CN105150524B - 振动焊接系统 - Google Patents

振动焊接系统 Download PDF

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CN105150524B
CN105150524B CN201510513811.6A CN201510513811A CN105150524B CN 105150524 B CN105150524 B CN 105150524B CN 201510513811 A CN201510513811 A CN 201510513811A CN 105150524 B CN105150524 B CN 105150524B
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electromagnet
workpiece
vibration welding
phase
electric current
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CN105150524A (zh
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L.克林斯坦
E.帕拉特尼克
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Duken IAS Ltd.
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B06B1/0238Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave
    • B06B1/0246Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal
    • B06B1/0261Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal taken from a transducer or electrode connected to the driving transducer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0609Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding characterised by the movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/0618Linear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/9241Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92441Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/92443Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time following a pressure-time profile
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B29C66/9292Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams
    • B29C66/92921Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams in specific relation to time, e.g. pressure-time diagrams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9511Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by measuring their vibration frequency
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9512Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration frequency
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9515Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by measuring their vibration amplitude
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/951Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9516Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration amplitude
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/961Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
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    • H02P25/02Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/032Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
    • B06B1/045Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B06B2201/00Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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    • B06B2201/72Welding, joining, soldering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02P2205/01Current loop, i.e. comparison of the motor current with a current reference

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Abstract

本发明公开一种振动焊接系统。一种振动焊接系统具有耦合到第一工件支架以便实现第一工件支架相对于第二工件的往复移动的一对电磁体,和耦合到电磁体以便连续地激励和去激励彼此有相位差的电磁体来实现第一工件支架的往复移动的电气驱动系统。该驱动系统包括DC电流源;多个可控制的电子开关装置,其用于可控地将所述源耦合到每一个所述电磁体并且从每一个所述电磁体去耦合所述源;电流传感器,其耦合到所述电磁体并且产生表示供应给所述电磁体的电流的信号;以及控制电路,其耦合到所述电子开关装置并且接收由所述电流传感器产生的用于将所述开关装置接通和关断的信号,以便控制所述电磁体的激励和去激励,从而实现所述第一工件支架的往复移动。

Description

振动焊接系统
本案是申请号为201110253624.0发明名称为振动焊接系统的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及振动焊接,并且特别地涉及用于振动焊接的电子驱动系统。
背景技术
线性振动焊接机在工业中使用以便通过产生一个部件相对于另一个部件的线性振荡运动来焊接两个塑料部件。在用力将部件压在一起时,振荡运动产生热量,其熔融塑料部件的邻近表面并且在部件冷却之后产生焊接。
一个部件相对于另一个部件的振动移动是通过定位在焊接机的可移动部件和固定部件之间的两个电磁体产生的。两个电磁体沿相同坐标线,但以相反方向施加力。电磁体以180°相移激励,以使得当第一电磁体被激励时,第二电磁体是去激励的。相反地,当第二电磁体被激励时,第一电磁体是去激励的。
所希望的是将激励循环的频率保持在焊接机的可移动的机械部件的谐振频率;以便允许将最大能量传递到要被焊接的部件。还希望控制施加给电磁体的能量,以便在焊接期间保持希望的塑料熔融水平。
控制电磁体的以前的方法实现在激励/去激励循环之间180°相移(参见例如美国专利号7,520,308),但它们仍具有缺点。例如,当三相输出驱动用来控制两个电磁体时,其中的两相用来驱动两个电磁体,并且两个电磁体具有连接到第三相的共用线。因此使第三相被加载第一或第二相的两倍那样多,其施加压力于第三相控制元件(通常为IGBT晶体管)。而且,激励和去激励的总时限是固定的,而PWM用来控制递送给每个电磁体的能量的数量,因为PWM控制器是以三相电动机控制的标准驱动解决方法。但其具有慢响应时间的缺点,受PWM控制器的频率限制。此外,针对该应用使用PWM控制器引起输出功率元件(IGBT晶体管)的过度切换,其接着又导致不需要的功率损失、过度电气噪声和较低的系统可靠性。
测量可移动的机械系统的谐振频率的以前的方法涉及频率扫描。在扫描模式中,将相当低的电压(通常最大值的10%-25%)施加给电磁体并且使频率以小的增量(通常0.1Hz)从机器的操作范围(通常从200 Hz到240 Hz)的最低频率到最高频率步进。当频率步进时,监视振幅反馈和/或驱动电流输出。谐振频率被确定为具有最高振幅反馈和/或最低电流输出驱动的频率。一旦确定谐振频率的值,就将其存储在控制模块(通常为可编程逻辑控制器或PLC)的存储器中并且被传到驱动器作为其固定操作频率。限定谐振频率的该方法是相当准确的,但具有一些固有缺点。首先,其需要操作员记得转向“调谐”模式来扫描该频率,其在制造环境中常常被遗忘。其次,过程本身是相当耗时的并且将占用3-5分钟,其在高体积生产环境中也是不希望的。第三,扫描路线选择不解决在高体积和高负载类型应用中机器和工具变热的问题。当机器和其组件变热时,谐振频率下降。如果没有发现新的谐振频率,则机器将离开其最佳机械谐振,并且因此汲取更多的电流,从而产生更多的热量并且在其关键组件上引起更大应力。雪崩效应(或失控状况)将出现。为了对这补救,操作员不得不每个小时左右运行频率扫描,这再次损害制造效率。
控制焊接过程的以前的方法基于使用PLC。通过PLC监视并控制焊接部件的线性位置和在焊接期间各焊接部件之间的压力。基于从传感器获得的信息,通过PLC控制提升平台和接合焊接部件的液压缸。当PLC具有所有必要的输入/输出通道以便提供这样的控制时,其响应时间是相当缓慢的(通常从5 ms到20 ms),这会影响焊接过程的可重复性和精确性。
发明内容
本公开提供一种通过实现第一工件相对于第二工件的往复移动而且将工件推进到一起来焊接第一和第二工件的振动焊接系统。该振动焊接系统包括第一和第二工件支架,其中第一工件支架被安装以用于相对于第二工件支架进行往复移动。将一对电磁体耦合到第一工件支架来实现第一工件支架的往复移动,并且将电气驱动系统耦合到电磁体来连续地激励和去激励彼此有相位差的电磁体以实现第一工件支架的往复移动。驱动系统包括:DC电流源;多个可控制的电子开关装置,其用于可控地将该源耦合到每一个电磁体并且从每一个电磁体去耦合该源;电流传感器,其耦合到电磁体并且产生表示供应给电磁体的电流的信号;以及控制电路,其耦合到电子开关装置并且接收由电流传感器产生的信号以便使该开关装置接通和关断,从而控制电磁体的激励和去激励以实现第一工件支架的往复移动。
在一个实施例中,第一工件支架是具有振动的谐振频率的可移动的机械系统的一部分,将控制电路编程为保持对于激励和去激励每一个电磁体的每个连续循环的预先选择的时间段,并且该预先选择的时间段对应于可移动的机械系统的谐振频率。
在一个实施方式中,控制电路被配置成将由电流传感器产生的信号与预置电流水平相比较并且控制供应给电磁体的电流,并且由此控制供应给电磁体和由此供应给工件的能量的数量。
在一个实施方式中,通过由控制电路激活的液压驱动器来接合第二工件。通过控制电路来监视在接合的第一和第二工件之间的压力以及第二工件的线性位置。
附图说明
可以通过结合附图参考以下描述来更好的理解本发明,其中:
图1是用于振动焊接机的电气控制系统的示意图。
图2是通过图1的电气控制系统供应给振动焊接机中的两个驱动电磁体的激励电流的时序图。
图3是通过图1的电气控制系统供应给与振动焊接机中的电磁体的其中之一相关联的四个绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)的控制信号的时序图。
图4是对应于图2的上线的第一循环的时序图,但具有用于供应给振动焊接机中的电磁体的电流的最大值的不同设置点。
图5A-5D是与振动焊接机中的电磁体的其中之一相关联的四个IGBT 的电气示意图,并且图示在图2的时序图中的电流的其中之一的一个循环期间通过那些IGBT的电流。
图6是包括在图1的电气控制系统中的控制模块中的电路的一个实施例的电气示意图,以便控制IGBT的其中之一。
图7是图示图1- 6的系统的“声脉冲(ping)”操作模式的波形的时序图。
具体实施方式
尽管将与某些优选实施例结合来描述本发明,但将会理解本发明不局限于那些特定的实施例。相反地,本发明意图涵盖包括在如所附权利要求书限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有替代、修改和等同布置。
图1图示包括在支撑塑料部件P 1 的移动元件12的相对端部处具有转子10和11的两个固定电磁体L x L y (例如附着于固定框架)的线性振动焊接机。当电磁体L x 被激励时,将焊接机的移动元件12移到左侧(如图1中所看到的那样),并且当电磁体L y 被激励时,将移动元件12移到右侧。用180°相移将两个电磁体L x L y 顺序地激励和去激励,以便引起移动元件12和稳固地附着于移动元件12的塑料部件P 1 的振动。当塑料部件P 1 振动时,通过液压缸28将施压于固定的塑料部件P 2 ,以使得振动的塑料部件P 1 相对于固定的塑料部件P 2 的振荡运动产生引起两个塑料部件的接合表面熔融的热量,使得当振动停止时,两个部件被焊接起来。
将电流从电源V p 供应给两个电磁体L x L y 的线圈,该电源V p 经由四个IGBT Q1-Q4将DC电流供应给L x 线圈并且经由四个IGBT Q5-Q8将DC电流供应给L y 线圈。两组四个IGBTQ1-Q4和Q5-Q8形成用于相应的L x L y 线圈的两相驱动系统,从而形成总体同步的用于两个线圈的四相驱动系统。第一相包括IGBT Ql和Q2,第二相包括IGBT Q3和Q4,第三相包括IGBTQ5和Q6,并且第四相包括IGBT Q7和Q8。电磁体L x 由第一和第二相供以动力,而电磁体L y 由第三和第四相供以动力。所有的四个相在电学上是相同的,除了第一和第三相与第二和第四相有180°相位差之外,如以下将详细描述的那样。
通过一对I x I y 控制模块20和21以及控制IGBT Q1-Q8何时接通和关断的系统频率接口模块22来控制所述IGBT Q1-Q8的开关。具体地,控制模块20产生四个分别用于IGBTQ1-Q4的栅电压VI,V2, V3, V4,并且控制模块21产生四个分别用于IGBT Q5-Q8的栅电压V5,V6, V7, V9。每一个控制模块20和21使用来自一对电流传感器23和24的其中之一的输入信号实施直接前馈电流控制,该对电流传感器23和24产生表示在相应L x L y 线圈中的实际电流的信号。两个模块也使用预先选择的电流值I set (其表示要被供应给每一个L x L y 线圈的最大电流)和预先选择的时间段T set (其表示每个线圈被反复地激励和去激励的频率)。预先选择的电流值I set 有效地控制供应给L x L y 线圈的能量的数量,来保持在塑料部件P 1 P 2 的振动焊接期间这些部件的接合表面的希望的熔融水平。预先选择的时间段T set 有效地控制电磁体L x L y 的连续激励和去激励的每个循环的周期,以便与振动焊接机的机械部的谐振频率相匹配,从而在塑料部件P 1 P 2 的振动焊接期间将最大能量传递到这些部件。
通过电流传感器23监视流过L x 线圈的电流,这产生表示该电流的瞬时幅度的输出信号I x 。类似地,通过电流传感器24监视流过L y 线圈的电流,这产生表示该电流的瞬时幅度的输出信号I y 。控制模块20和21分别将信号I x I y 与预置值I set 相比较。图2是图示由模块20使用的信号I x I y 如何产生将IGBT Ql-Q4接通和关断的控制信号的时序图。
在图2中,上面的图表示L x 线圈中的电流,并且下面的图表示L y 线圈中的电流。一个完整循环从时间t 0 延伸到时间t 4 。在该说明性的示例中,当控制模块20产生接通IGBT Ql和关断IGBT Q2的控制信号时,L x 线圈的激励在时间t 0 开始。根据先前的循环IGBT Q3保持关断且IGBT Q4保持接通。如图5A所图示,针对四个IGBT Q1-Q4的状态的该组合引起电流从源+V p 流过L x 线圈,从时间t 0 的零增加到时间t 1 的预先选择的值I set 。在t 0 t 1 之间的时间间隔的长度由I x 何时达到水平I set 来确定,通过不断地将I x 与预先选择的值I set 进行比较来在控制模块20中检测I x 何时达到水平I set
I x 在时间t 1 达到I set 时,控制模块20产生关断IGBT Ql和接通IGBT Q2的控制信号,以使得L x 线圈中的电流水平不会再进一步增加。IGBT Q3保持关断且IGBT Q4保持接通。如图5B所图示,针对四个IGBT Ql-Q4的状态的该组合将施加给L x 线圈的电压降低到零并且引起L x 线圈中的电流以I set 水平继续经由IGBT Q2和Q4流过L x 线圈,直到时间t 2 为止。
t 1 t 2 之间的时间间隔的长度由存储在模块22中的存储器中的预先选择的值½T set 确定,所述模块22还包括测量在t 0 之后经过的时间的微处理器。当该经过的时间等于½T set 时,微处理器产生接通IGBT Q3和关断IGBT Q4的控制信号。IGBT Ql保持关断,且IGBTQ2保持接通。如图5C所图示,针对四个IGBT Q1-Q4的状态的该组合将反向电压-V p 施加给L x 线圈,这引起电流从源-V p 经由IGBT Q3和Q2流过L x 线圈,从时间t 2 I set 降低到时间t 3 的零。在t 2 t 3 之间的时间间隔的长度由I x 何时达到零来确定,通过不断地将I x 与零参考值进行比较来在控制模块20中检测I x 何时达到零。
I x 达到0时,控制模块20在时间t 3 产生关断IGBT Q3和接通IGBT Q4的控制信号,以便保持L x 线圈中的零电流条件。IGBT Q1保持关断,并且IGBT Q2保持接通。如图5D所图示,针对四个IGBT Ql-Q4的状态的该组合将施加给L x 线圈的电压降低到零并且保持在L x 线圈中的零电流条件直到下一个循环开始时的时间t 4 为止。
如在图2和3中可以看到的那样,在t 2 t 3 之间的时间间隔的长度大约与在t 0 t 1 之间的时间间隔相同,因为在这两个间隔中电流的变化是相同的,即I set 和零之间的差。在t 3 t 4 之间的时间间隔的长度由存储在模块22中的存储器中的预先选择的值T set 确定,所述模块22还包括测量在t 0 之后经过的时间的微处理器。当该经过的时间等于T set 时,微处理器产生接通IGBT Ql和关断IGBT Q3的控制信号以便开始下一个循环。
图2中的下面的图表示L y 线圈中的电流。一个完整循环从时间t 0 延伸到时间t 4 。在该说明性示例中,L y 线圈的去激励在时间t 0 开始,当控制模块20产生接通IGBT Q7和关断IGBT Q8的控制信号时。根据先前的循环IGBT Q5保持关断,并且IGBT Q6保持接通。针对四个IGBT Q5- Q8的状态的该组合将反向电压-V p 施加给L y 线圈,这引起经由IGBT Q6和Q7流过L y 线圈的电流降低。
L y 线圈中的电流减少到零(这通过不断地将I y 与零参考值进行比较来在控制模块20中检测到)时,该控制模块在时间t 1 产生关断IGBT Q7和接通IGBT Q8的控制信号。IGBTQ5保持关断,并且IGBT Q6仍然接通。针对四个IGBT Q5-Q8的状态的该组合将施加给L y 线圈的电压降低到零并且保持L y 线圈中的零电流条件直到时间t 2 为止。
t 1 t 2 之间的时间间隔的长度由存储在模块22中的存储器中的预先选择的值½T set 确定,所述模块22还包括测量在t 0 之后经过的时间的微处理器。当该经过的时间等于½T set 时,微处理器产生接通IGBT Q5和关断IGBT Q6的控制信号。IGBT Q7保持关断,并且IGBTQ8保持接通。针对四个IGBT Q5-Q8的状态的该组合将电压+V p 施加给L y 线圈,这引起电流经由IGBT Q5和Q8流过L y 线圈,从时间t 2 的零增加到时间t 3 I set 。在t 2 t 3 之间的时间间隔的长度由I y 何时达到水平I set 确定,通过不断地将I y 与预置值I set 进行比较来在控制模块20中检测I y 何时达到水平I set
I y 在时间t 3 达到I set 时,控制模块产生关断IGBT Q7和接通IGBT Q8的控制信号,以使得L y 线圈中的电流水平不会再进一步增加。IGBT Q5保持关断,并且IGBT Q6保持接通。针对四个IGBT Q5-Q8的状态的该组合引起L y 线圈中的电流以I set 水平继续经由IGBT Q6和Q8流过L y 线圈,直到时间t 4 为止。
t 3 t 4 之间的时间间隔的长度由存储在模块22中的存储器中的预先选择的值T set 确定,所述模块22还包括测量在t 0 之后经过的时间的微处理器。当该经过的时间等于T set 时,微处理器产生接通IGBT Q5和关断IGBT Q6的控制信号以便开始下一个循环。
图3是供应给电磁体10或11的其中之一的线圈的驱动电流的一个周期的放大时序图。供应给两个电磁体的驱动电流是相同的,除了它们彼此有180°的相位差之外。
每一个L x L y 线圈两端的电压V可以被表示为:
(1)
其中
V是电磁体线圈两端的电压,
R是电磁体线圈的等效串联电阻,
L是电磁体线圈的等效电感,以及
i是电磁体线圈中的电流。
由于电磁体的大的物理尺寸,与L x 线圈或L y 线圈的等效电感相比,该 L x 线圈或L y 线圈的等效串联电阻可以被认为是可以忽略的小。因此,等式(1)可以近似为:
(2)。
用Δi代替di并且用Δt代替dt,且然后求出Δi,得出:
(3)。
根据等式(3),t 0 t 1 之间的时间间隔通过经过L x 线圈的电流的线性增加Δi = (I set - 0),电压V p L x 线圈的电感来确定。根据等式(3),如果 v = 0,那么Δi = 0。因此,经过线圈的电流不改变,只要V = 0,就保持基本上恒定值。
可以看出循环的周期通过t 0 t 4 之间的时间间隔T set 精确限定,而电流波形的形状通过前馈电流控制限定,通过I set 值限定。例如,图4示出对于I set 和½T set 的电流波形的形状。对于½T set ,时间间隔(t 0 -t 1 )和(t 2 -t 3 )减小到图2和图3中的那些相同间隔的约½,而整个周期T set 保持相同,因为间隔(t 1 -t 2 )和(t 3 -t 4 )增加。
所图示的系统提供一种对称四相驱动,其中每个控制元件是同等加载的,并且没有控制元件在电学上比另一个控制元件被更多地加压。电磁体控制的时序图根据所需的能量水平而变化,而激励和去激励循环的整个频率保持在设置的频率水平。IGBT控制模块20和21实施直接前馈电流控制,其提供对供应给电磁体的电流的快速、直接和动态地精确控制,其接着又允许到工件的焊接能量的准确递送。对于一个IGBT的前馈控制的结构如图6所示。
在每个阶段开始时,信号START将触发器62的输出设置成高电压水平。IGBT Ql切换成导电,并且L x 线圈中的电流逐步增加。当电流达到Ifb时,比较器61重置触发器(信号停止(STOP)),其关断IGBT Ql。该配置允许直接在每个充电-放电周期内设置希望的电流值I set
图1的第二固定塑料部件P 2 通过液压缸28接合,通过焊接过程实时控制器25控制,所述焊接过程实时控制器25反复地从线性位置传感器26和压力传感器27采样值。从线性位置传感器26的采样的值指示塑料部件P 2 相对于塑料部件P 1 的位置。从压力传感器27采样的值指示塑料部件P 1 P 2 之间的压力。当该压力达到设置点时,焊接过程开始。
从压力和线性位置传感器采样的值可以被驱动器的内部实时控制电路使用以便精确地监视两个接合部件之间的压力,和第二工件的位置,从而控制驱动器的位置和压力。内部实时控制电路的响应时间是非常短的(通常5µs到50µs),因此显著地改善焊接过程的可重复性和精确性。
图1所图示的系统还包括振动传感器29,其可以是感应传感器或检测移动元件12的振动的任何其它传感器。传感器29的移动部件与移动元件12稳固地链接,以使得在传感器29的线圈中的AC EMF反映元件12的移动的振幅和频率。传感器29的输出被系统频率接口模块22采样,该系统频率接口模块22接着又限定被传送到控制模块20和21的值T set
所图示的系统还通过控制贯穿焊接循环施加给焊接接头的实际功率数量来许可焊接操作的功率分布。这许可对焊接过程和焊接接头的质量二者的精确控制。施加给焊接接头的功率P是供应给线圈L x L y 的电压V和电流I二者的函数,即P = V*I。通过上述I set 的值控制电流I,并且根据预置的分布该值可以贯穿焊接循环而改变。施加给线圈L x L y 的电压通过供应给驱动系统的电压V p 的值控制,并且通过使用类似于如图6所示的闭环电流控制系统的闭环电压控制系统,该值也可以根据预置的分布贯穿焊接循环而改变。通过控制电流I和/或电压V,可以精确地控制贯穿每个焊接循环的递送到焊接接头的功率,以便获得希望的功率分布。可替代地,可以通过调整由液压缸28施加给工件的力来获得希望的功率分布,从而实现遵循预置的功率分布所需的P = V*I的改变。
焊接机的Q因数是其弹簧、线圈、层压载体、驱动器和实际上部工具的质量的函数。尽管弹簧、线圈、层压载体和驱动器具有相当好的可重复性和紧密度容限(由于它们是各机器之间共享的标准组件),上部工具对要被焊接的每个部件是独特的。因此,工具设计和制造的质量可以对整个焊接机性能具有显著的影响。振动焊接机的 Q因数的典型值在100和160之间。该值越高指示系统构建地越好,该系统利用较少的损耗更高效地运行且更为可靠。在工厂测试期间测量该值并且将其存储在机器控制器中。在机器老化时,监视Q并且将该Q与原始值相比较。其降低可以用作工具或机器退化的早期警报。对于查找故障目的这也是有价值的。使用者可以围绕Q值设置限制来警报这样的发生。如果使用者改变工具,则计算新Q值。一旦测试新的工具,该特征还可以用作工具质量的定量测量。
为了确定机械部件的谐振频率,在图1中的系统频率接口模块22使用“声脉冲”方法,当系统频率接口模块22产生“声脉冲”启动脉冲(参见图7)时所述方法开始。“声脉冲”启动脉冲使得控制模块20和21能够以预先选择的初始频率激活线圈X和Y达短的时间段(通常在50 ms和200 ms之间,其对应于操作频率的大约10到40个循环)。然后控制模块20和21被禁用。机械部件以其谐振频率继续阻尼振荡,类似于声学音叉。通过由系统频率接口模块22采样感应传感器29的输出来测量振荡的频率F osc 。经过多个循环完成对平均多个周期的测量,并且因此提供高测量精确度。然后该频率F osc 用于下一个“声脉冲”循环。
在焊接循环之间执行“声脉冲”频率测量,使得它不影响焊接机的生产能力。测量的谐振频率F osc 被存储在系统频率接口模块22的存储器中,并且产生趋向报告。使用该报告来跟踪由温度的改变或其它因素引起的频率波动。此外,在每个测量之后,将新的周期T set 计算为:
(4)
并且将新的周期T set 传送到控制模块20和21。
可移动的机械系统的Q因数被测量为:
(5)
其中:
Q-系统Q(质量)因数
ta-在“声脉冲”的信号结束之后处于最大振幅的时间(图7)
tb-当振幅衰减一半时的时间(图7)
F osc -测量的频率。
尽管已经图示和描述了本发明的特定的实施例和应用,但是应当理解本发明不局限于在此公开的精确的构造和组成,并且在不脱离如在所附权利要求书中限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下各种修改、改变和变化从前述描述是显而易见的。

Claims (15)

1.一种通过实现第一工件相对于第二工件的线性往复移动而且将工件推进到一起来焊接所述第一工件和所述第二工件的振动焊接系统,所述振动焊接系统包括:
第一工件支架和第二工件支架,安装所述第一工件支架以便相对于所述第二工件支架进行线性往复移动,
一对电磁体,其耦合到所述第一工件支架以实现所述第一工件支架的线性往复移动,所述电磁体中的每一个都包括线圈,以及
电气驱动系统,其包括一对两相驱动系统,所述一对两相驱动系统中的每一个都耦合到所述线圈中的一个以连续地激励和去激励彼此异相的所述电磁体,从而实现所述第一工件支架的所述线性往复移动,所述两相驱动系统中的每一个包括:
DC电流源,
多个可控制的电子开关装置,其用于可控地将所述DC电流源耦合到所述电磁体中的每一个以及从所述电磁体中的每一个去耦合所述DC电流源,所述电磁体中的电磁体Lx由第一相和第二相供以动力,所述第一相包括所述可控制的电子开关装置中的第一和第二可控制的电子开关装置,其被连接在所述DC电流源和所述线圈之间,所述第二相包括所述可控制的电子开关装置中的第三和第四可控制的电子开关装置,其被连接在所述DC电流源和所述线圈之间,并且所述电磁体中的电磁体Ly由第三相和第四相供以动力,其中所有的四个相在电学上是相同的,除了所述第一相和所述第三相关于所述第二相和所述第四相具有180度相位差之外,
电流传感器,其耦合到所述电磁体并且产生表示供应给所述电磁体的电流的信号,以及控制电路,其耦合到所述电子开关装置并且接收由所述电流传感器产生的用于将所述电子开关装置接通和关断的信号,以便控制所述电磁体的激励和去激励,从而实现所述第一工件支架的往复移动。
2.根据权利要求1的振动焊接系统,其中所述第一工件支架是具有振动的谐振频率的可移动的机械系统的一部分,将所述控制电路编程以便保持对于激励和去激励每一个所述电磁体的每个连续循环的预先选择的时间段,并且所述预先选择的时间段对应于所述可移动的机械系统的所述谐振频率。
3.根据权利要求1的振动焊接系统,其中所述控制电路被配置为将由所述电流传感器产生的所述信号与预置电流水平相比较且控制供应给所述电磁体的电流,并且由此控制供应给所述电磁体和由此供应给所述第一工件和所述第二工件的能量的数量。
4.根据权利要求3的振动焊接系统,其中所述控制电路被配置为增加供应给每个电磁体的电流,直到检测到预置电流水平Iset为止。
5.根据权利要求3的振动焊接系统,其中在焊接循环期间调整所述预置电流水平以调整供应给所述电磁体和由此供应给所述第一工件和所述第二工件的能量的数量,以便遵循针对在所述焊接循环期间递送给所述第一工件和所述第二工件的能量的数量的预置功率分布。
6.根据权利要求5的振动焊接系统,其中控制在焊接循环期间所述电磁体两端的电压,以调整供应给所述电磁体和由此供应给所述第一工件和所述第二工件的能量的数量,以便遵循针对在所述焊接循环期间递送给所述第一工件和所述第二工件的能量的数量的预置功率分布。
7.根据权利要求5的振动焊接系统,其中在焊接循环期间控制供应给所述电磁体的电流I和电压V,以便利用遵循针对在所述焊接循环期间递送给所述第一工件和所述第二工件的功率P的数量的预置分布的功率P=V*I来供应所述第一工件和所述第二工件。
8.根据权利要求1的振动焊接系统,其包括用于监视在所述第一和第二工件之间的压力和所述第二工件的线性位置的传感器。
9.根据权利要求1的振动焊接系统,其包括将所述第一工件和所述第二工件推进到一起的液压缸,检测在所述第一工件与所述第二工件之间的压力的压力传感器,并且响应于所述压力传感器对预先选择的压力的检测而引发所述液压缸所开始的移动。
10.根据权利要求2的振动焊接系统,其包括振动传感器,所述振动传感器检测振动焊接系统的机械部的振动并且产生在测量所述机械部的谐振频率中使用的输出信号,并且所述控制电路适于确定所述振动焊接系统的Q因数,以及
其中所述控制电路适于保持对于激励和去激励每一个所述电磁体的每个连续循环的预先选择的时间段,所述预先选择的时间段对应于所述可移动的机械系统的所述谐振频率。
11.一种用于通过实现第一工件相对于第二工件的线性往复移动而且将工件推进到一起来焊接所述第一工件和所述第二工件的振动焊接方法,所述方法包括:
安装第一工件支架以便相对于第二工件支架进行线性往复移动,
利用耦合到所述第一工件支架的一对电磁体来实现所述第一工件支架的线性往复移动,所述电磁体中的每一个都包括线圈,以及
连续地激励和去激励彼此异相的所述电磁体以便通过下述内容来实现所述第一工件支架的所述线性往复移动:
可控地将DC电流源耦合到所述电磁体中的每一个并且从所述电磁体中的每一个去耦合所述DC电流源,
产生表示供应给所述电磁体的电流的信号,以及
使用表示所述电流的所述信号来控制所述电磁体的激励和去激励以便实现所述第一工件支架的线性往复移动,以及
提供一对形成用于所述电磁体的总体同步的四相驱动系统的两相驱动系统,所述两相驱动系统中的每一个包括第一可控电子开关装置,第二可控电子开关装置,第三可控电子开关装置和第四可控电子开关装置。
12.根据权利要求11的振动焊接方法,其中所述第一工件支架是具有振动的谐振频率的可移动的机械系统的一部分,并且保持对于激励和去激励每一个所述电磁体的每个连续循环的预先选择的时间段,所述预先选择的时间段对应于所述可移动的机械系统的所述谐振频率。
13.根据权利要求11的振动焊接方法,其中所述第一工件支架是具有振动的谐振频率的可移动的机械系统的一部分,并且其包括确定所述可移动的机械系统的Q因数,其中所述可移动的机械系统的Q因数被测量为:
Q=Fosc(tb-ta)
其中:
Q是系统质量因数,
ta是所述往复移动处于最大振幅的时间,
tb是当最大振幅哀减一半时的时间,以及
Fosc是所述往复移动的测量的频率。
14.根据权利要求13的振动焊接方法,其包括将所述可移动的机械系统的所述Q因数与设置的限制相比较,以便评估所述可移动的机械系统或查找所述可移动的机械系统的故障。
15.根据权利要求13的振动焊接方法,其中通过利用振荡信号使所述可移动的机械系统发出声脉冲和然后测量在所述振荡信号的终止之后的声音下降的期间所述可移动的机械系统的频率以及在所述振荡信号的终止和当所述声音下降的振幅降低到其初始值的一半时的时间之间的时间段,来确定所述可移动的机械系统的所述Q因数。
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