CN105146540A - 包囊亲脂性营养素的递送和受控释放 - Google Patents

包囊亲脂性营养素的递送和受控释放 Download PDF

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CN105146540A
CN105146540A CN201510611138.XA CN201510611138A CN105146540A CN 105146540 A CN105146540 A CN 105146540A CN 201510611138 A CN201510611138 A CN 201510611138A CN 105146540 A CN105146540 A CN 105146540A
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D·S·科哈尼
吕允
P·吉文
R·S·兰吉尔
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Abstract

提供了复合凝聚层递送系统,其包裹亲脂性营养素,如,例如,高ω-3脂肪酸鱼油。复合凝聚层递送系统保护亲脂性营养素免受例如氧化和水解的降解,并且还减少或消除了亲脂性营养素的令人不愉快的味道和气味。该复合凝聚层递送系统在摄入时能以pH-受控方式在较低的胃肠道中有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。可以将该复合凝聚层递送系统包括在具有约1.5至约5.0范围内的pH值的食品或饮料产品中。

Description

包囊亲脂性营养素的递送和受控释放
本申请是申请号为200880104590.5的专利申请的分案申请。
本申请本申请要求了2007年8月28日提交的发明名称为“包囊亲脂性营养素的递送和受控释放”的美国申请系列号11/846,212的优先权(代理案号006943.01011),在此将其全部公开内容引入作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及在用于受控释放的酸性含水体系中将亲脂性营养素递送给消费者的领域,更特别地是酸性含水体系中(如食品和饮料产品)包囊的亲脂性营养素。
背景
已经发现了特定的功能性营养素具有有益的健康作用。亲脂性营养素,如,例如,ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸,形成了人饮食的重要部分。通常将这些称为“必需脂肪酸”,在许多情况中,将其中的至少一些理解为构成细胞膜的重要组分,调节身体对胆固醇利用和控制影响许多其他身体过程的物质的产生。例如,二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),ω-3脂肪酸的长链形式,在许多情况中理解为支持大脑和心血管健康和功能,以及其他健康益处。为了提高或优化来自必需脂肪酸的健康益处,已经建议应当增加ω-3脂肪酸的食用。
之前,将水不溶性亲脂性营养素直接掺入四种物理形式之一的含水体系中:溶液(具有相容溶剂),提取物,乳液或胶束分散体(通常所说的微乳液)。尽管所有这些方法用来将亲脂性营养素分散于含水体系中,但它们没有提供任何其他的益处,如例如,受控(触发的)释放或对抗水解和氧化的延长保护。可购得的鱼油是高ω-3脂肪酸的,并且在一些情况中是“包囊的”,但尚未证实这些可购得的鱼油在酸性食品和饮料产品中是物理或味道稳定的。这导致了对食品或饮料产品的负面享受变化,如摄入后令人不愉快的鱼腥味,特别是由从胃中打嗝涌出鱼油所产生的鱼腥余味。因此,暴露于空气、水和/或光时,ω-3脂肪酸对例如由氧化或水解引起的降解是不稳定的。
期望提供一种含有亲脂性营养素的组合物,其可以减少或消除亲脂性营养素令人不愉快的味道和气味,并且其可以掺入饮料产品、食品或其他适于人或动物食用的含水体系中。还期望提供以稳定形式用于含水体系中(如食品和饮料产品)中的亲脂性营养素,使得亲脂性营养素对于食品或饮料产品保存期过程中的氧化和水解是稳定的。还期望提供一种组合物,其在较低的胃肠道而非胃中释放亲脂性营养素。
发明简述
本发明的各个方面涉及用于亲脂性营养素的递送系统,其可以掺入食品和饮料产品中,如例如,即饮酸性饮料。通过包裹亲脂性营养素,可以降低任何负面影响(例如,氧化,臭气,令人不愉快的气味等)。较低胃肠道中包囊亲脂性营养素的受控释放减少了余味,并且还提高了亲脂性营养素的生物利用率和整体生理效能。
本发明的一个方面涉及含有复合凝聚层水分散体的复合凝聚层递送系统。复合凝聚层具有含有至少一种食品级阳离子聚合物和至少一种食品级阴离子聚合物的外壳和含有至少一种亲脂性营养素的核心。复合凝聚层递送系统在摄入时能在较低的胃肠道中有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。
本发明的其他方面涉及含有复合凝聚层水分散体的复合凝聚层递送系统。复合聚层具有含有至少一种食品级阳离子聚合物和至少一种食品级阴离子聚合物的外壳和含有至少一种亲脂性营养素的核心。复合凝聚层递送系统能以pH-受控方式有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。
在某些示例性实施方案中,复合凝聚层递送系统含有基本上未成团的复合凝聚层的水分散体。复合凝聚层具有含有重量比约为4:1的明胶和阿拉伯树胶的基本上未成团、基本上未胶凝的外壳和含有ω-3脂肪酸的核心。在某些示例性实施方案中,所有或至少大部分复合凝聚层具有0.1μm至5.0μm范围内的粒径,至少大部分复合凝聚层具有0.1μm至2.0μm范围内的粒径,或在0.3μm至0.5μm范围内。复合凝聚层递送系统在2.8至4.0范围内的pH值下是稳定的。复合凝聚层递送系统在摄入时能在较低的胃肠道内在约pH6.0及以上范围内的pH值下有效地充分释放ω-3脂肪酸。
本发明的其他方面涉及复合凝聚层的水分散体。复合聚层具有含有至少一种食品级阳离子聚合物和至少一种食品级阴离子聚合物的外壳和含有至少一种亲脂性营养素的核心。复合凝聚层的水分散体能以pH-受控方式有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。
本发明的其他方面涉及递送对一般健康和保持良好状态有益的亲脂性营养素的饮料产品,而没有将饮料产品的口味特征损害至任何显著的程度。可以将亲脂性营养素加入具有相关健康益处的饮料产品中,以及通常没有认识到为具有营养和健康益处的其他饮料产品中,以促进健康的生活方式。在某些示例性实施方案中,提供了一种饮料产品,其包括含有复合凝聚层水分散体的复合凝聚层递送系统。复合凝聚层具有含有至少一种食品级阳离子聚合物和至少一种食品级阴离子聚合物的外壳和含有至少一种亲脂性营养素的核心。饮料产品可以具有约1.5至约5.0的pH。在摄入饮料产品时,复合凝聚层递送系统能在较低胃肠道中以pH-受控方式有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。
本发明的其他方面涉及一种食品,其包括含有复合凝聚层水分散体的复合凝聚层递送系统。复合凝聚层具有含有至少一种食品级阳离子聚合物和至少一种食品级阴离子聚合物的外壳和含有至少一种亲脂性营养素的核心。食品可以具有约1.5至约5.0的pH。在摄入食品时,复合凝聚层递送系统能在较低胃肠道中以pH-受控方式有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。
本发明的其他方面涉及含有复合凝聚层水分散体的复合凝聚层递送系统。复合凝聚层具有含有至少一种食品级阳离子聚合物和至少一种食品级阴离子聚合物的外壳和含有至少一种亲脂性营养素的核心。复合凝聚层递送系统能以pH-受控方式有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。在某些示例性实施方案中,阳离子聚合物含有EudragitE、EudragitE100和EudragitEPO中的至少一种。
这些和其他方面,连同在此公开的本发明的优点和特征,将通过参考以下的详述而变得清楚。此外,可以理解在此所述的各个实施方案的特征不是互相排斥的,而是可以以各种组合和排列存在。
详述
本发明的各个方面涉及在此公开的用于亲脂性营养素的复合凝聚层递送系统,其提供了适于包括在食品和饮料产品中的稳定组合物,即,复合凝聚层对于货架贮藏、对于用于制备食品和饮料以及对于包括在酸性食品和饮料中时的货架贮藏等是稳定的。复合凝聚层递送系统还提供了一种或多种亲脂性营养素在较低胃肠道的中性至碱性条件下的pH-受控释放。即,复合凝聚层递送系统中的复合凝聚层在进入低于胃的胃肠道部分(其中pH基本上变成中性或碱性)时解离。如在此所用的,“pH-受控释放”(任选地称为以pH-受控方式的释放,或pH-依赖性释放,或pH-触发释放等)意思是复合凝聚层递送系统或其放入的环境中的pH达到或超过特定pH值时,例如,在所示范围内的任何pH值,或所示范围内的一个或多个pH值下,复合凝聚层释放至少大部分的包囊亲脂性营养素。复合凝聚层递送系统减少或消除了许多亲脂性营养素如鱼油令人不愉快的味道和气味,降低了不稳定亲脂性营养素例如通过氧化或水解的降解和延迟了亲脂性营养素的释放,直至较低的胃肠道,其中产生了良好的吸收和生物利用率。可以将复合凝聚层递送系统掺入与健康益处相关的食品或饮料产品中,例如橙汁,以提供提高的营养价值。此外,可以将复合凝聚层递送系统掺入食品和饮料产品中,例如碳酸软饮料。通过将这样的亲脂性营养素包裹在复合凝聚层递送系统中,可以减轻或避免对食品或饮料产品可能的负面的享乐、视觉和物理变化。所得到的食品和饮料产品对消费者是有吸引力的,以及是稳定的并具有适当的保存期。
在某些示例性实施方案中,提供了含有复合凝聚层水分散体的复合凝聚层递送系统。如在此所用的,“递送系统”是可以用于携带包裹亲脂性营养素的复合凝聚层并将它们提供或递送至系统或环境等(例如,确定给人或动物食用的食品或饮料)的成分的组合物或混合物。如在此所用的,将“水分散体”限定为在整个液体水介质分布的颗粒,例如,作为悬浮液、胶体、乳液、溶胶等。液体水的介质可以是纯水,或可以是水与至少一种水溶性溶剂的混合物,如,例如,乙醇或其他醇,丙二醇,丙三醇,二甲基亚砜,二甲基甲酰胺等。在某些示例性实施方案中,复合凝聚层递送系统的水分散体中存在实质性浓度的水溶性溶剂,如,约1%至约20%体积,例如,5%,10%或15%。在其他示例性实施方案中,将复合凝聚层递送系统稀释至饮料或食品中,并且水溶性溶剂的浓度是可以忽略。如在此所用的,“复合凝聚层”是具有包含至少两种相对电荷的聚合物(即,至少一种类型的阳离子聚合物和至少一种类型的阴离子聚合物)的颗粒,聚合物充分包裹核心物质。如在此所用的,聚合物不仅包括传统聚合物,而且还包括寡聚物等。至少大部分的复合凝聚层具有约0.1至约5.0μm范围内的粒径,优选在约0.1至约2.0μm范围内,最优选在约0.3至约0.5μm范围内。在此公开的粒径包括所公开范围内的任何一个或至少一个值以及范围的端点。优选,复合凝聚层基本上是未成团的,但包含包裹单个核心的单个外壳。核心包括至少一种水不溶性的、亲脂性营养素,例如液体,如油。如在此所用的,“亲脂性营养素“是提供生活或生长或良好健康所需营养的物质,其对于脂质、脂肪、油或非极性溶剂(例如,非极性、疏水性物质)具有亲和性或能够溶解于脂质、脂肪、油或非极性溶剂(例如,非极性、疏水性物质)中。外壳包括净正电荷(阳离子)聚合物和净负电荷(阴离子)聚合物。认为每种聚合物的净电荷取决于环境的pH和每种聚合物的等电点,这又取决于每种聚合物中可电离基团的密度和这些基团的pKa值。因此,包含阳离子和阴离子聚合物的复合凝聚层在此的公开内容指的是聚合物在用于形成复合凝聚层的环境或反应条件下的电荷。目前理解在此所用类型的复合凝聚层至少部分通过相对电荷聚合物之间的静电吸引而得到了稳定,并因此选择或设计在特定生理触发尤其是pH变化时来释放。在某些示例性实施方案中,复合凝聚层基本上没有得到其他的稳定,例如,通过复合凝聚层外壳的充分胶凝、充分交联或充分硬化。认为胶凝、交联和硬化阻碍了复合凝聚层的pH受控解离和所得到的水亲脂性营养素的释放。
用于在此公开的复合凝聚层递送系统的示例性聚合物包括在酸性pH下形成复合凝聚层的正电荷食品级生物聚合物,例如,在低于约6.0的pH值,在某些示例性实施方案中,约1.5至约5.0范围内的pH值,在某些示例性实施方案中,约2.8至约4.0范围内的pH值。在此公开的复合凝聚层在酸性pH下是稳定的,例如,低于约pH6.0的范围内的pH值,在某些示例性实施方案中,约1.5至约5.0范围内的pH值,在某些示例性实施方案中,约2.8至约4.0范围内的pH值。在某些示例性实施方案中,复合凝聚层在该所述范围内的pH下是稳定的,意思是它们在所述范围内的任何pH值下(包括端点)是稳定的。在其他示例性实施方案中,复合凝聚层在所述范围内的一个或多个pH值下是稳定的,包括端点,但不是在所述范围内的每个pH值下都是稳定的。如在此所用的,“稳定的”意思是至少大部分复合凝聚层没有解离和释放亲脂性营养素。如在此所用的,将“食品级”限定为由美国食品药品管理局认为对用于食品和饮料产品中是安全的任何物质。示例性阳离子聚合物包括但不限于蛋白质,如乳蛋白,包括乳清蛋白,酪蛋白及其级分,明胶,玉米蛋白,牛血清白蛋白,卵清蛋白,谷物蛋白提取物,例如,来自小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦等的蛋白,植物蛋白,微生物蛋白,豆类蛋白,来自树木坚果的蛋白,来自花生的蛋白和多糖,如壳聚糖。其他示例性阳离子聚合物包括但不限于EudragitE,EudragitE100和EudragitEPO。EudragitE100具有大约150,000的平均分子量,具有以下结构的重复单体:
R=CH3·C4H9
示例性阴离子聚合物包括但不限于多糖,如果胶,角叉菜胶,藻酸酯,黄原胶,改性纤维素,例如,羧甲基纤维素,阿拉伯树胶,印度胶,刺梧桐树胶,黄蓍胶,槐树豆胶,瓜尔豆胶,车前子胶,温柏籽胶,松胶(阿拉伯半乳聚糖),stractan胶,琼脂,丹麦琼脂,改性淀粉,胞外多糖胶,岩藻依聚糖等。示例性复合凝聚层外壳包括明胶和阿拉伯树胶。存在用于形成在此公开的复合凝聚层的相对电荷的聚合物的许多可能组合。阳离子聚合物与阴离子聚合物的重量比可以为约10:1至约1:10,并且优选为约4:1。
当包括在酸性食品或饮料产品中时,例如,具有低于约6.0范围内的pH值的食品或饮料产品,在某些示例性实施方案中,约1.5至约5.0范围内的pH值,在某些示例性实施方案中,约2.8至约4.0范围内的pH值,在此公开的复合凝聚层递送系统提供了包囊亲脂性营养素的稳定分散体。摄入食品或饮料产品时,即,由人或动物食用时,在其中pH通常为约1-4的胃酸性环境中,复合凝聚层递送系统还是稳定的,并且复合凝聚层基本上没有解离。由于亲脂性营养素在胃中基本上保持包囊,从游离亲脂性营养素的打嗝引起的令人不愉快的余味和口臭得到很大程度的减轻。复合凝聚层递送系统基本上在较低的胃肠道例如小肠中以pH-受控方式释放亲脂性营养素,因此提高了包囊亲脂性营养素的生物利用率和整体生理效能。认为较低胃肠道的碱性条件下,例如,通常具有约pH6.0及以上范围内的pH值,并且在某些示例性实施方案中,具有约pH7.0及以上范围内的pH值,由于稳定复合凝聚层外壳的静电力的弱化,触发了复合凝聚层的解离和包囊亲脂性营养素的释放。应当理解在至少某些示例性实施方案中,复合凝聚层可以在大多数的任意系统中以pH-受控方式释放包裹的亲脂性营养素,例如,在体外条件下,如在约6.0及以上,或约7.0及以上的任一个或一个或多个选定的pH值下的单一水分散体。在某些示例性实施方案中,复合凝聚层在体外条件下没有以pH-受控方式释放包裹的亲脂性营养素,但可以在人或动物的较低胃肠道中在如在约6.0及以上或约7.0及以上的任一个或至少一个pH值下经历pH-受控释放,其中其他的生物、化学和/或机械因素作用于复合凝聚层。此外,考虑了根据本发明各个方面的复合凝聚层递送系统将呈现出其他的所需物理特性。例如,考虑了复合凝聚层将具有可接受的口感、口味、香味和外观。
在某些示例性实施方案中,亲脂性营养素包括脂溶性维生素(例如,维生素A、D、E和K),生育三烯酚,叶黄素(例如,番茄红素,黄体素,虾青素和玉米黄素),脂溶性营养补充剂,包括植物甾醇,甾烷醇及其酯,辅酶Q10和泛醌,疏水性氨基酸和肽,精油和提取物,以及脂肪酸。脂肪酸包括,例如,共轭亚麻酸(CLA),ω-6脂肪酸和ω-3脂肪酸。合适的ω-3脂肪酸包括,例如,短链ω-3脂肪酸,如α-亚麻酸(ALA),其源自植物来源,例如,亚麻籽,和长链ω-3脂肪酸,如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。长链ω-3脂肪酸可以源自,例如,海洋或鱼油。可以从各种类型的鱼或海洋动物提取这样的油,如凤尾鱼,细鳞胡瓜鱼,鳕鱼,青鱼,鲭鱼,鲱鱼,鲑鱼,鲨鱼和金枪鱼,或来自海洋植物,如微藻,或其组合。ω-3脂肪酸的其他来源包括肝脏、脑组织和蛋类。
在至少某些示例性实施方案中,将EPA和DHA中的至少一种包括在复合凝聚层递送系统中。作为混合物包括时,EPA与DHA的比例可以根据ω-3脂肪酸的来源(例如,鱼油)、混合ω-3脂肪酸的方式和待生产的食品或饮料产品而改变。EPA:DHA比例将改变至适于特定的应用,并可以包括,例如,0:100,100:0,2:1或3:2。在某些示例性实施方案中,ω-3脂肪酸的混合物包括约55-65%的EPA和约45-35%的DHA。在特定的应用中,EPA:DHA比例为约60:40;然而,考虑了其他比例并且在本发明的范围内。
在某些示例性实施方案中,将上述复合凝聚层递送系统中所需量的亲脂性营养素包括在食品或饮料产品中。可以以各种方式将复合凝聚层递送系统加入食品或饮料产品中,如本领域技术人员已知本发明公开内容益处所知的。在某些示例性实施方案中,将复合凝聚层递送系统与食品或饮料产品充分混合,以提供基本上均匀的分布,例如,稳定的分散体。应当完成混合使得复合凝聚层没有被破坏。如果复合凝聚层受到破坏,可能导致亲脂性营养素的氧化。可以至少部分基于所用营养素的类型和用量,所用成分的粘度,待生产产品的量,流速和成分如复合凝聚层递送系统对剪切力或剪切应力的敏感性来选择混合物用于特定的应用。
食品或饮料产品中包括的亲脂性营养素的量可以根据所需的应用和营养素含量而改变。在一个实施方案中,食品或饮料产品含有橙汁,其包括约5-5000mgω-3脂肪酸/8流体盎司(0.24升)(一份大小)。待加入的量将改变以适于特定的应用,并可以至少部分基于营养价值、口味、保存期、验证的功效水平、具备资格的健康主张及其组合。也考虑了其他的量并且在本发明的范围内。例如,期望提供至少32mgω-3脂肪酸(合并的EPA和DHA)/8流体盎司食品或饮料产品,以满足美国食品药品管理局(FDA)优等来源营养素含量主张要求,或16mg/8流体盎司,以满足FDA良好来源营养素含量主要要求。
使用上述复合凝聚层递送系统包裹亲脂性营养素稳定了亲脂性营养素,保护其免受例如氧化和水解的降解。包括在酸性食品或饮料产品中时,复合凝聚层递送系统在食品或饮料产品的合适保存期期间可以提供稳定的亲脂性营养素分散体。在某些示例性实施方案中,在此公开的包括聚合凝聚层递送系统的最终食品或饮料产品在环境条件下(例如,70°F至80°F的室温和受控光暴露)具有长于一周的保存期,例如,约1-12个月,并可能长达24个月或更长时间,这取决于产品经历的加工水平,包装的类型和用于包装产品的材料。在其他实施方案中,具有复合凝聚层递送系统的成品在冷藏条件下可以具有约12周至长达约20周的保存期。在其他实施方案中,成品可以在冷冻条件下可以长期保存。影响产品保存期的其他因素包括,例如,基础配方的性质(例如,用糖加甜的酸性饮料具有比用阿斯巴甜加甜的酸性饮料更长的保存期)和环境条件(例如,暴露于高温和日照对即饮饮料是有害的)。
在此公开的饮料产品的特定示例性实施方案中包括即饮饮料,饮料浓缩物,浆液,保存期稳定的饮料,冷藏饮料,冷冻饮料等。优选,饮料产品是酸性的,例如,具有低于约pH6.0范围内的pH值,在某些示例性实施方案中,约1.5至约5.0范围内的pH值,或在某些示例性实施方案中,约2.8至约4.0范围内的pH值。饮料产品包括但不限于,例如,碳酸和非碳酸软饮料,泉水饮料,液体浓缩物,果汁和果汁味饮料,运动饮料,能量饮料,强化/加强的水饮料,大豆饮料,蔬菜饮料,谷物基饮料(例如,麦芽饮料),发酵饮料(例如,酸奶和酸乳酒),咖啡饮料,茶饮料,乳饮料及其混合物。示例性果汁来源包括柑桔类水果,例如,橙子,葡萄柚,柠檬和酸橙,浆果,例如,酸果蔓,覆盆子,蓝莓和草莓,苹果,葡萄,菠萝,李子,梨,桃,樱桃,芒果和石榴。饮料产品包括瓶装,罐装和纸盒产品和泉水用糖浆应用。
在此公开的食品的某些示例性实施方案包括发酵食品,酸奶,酸奶油,干酪,salsa,ranchdip,水果沙司,果冻,果酱,果脯等。优选,食品是酸性的,例如,具有低于约pH6.0范围内的pH值,在某些示例性实施方案中,约1.5至约5.0范围内的pH值,或在某些示例性实施方案中,约2.8至约4.0范围内的pH值。本发明公开内容中别处讨论的所有变化、替换、选择等适用于本发明的食品实施方案,例如,任何公开的含有任何比例的任何阳离子或阴离子聚合物的复合凝聚层,任何亲脂性和任何粒径可以以适于应用于食品的任意组合用于食品实施方案中。
食品或饮料产品可以任选包括其他另外的成分。任选另外的成分包括,例如,维生素,矿物质,甜味剂,调味剂,着色剂,可食颗粒,增稠剂,乳化剂,酸化剂,电解质,消泡剂,蛋白质,碳水化合物,防腐剂及其混合物。还可以考虑其他成分。可以在加工过程中的各个点将成分加入,包括在巴氏杀菌之前或之后,以及在添加复合凝聚层递送系统之前或之后。
在至少某些示例性实施方案中,可以将食品和饮料产品巴氏杀菌。巴氏杀菌方法可以包括,例如,超高温(UHT)处理和/或高温短时(HTST)处理。UHT处理包括将食品或饮料产品接受高温,如通过直接蒸汽注入或蒸汽灌注,或通过在热交换器中间接加热。通常,将产品巴氏杀菌后,可以按照特定产品组成/构造和/或包装填充应用的需要将产品冷却。例如,在一个实施方案中,将食品或饮料产品接受加热至约185°F(85℃)至约250°F(121℃),持续短的时间段,例如,约1至60秒,然后对于冷藏产品快速冷却至约36°F(2.2℃)+/-10°F(5℃),对于保存期稳定或冷藏产品,冷却至环境温度,对于保存期稳定产品的热罐装应用,冷却至约185°F(85℃)+/-10°F(5℃)。通常在密闭系统中进行巴氏杀菌处理,使得没有将食品或饮料产品暴露于大气或其他可能的污染源。其他巴氏杀菌或灭菌技术也是有用的,如例如,无菌或蒸馏处理。此外,可以按照食品或饮料产品或成分的需要,连续或平行地进行多个巴氏杀菌处理。
此外,可以将食品和饮料产品进行后加工。通常在加入复合凝聚层递送系统后进行后加工。后加工可以包括,例如,将产品冷却并将其装入用于包装和运输的容器中。后加工还可以包括将食品脱气至低于4.0ppm氧,优选低于2.0ppm,更优选低于1.0ppm氧。然而,可以在加工之前,巴氏杀菌之前,与复合凝聚层递送系统混合之前和/或在加入复合凝聚层递送系统的同时进行脱气和其他后加工任务。此外,在产品中间加工和最终包装过程中可以维持惰性气体(例如,氮气或氩气)顶部空间。另外/替换地,可以在最终包装中使用氧或UV辐射屏蔽和/或除氧剂。
以下实施例是本发明的特定实施方案,但不是用来限制其。
实施例1
使用以下方法制备复合凝聚层递送系统。制备25mL2%重量阿拉伯树胶的水溶液。将高ω-3脂肪酸鱼油(1.3mL)加入25mL阿拉伯树胶溶液中。将混合物超声波处理两分钟,交替脉冲打开1秒钟和关闭1秒钟,以形成水包油型乳液。然后,将100mL预加热至50℃的2%重量A型明胶水溶液缓慢加入乳液中,同时在500rpm下搅拌混合物。将温度维持在50℃,使用0.1M磷酸将pH降至4.8至5.0。然后将混合物在冰浴中冷却。一旦温度达到5-10℃,使用另一个部分的0.1M磷酸将pH降至4.0至4.5,使得形成包裹鱼油小滴的阳离子明胶和阴离子阿拉伯树胶的凝聚层复合物。复合凝聚层的粒径大约2.0至约3.0μm。
应当注意到实施例1中的超声波处理可以用高速均质来替代或补充。
实施例2
将高ω-3脂肪酸鱼油(1.3mL)加入25mL0.4%重量改性淀粉的水溶液中,该溶液含有0.83%聚乙烯醇,使用柠檬酸盐缓冲液将其pH预先调节至2.6。按照实施例1中所述的相同方式将混合物超声波处理两分钟。然后,将5ml0.5%重量乳清蛋白的水溶液(10mM柠檬酸盐缓冲液中,pH2.6)加入混合物中,并另外再超声波处理30秒钟。因此,所形成的复合凝聚层的粒径为约0.5-1μm。
应当注意到实施例2中的改性淀粉可以全部或部分由阿拉伯树胶和/或其他阴离子聚合物替代。实施例2中的乳清蛋白可以全部或部分由壳聚糖、明胶和/或其他阳离子聚合物替代。实施例2中的聚乙烯醇可以全部或部分由改性淀粉、聚乙二醇、麦芽糖糊精DE5、瓜尔豆胶和/或羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)替代。此外,应当注意到实施例2中改性淀粉的浓度可以提高至4%重量或更高。
此外,应当注意到实施例1和2中的酸可以选自其他有机和无机酸,如,例如,磷酸、抗坏血酸、醋酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、葡萄糖酸δ-内酯、琥珀酸及其任意组合。
实施例3
通过从系统中全部的油减去未包裹的油来估算实施例2中所产生的包囊油的量。为了提取未包裹的游离油,将颗粒悬浮液与己烷以1:1比例混合并在14,000rpm下旋转15分钟。然后收集己烷层并按照实施例4和5中所述的进行分析。如下提取系统中全部的油(包裹的油和未包裹的游离油)。使用1NNaOH溶液使颗粒悬浮液为pH6.7-6.8,并加热至50℃来溶解围绕油小滴覆盖的凝聚层。将悬浮液与己烷以1:1比例混合并在14,000rpm下旋转15分钟。然后收集己烷层并按照实施例4和5中所述的进行分析。
实施例4
将5ml甲基化试剂(BCl3-甲醇)加入2ml按照实施例3中所述所收集的己烷层中,通过振荡充分混合,然后置于加热块中将在60℃下加热10分钟。使甲基化溶液回至室温,使用涡旋混合机混合1分钟,并静置直至两层分开(己烷和水)。将上层转移至玻璃瓶中,在GC/MS分析之前,向其中加入等体积的内标物(己烷中0.01mg/ml肉桂酸甲酯)。
实施例5
使用Agilent5973NGC/MS分析甲基化的ω-3脂肪酸。将1μl的每种样品注射至编程持续5分钟的柱上(RestekRtx-1,Crossbond100%二甲基聚硅氧烷,30mx250μmx1.00μm),溶剂延迟在100℃,接着以20℃/分钟加热至250℃,保持在250℃5分钟,然后以20℃/分钟加热至320℃。将氦用作载体气体,并且以1ml/分钟流动。
实施例6
按照实施例1中的相同方式制备复合凝聚层递送系统,通过用5%重量的改性淀粉水溶液来替代阿拉伯树胶,并且用0.5%重量的乳清蛋白水溶液来替代明胶。不管用改性淀粉或是用乳清蛋白开始,没有观察到明显的差异。
实施例7
按照实施例1中的相同方式制备复合凝聚层递送系统,将增重剂加入鱼油中来提高其密度。示例性增重剂其中包括酯胶,蔗糖醋酸异丁酸酯和溴化植物油。
实施例8
按照实施例1中的相同方式制备复合凝聚层递送系统,加入5%重量的聚乙烯醇水溶液。
实施例9
按照实施例1中的相同方式制备复合凝聚层递送系统,用0.083%重量的壳聚糖水溶液,0.33%重量的改性淀粉水溶液和0.67%重量的聚乙烯醇水溶液替代明胶和阿拉伯树胶溶液。
实施例10
EudragitE聚合物可以用作实施例1和2中的阳离子聚合物。在这种情况下,首先将EudragitE聚合物溶解于乙醇中,然后将乙醇溶液加入pH预先调节至低于pH5.0的凝聚系统中。一旦复合凝聚层形成,通过超滤除去系统中90-95%的乙醇。或者,可以将EudragitE聚合物溶解于任何其他水溶性有机溶剂中,如,例如,其他醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺。或者,可以将EudragitE聚合物溶解于pH低于pH5.0的酸性水溶液中。可以使用各种有机和无机酸制备酸性水溶液,如,例如,磷酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、醋酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、葡萄糖酸δ-内酯、琥珀酸及其任意组合。
为了制备2.0-3.0μm复合凝聚层,制备25mL2%重量阿拉伯树胶的水溶液。将高ω-3脂肪酸(1.3mL)的鱼油加入25mL阿拉伯树胶溶液中。将混合物超声波处理两分钟,交替脉冲打开1秒钟和关闭1秒钟,以形成水包油型乳液。使用0.1M磷酸将pH降至4.0至4.5。然后,将5mL5%重量EudragitE100的乙醇溶液缓慢加入乳液中,同时在500rpm下搅拌混合物。然后通过超滤除去复合物凝聚中没有沉淀的乙醇和聚合物。
实施例11
为了制备0.5-1μm复合凝聚层,将高ω-3脂肪酸鱼油(1.3mL)加入25mL0.4%重量改性淀粉的水溶液中,其含有0.83%聚乙烯醇,使用柠檬酸盐缓冲液将其pH预先调节至pH2.6。将混合物超声波处理两分钟,交替脉冲打开1秒钟和关闭1秒钟,以形成水包油型乳液。然后,加入5mL0.5%重量EudragitE100的乙醇溶液并将混合物再超声波处理30秒钟。然后通过超滤除去复合物凝聚中没有沉淀的乙醇和聚合物。
已经参照优选的实施方案描述了本发明。显而易见,对于其他人来说在阅读和理解前面的详细描述后改变和变化将会发生。本发明应被解释为包括所有这样的改进和变化,到它们包括在所附权利要求或其等价物范围内的程度。

Claims (10)

1.含有复合凝聚层的水分散体的复合凝聚层递送系统,其中所述复合凝聚层是基本上未成团的但包含包裹单个核心的单个外壳,所述单个外壳含有至少一种食品级阳离子聚合物和至少一种食品级阴离子聚合物;其中所述核心含有至少一种亲脂性营养素;其中所述复合凝聚层递送系统在摄入时能在较低的胃肠道内以pH-受控方式在pH6.0及以上范围内的一个或多个pH值有效地充分释放亲脂性营养素。
2.权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统,其在1.5至5.0范围内的至少一个pH值是稳定的,或者在2.8至4.0范围内的至少一个pH值是稳定的。
3.权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统,其中亲脂性营养素含有脂肪酸、脂溶性维生素、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、生育三烯酚、类胡萝卜素、叶黄素、番茄红素、黄体素、虾青素、玉米黄素、脂溶性营养补充剂、植物甾醇、甾烷醇及其酯、辅酶Q10、泛醌、疏水性氨基酸和肽、精油和提取物中的至少一种,优选地,其中所述脂肪酸包括共轭亚麻酸(CLA),一种或多种ω-3脂肪酸和一种或多种ω-6脂肪酸中的至少一种,更优选地,其中所述ω-3脂肪酸含有至少二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)中的至少一种,或其中所述ω-3脂肪酸含有55-65%EPA和45-35%DHA。
4.权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统,其中核心进一步含有至少一种增重剂,优选地,其中增重剂含有酯胶、蔗糖醋酸异丁酸酯和溴化植物油中的至少一种。
5.权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统,其中至少大部分的复合凝聚层具有0.1μm至5.0μm范围内的粒径,或其中至少大部分的复合凝聚层具有0.1μm至2.0μm范围内的粒径,或其中至少大部分的复合凝聚层具有0.3μm至0.5μm范围内的粒径,或其中阳离子聚合物含有乳蛋白、乳清蛋白、酪蛋白及其级分、明胶、玉米蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白、谷物蛋白提取物、植物蛋白、微生物蛋白、豆类蛋白、来自树木坚果的蛋白、来自花生的蛋白和壳聚糖中的至少一种,或者其中所述阴离子聚合物含有果胶、角叉菜胶、藻酸酯、黄原胶、改性纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、阿拉伯树胶、印度胶、刺梧桐树胶、黄蓍胶、槐树豆胶、瓜尔豆胶、车前子胶、温柏籽胶、松胶,stractan胶、琼脂、丹麦琼脂、改性淀粉、胞外多糖胶和岩藻依聚糖中的至少一种,或其中阳离子聚合物含有明胶且阴离子聚合物含有阿拉伯树胶,或其中阳离子聚合物与阴离子聚合物的重量比为10:1至1:10,或其中阳离子聚合物与阴离子聚合物的重量比为约4:1,或其中单个外壳基本上未交联,或其中单个外壳基本上未胶凝,或其中复合凝聚层基本上未成团。
6.权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统,其中单个外壳是基本上未交联、基本上未胶凝的外壳,其含有重量比为约4:1的明胶和阿拉伯树胶;并且所述核心含有ω-3脂肪酸;
其中所述复合凝聚层具有0.1μm至0.5μm的粒径;
其中所述复合凝聚层递送系统具有2.8至4.0范围内的pH值;和
其中亲脂性试剂是ω-3脂肪酸。
7.含有根据权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统的饮料产品,其中所述饮料产品具有1.5至5.0范围内的pH值。
8.权利要求7的饮料产品,其中所述饮料产品包括即饮饮料,或其中所述饮料产品选自碳酸饮料,非碳酸饮料,泉水饮料,液体浓缩物,果汁,果汁味饮料,运动饮料,能量饮料,强化/加强的水饮料,大豆饮料,蔬菜饮料,谷物基饮料,麦芽饮料,发酵饮料,酸奶饮料,酸乳酒,咖啡饮料,茶饮料,乳饮料及其混合物。
9.含有根据权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统的食品,其中所述食品选自发酵食品,酸奶,酸奶油,干酪,salsa,ranchdip,水果沙司,果冻,果酱和果脯。
10.权利要求1的复合凝聚层递送系统,其中所述阳离子聚合物含有EudragitE、EudragitE100和EudragitEPO中的至少一种,或其中所述阴离子聚合物含有果胶、角叉菜胶、藻酸酯、黄原胶、改性纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、阿拉伯树胶、印度胶、刺梧桐树胶、黄蓍胶、槐树豆胶、瓜尔豆胶、车前子胶、温柏籽胶、松胶,stractan胶、琼脂、丹麦琼脂、改性淀粉、胞外多糖胶和岩藻依聚糖中的至少一种。
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ATE547012T1 (de) 2012-03-15
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