendung von katalysatoren auf basis ionischer flüssigkeiten |
WO2024100018A1 (en) | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-16 | Basf Se | Bonding of parts to an article and separating the article for recycling |
CN118406222B (zh) * | 2024-07-03 | 2024-09-24 | 上海联景高分子材料有限公司 | 一种生物基聚酯多元醇及其制备方法、应用 |
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WO2014095438A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
CN105283481A (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
EP2935388A1 (de) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2746309A1 (de) | 2014-06-25 |
BR112015014616B1 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
EP2935388B1 (de) | 2017-02-22 |
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