CN106034917A - Method for cultivating and managing honey murcott and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests - Google Patents

Method for cultivating and managing honey murcott and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106034917A
CN106034917A CN201610396404.6A CN201610396404A CN106034917A CN 106034917 A CN106034917 A CN 106034917A CN 201610396404 A CN201610396404 A CN 201610396404A CN 106034917 A CN106034917 A CN 106034917A
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fruit
paddy
cyclopentadienyl
chachiensis hort
soil
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刘光淮
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Yongchun Province Fujian Province Rich Fruit Co Ltd
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Yongchun Province Fujian Province Rich Fruit Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating and managing honey murcott and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests. The method comprises the following steps of S1, establishing a garden; S2, performing pruning and trimming; S3, performing fruit thinning; S4, performing fertilizer culturing management including S41, soil management, S42, fertilizing amount of citrus, S43, a fertilizing period, S44, a fertilizer distribution rate, and S45 trace elements; S5, preventing fruit cracking; and S6, preventing and treating diseases and insect pests. Through the adoption of the method for cultivating and managing the honey murcott and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests provided by the invention, the yield and the quality of the honey murcott can be effectively improved.

Description

A kind of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management and pest control method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management and pest control method.
Background technology
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is evergreen dungarunga, grows moderate, and tree-shaped is plexi, the upright trend of shoot elongation, and side shoot is many and sagging, Trunk smooths;Leaf alternate, blade is middle-size and small-size, wealthy lanceolar, leaf margin crenation, and blade face, blade back smooth keratin, blade face strong green, Blade back light green color.Blooming in 3 months, the florescence is long, spends medium and small shape, white, has fragranced, for entomophilous flower, self-compatibility.Next year 1 Month last ten-days period~late Febuary are ripe, and fruit is solid, oblate type, really base and fruit top flat, really footpath about 7~8cm, the highest about 5~ 6cm, fruit weighs about 200~300 g, and carpopodium is little, and peel glimmer is sliding, orange-yellow, is less susceptible to peeling.Sarcocarp soft and succulency, deeply orange Color, pol is 11~15Brix or higher, and acidity 0.6~1.0% is with rich flavor, storage tolerance.The short triangle of seed and little and Many, average 12~20.Plant often has the tendency alternated bear, and fruit often fruit at shoot apex, causes fruit and easily causes wind Scar and day burn disease.Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. causes a large amount of shedding after good year often easy shedding, especially dehiscent fruit.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is for belonging to the most frigolabile kind in wide skin Citrus chachiensis Hort. and cenospecies thereof, and the annual mean temperature of its optimum growth is 20 About DEG C, though temperature condition by freeze injury, and will have again enough high temperature to be available for growth, but manage the most with middle part weather Think.The relatively low area of annual mean temperature then fruit shape is less than normal, and the area that annual mean temperature is higher, then growth is very fast, and peel is relatively thin and easy Dehiscent fruit, its fruit firmness is the softest, and really color is orange-yellow, and the soil moisture its N fertilizer effect high is high, then near fruit carpopodium again Colour poor.In the area that cools that annual mean temperature is about 20 DEG C, and day and night the temperature difference is relatively big, then period of maturation coloring is preferably, Yu Chong It is orange red for being divided into ripe fruit in season color, and the most solid quality of sarcocarp is ideal.Milpa soil should be organic rich in a large amount, row Water needs good and soil appropriateness to moisten, and without the excessive environment of Drought-wet change, then can avoid the generation of a large amount of dehiscent fruit and shedding.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is good with acid Fructus Citri tangerinae anvil affinity, and after grafting, juvenile stage growth is relatively slow, though result initial stage fruit shape is less than normal, but When the age of tree reaches that life is above 10 years, result is stable and quality is good.Grafting Guangdong Fructus Citri Limoniae anvil affinity is also good, and plant strain growth is relatively Vigorous, though fruit is relatively big but oil vacuole is relatively thick, and coloring and quality the most undesirable.Height is connected to barrel Citrus chachiensis Hort. and orange, and growth is also good, high Connecing the age of tree and grow when 3~5 years raw the best, it is unsuitable excessive that height connects the age of tree, in order to avoid causing height to connect disease, so that plant is raw because of branch top Length is bad and decays.Height should not stay fruit on the the 1st~2 year after connecing, in order to avoid branch fracture after causing result, should be removed fruit, to promote Branch strengthens tree crown.Height connects rear initial stage result in 3~5 years, and really shape is less than normal and size is uneven, inferior quality, and its year after next will be raw the biggest Quality is the best.
For improving cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. quality, increase orchard worker's income, improve the competitiveness in market, it is necessary to carry out No-harmful apple orchard, add Strong pest and disease damage and the preventing and treating of Peptic Ulcers, improve cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation technique.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect overcoming prior art, it is provided that a kind of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management and disease Pest control method.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides following technical scheme:
One cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management of the present invention and pest control method, it comprises the following steps:
S1, Jian Yuan: select sunny, soil property is fertile, moistening and draining is good, neutral or subalkaline loam or sandy loam, By distance between rows and hills 3m × 2m, 111 strain/667 square metre or distance between rows and hills 2.5m × 2m, the field planting specification of 133 strain/667 square metre opens cave, Often spread manuer in holes into carbamide 1-2kg, Testa Tritici 1-2kg, egg shell powder 0.5-1kg, analysis for soybean powder 300-400g, magnesium sulfate 20-30g, boron Acid 30-40g, brown sugar 40-50g, Folium Ricini 500-600g and modified agricultural crop straw 2-3kg make base manure;
S2, branch-finishing and pruning:
For avoiding spike result, should strengthen summer implementing cutting back pruning work;Pruning is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning;Tree vigo(u)r Use time more weak to shorten and prune, to reduce tree crown and to stimulate branch to sprout, to cultivate root mass recovery tree vigo(u)r;
S3, fruit thinning:
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. fruit thinning suitable morning, as the number of fruit thinning amount, the growth potential of plant should be made slightly larger than to stay fruit load capacity to be advisable, also Even if plant is after fruit thinning, can pumping a small amount of summer, autumn growth be still its equilibrium point, in order to avoid affect tree vigo(u)r, enable the big grain of production and The fruit of high-quality, and constant rate of production;
S4, fertile training management:
S41, soil management:
Orchard ground and soil internal drainage want good, i.e. after heavy rain can not hydrops, soil thickness, can not more than 50 centimeters With the presence of impermeable stratum, the soil texture is preferred to matter loam with loam;Soil organic matter content more than 3%, soil pH value Between 5.5~6.5, soil conductivity degree does not has salt damage at below 2ms;
S42, Citrus dose: cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. dose reference Citrus fertilizing systems amount, but owing to cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is pole high yield kind, therefore Fertile training management should be strengthened, to prevent plant the weakest, especially at nitrogenous fertilizer and the amount of application of potash fertilizer, want than general Citrus fertilising three Element recommended amounts drinks to increase by 20~about 50%;
S43, fertilizing time: fertilizing time divides that base manure, summer are fertile, the autumn fertile, totally 4~5 times;Summer, autumn fertilizer respectively apply fertilizer in two times, and at rain After use.
S44, fertilizer apportionment ratio:
Organic manure application rate is depending on the age of tree, and life in average 3~5 years, every strain 20~30 kilograms, life in 5~10 years, every strain 30~50 is public Jin, more than life in 10 years, every strain 50~100 kilograms;
S45, trace elements:
Zinc sulfate 40~80 kilogram/hectare, manganese sulfate 200~400 kilogram/hectare, ferrous sulfate 50~60 is added when base manure During kilogram/hectare is manured into soil in the lump;
S5, the preventing of dehiscent fruit:
(1) plant: selecting annual mean temperature is about 20 DEG C, the climatic environment plantation relatively cooled suitablely, sending out of dehiscent fruit can be reduced Raw;
(2) orchard draining is strengthened: the orchard that draining is good should be selected, gutter and high bedding cultivation are set, can when rainy season rains Discharge rapidly excessive rainfall, to prevent plant from absorbing too much moisture, and reduce dehiscent fruit;
(3) irrigating facility is set: at fruit growth period, when rainwater deficiency soil is excessively dried, should appropriateness implement to irrigate, with Keep appropriateness damp soil, prevent soil dry-wet change excessive, to reduce dehiscent fruit;Irrigation water should be reduced again before fruit maturation Amount, in addition to can improving fruit pol, also can reduce dehiscent fruit;
(4) strengthen fertilising to control: full dose phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer and the nitrogen of about 30%, potash fertilizer in deep placement mode when gift is fertile, in gathering After use, the nitrogen of the most about 70%, potash fertilizer divide 3~4 inferior to young fruit period to middle fruit phase, use in the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields;
(5) summer pruning is strengthened: plant is when summer, the branch of excessive growth as a large amount of in pumping in autumn, then branch of excessive growth pumping the more dehiscent fruit amount is more Greatly;
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Common Diseases mainly has shot hole, Peptic Ulcers, anthrax, yellow twig;Insect mainly have demodicid mite class, a red-spotted lizard class, Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, Aphid, leaf miner, prevent and treat according to a conventional method.
Further, in step S1, also including cultivating tree crown: strong branch top, only stay 3-4, common branch top stays 2- The strong bud of 3 different directions.
Further, in step S2, excessive weak plant preferably row light pruning, and compounding application volume high-carbon fertilizer improvement soil Earth, and the thinnest should execute chemical fertilizer, so that recovering tree vigo(u)r.
Further, in step S3, for avoiding yielding positive results too much, should strengthen utilizing winter pruning, wipe out oversize or mistake Many bearing basal shoots, to reduce the too much amount of yielding positive results, can reduce fruit thinning workload the most relatively.
Further, in step S45, if boron lacks, add in base manure with per hectare 5~10 kilograms of Boraxs, or in children Fruit to the middle fruit phase is diluted to 400~500 times with water-soluble boron element and sprays it, but can not spray, with preventing poison year after year.
Further, in step S6, the cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. florescence is March, and the florescence is longer nearly about 1 month, and flower thrips endangers More general Citrus are serious, affect fruit appearance, can drink to increase by 1~2 spray medicine preventing and treating in the florescence, to reduce peel appearance cicatrix Fruit.
Further, in step S6, at the beginning of 4 months fruit after, during fruit growth, should strengthen prevent and treat shell insects, red spider Spider and rust Ticks harm.
Further, in step S6, the cyclopentadienyl wide skin Citrus chachiensis Hort. of paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. system and the cenospecies of Fructus Citri sinensis, therefore the disease such as skin ulcer in two kinds of Citrus The equal easy infection of scall, Peptic Ulcers is fallen ill, and should be prevented and treated;The especially orchard of eminence luvisde, in typhoon season, plant Peptic Ulcers Severe infections, should strengthen preventing and treating after typhoon.
Further, cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Peptic Ulcers preventing and treating: when cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Seedling young sprout extracts non-generated great Ye out and fallen flowers reach 2/3, I.e. tender leaf, young fruit started medication when not forming pore, sprayed 500 times of liquid of 1 20% Thiodiazole-copper suspending agent, or 77% hydrogen every 15 days 500 times of liquid of copper oxide, or 2500 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder, or 500 times of liquid of 27.12% basic copper sulfate, even Continuous preventing and treating 2-3 time.
The preventing and treating of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Other diseases:
1, anthrax
Typically betiding tree vigo(u)r more weak, ventilation and penetrating light is bad, the orchard of extensive management.Therefore, the pipe in orchard to be strengthened Reason, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, carries out clear garden in winter, has the orchard of medical history before the 4-5 month, the 7-8 month two onset peak periods, selects 50% to move back 500 times of liquid of bacterium spy's wettable powder, or 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, or 25% P applied levels wettable powder 1000 times of liquid of agent, spraying preventing and treating.
2, resin is sick
Resin disease has gummosis to dry up, husky skin, deadwood 3 type.This disease is frequently experienced in the season of the spring rain goes on and on.If gummosis Withered, first site of pathological change is struck off together with the healthy part 0.5-1 centimeters joined with disease portion, expose 1-2 days, painting 1:1:10's Bordeaux's slurry (i.e. 0.5 kilogram copper sulfate: 0.5 kilogram of quick lime: 5 kg of water are formulated), repastes after doing, and even painting is several times Can, also can be coated with 100-200 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder.If husky skin disease, then by 50% carbendazim wettability 800 times of liquid of powder spray.
3, wood louse
800 times of liquid of 40% cream of isocarbophos are respectively sprayed, it is possible to reduce HUANGLONG before each tip exhibition leaf and when branch is the most aging Sick causes harm.
4, red spider
The acaricides such as available pyridaben Emulsion and single carbonamidine, propargite, hexythiazox, machine oil emulsion.Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. to Mancozeb, gram The Bordeaux mixture of demodicid mite spy, machine oil emulsion, azacyclotin and high concentration is easily generated poisoning at the tender tip, alabastrum, young fruit period, executes meanwhile Too much potash fertilizer can make peel increase thick, thicken, during use it should be noted that.
The present invention is reached to provide the benefit that:
The luxuriant paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management of present invention offer and pest control method, it is possible to be effectively improved yield and the matter of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Amount.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter the preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated, it will be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only used In the description and interpretation present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management and pest control method, it comprises the following steps:
S1, Jian Yuan: select sunny, soil property is fertile, moistening and draining is good, neutral or subalkaline loam or sandy loam, By distance between rows and hills 3m × 2m, 111 strain/667 square metre or distance between rows and hills 2.5m × 2m, the field planting specification of 133 strain/667 square metre opens cave, Often spread manuer in holes into carbamide 1-2kg, Testa Tritici 1-2kg, egg shell powder 0.5-1kg, analysis for soybean powder 300-400g, magnesium sulfate 20-30g, boron Acid 30-40g, brown sugar 40-50g, Folium Ricini 500-600g and modified agricultural crop straw 2-3kg make base manure;
S2, branch-finishing and pruning:
During cultivation cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort., often think little of the work of cutting back pruning, often make branch of excessive growth apical dominance pumping long, then branch Rear apical dominance is yielded positive results, and causes the long jewelry, expensive clothing and other valuables of branch, branch severe bends after spike result, for avoiding spike result, summer Should strengthen implementing the work of cutting back pruning season.Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Cheng Shu tree-like management, essentially consist in utilization prune, with maintain tree-like also Increase tree crown, and prune and can be divided into summer pruning and winter pruning.Summer pruning suitable cutting back light pruning and sparse branching;
The growth of bearing tree tree vigo(u)r in the best fruiting period relatively relaxes, and pumping summer, autumn growth amount are less.But as strong in plant strain growth gesture and a large amount of pumpings The a large amount of branch of excessive growth of summer, autumn growth, even pumping, the branch of excessive growth updates that female branch is used and in addition in addition to cutting back, remaining should be cut except reserved Remove, in order to avoid causing a large amount of generations of dehiscent fruit.As for summer, autumn growth also should in addition cutting back, female to promote branch to form thinner result Branch, too much person also should be wiped out, in order to avoid affecting tree-like and fruit quality.But after pruning summer, autumn growth in a large number, also should examine tune Whole dose and fruit thinning amount.Winter pruning is more for belonging to pruning rate, but regards tree vigo(u)r and determine pruning degree, and pruning rate is to be less than 15% is principle, in about mid-February, by female to withered branch, pest and disease damage branch, overlapping branch, slim and frahile branch, the branch of excessive growth or too much result Branch is pruned;The stronger big branch top sparse branching of tree vigo(u)r is pruned, and implements in the lump, but should divide 2~3 years and divide year by year when being suitable for winter pruning Section is implemented to prune, in order to avoid pruning rate too much affects the distribution of tree crown for the moment, and causes a large amount of pumping branch of excessive growth.When tree vigo(u)r is more weak Use to shorten and prune, to reduce tree crown and to stimulate branch to sprout, to cultivate root mass recovery tree vigo(u)r.Excessive weak plant preferably goes gently Cut, and compounding application volume high-carbon fertilizer improves soil, and the thinnest should execute chemical fertilizer, so that recovering tree vigo(u)r.
S3, fruit thinning:
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is the kind of pole high yield, and plant is when good year, and result quantities too much should carry out fruit thinning, during such as fruit thinning amount deficiency, really Real Later growth, branch is born fruit and is too much often easily ruptured.And result too much plant load is excessive, consume too much tree body battalion Support, make tree body famine nitrogen and potassium, cause a large amount of dehiscent fruits of middle fruit phase, shedding on the contrary, so that yellowing leaf in autumn, plant tree Gesture is weak and affects time annual bearing, causes tree asthenia to lose time serious.Therefore fruit thinning suitable morning, as the number of fruit thinning amount, should make to plant The growth potential of strain slightly larger than stays fruit load capacity to be advisable, even if also plant is after fruit thinning, can pumping a small amount of summer, autumn growth be still it Equilibrium point, in order to avoid affecting tree vigo(u)r, enabling and producing big grain and the fruit of high-quality, and constant rate of production.When good year except fruit thinning suitable morning Outward, fertile training management should also be strengthened, to prevent senilism, especially at the amount of application of nitrogen potash fertilizer, preferably than general Citrus chachiensis Hort. and orange amount of application For many.Again for avoiding yielding positive results too much, should strengthen utilizing winter pruning, wipe out oversize or too much bearing basal shoot, to reduce The too much amount of yielding positive results, can reduce fruit thinning workload the most relatively.
S4, fertile training management
S41, soil management:
Though cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is similar with general Citrus for the adaptability of soil, but for asking quality superior, the selection to soil also needs lattice Outer being particular about, orchard ground and soil internal drainage want good, i.e. after heavy rain can not hydrops, soil thickness more than 50 centimeters, Yak bottom (impermeable stratum) can not be had to exist, and the soil texture is preferred to matter loam with loam.Soil organic matter content 3% with On, soil potential of hydrogen (pH value) is between 5.5~6.5, and soil conductivity degree (EC value) does not has salt damage at below 2ms.Hillside with Leeward district is preferable, and level land is it should be noted that draining, and should there be irrigating facility soil dry drought period to keep the skin wet.If soil pH value is less than 5.5 Hereinafter then belong to acid ground, the normal calcium deficiency of acid ground then plant or magnesium and affect quality, can liming stone powder, Ke shell powder or shrimp The improvement of the alkali goods, materials and equipments such as shell powder, and the orchard of magnesium deficiency, preferably use dolomite dust (containing magnesium oxide 10~16%), can supplement calcium simultaneously And magnesium.About 100~200 kilograms of every point of ground, after first must mixing with organic fertilizer when using again deep placement in soil layer.
S42, Citrus fertilising three elements recommended amounts: (g/strain/year)
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. dose can refer to Citrus fertilizing systems amount, but owing to cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is pole high yield kind, therefore fertile management should be strengthened Reason, to prevent plant the weakest, especially at nitrogenous fertilizer and the amount of application of potash fertilizer, preferably drinks than general Citrus fertilising three elements recommended amounts To increase by 20~about 50%.
S43, fertilizing time: fertilizing time divides fertile (6~August) autumn in base manure (after the gathering) summer fertile (9~October) totally 4~5 times; Summer, autumn fertile each fertilising in two times are advisable, and are used the most after the rain.
S44, fertilizer apportionment ratio:
Note: 1. organic manure application rate is depending on the age of tree, life in average 3~5 years, every strain 20~30 kilograms, life in 5~10 years, every strain 30 ~50 kilograms, more than life in 10 years, every strain 50~100 kilograms.
2. magnesium deficiency orchard, can add magnesium sulfate per hectare about 200 kilograms in base manure, if acid ground orchard (pH < 5.5) can change and execute magnesia Calx 1,000 kilogram/hectare.
S45, trace elements:
Citrus are in addition to above-mentioned a large amount of key elements, and other also may lack such as zinc, manganese, ferrum, boron, must check with soil and foliar analysis It, if there being shortage can add zinc sulfate 40~80 kilogram/hectare (or zinc oxide 30~50 kilogram/hectare), sulphuric acid when base manure Manganese 200~400 kilogram/hectare, during ferrous sulfate 50~60 kilogram/hectare is manured into soil in the lump.Can also foliage-spray (young fruit To the middle fruit phase), about it is diluted to 0.25~0.5% concentration with above-mentioned goods, materials and equipments.Can also per hectare 5~10 kilograms of boron if boron lacks Sand adds in base manure, or is diluted to 400~500 times in young fruit to middle fruit phase with water-soluble boron element and sprays it, but can not spray year after year Execute, with preventing poison.
S46, fertilizing method:
Substantially have ditch spread, spread manuer in holes, circulating application and spread fertilizer over the fields four kinds, base manure can topdress with one of first three or be used alternatingly, and conventional spreads Execute (top application) to be advisable.
Ditch spread: between interlacing ditch, wide about 30~40 centimeters, the most about 20~30 centimeters, can first by deployed fertilizer, Soil conditioner and part chemical fertilizer, apply in ditch earthing more in the lump.
Spread manuer in holes: can first be drilled 5~8 caves with boring machine in tree crown surrounding, diameter 15~20 centimeters, the most about 40~50 centimeters, Again the base manure full dose mixed up is applied and earthing.
Circulating application: this method conveniently treelet (life in 1~3 year), ditches at tree crown peripheral cyclic, wide about 20~30 centimeters, the most about 15~20 centimeters, base manure is applied ditch, and earthing.
Spread fertilizer over the fields: be generally used for summer, autumn fertilizer (topdressing), deployed chemical fertilizer is averagely spread fertilizer over the fields under tree crown, but must soil When earth moistens for it, if having the covering that grass also can be cut by vegetative cultivation to improve fertilizer efficiency.
S5, the preventing of dehiscent fruit:
The generation of general citrusfruit dehiscent fruit, is due to affecting by cultivation, irrigation or season, and causes irregular growth, Make peel uneven with the growth of sarcocarp, cause peel to rupture and sarcocarp occurs.As Citrus plant is few in long-term arid or rainfall Time, soil moisture is not enough, and pericarp growth is halted state or delayed growth, but when sarcocarp growth does not stops, when soil obtains Sufficiently moisture, plant absorbs moisture and the nutrition of volume between for the moment, sarcocarp drastically grows, and pericarp growth is slow, causes Peel and sarcocarp growth differences, so that peel splits.Kind such as the Citrus chachiensis Hort. that generally peel is thin, luxuriant paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort., Citrus sinensis Osbeck and some Valencia kind etc. is easier to dehiscent fruit, and fruit is by splitting peel at fruit top, the most also at fruit side generation dehiscent fruit.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort.: due to the breediness that peel is thin, dehiscent fruit the most easily occurs, all has dehiscent fruit to send out from young fruit period to the big fruit phase Raw, so that causing serious shedding, cultivation management often perplexs orchard worker.Its dehiscent fruit splits in different shape in fruit period of duration Really, before 8~JIUYUE among, the fruitlet phase, fruit, often in lobe phenomenon, i.e. splits to carpopodium along fruit both sides, face by really backing down to split, Playing fruit October increase growth and start the period of annesl, fruit starts to present transverse fissure phenomenon, is i.e. ftractureed and parallel by fruit side Between Yu Guoding and carpopodium.The i.e. after date when stopping a section rainy season, as even met again rainy in October, often results in plant a large amount of Transverse fissure and the shedding of lobe, after shedding slows down, the dehiscent fruit of part is only presented on cracking near fruit end.
Dehiscent fruit Prevention method:
(1) plant: selecting annual mean temperature is about 20 DEG C, the climatic environment plantation relatively cooled suitablely, sending out of dehiscent fruit can be reduced Raw.
(2) orchard draining is strengthened: the orchard that draining is good should be selected, gutter and high bedding cultivation are set, rain when rainy season Time can discharge rapidly excessive rainfall, to prevent plant from absorbing too much moisture, and reduce dehiscent fruit.
(3) irrigating facility is set: at fruit growth period, when rainwater deficiency soil is excessively dried, should appropriateness implement to fill Irrigate, to keep appropriateness damp soil, prevent soil dry-wet change excessive, to reduce dehiscent fruit.Filling should be reduced again before fruit maturation Irrigate the water yield, in addition to can improving fruit pol, also can reduce dehiscent fruit.
(4) strengthen fertilising to control: the fertilization mode of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. and period, with general Citrus slightly difference, i.e. full dose phosphate fertilizer Fertile when gift in deep placement mode with fertilizer and the nitrogen of about 30%, potash fertilizer, to use after gathering, nitrogen, the potash fertilizer of the most about 70% divide 3~4 Inferior to young fruit period to the middle fruit phase, use in the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields, if there is serious shedding in young fruit period, then can after heavy rain at once with Carbamide dilutes about 500 times and sprays comprehensively, can reduce dehiscent fruit.8~JIUYUE before and after among fruit the phase, as used the fertilizer containing phosphate fertilizer, will Fruit Cracking amount can be increased, should avoid using.
(5) strengthen summer pruning: plant when summer, the branch of excessive growth as a large amount of in pumping in autumn, then branch of excessive growth pumping the more dehiscent fruit Amount is bigger, in addition to should examining dose and reducing amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, also should be wiped out by the branch of excessive growth, to prevent plant because of vigorous life Long, cause root absorption excess moisture, and cause a large amount of dehiscent fruit.
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Plant after carrying out winter pruning mid-February, should the row prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in winter once.Plant root such as nematode endangers Time, tip of a root growth retardation root system is corrupt, and yellowing leaf then occurs in plant above ground portion, and blade is less and thin, or presents trace unit Element deficiency disease, especially during winter low temperature arid, the obvious yellow of blade and a large amount of untimely defoliation, plant blossom is few and easy fallen flowers Shedding, the fruit size quality that differs is bad, should i.e. check root eelworm harm density, and harm strain should be in budding period in spring, circular groove Use nematicide medicament or the additive Han chitin, use rear and irrigated to reduce nematode density.
The cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. florescence is March, and the florescence is longer nearly about 1 month, and it is serious that flower thrips endangers more general Citrus, impact Fruit appearance, can drink to increase by 1~2 spray medicine preventing and treating in the florescence, to reduce the fruit of peel appearance cicatrix.At the beginning of 4 months fruit after, During fruit growth, should strengthen preventing and treating the harm such as shell insects, red spider and rust Ticks.The wide skin Citrus chachiensis Hort. of cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. system is miscellaneous with Fructus Citri sinensis Hand over and plant, therefore the morbidity of such as shot hole, the Peptic Ulcers equal easy infection of the disease in two kinds of Citrus, should be prevented and treated.Especially eminence luvisde Orchard, in typhoon season, plant Peptic Ulcers severe infections, should strengthen after typhoon preventing and treating.Answer before ripe in the big fruit phase Strengthen preventing and treating fruit fly harm.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Seedling Peptic Ulcers is belonging to bacterial disease, and in the spring that gas epidemic disaster is suitable, pathogenic bacteria can pass through rain Water, insecticide are propagated, and after host's pore, hole skin or wound invade, start to show disease after 3-10 days incubation period.Therefore, To spray medicine prevention Peptic Ulcers as early as possible.When cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Seedling young sprout extracts non-generated great Ye out and fallen flowers reach 2/3, i.e. tender leaf, young fruit are not Start medication when forming pore, spray 500 times of liquid of 1 20% Thiodiazole-copper suspending agent, or 77% Copper hydrate 500 times every 15 days Liquid, or 2500 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder, or 500 times of liquid of 27.12% basic copper sulfate, continuously preventing and treating 2-3 time.
Finally it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention, Although being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, it still may be used So that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments to be modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent.
All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a luxuriant paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management and pest control method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1, Jian Yuan: select sunny, soil property is fertile, moistening and draining is good, neutral or subalkaline loam or sandy loam, By distance between rows and hills 3m × 2m, 111 strain/667 square metre or distance between rows and hills 2.5m × 2m, the field planting specification of 133 strain/667 square metre opens cave, Often spread manuer in holes into carbamide 1-2kg, Testa Tritici 1-2kg, egg shell powder 0.5-1kg, analysis for soybean powder 300-400g, magnesium sulfate 20-30g, boron Acid 30-40g, brown sugar 40-50g, Folium Ricini 500-600g and modified agricultural crop straw 2-3kg make base manure;
S2, branch-finishing and pruning:
For avoiding spike result, should strengthen summer implementing cutting back pruning work;Pruning is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning;Tree vigo(u)r Use time more weak to shorten and prune, to reduce tree crown and to stimulate branch to sprout, to cultivate root mass recovery tree vigo(u)r;
S3, fruit thinning:
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. fruit thinning suitable morning, as the number of fruit thinning amount, the growth potential of plant should be made slightly larger than to stay fruit load capacity to be advisable, also Even if plant is after fruit thinning, can pumping a small amount of summer, autumn growth be still its equilibrium point, in order to avoid affect tree vigo(u)r, enable the big grain of production and The fruit of high-quality, and constant rate of production;
S4, fertile training management:
S41, soil management:
Orchard ground and soil internal drainage want good, i.e. after heavy rain can not hydrops, soil thickness, can not more than 50 centimeters With the presence of impermeable stratum, the soil texture is preferred to matter loam with loam;Soil organic matter content more than 3%, soil pH value Between 5.5~6.5, soil conductivity degree does not has salt damage at below 2ms;
S42, Citrus dose: cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. dose reference Citrus fertilizing systems amount, but owing to cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. is pole high yield kind, therefore Fertile training management should be strengthened, to prevent plant the weakest, especially at nitrogenous fertilizer and the amount of application of potash fertilizer, want than general Citrus fertilising three Element recommended amounts drinks to increase by 20~about 50%;
S43, fertilizing time: fertilizing time divides that base manure, summer are fertile, the autumn fertile, totally 4~5 times;Summer, autumn fertilizer respectively apply fertilizer in two times, and at rain After use;
S44, fertilizer apportionment ratio:
Organic manure application rate is depending on the age of tree, and life in average 3~5 years, every strain 20~30 kilograms, life in 5~10 years, every strain 30~50 is public Jin, more than life in 10 years, every strain 50~100 kilograms;
S45, trace elements:
Zinc sulfate 40~80 kilogram/hectare, manganese sulfate 200~400 kilogram/hectare, ferrous sulfate 50~60 is added when base manure During kilogram/hectare is manured into soil in the lump;
S5, the preventing of dehiscent fruit:
(1) plant: selecting annual mean temperature is about 20 DEG C, the climatic environment plantation relatively cooled suitablely, sending out of dehiscent fruit can be reduced Raw;
(2) orchard draining is strengthened: the orchard that draining is good should be selected, gutter and high bedding cultivation are set, can when rainy season rains Discharge rapidly excessive rainfall, to prevent plant from absorbing too much moisture, and reduce dehiscent fruit;
(3) irrigating facility is set: at fruit growth period, when rainwater deficiency soil is excessively dried, should appropriateness implement to irrigate, with Keep appropriateness damp soil, prevent soil dry-wet change excessive, to reduce dehiscent fruit;Irrigation water should be reduced again before fruit maturation Amount, in addition to can improving fruit pol, also can reduce dehiscent fruit;
(4) strengthen fertilising to control: full dose phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer and the nitrogen of about 30%, potash fertilizer in deep placement mode when gift is fertile, in gathering After use, the nitrogen of the most about 70%, potash fertilizer divide 3~4 inferior to young fruit period to middle fruit phase, use in the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields;
(5) summer pruning is strengthened: plant is when summer, the branch of excessive growth as a large amount of in pumping in autumn, then branch of excessive growth pumping the more dehiscent fruit amount is more Greatly;
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Common Diseases mainly has shot hole, Peptic Ulcers, anthrax, yellow twig;Insect mainly have demodicid mite class, a red-spotted lizard class, Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, Aphid, leaf miner, prevent and treat according to a conventional method.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 1 and pest control method, it is characterised in that in step S1, Also including cultivating tree crown: strong branch top, only stay 3-4, common branch top stays the strong bud of 2-3 different directions.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 1 and pest control method, it is characterised in that in step S2, Excessive weak plant preferably row light pruning, and compounding application volume high-carbon fertilizer improves soil, and the thinnest should execute chemical fertilizer, with Make recovery tree vigo(u)r.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 1 and pest control method, it is characterised in that in step S3, For avoiding yielding positive results too much, should strengthen utilizing winter pruning, wipe out oversize or too much bearing basal shoot, to reduce too much opening Flower result quantities, can reduce fruit thinning workload the most relatively.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 1 and pest control method, it is characterised in that in step S45, If boron lacks, add in base manure with per hectare 5~10 kilograms of Boraxs, or be diluted to water-soluble boron element in young fruit to middle fruit phase 400~500 times spray it, but can not spray, with preventing poison year after year.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 1 and pest control method, it is characterised in that in step S6, The cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. florescence is March, and the florescence is longer nearly about 1 month, and it is serious that flower thrips endangers more general Citrus, affects outside fruit See, can drink to increase by 1~2 spray medicine preventing and treating in the florescence, to reduce the fruit of peel appearance cicatrix.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 1 and pest control method, it is characterised in that in step S6, At the beginning of 4 months fruit after, during fruit growth, should strengthen prevent and treat shell insects, red spider and rust Ticks harm.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 1 and pest control method, it is characterised in that in step S6, The cyclopentadienyl wide skin Citrus chachiensis Hort. of paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. system and the cenospecies of Fructus Citri sinensis, therefore the morbidity of such as shot hole, the Peptic Ulcers equal easy infection of the disease in two kinds of Citrus, should Prevented and treated;The especially orchard of eminence luvisde, in typhoon season, plant Peptic Ulcers severe infections, should strengthen after typhoon Preventing and treating.
Cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation management the most according to claim 8 and pest control method, it is characterised in that cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. ulcer Sick preventing and treating: when cyclopentadienyl paddy Citrus chachiensis Hort. Seedling young sprout extracts non-generated great Ye out and fallen flowers reach 2/3, i.e. tender leaf, young fruit starts when not forming pore Medication, sprayed 500 times of liquid of 1 20% Thiodiazole-copper suspending agent, or 500 times of liquid of 77% Copper hydrate, or 72% agricultural strepto-every 15 days Element 2500 times of liquid of wettable powder, or 500 times of liquid of 27.12% basic copper sulfate, continuously preventing and treating 2-3 time.
CN201610396404.6A 2016-06-07 2016-06-07 Method for cultivating and managing honey murcott and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests Pending CN106034917A (en)

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CN107980455A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-05-04 岑溪市糯垌新科柑水果专业合作社 The cultural method of luxuriant paddy mandarin orange
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107926399A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-04-20 岑溪市糯垌新科柑水果专业合作社 The pest control method of luxuriant paddy mandarin orange
CN107980455A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-05-04 岑溪市糯垌新科柑水果专业合作社 The cultural method of luxuriant paddy mandarin orange
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CN109685262A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-04-26 杭州市林业科学研究院(杭州市林业科技推广总站) One kind predicting the pathogenetic method of Chinese walnut dry rot based on techniques of discriminant analysis
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CN114097514A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-01 眉山职业技术学院 Method for improving yield and quality of old citrus orchard and old small tree and preventing and controlling diseases and pests

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Application publication date: 20161026