CN105246669A - 紧固结构 - Google Patents

紧固结构 Download PDF

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CN105246669A
CN105246669A CN201480024113.3A CN201480024113A CN105246669A CN 105246669 A CN105246669 A CN 105246669A CN 201480024113 A CN201480024113 A CN 201480024113A CN 105246669 A CN105246669 A CN 105246669A
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resin component
fastening
hole
parts
fastening structure
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CN105246669B (zh
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小川训司
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
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    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
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    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
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    • B29C65/7829—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
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    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
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    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428—Transition metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/74283—Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
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Abstract

一种紧固结构(10)，包括：树脂部件(14)，该树脂部件包含树脂材料，并且具有安装用通孔(14H)，该安装用通孔具有锥状内壁面(14T)；紧固用部件(16)，该紧固用部件由金属制成，并且具有套管部(16C)和凸缘部(16F)，套管部(16C)插入安装用通孔(14H)内并且其中间部具有抵接锥状内壁面(14T)的锥状外壁面(16T)，凸缘部(16F)在套管部(16C)的大直径侧处的端部(16Z)处沿着树脂部件(14)的正面突出；和粘合剂(18)，该粘合剂设置在树脂部件的正面(14A)与凸缘部(16F)之间，并且粘合树脂部件(14)与紧固用部件(16)。

Description

紧固结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种紧固结构。
背景技术
在日本专利申请公开(JP-A)No.2008-215465中公开了一种用于车辆的紧固部结构。在该用于车辆的紧固部结构中，由纤维和树脂的复合材料形成的车体骨架部件经由金属制成的阶状垫圈紧固于被紧固部件。阶状垫圈具有成型为短筒状的凸台部，并且在该凸台部的轴向上的一端侧处，具有带有增大的直径的凸缘部。凸台部插入到形成在车体骨架部件中的沉孔内。凸台部与凸缘部之间的区域和车体骨架部件通过粘合剂粘合。
另一方面，在JP-ANo.2009-204159中公开了一种用于车辆的部件紧固结构。在该用于车辆的部件紧固结构中，在被紧固部件与由FRP制成的车体骨架部件的紧固中使用了由金属制成的凸缘套管螺母。凸缘套管螺母具有：套管部，其贯通车体骨架部件的通孔；和凸缘部，其从该套管部的一端侧突出。套管部压嵌到通孔内。在凸缘部与车体骨架部件之间设置粘合剂。从而将凸缘套管螺母安装于车体骨架部件。
发明内容
技术问题
在JP-ANo.2008-215465中公开的用于车辆的紧固部结构中，经由形成在凸台部与沉孔之间的粘合剂输入从阶状垫圈到车体骨架部件的表面方向载荷。因为粘合剂的弹性模量比阶状垫圈的弹性模量低，所以阶状垫圈与车体骨架部件的连接区域处的刚性降低。而且，因为由于随着时间恶化或由于热而在树脂基粘合剂处产生蠕变，所以连接区域的刚性也由于这一点而降低。
此外，在JP-ANo.2009-204159中公开的用于车辆的部件紧固结构中，套管部压嵌到通孔内。因此，通孔与套管部的连接区域的刚性比在JP-ANo.2008-215465中公开的用于车辆的紧固部结构中改善得多。然而，存在这样的可能性：在压嵌套管部时，将在车体骨架部件的通孔的周围处产生诸如破裂等这样的损坏。
因此，对于树脂部件与金属部件的连接区域处的刚性和对树脂部件的损坏存在改善的余地。
考虑到上述情况，本发明提供了一种紧固结构，该紧固结构能够确保包含树脂材料的树脂部件与由金属制成的紧固用部件的连接区域处的刚性，并且能够有效地抑制或防止在制造时对树脂部件的损坏。
解决问题的方案
根据本发明的第一方面的紧固结构包括：树脂部件，该树脂部件包含树脂材料并且具有安装用通孔，所述安装用通孔具有直径从所述树脂部件的正面朝着背面减小的锥状内壁面；紧固用部件，该紧固用部件由金属制成，并且具有套管部和凸缘部，所述套管部插入到所述安装用通孔内，并且其中间部具有抵接所述锥状内壁面的锥状外壁面，所述凸缘部在所述套管部的大直径侧的端部处沿着所述树脂部件的正面突出；和粘合剂，该粘合剂设置在所述树脂部件的正面与所述凸缘部之间，并且将所述树脂部件与所述紧固用部件粘合在一起。
在根据本发明的第一方面的紧固结构中，由金属制成的紧固用部件的套管部插入包含树脂材料的树脂部件的安装用通孔中。粘合剂设置在树脂部件的正面与凸缘部之间，并且树脂部件通过该粘合剂粘合到紧固用部件。
这里，安装用通孔由直径从树脂部件的正面朝着背面减小的锥状内壁面形成。套管部的中间部由抵接锥状内壁面的锥状外壁面形成。因此，锥状内壁面与锥状外壁面的抵接区域是连接区域，并且树脂部件与紧固用部件在不压嵌的情况下在该连接区域处直接连接。
在根据本发明的第二方面的紧固结构中，在本发明的第一方面中，所述套管部的小直径侧处的端部可以比所述树脂部件的背面更加突出。
依照根据本发明的第二方面的紧固结构，套管部的小直径侧处的端部比树脂部件的背面更加突出。因此，紧固载荷不作用于树脂部件和粘合剂。
在根据本发明的第三方面的紧固结构中，在本发明的第一或第二方面中，所述安装用通孔可以包括：锥状孔，其具有所述锥状内壁面，并且从所述树脂部件的正面朝着所述背面形成；和通孔，其连接到所述锥状孔的小直径侧，并且贯通到所述树脂部件的背面，并且其内壁面是筒状面。
依照根据本发明的第三方面的紧固结构，树脂部件的安装用通孔可以连接具有锥状内壁面的锥状孔与内壁面是筒状面的通孔。能够通过成型树脂部件而容易地形成锥状孔。在成型时，如果使得能够在不形成通孔的情况下将树脂材料填充到该区域内，则能够有效地抑制或防止在树脂部件处产生焊接线。另外，与锥状孔比较，能够通过例如机械加工容易地形成通孔。
发明的有益效果
根据本发明的第一方面的紧固结构具有能够确保树脂部件和由金属制成的紧固用部件之间的连接区域处的刚性、并且能够有效地抑制或防止在制造时对树脂部件的损坏的良好效果。
根据本发明的第二方面的紧固结构具有以下良好效果：因为紧固载荷不作用于树脂部件和粘合剂，所以能够有效地抑制或防止树脂部件和粘合剂中的由于蠕变或随着时间变化而引起的紧固力减小的良好效果。
根据本发明的第三方面的紧固结构具有能够在树脂部件中容易地形成安装用通孔、同时有效地消除安装用通孔的周部处的不良位置的良好效果。
附图说明
图1是根据第一实施例的紧固结构的主要部分的截面图。
图2是示出在紧固作业中的涂覆步骤结束之后的状态的紧固结构的过程截面图。
图3是图2所示的紧固结构的过程透视图。
图4A是应用于根据第一变形例的紧固结构的被紧固部件的成型加工之后的主要部分的截面图。
图4B是应用于根据第一变形例的紧固结构的被紧固部件的通孔形成之后的主要部分的截面图。
图5A是应用于根据第二变形例的紧固结构的被紧固部件的成型加工之后的主要部分的截面图。
图5B是应用于根据第二变形例的紧固结构的被紧固部件的通孔形成之后的主要部分的截面图。
图6A是示出根据第三变形例的紧固结构的周边位置的主要部分的截面图。
图6B是对应于图6A的主要部分的截面图，并且示出根据第三变形例的紧固结构的其它示例。
图6C是对应于图6A的主要部分的截面图，并且示出根据第三变形例的紧固结构的又一其它示例。
图7是根据第二实施例的紧固结构的主要部分的截面图。
具体实施方式
[第一实施例]
将通过使用图1至图6来描述根据本发明的第一实施例的紧固结构。注意，为了方便说明，将在图中适当地示出的由箭头U表示的侧作为上侧、并且由箭头L表示的侧作为下侧的情况下进行描述。然而，将紧固结构应用于汽车等的车体的方向不限于此。
(紧固结构的构成)
如图1所示，在诸如汽车等的车辆的紧固结构10中，包含树脂材料的树脂部件14安装于由金属制成的紧固用部件16，并且由金属制成的被紧固部件12与紧固用部件16通过紧固工具20紧固并且固定。在该实施例中，被紧固部件12是例如由金属制成的车体骨架部件，并且树脂部件14是例如发动机罩、门面板、或后门面板的树脂铰接部。换句话说，根据本实施例的紧固结构10是将由不同类型的材料形成的部件紧固在一起的结构。注意，具体材料不限于上述示例。
被紧固部件12由包含例如钢铁材料、铝材、铝合金材料等的金属板形成。在紧固位置处从正面12A贯通到背面12B的第一紧固用通孔12H设置在被紧固部件12中。该第一紧固用通孔12H形成为沿着与为了方便而示出的中心轴C重合的轴向具有筒状面的通孔。这里，当在平面图中观看时，该第一紧固用通孔12H的开口形状是圆形，但是不特别限于该形状。例如，开口形状可以是椭圆形、矩形、长孔状等。此外，虽然被紧固部件12在这里是板状，但是其可以是例如块状。
例如，树脂部件14由用作利用树脂强化碳纤维的复合材料的碳纤维强化塑料(CFRP)材料、或用作利用树脂强化玻璃纤维的复合材料的玻璃纤维强化塑料(GFRP)材料等形成。此外，将玻璃纤维灌注到结合不饱和聚酯树脂与诸如碳酸钙等这样的填料的复合物内的片状成型复合物(SMC)材料能够用作树脂部件14。这些塑料材料可以是单层板、或者可以是将塑料材料层叠成多层并且利用树脂强化的多层板。此外，树脂部件14可以是例如块状。直径从正面14A朝着背面14B减小的安装用通孔14H形成在树脂部件14中。该安装用通孔14H的中心与第一紧固用通孔12H的中心重合(中心轴C重合)。因为安装用通孔14H的直径减小，所以安装用通孔14H的内壁是锥状内壁面14T。这里，锥状的角度不受特别限制，但是优选地，将锥状内壁面14T设定在例如相对于中心轴C大于或等于30°并且小于或等于60°的角度范围内。在使树脂部件14的背面14B与被紧固部件12的正面12A彼此面对的情况下，将树脂部件14安置成面对被紧固部件12。
紧固用部件16是插入到树脂部件14的安装用通孔14H内的凸缘套管。更详细地说明，紧固用部件16具有套管部16C和凸缘部16F，并且此外，第二紧固用通孔16H形成在套管部16C中。使套管部16C的小直径侧(与箭头L方向一致)处的端部16X的一端面(背面)16B抵接被紧固部件12的正面12A。端部16X的一端面16B比树脂部件14的背面14B朝着被紧固部件12侧更加突出，并且抵接被紧固部件12的正面12A。因此，在被紧固部件12与树脂部件14之间形成间隙S1。为了使一端面16B与正面12A彼此抵接，将一端面16B的外径设定为在平面图中观看时比第一紧固用通孔12H的内径大。套管部16C的中间部16Y具有锥状外壁面16T，该外壁面16T抵接并且压嵌到安装用通孔14H的锥状内壁面14T。凸缘部16F与作为套管部16C的大直径侧的端部16Z一体地设置，并且具有沿着树脂部件16的另一端面(正面)16A从套管部16C突出的形状。即，当在平面图中观看时，将凸缘部16F的外径设定为比安装用通孔14H的大直径侧处的内径大。使第二紧固用通孔16H与第一紧固用通孔12H和安装用通孔14H的中心重合，并且使第二紧固用通孔16H在竖直(上下)方向上从一端面16B到另一端面16A贯通套管部16C。该第二紧固用通孔16H由沿着与中心轴C重合的轴向具有筒状面的通孔形成。该紧固用部件16形成为包含例如钢铁材料、铝材、铝合金材料等的金属块。
在该实施例中，粘合剂18设置在紧固用部件16的凸缘部16F与面对该凸缘部16F的树脂部件14的正面14A之间。树脂部件14通过该粘合剂18粘合并且固定于紧固用部件16。此时，紧固用部件16的套管部16C插入到树脂部件14的安装用通孔14H内，并且套管部16C的锥状外壁面16T与安装用通孔14H的锥状内壁面14T处于彼此抵接的状态。粘合剂18是树脂粘合剂，并且不特别限于该示例，并且可以由例如热固性环氧粘合剂形成。因为粘合剂18是树脂粘合剂，所以粘合剂18的弹性模量比紧固用部件16或被紧固部件12的弹性模量低。
在本实施例中，紧固工具20具有螺栓22和螺母24。螺栓22具有：螺纹部(阳螺纹部)22A，其设置成贯通第一紧固用通孔12H和第二紧固用通孔16H；和螺栓头22B，其设置在螺纹部22A的紧固用部件16侧的一端处、从而抵接紧固用部件16的另一端面16A。螺母24具有与螺纹部22A螺合在一起的未示出的螺纹部(阴螺纹部)。紧固用部件16和被紧固部件12插置在螺母24与螺栓头22B之间，并且螺母24抵接被紧固部件12的背面12A。由于螺母24的螺纹部与螺纹部22A螺合在一起，所以紧固载荷沿着中心轴C作用在被紧固部件12和紧固用部件16上。
(本实施例的作用和效果)
在根据本实施例的紧固结构10中，如图1所示，由金属制成的紧固用部件16插入到包含树脂材料的树脂部件14的安装用通孔14H内。然后，被紧固部件12和紧固用部件16通过紧固工具20紧固并且固定。
这里，安装用通孔14H由直径从树脂部件14的正面14A朝着背面14B减小的锥状内壁面14T形成，并且套管部16C的中间部由抵接锥状内壁面14T的锥状外壁面16T形成。因此，锥状内壁面14T与锥状外壁面16T的抵接区域是连接区域，并且树脂部件14与紧固用部件16在该连接区域处直接连接。在该连接区域处，平面方向载荷F(参见图1)在紧固用部件16与树脂部件14之间直接传递。另外，因为粘合剂18设置在树脂部件14的正面14A与凸缘部16F之间，所以树脂部件14通过该粘合剂18粘合到紧固用部件16。而且，紧固用部件16的套管部16C插入树脂部件14的安装用通孔14H中，并且套管部16C的锥状外壁面16T抵接安装用通孔14H的锥状内壁面14T。因此，因为套管部16C不压嵌到安装用通孔14H内，所以在安装用通孔14H的周围处不产生伴随着压嵌到树脂部件14内而出现的破裂。此外，在树脂部件14由层叠复合材料的层叠体形成的情况下，不产生伴随着压嵌到树脂部件14内而出现的层之间的分离。
因此，依照根据本实施例的紧固结构10，能够提高树脂部件14与紧固用部件16的连接区域处的刚性，并且能够有效地抑制或防止对树脂部件14的损坏。
此外，在根据本实施例的紧固结构10中，套管部16C的端部16X比树脂部件14的背面14B朝着被紧固部件12侧更加突出，并且抵接被紧固部件12。紧固载荷能够作用于端部16X与被紧固部件12之间。因此，由紧固工具20施加的紧固载荷不作用于树脂部件14和粘合剂18。
因此，依照根据本实施例的紧固结构10，因为紧固载荷不作用于树脂部件14和粘合剂18，所以能够有效地抑制或防止树脂部件14和粘合剂18的由于随着时间的变化或蠕变而引起的紧固力的减小。
而且，在根据本实施例的紧固结构10中，树脂部件14的安装用通孔14H与紧固用部件16的套管部16C在锥状内壁面14T和锥状外壁面16T处彼此紧密接触，并且不形成间隙。因此，不需要在锥状内壁面14T与锥状外壁面16T之间设置粘合剂18。从而，与在JP-ANo.2008-215465中公开的用于车辆的紧固部结构相比，在紧固结构10中，能够减小粘合剂18的涂覆面积。这里，如图2和3所示，通过紧固作业中的涂覆步骤将粘合剂18以非硬化状态涂覆在安装用通孔14H周围的树脂部件14的正面14A上。在该涂覆过程中，仅将粘合剂18二维地涂覆在树脂部件14的正面14A上。因此，与将粘合剂涂覆在正面14A以及安装用通孔14H的内壁上的三维涂覆相比，操作简单并且能够在短时间内执行。通过手动作业来执行三维涂覆。因此，在本实施例的紧固作业中，将自动粘合剂涂覆设备引入涂覆粘合剂18的步骤是可能的，并且涂覆工作的自动化是可能的。由此，在根据本实施例的紧固结构10中，能够提高涂覆粘合剂18的步骤中的可操作性。此外，依照根据本实施例的紧固结构10，如果使得粘合剂18涂覆在安装用通孔14H的周围的树脂部件14的正面14A上，则涂覆操作简化，并且通过使用自动粘合剂涂覆设备来涂覆粘合剂18的操作变得可能。因此，能够提高涂覆步骤中的可操作性。
此外，在根据本实施例的紧固结构10中，将粘合剂18涂覆在面对紧固用部件16的凸缘部16F的树脂部件14的正面14A上。在由于锥状内壁面14T和锥状外壁面16的加工中的分散(dispersion)而在树脂部件14的相对于紧固用部件16的中心轴C方向上的位置产生分散的情况下，根据树脂部件14的位置的分散来调节粘合剂18的厚度。换句话说，根据紧固用部件16的凸缘部16F与树脂部件14的正面14A之间的间隔S2(参见图1)中的分散来调节粘合剂18的厚度。
(第一变形例)
通过紧固结构10中的树脂部件14的适当变形例的制造方法来描述第一实施例的第一变形例和第二变形例。注意，在第一变形例以及此后描述的变形例和第二实施例中，利用相同的参考标号来表示与根据第一实施例的紧固结构10中的构成元件相同或等同的构成元件，并且将由于重复而省略由相同的参考标号表示的构成元件的描述。
图4A和4B是说明树脂部件14的制造方法的每个步骤的过程截面图。首先，如图4A所示，在形成安装用通孔14H的区域处，树脂部件14从正面14A朝着背面14B形成在中心轴方向C上的一部分处，该树脂部件14为板状并且具有截面是倒梯形锥状孔(停止孔)的凹部14h。锥状内壁面14T形成在凹部14h的内壁处。通过使用未示出的成型模具形成该树脂部件14，在该成型模具处，通过将成型材料注入到该成型模具内的注入成型或SMC成型将对应于凹部14h的突出部设置在腔体内。。
接着，如图4B所示，从凹部14h的底面，即，锥状孔的小直径侧朝着背面14B贯通并且内壁面是筒状面的通孔14S形成在成型的树脂部件14中。由此，通孔14S和具有锥状内壁面14T的凹部14h沿着中心轴C方向连接的安装用通孔14H形成在该树脂部件14中。通过例如钻加工、冲压加工、激光加工等来形成通孔14S。
在根据第一变形例的紧固结构10中，树脂部件14的安装用通孔14H接合具有锥状内壁面14T的锥状孔(凹部14h)与内壁面是筒状面的通孔14S。能够通过成型树脂部件14而容易地形成锥状孔。在成型时，如果能够使得在不形成通孔14S的情况下将树脂材料填充到锥状孔的区域内，则树脂材料在成型模具内的锥状孔的区域堵塞并且分流，并且在不再次合流的情况下填充到整个区域内。因此，能够有效地抑制或防止在树脂部件14处产生焊接线。另外，与锥状孔相比，能够通过例如机械加工容易地形成通孔14S。
因此，依照根据第一变形例的紧固结构10，在树脂部件14处，能够容易地形成安装用通孔14H，同时有效地消除伴随着安装用通孔14H的周部的成型加工而产生的不良位置。
(第二变形例)
图5A和5B是说明树脂部件14的另一制造方法的每个步骤的过程截面图。首先，如图5A所示，形成树脂部件14，该树脂部件14是板状并且具有凸部14p和凹部14h(锥状孔)，凸部14p截面成型为倒梯形且在形成安装用通孔14H的区域处从背面14B突出，凹部14h截面成型为倒梯形并且在凸部14p的内部处凹入。锥状内壁面14T以与第一变形例的凹部14h相同的方式形成在凹部14h的内壁处。此外，以与第一变形例的树脂部件14相同的方式，通过使用成型模具成型而形成树脂部件14。
接着，如图5B所示，内壁面是筒状面并且从凹部14h的底面朝着作为凸部14p的顶面的背面14B贯通的通孔14S形成在成型的树脂部件14中。由此，连接通孔14S与凹部14h处的安装用通孔14H形成在树脂部件14中。
在根据第二变形例的紧固结构10中，能够实现与根据第一变形例的紧固结构10实现的作用和效果相似的作用和效果。
(第三变形例)
在根据上述的第一实施例的紧固结构10中，在除了紧固位置之外的位置，间隙S1也设置在被紧固部件12与树脂部件14之间。第三变形例描述了适当地维持间隙S1的示例。
在图6A所示的紧固结构10中，在除了紧固位置之外的位置处，间隔部件30设置在被紧固部件12的正面12A与树脂部件14的背面14B之间。间隔部件30通过例如粘合材料粘合到正面12A和背面14B中的至少一个面。
在图6B所示的紧固结构10中，在除了紧固位置之外的位置处，设置了间隔部32，间隔部32从树脂部件14的背面14B朝着被紧固部件12的正面12A突出并且抵接正面12A。间隔部32与树脂部件14一体地形成。
在图6C所示的紧固结构10中，在除了紧固位置之外的位置，设置了间隔部34，间隔部34从被紧固部件12的正面12A朝着树脂部件14的背面14B突出并且抵接背面14B。间隔部34与被紧固部件12一体地形成。
依照根据第三变形例的紧固结构10，同样在除了紧固位置之外的位置处，能够通过间隔部件30、间隔部32或间隔部34适当地维持被紧固部件12与树脂部件14之间的间隔S1。
[第二实施例]
将通过使用图7来描述根据本发明的第二实施例的紧固结构。第二实施例是根据第一实施例的紧固结构10的应用例，并且对具有包含树脂材料的多个被紧固部件的紧固结构进行说明。
(紧固结构的结构)
如图7所示，在根据第二实施例的紧固结构10中，包含树脂材料的树脂部件14安装于由金属制成的紧固用部件16，并且相似地，包含树脂材料的树脂部件40安装于由金属制成的紧固用部件42，并且紧固用部件14与紧固用部件42通过固定工具20紧固并且固定。树脂部件14、紧固用部件16和紧固工具20的各自的结构与第一实施例中的树脂部件14、紧固用部件16和紧固工具20的结构相同。
树脂部件40与树脂部件14具有相同的结构，并且与树脂部件14相比，树脂部件40上下方向逆向地安置。具有直径从背面40B朝着正面40A减小的锥状内壁面40T的安装用通孔40H形成在该树脂部件40中。紧固用部件42与紧固用部件16具有相同的结构，并且与紧固用部件16相比，紧固用部件42上下方向逆向地安置。紧固用部件42具有套管部42C和凸缘部42F，并且第三紧固用通孔42H形成在套管部42C中。套管部42C的端部42X的一端面42B抵接套管部16C的一端面16B。锥状外壁面42T形成在套管部42C的中间部42Y处，并且凸缘部42F设置在端部42Z处。粘合剂44与粘合剂18相同。
(本实施例的作用和效果)
根据本实施例的紧固结构10能够实现与根据上述的第一实施例的紧固结构10所实现的作用和效果相似的作用和效果。
[上述实施例的补充描述]
本发明不限于上述实施例，并且能够在不背离本发明的主旨的范围内以各种方式进行修改。例如，根据该实施例的紧固结构不限于例示为上述树脂部件的铰接部，并且还能够应用于固定由树脂制成的诸如发动机罩等的外部件或者由树脂制成的诸如仪表面板等的内部件的情况。此外，在根据第二实施例的紧固结构中，由金属制成的被紧固部件可以插置在紧固用上下部件之间，并且紧固载荷可以作用于紧固用上下部件和被紧固部件。
2013年10月30日提交的日本专利申请公开No.2013-225815的全部内容通过引用并入此处。在该说明书中提到的所有公开、专利申请和技术标准通过参考并入此处到这样的程度：如同通过引用具体地并且独立地并入各个独立的公开、专利申请或技术标准。

Claims (3)

1.一种紧固结构，包括：
树脂部件，该树脂部件包含树脂材料并且具有安装用通孔，所述安装用通孔具有直径从所述树脂部件的正面朝着背面减小的锥状内壁面；
紧固用部件，该紧固用部件由金属制成，并且具有：套管部，其插入到所述安装用通孔内，并且其中间部具有抵接所述锥状内壁面的锥状外壁面；和凸缘部，其在所述套管部的大直径侧的端部处沿着所述树脂部件的正面突出；和
粘合剂，该粘合剂设置在所述树脂部件的正面与所述凸缘部之间，并且将所述树脂部件与所述紧固用部件粘合在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紧固结构，其中，所述套管部的小直径侧处的端部比所述树脂部件的背面更加突出。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的紧固结构，其中，所述安装用通孔包括：锥状孔，其具有所述锥状内壁面，并且从所述树脂部件的正面朝着所述背面形成；和通孔，其连接到所述锥状孔的小直径侧，并且贯通到所述树脂部件的背面，并且其内壁面是筒状面。
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