CN105218243A - A kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease - Google Patents
A kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN105218243A CN105218243A CN201510681865.3A CN201510681865A CN105218243A CN 105218243 A CN105218243 A CN 105218243A CN 201510681865 A CN201510681865 A CN 201510681865A CN 105218243 A CN105218243 A CN 105218243A
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, comprise the following steps: spray high density foliage fertilizer later rest in spring, first time in blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer, blade ripening stage second time sprays high density foliage fertilizer.The present invention slowly grows or the dormant stage at fruit tree leafs such as fruit tree later rest in spring, blade ripening stage and senescence phases, sprays the high density foliage fertilizer of different ingredients, the generation of control fruit tree little leaf disease.Adopt the inventive method, prevent and treat little leaf disease successful, the orchard little leaf disease incidence < 1% after spraying; In control saltings, fruit tree little leaf disease effect is obvious especially.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Fruit tree little leaf disease is the physiological disease caused owing to lacking zinc element, main harm young sprout and blade, and young sprout internode is short at the initial stage of a disease, and top tip leaflet is grown thickly or baldness, and easily caducous, not easily Cheng Huanan bears fruit, and yields poorly or does not have.The organic substance that when fruit tree lacks zinc, photosynthesis is formed can not run well, and causes leaf chlorosis, growth retardation, affects output and fruit quality.It is general, especially obvious especially with saltings that sand ground, alkaline soil, barren ground and hillside orchard lack zinc.The method that present stage prevents and treats little leaf disease mainly contains several mode:
(1) soil application, namely ditches at fruit tree plant pit periphery or deep-cuts fertilising.Soil application needs a large amount of manpower to carry out ditching, applying fertilizer, and time-consumingly to take a lot of work and rate of fertilizer application is large, and investment is large; Root Absorption is slow, and weak effect, especially easily runs off at sand ground zinc element, and in alkaline soil, be easily converted into can not solvent for zinc, and the element that zinc is subject to phosphorus, potassium etc. in soil antagonism with it suppresses, and is unfavorable for that fruit tree Root Absorption utilizes.
(2) foliage fertilization, namely at fruit tree foliage-spray foliage fertilizer.Spray the effective way that foliage fertilizer is strong tree, disease-resistant, high yield, and method is simple, with fertile economical, successful, but because the human-subject test of peasant is not high, the foliage fertilizer of different concns can not be used according to zinc nutrition needed for fruit tree Different growth phases, fertilizer is caused not play one's part to the full, generally spray lower concentration foliage fertilizer, blade absorbed dose is limited, does not have good effect.
The method of existing control fruit tree little leaf disease has following defect: (1) little leaf disease sickness rate is higher; (2) efficiency is low, takes effect slow; (3) fruit tree leaves area is less, yields poorly, and commodity fruit rate is low; (4) with blindly fertile, there is fertilizer damage; (5) method is complicated, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above deficiency, a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer be provided and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, realize following goal of the invention:
(1) sickness rate of fruit tree little leaf disease is reduced;
(2) efficiency of control fruit tree little leaf disease is improved;
(3) increase the leaf area of fruit tree, improve output of the fruit tree, improve commodity fruit rate;
(4) situation blindly using foliage fertilizer in traditional method is improved;
(5) fertilizer damage is reduced;
(6) simplify the operation, reduce costs.
For achieving the above object, by the following technical solutions:
A kind of control fruit tree little leaf disease efficient application method, is slowly grow or the dormant stage at fruit tree leafs such as fruit tree later rest in spring, blade ripening stage and senescence phases, sprays the high density foliage fertilizer of different ingredients, the generation of control fruit tree little leaf disease; It is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) high density foliage fertilizer is sprayed later rest in spring
Before fruit tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed solution that total concn is 3-6%, the chelated iron that formula is the urea of 1-4%, the chelated zinc of 1-4% or complexing zinc, 0.3-1.2% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days;
(2) first time in blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Stop growing to before bud sprouts again at fruit tree leaf, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed solution that total concn is 0.5-2%, the chelated iron that formula is 0.3-1% urea, 0.5-1% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.1-0.5% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days;
(3) the blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer for the second time
Before again sprouting to bud after fruit tree second time young sprout stops length, spray the foliage fertilizer mixed solution that total concn is 0.5-2%, the chelated iron of 0.3-1% urea, 0.5-1% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.1-0.5% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.5-5, continuous spraying 1-2 time, interval is 7-10 days;
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before defoliation of fruit trees, spraying 4-8% foliage fertilizer mixed solution, fill a prescription as the chelated iron of 1-4% urea, 1-4% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.4-2% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value, continuous spraying 2-3 time, interval time is 7-10 days.
Inner complex in foliage fertilizer in above steps, complex compound are mainly edetate, amino acid salts, Citrate trianion etc.
The spreader-sticker added in foliage fertilizer mixed solution in above steps, for Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, modification gather trisiloxanes for the organosilicon agricultural surfactant that main component is composite and come, new high fat film pulvis etc.
Spreader-sticker can increase the area coverage of foliage fertilizer on blade, can improve the adhesive ability of foliage fertilizer on blade and resistance to erosion ability, prevent fertilizer from assembling in a large number at a certain position simultaneously.
The time spraying foliage fertilizer in above steps will avoid fine day and temperature higher time at noon, generally before fine day 10:00 in the morning and after afternoon 5:00 or the cloudy day; Spray at the mature leaf back side, young tender leaf face can not spray high concentration fertilizer.
Fruit tree is when rudiment, young leaflet tablet and a large amount of consumption of tissue store nutrition, and root system has just recovered receptivity, absorbs liquid manure indifferent, the nutrition needed for the growth of young sprout young tender leaf cannot be met, therefore spray the zinc element that foliage fertilizer supplements needed for fruit tree growth before rudiment very necessary.
Fruit tree young sprout stops long, after blade maturation, blade improves the tolerance of higher concentration foliage fertilizer, and now root system also enters slow vegetative period along with overground part stops progress, absorbing power declines, and now spraying foliage fertilizer can provide blade and its hetero-organization to regrow required zinc element.
Spray foliage fertilizer before fallen leaves and can increase tree body stored nutrient, for growth in the coming year is laid a solid foundation.
The formula of the foliage fertilizer that the inventive method adopts comprises urea, spreader-sticker and adjustment ph value, significantly can increase the absorption of zinc.
Current fruit tree little leaf disease mainly occurs in varieties in saline-alkali areas, and method of the present invention proves, to the particular significant effect of the fruit tree little leaf disease on control saltings, little leaf disease disease not to occur substantially through test.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt the inventive method, prevent and treat little leaf disease successful, the orchard little leaf disease incidence < 1% after spraying; In control saltings, fruit tree little leaf disease effect is obvious especially.
(2) adopt the inventive method, it is high to prevent and treat little leaf disease efficiency; Spray rear 3-7 days to take effect; Invention increases the concentration spraying foliage fertilizer, assimilated efficiency improves greatly, and usually spraying foliage fertilizer concentration is less than 0.5, and blade specific absorption is extremely low, is difficult to see positive effect; Under usual cognition, fruit tree sprays high density foliage fertilizer and can cause serious injury to tree body, and it is worthless for therefore spraying high density foliage fertilizer, and the present invention has broken this restriction.
(3) adopt the inventive method, fruit tree leaves area increases more than 30%, and average strain output increases by more than 20%, and commodity fruit rate improves more than 15%.
(4) adopt the inventive method, change the blindness that tradition uses foliage fertilizer, and save labor, in the present invention, Foliar Spraying number of times is few, sprays the time targeted; The present invention is four different growing stages in fruit tree, and the zine ion preparation compound zinc fertilizer needed for fruit tree, before changing, orchard worker blindly uses the situation of foliage fertilizer.
(5) adopt the inventive method, occur without fertilizer damage; Key of the present invention is also, the time of spraying is to senescence phase after dormant stage of fruit tree or blade maturation; Use high density foliage fertilizer, usual blade of easily burning, cause fertilizer damage, at dormant stage of fruit tree spray liquid leaven, can not come to harm through overtesting rear blade, blade maturation sprays foliage fertilizer up to senescence phase, and blade resistance to corrosion strengthens, can not to burn because of suitable high density blade, to cause fertilizer damage; Blade Mature Leaf is grown completely, and pore is many and large, and absorption foliage fertilizer efficiency is high, than tender leaf assimilated efficiency height 50-200%.
(6) adding a small amount of iron (consumption is generally the 1/10-1/3 of zinc) in formula of the present invention to interact with zinc, to preventing and treating little leaf disease tool synergy, raising the efficiency, and avoid single salt murder by poisoning phenomenon occurs.
(7) the inventive method is simple, and with fertile economical, raw materials low price, peasant generally can accept, and is easy to spread.
Embodiment
the supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer of embodiment 1 one kinds and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease
2008, in test base, development area, strand, Weifang City, raw red fuji apple 50 strain in 6 years is selected to test according to this implementation method, if two process:
1, the inventive method is adopted to prevent and treat little leaf disease:
(1) high density foliage fertilizer is sprayed later rest in spring
Before apple tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray containing 1% urea, 2% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) zinc, 0.5% EDTA-Fe, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, and continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days.
(2) first time in blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Long latter 30 days are stopped at Apple Leaves, spray containing 0.4% urea, 0.5% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) zinc, 0.2% EDTA-Fe, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, and spray 2 times continuously, interval is 8 days.
(3) the blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer for the second time
After apple tree second time young sprout stops length, spray containing 0.4% urea, 0.5% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) zinc, 0.2% EDTA-Fe, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 5, and continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days.
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before apple tree fallen leaves, spray containing 1% urea, 2.5% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) zinc, 0.5% EDTA-Fe, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, be 5 by citric acid adjustment ph value, continuous spraying 3 times, interval is 9 days.
2, traditional method is adopted to prevent and treat yellowtop (control treatment):
Before germinateing early spring, on apple tree trunk, limb, spraying concentration is the zinc sulfate of 0.25%, sprays second time again, drip on a small quantity be advisable when spraying with leaf after 10 days.
experimental result is:
Use method of the present invention, Disease of Apple Trees occurs very light, little leaf disease sickness rate < 1%;
Use traditional method, Disease of Apple Trees occurs serious, and little leaf disease sickness rate is 6%;
Compare with traditional method, after using the present invention, apple leaf area increases 41.6%, and average strain output increases by 28%, and commodity fruit rate improves 19.3%.
the supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer of embodiment 2 one kinds and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease
2008, in test base, development area, strand, Weifang City, the strain of seed selection 5 years life ' Xia Dan ' peach 60, tested according to the present invention program, if two process:
1, the inventive method is adopted to prevent and treat little leaf disease:
(1) high density foliage fertilizer is sprayed later rest in spring
Before peach dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray containing 1% urea, 1.8% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.6% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.6, and continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 7 days.
(2) first time in blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Long latter 30 days are stopped at peach blade, spray containing 0.3% urea, 0.6% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.2% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.6, and spray 2 times continuously, interval is 7 days;
(3) the blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer for the second time
After peach second time young sprout stops length, spray containing 0.3% urea, 0.6% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.2% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, adjusting ph value with citric acid is 4.6, continuous spraying 2 times, and interval is 7 days;
(4) the leaf senile phase sprays high density foliage fertilizer
Before peach fallen leaves, spray containing 2% urea, 2.5% zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.5% iron-amino acid chelate, 0.01% the foliage fertilizer mixed solution of Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, be 4.6 by citric acid adjustment ph value, continuous spraying 2 times, interval is 8 days.
2, traditional method is adopted to prevent and treat little leaf disease (control treatment):
Before germinateing early spring, on peach trunk, limb, spraying concentration is the zinc sulfate of 0.3%, sprays second time again, drip on a small quantity be advisable when spraying with leaf after 10 days.
experimental result is:
Use method of the present invention, peach little leaf disease sickness rate is < 1%;
Use traditional method, peach little leaf disease occurs comparatively serious, and little leaf disease sickness rate is 8%;
Compare with traditional method, after using the present invention, peach leaves area increases 34.3%, and average strain output increases by 25.1%, and commodity fruit rate improves 16.7%.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: spray high density foliage fertilizer later rest in spring, first time in blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer, blade ripening stage second time sprays high density foliage fertilizer.
2. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 1 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, it is characterized in that: described later rest in spring sprays high density foliage fertilizer: before fruit tree dormancy in spring terminates the rudiment of tree body, spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: the chelated iron of the urea of 1-4%, the chelated zinc of 1-4% or complexing zinc, 0.3-1.2% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
3. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 1 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, it is characterized in that: described first time in blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer: stop growing to before bud is sprouted again at fruit tree leaf and spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: the chelated iron of 0.3-1% urea, 0.5-1% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.1-0.5% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
4. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 1 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, it is characterized in that: described blade ripening stage second time sprays high density foliage fertilizer: before again sprouting to bud after fruit tree second time young sprout stops length, spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: the chelated iron of 0.3-1% urea, 0.5-1% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.1-0.5% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
5. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 1 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, it is characterized in that: described method also comprises the leaf senile phase and sprays high density foliage fertilizer: before defoliation of fruit trees, spray foliage fertilizer, the formula of the foliage fertilizer adopted is: the chelated iron of 1-4% urea, 1-4% chelated zinc or complexing zinc, 0.4-2% or Complexing Iron, 0.01-0.05% spreader-sticker, is 4.5-5 by citric acid adjustment ph value.
6. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 2-5 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, is characterized in that: the inner complex in described foliage fertilizer, complex compound comprise edetate, amino acid salts, Citrate trianion.
7. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 2-5 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, is characterized in that: the spreader-sticker in described foliage fertilizer is organosilicon agricultural surfactant or new high fat film pulvis.
8. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 7 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, is characterized in that: described organosilicon agricultural surfactant or new high fat film pulvis are: the compound that composition comprises Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, modification gathers trisiloxanes.
9. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 1 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, it is characterized in that: the spraying of foliage fertilizer in described method: before fine day 10:00 in the morning, after afternoon 5:00 or the cloudy day time spray, spray at the mature leaf back side.
10. a kind of supplementary fruit tree zinc fertilizer according to claim 1 and prevent and treat the method for little leaf disease, is characterized in that:
Described later rest in spring sprays high density foliage fertilizer: the foliage fertilizer total concn sprayed is 3-6%, continuous spraying 1-2 time, and interval is 7-10 days;
Described first time in blade ripening stage sprays high density foliage fertilizer: the foliage fertilizer total concn sprayed is 0.5-2%, continuous spraying 1-2 time, and interval is 7-10 days;
Described blade ripening stage second time sprays high density foliage fertilizer: the foliage fertilizer total concn sprayed is 0.5-2%, continuous spraying 1-2 time, and interval is 7-10 days;
The described leaf senile phase sprays high density foliage fertilizer: the foliage fertilizer total concn sprayed is 4-8%, continuous spraying 2-3 time, and interval time is 7-10 days.
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CN105875345A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-24 | 云南同邦农业开发有限公司 | Cultivation method for prompting grape dormancy in advance |
CN109265226A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-01-25 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing selenium fertilizer and its application method |
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CN109265226A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-01-25 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing selenium fertilizer and its application method |
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