CN105078531B - 用于可再用手术仪器的认证和信息系统 - Google Patents

用于可再用手术仪器的认证和信息系统 Download PDF

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CN105078531B
CN105078531B CN201510229618.XA CN201510229618A CN105078531B CN 105078531 B CN105078531 B CN 105078531B CN 201510229618 A CN201510229618 A CN 201510229618A CN 105078531 B CN105078531 B CN 105078531B
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伊桑·柯林斯
约翰·赫里布
戴维·杜兰特
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Abstract

一种在手术吻合系统中使用的认证和信息系统，其包括构造为多路分配来自手术系统中的多个部件的数据的微处理器。所述认证和信息系统能够包括1线芯片和具有通信连接的联接组件。

Description

用于可再用手术仪器的认证和信息系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年5月7号提交的申请号为61/989,609的美国临时专利申请的权益和优先权，该专利的全部公开通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及具有可再用手柄以及可移除且可替换部件的手术仪器，该可移除且可替换部件诸如为一次性或可替换装载单元。本公开涉及适于在手术设备中使用的印刷电路板。更具体地，本公开涉及一种用于数据经由总线传送的系统的通信协议，该协议消除了对于用于发送来自系统中的各种部件的信息的多根总线的需求。
背景技术
已知在内窥镜手术操作中使用的动力手术仪器。通常而言，这种仪器包括可再用手柄组件，以及有时被称作单次使用装载单元或SULU的可替换且一般一次性部件。接合器组件将装载单元连接至手柄组件，该装载单元能够包括用于同组织相互作用的末端执行器。在手术吻合器的情况下，末端执行器/工具组件能够包括可替换钉仓，可替换钉仓在手术吻合器每次发射之后会被更换。为降低成本并缩短操作时间，手柄组件通常构造成与用于在具有不同特性(例如，厚度和密度)的组织上使用的各种装载单元和/或各种构造的组件联用。例如，不同装载单元可具有不同尺寸的吻合钉和/或吻合钉可布置成不同构造。为确保手柄组件被编程为与所附接的装载单元一起操作，一些装载单元设置有也被称为芯片的集成电路，该集成电路与手柄组件通信以识别装载单元的构造。
有时被称作印刷线路板(PWB)或腐蚀法线路板的印刷电路板(PCB)，广泛用于分散电气部件至操作电路的组装过程中。PCB通常提供了使电信号在系统部件之间互连的既可靠又经济的手段。PCB有各种不同类型，并可以各种方式分类。
PCB使用在其上传导信号的导电通路或信号轨迹而被通常用于机械性支撑和电连接电子部件。典型的PCB包括一层或多层绝缘材料，导电体的图案在该绝缘材料上形成。除了位于PCB上的导电轨迹的图案之外，还可形成金属填充通孔等的图案化阵列以允许各种导电部件之间的层间互连。
根据电路图案表面的数目，PCB可被分为单侧PCB、双侧PCB和多层PCB。PCB可具有执行单重功能或多重功能的电路。
典型的PCB可包括多种电子部件。电子部件形成电子线路的部件并可以多种方式分类。电子部件可被分类为有源或无源。通常而言，有源部件是具有电控制电子或其它带电微粒流动的能力的任意类型电路部件。有源部件的一些实例为晶体管、集成电路(IC)和可控硅整流器(SCR)。不能借助另一电信号控制电流的部件通常被分类为无源部件。无源部件的实例包括电容器、电阻器、感应器、变压器和二极管。其上安装有电气部件的PCB有时被称作印刷电路组件(PCA)或印刷电路板组件(PCBA)。
电信号可在PCB上使用用于控制手术设备的操作。例如，电信号可在PCB上使用用于控制手术吻合钉向组织的递送，并且可用于指示设备例如以便向外科医生提供有关各种组织参数或状况的反馈。一些手术系统包括动力手持式手术设备、手术装载单元(有时被称作一次性装载单元或一次性末端执行器)以及用于将手术装载单元和手术设备选择性互连的接合器。某些类型的接合器能够使手术设备驱动各种构造的手术装载单元的多重功能。
为使手术设备驱动手术装载单元或组件的各种功能以便手术系统能够恰当地执行，控制器可与手术设备关联并构造成接收各种信息，诸如有关接合器的类型和/或装载单元的类型的信息。例如，不同手术装载单元可具有不同尺寸的吻合钉，和/或吻合钉可以布置成不同构造。为确保手术设备被编程为与所附接的手术装载单元一起操作，一些再装载组件设置有也被称为芯片的集成电路，该集成电路与手术设备通信以识别手术装载单元的构造。
为确保手术系统的可靠性，期望确认先前是否已经使用过手术装载单元和接合器，并且如若使用过，则期望计算手术再装载组件已经被使用过多少次。手术装载单元和手术设备之间的数据通信可通过接合器与手术设备之间的接口的物理连接。
期望开发一种在手术系统中使用的、用于高效地且有效地发送来自系统中的各种部件的信息的通信协议。
发明内容
在本公开的一个方案中，一种经由总线传送数据的方法包括：提供能够多路分配发送线路和接收线路的微处理器；提供手术系统中的第一微芯片和第二微芯片，所述第一微芯片和所述第二微芯片中的每个微芯片均构造成提供对所述手术系统中的第一部件和第二部件的认证，所述第一微芯片和所述第二微芯片中的每个微芯片均经由总线而通信地联接至所述微处理器；以及控制通过所述总线的接收模式和发送模式。
所述方法可进一步包括：采用通过所述总线的所述接收模式从所述第一微芯片或所述第二微芯片接收至少一个信号。接收至少一个信号包括利用所述微处理器选择所述接收模式。所述方法可进一步包括：采用通过所述总线的所述发送模式向所述第一微芯片或所述第二微芯片发送至少一个信号。发送至少一个信号可包括利用所述微处理器选择所述发送模式。
所述方法可进一步包括提供连接至所述微处理器的第三微芯片，所述第三微芯片具有数据线和地线。
所述方法可进一步包括从所述第一微芯片或所述第二微芯片接收至少一个信号，包括接通所述第一微芯片的地线或所述第二微芯片的地线。所述方法可进一步包括从所述第一微芯片或所述第二微芯片发送至少一个信号，包括断开所述第一微芯片的地线或所述第二微芯片的地线。
在另一方案中，一种经由总线传送数据的方法包括：利用微芯片认证手术部件，所述微芯片经由总线通信地联接至能够多路分配发送线路和接收线路的微处理器；以及控制通过所述总线的接收模式和发送模式。
认证可包括利用所述微芯片。认证可进一步包括利用所述微芯片的1线数据接口。
所述方法可进一步包括：采用通过所述总线的所述接收模式从所述手术部件接收至少一个信号。采用通过所述总线的所述接收模式从所述手术部件接收至少一个信号可包括接通所述微芯片的地线。所述微处理器可被用于选择所述接收模式。
所述方法可进一步包括：采用通过所述总线的所述发送模式向所述微处理器发送至少一个信号。采用通过所述总线的所述发送模式向所述微处理器发送至少一个信号可包括断开所述微芯片的地线。采用通过所述总线的所述发送模式向所述微处理器发送至少一个信号可进一步包括利用所述微处理器来选择所述发送模式。
在某些实施例中，所述手术部件具有第二微芯片。所述微处理器可为用于手术系统的控制器的一部分，所述手术部件是所述手术系统的一部分。
在另一方案中，一种手术系统，包括：具有控制器的手柄组件，所述控制器具有至少一个程序；接合器组件；以及装载单元，其具有工具组件和具有芯片的至少一个芯片组件，所述芯片存储指示所述工具组件是否关节式运动的数据，所述控制器包括构造成用于多路分配来自所述芯片的数据的微处理器。
所述控制器可读取所述数据，并且在所述数据指示所述装载单元未进行关节式运动的情况下不驱动所述接合器组件和/或装载单元中的关节式运动连杆。
在又一方案中，一种手术系统，包括：具有控制器的手柄组件，所述控制器具有至少一个程序；接合器组件；以及装载单元，其具有工具组件和具有芯片的至少一个芯片组件，所述芯片存储指示用于所述装载单元的最大驱动力的数据，所述控制器包括构造用于多路分配来自所述芯片的数据的微处理器。
所述控制器可被编程为读取所述数据，并且还被编程为读取来自传感器的驱动力，其中在所述驱动力指示已达到最大驱动力的情况下所述控制器不驱动所述接合器组件和/或装载单元中的构件。
所述控制器可被编程为读取所述数据，并且还被编程为读取来自传感器的驱动力，其中在所述驱动力指示已达到最大驱动力的情况下所述控制器以缓慢模式工作。
所述芯片还可存储有关装载单元的类型的信息。所述装载单元可包括能移除且能替换的吻合钉钉仓组件。所述能移除且能替换的吻合钉钉仓组件可包括存储关于所述吻合钉钉仓组件的数据的芯片。
附图说明
当结合附图时，鉴于以下详细说明，本公开的上述和其他方面、特征和优势将变得更为显而易见，在附图中：
图1是根据本公开实施例的、与芯片组件一起使用的手术吻合设备的立体图；
图2是图1的手术吻合设备的立体图，其以分离构造示出了手柄组件、接合器组件和装载单元；
图3是图1中所示的手术吻合设备的装载单元的近侧端部和接合器组件的远侧端部的视图；
图4是图3中所示的装载单元的近侧端部和接合器组件的远侧端部的放大视图；
图5是图3中所示的装载单元的近侧端部和接合器组件的远侧端部的另一放大视图；
图6是图3中所示的装载单元的近侧端部的放大分解视图，其中装载单元和认证板分离；
图7是图3中所示的装载单元的近侧端部的放大部分分解视图，其中认证板盖与装载单元分离；
图8是图3中所示的装载单元的近侧端部的放大视图；
图9是根据本公开实施例的认证板组件的立体图；
图10是认证板接触件的立体图；
图11是图3中所示的接合器组件的远侧端部的放大分解视图，其中接合器组件和接合器板分离；
图12是图11中所示的接合器板的放大视图；
图13是图11中所示的接合器板的另一放大视图；
图14是图11中所示的接合器板的又一放大视图；
图15是图3中所示的接合器组件的侧剖视图，其示出接合器组件与装载单元分离；
图16是图15中所示的指示区域的放大视图，其示出接合器板与认证板分离；
图17是图3中所示的接合器组件的侧剖视图，其示出接合器组件与装载单元接合；
图18是图17中所示的指示区域的放大视图，其示出接合器板与认证板接合；
图19是图3中所示的接合器组件的剖视轴向图，其示出接合器组件与装载单元分离；
图20是图3中所示的接合器组件的剖视轴向图，其示出装载单元插入到接合器组件中；
图21是图3中所示的接合器组件的剖视轴向图，其示出装载单元与接合器组件接合；
图22是根据本公开的另一实施例的手术吻合设备的立体图；
图23是根据本公开的实施例的装载单元的立体图；
图24是以零件处于分离状态示出的图23的装载单元；
图25是板组件的详细立体图；
图26是图25的板组件的另一详细立体图；
图27是芯片组件的详细立体图；
图28是图27的芯片组件的另一详细立体图；
图29是根据本公开的实施例的支撑板的详细立体图；
图30是图25至图28的芯片组件和板组件的立体图；
图31是图25至图28的芯片组件和板组件的另一立体图；
图32是根据本公开的实施例的吻合钉钉仓组件的俯视立体图；
图33是具有运送楔的图32的吻合钉钉仓组件的俯视立体图；
图34是图33的运送楔的仰视立体图；
图35是根据本公开的实施例的锁闭组件的详细立体图；
图36是示出吻合钉钉仓组件的图32的装载单元的立体图；
图37是装载单元移除了砧座和运送楔后的俯视图；
图38是吻合钉钉仓组件的支撑板的近侧部的立体图；
图39是装载单元的通道的近侧部的立体图；
图40是装载单元的剖视图；
图41是零件处于分离状态的装载单元的芯片组件的立体图；
图42是装载单元的近侧部的立体图；
图43是芯片组件的立体图；
图44是装载单元的近侧部的立体图；
图45是芯片组件的另一立体图；
图46是根据本公开的实施例的锁闭组件的详细立体图；
图47是根据本公开的实施例的锁闭机构的另一详细立体图；
图48是经由驱动梁的剖视图；
图49是锁闭机构的另一详细立体图；
图50是零件处于分离状态的立体图，其示出了锁定件、滑块和安装部；
图51是锁定件的立体图；
图52是移除一些零件后的装载单元的立体图，其示出了锁闭机构；
图53是零件处于分离状态的锁闭机构的立体图，其示出了驱动梁；
图54是纵向穿过装载单元截取的剖视图；
图55是图54的详细视图，其示出了锁定件和动态夹紧构件；
图56是驱动梁、动态夹紧构件和滑块的侧视图；
图57是驱动梁、动态夹紧构件和滑块在驱动梁和动态夹紧构件被推进的情况下的侧视图；
图58是根据本公开的实施例的手术系统的立体图；
图59是根据本公开的实施例的印刷电路板(PCB)的电路图；
图60是根据本公开的实施例的PCB的电路图；
图61是示出根据本公开的实施例的经由总线传送数据的方法的流程图；以及
图62是示出断开联接的联接组件的立体图，其示出了能旋转驱动连接器和通信连接器。
具体实施方式
此后参照附图描述本公开的具体实施例；然而，应当理解，所公开的实施例仅仅是本公开的实例，本公开可采用多种方式实施。熟知和/或重复的功能和结构并未详细描述以避免以不必要或多余的细节使得本公开模糊不清。因此，本文所公开的具体的结构性和功能性细节不能被解释为限定，而是仅仅作为权利要求的基础和用于教导本领域技术人员以实质上任意合适的详细结构来不同地使用本公开的代表性基础。正如本领域所常见的，术语“近侧”指代较靠近用户或操作者(即，外科医生或临床医生)的零件或部件，而术语“远侧”指代较远离用户的零件或部件。此外，正如在说明书和权利要求中所使用的，参考方位的术语，例如“顶”、“底”“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等参考本文所示出和描述的附图和特征来使用。应当理解，根据本公开的实施例可不受限制的以任何方位实施。在该说明书以及在附图中，相同附图标记表示可执行相同、相似或等同功能的元件。现将参照附图详细描述当前公开的芯片组件的实施例，其中，相同附图标记在若干附图的每幅图中指代相同或对应的元件。本文使用词语“示例性”的意思是“用作实例、例子或示例”。本文描述为“示例性”的任意实施例并不一定被理解为比其他实施例优选或有利。词语“实例”可与术语“示例性”互换性地使用。
本说明书可以使用词组“在一个实施例中”、“在多个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”或“在其他实施例中”，其均可指代根据本公开的相同或不同实施例中的一个或多个。
正如在该说明书中所使用的，“印刷电路板”(或“PCB”)或“电路板”通常指代(除了别的之外)为电气设备和/或部件提供机械支撑、为这些电气部件和在这些电气部件之间提供电连接、它们的组合等的系统。为了本文中的目的，术语“印刷电路板”是可与术语“印刷线路板”互换的，并且上述任何一个在本文中由首字母缩略词PCB表示。
首先参照图1和图2，根据本公开的包括认证系统的手术吻合仪器总体示出为吻合器10。吻合器10包括手柄组件12、从手柄组件12朝远侧伸出的接合器组件14，以及被选择性地稳固至接合器组件14的远侧端部的装载单元16。在公开号为2012/0089131的共有美国专利申请中提供了对手柄组件12、接合器组件14和装载单元16的详细描述，该专利的全部内容通过引用并入于此。
手柄组件12包括下壳体部17、从下壳体部17延伸出和/或被支撑在下壳体部17上的中间壳体部18，以及从中间壳体部18延伸出和/或被支撑在中间壳体部18上的上壳体部19。中间壳体部18和上壳体部19被分成远侧半段20a和近侧半段20b，远侧半段20a与下壳体部17整体形成并从其延伸出，近侧半段20b通过任意合适的附接方式同远侧半段20b联结，附接方式诸如但不限于超声波焊接和/或多个紧固件。当联结时，远侧半段20a和近侧半段20b形成手柄壳体21，手柄壳体21在其中限定了腔室，该腔室容纳包括控制器21a的电路板和驱动机构(未示出)。
下壳体部17包括与其枢转连接的门13，用于进入在下壳体部17中所形成的腔室，所述腔室用于将电池(未示出)保持在其中。可以想到，吻合器10可由任意数量的电源提供动力，例如但不限于，诸如为燃料电池、连接至外部能源的电源线等等。
接合器组件14包括位于其近侧端部处的驱动联接器22和位于其远侧端部处的装载单元联接器15。上壳体部19的远侧半段20a限定了鼻状部或连接部11，其构造成操作性地接收接合器组件14的驱动联接器22。装载单元16包括接合器联接器27，其构造成操作性地接收接合器组件14的装载单元联接器15。
手柄壳体21的上壳体部19封装驱动机构(未示出)，该驱动机构构造成驱动轴和/或齿轮部件(未示出)以便执行吻合器10的各种操作。具体地，该驱动机构构造成驱动轴和/或齿轮部件以便选择性地使装载单元16的工具组件或末端执行器23相对于装载单元16的近侧主体部24移动、使装载单元16相对于手柄壳体21绕着纵向轴线“X-X”(图1)旋转、使砧座组件25相对于装载单元16的钉仓组件26移动，和/或发射位于装载单元16的钉仓组件26内的吻合和切割钉仓。
图1至图21中所示的装载单元16是线性手术吻合装载单元。该装载单元包括吻合砧座，其具有用于使手术吻合钉成形的凹陷部，该手术吻合钉通过手术系统中的装载单元的操作来抵靠吻合砧座被驱动。吻合钉钉仓容纳手术吻合钉，以及吻合钉发射和/或驱动组件。该吻合钉发射和/或驱动组件是已知的。专利号为8,256,656和7,044,353的美国专利中描述了一种这样的组件，这些专利的全部公开通过引用合并于此。该驱动组件包括具有刀片的细长驱动梁。该驱动梁推动具有用于同推动件相互作用的楔形表面的致动滑块。该推动件支撑吻合钉并具有凸轮形表面，从而在滑块以纵向方式被推进穿过吻合钉钉仓时，滑块楔形表面抵靠凸轮形表面滑动，朝上驱动推动件。
可以想到，装载单元具有分别用于支撑砧座和吻合钉钉仓的钳夹构件。砧座钳夹构件和吻合钉钉仓钳夹构件能够靠近来夹紧介于它们之间的组织。还可想到，末端执行器能够自由近侧主体部24限定的纵向轴线远离轴线进行关节式运动或枢转。
可以想到，装载单元可为圆形手术吻合单元、其他类型的吻合单元，或者是其他类型的手术末端执行器，诸如电烙器、切除器、超声波等。
参照图3、图4和图5，接合器组件14的装载单元联接器15构造成经由推动和扭转或卡口式布置而操作性地接合装载单元16的接合器联接器27。接合器联接器27包括一个或多个卡口突块28，其构造成与对应的一个或多个卡口通道29配接，一个或多个卡口通道29限定在由接合器组件14的装载单元联接器15所提供的卡口套圈48中。短连杆构件44和负载连杆构件45纵向布置在接合器组件14内并构造成在吻合器10的操作期间纵向(例如，朝远侧和朝近侧)平移。布置在短连杆构件44的远侧端部处的凸轮部55通过弹簧49a被向远侧驱使抵靠卡口通道29。为将装载单元16与接合器组件14接合，装载单元16的接合器联接器27被插入到接合器组件14的装载单元联接器15中并被旋转。进而，卡口套圈48与接合器联接器27协作地旋转。随着卡口套圈48旋转，凸轮部55滑离卡口通道29，从而引起短连杆构件44朝远侧平移，这又引起形成在短连杆构件44中的开关凸起47致动开关46。开关46与控制器21a处于操作性电连通并构造成向其传达装载单元16和接合器组件14之间的接合状态。
现转向图6至图10，装载单元16的接合器联接器27包括认证板组件30，其构造成稳固地安装在于接合器联接器27中所限定的凹陷部31内。认证板组件30位于接合器联接器27内，以使得当装载单元16被稳固至接合器组件14时，认证板组件30接合安装在接合器组件的装载单元联接器15内的接合器板组件50(图11)。更具体地，认证板组件30包括电路板37、一对接触构件40a、40b(集体为接触构件40)以及芯片36。电路板37限定了大致平坦细长构件，其构造成被稳固地接纳在由接合器联接器27限定的凹陷部31内。芯片36与接触构件40电连通。电路板37的远侧端部37a支撑芯片36，并且电路板37的近侧端部37b支撑接触构件40。电路板37的远侧端部37a包括限定于其中的对齐槽口33，其构造成接合设置于凹陷部31的远侧端部处的对应的对齐块32以确保将认证板组件30稳固并准确定位在接合器联接器27内。
芯片36包括能够存储装载单元16的明细并将该明细发送至手柄组件12的任意芯片，所述明细例如但不限于钉仓尺寸、吻合钉布局、吻合钉长度、夹距、生产日期、有效日期、兼容特性、唯一标识符(例如，序列号)和/或使用次数。在一些实施例中，芯片36包括可擦可编程只读存储器(“EPROM”)芯片。通过这种方式，手柄组件12可根据由芯片36发送而来的装载单元16的明细而调整发射力、发射行程和/或其其他操作特性。可进一步想到，芯片36可包括写入能力，其允许手柄组件12向芯片36告知相关装载单元16已经被使用，这样能够防止已用完的再装载组件的再装载或再使用，或任意其他未授权使用。
在一些实施例中，芯片36包括安全认证芯片，诸如但不限于加利福尼亚州圣何塞(San Jose,California)的Maxim Integrated所制造的具有1线SHA-256和512位用户EEPROM(1-Wire SHA-256 and 512-Bit User EEPROM)的DS28E15 DeepCover安全认证器。在这些实施例中，芯片36的内容以及芯片36和手柄组件12之间的通信被加密以防止未经授权的访问。通过这种方式，有效地阻碍了低质假冒产品、再制造的装载单元或“仿制”装载单元的使用，这样通过确保在手术操作期间仅使用新的、认证装载单元16进而降低了对患者的风险。此外，大大降低了医疗设备和/或外科医生可能不知情地使用假冒装载单元的可能性，因此降低了社会提供医疗服务的整体成本。在一些实施例中，芯片36利用“1-线”通信接口，由此采用单根信号导线，与接地导线一起用于芯片36和手柄组件12之间的双向串行通信。
接触组件38(图9、图10)包括通过接触基部59联结的短接触臂41和长接触臂42，并具有大致细长的U形构造。短接触臂41包括第一接触构件40a，其正交地布置并固定至短接触臂41的近侧端部的上部。长接触臂42包括第二接触构件40b，其正交地布置并固定至长接触臂42的近侧端部的上部。短接触臂41和长接触臂42各自包括焊片39，其正交地布置并固定至短接触臂41的远侧端部的下部和长接触臂42的远侧端部的下部。焊片39通过例如焊接、导电性胶粘剂和/或其他合适的技术而机电地联结至电路板37的近侧端部37b。
接合器联接器27包括从其近侧端部径向延伸出的突起式接触支撑件34并且包括限定在该支撑件34中的一对支台35a、35b，该对支台35a、35b构造成当认证板组件30位于接合器联接器27的凹陷部31内时，分别接纳第一接触构件40a和第二接触构件40b。盖43构造成将认证板组件30封装并固持在接合器联接器27的凹陷部31内(图7和图8)。
在一些实施例中，短接触臂41和第一接触构件40a通过接触基部59与长接触臂42和第二接触构件40b电绝缘。在这些实施例中，短接触臂41和长接触臂42分别包含独立的电路，例如，短接触臂41包含信号电路而长接触臂42包含接地电路。在其他实施例中，短接触臂41和第一接触构件40a同长接触臂42和第二接触构件40b电联结。在这些实施例中，短接触臂41和长接触臂42以分叉或冗余模式工作来包含信号电路，而接地电路通过装载单元16、接合器单元14和/或手柄组件12的其他导电部件而被包含。
正如上面所提到的，认证板组件30构造成当装载单元16被稳固至接合器组件14时接合安装在装载单元联接器15内的接合器板组件50。现参照图11至图14，装载单元联接器15包括接合器板组件50，其构造成浮动地安装在限定于装载单元联接器15中的凹穴60内。接合器板组件50位于装载单元联接器15内，以使得当装载单元16被稳固至接合器组件14时，接合器板组件50接合认证板组件30。
接合器板组件50包括电路板51，电路板51具有固定至其的一对接触构件55a、55b(集体为接触构件55)并与手柄组件12操作性连通。在所示的实施例中，接触构件55a、55b布置成用于在横向上(例如，与吻合器10的纵向轴线“X-X”横切)有效接合，从而适应如本文所述的装载单元16和接合器组件14的旋转联接。
电路板51包括上表面51a、下表面51b、近侧端部51c和远侧端部51d。电路板51限定了大致平坦细长构件，其构造成弹性地或浮动地接纳在由装载单元联接器15限定的凹穴60内。弹簧夹52固定至电路板51的近侧端部51c并构造成将接合器板组件50支撑在凹穴60内。弹簧夹52包括具有翼形构造的一对弹簧支撑件54，该对弹簧支撑件54构造成防止弹簧夹52过度伸展并为其提供刚度。接合器板组件50包括具有宽的、弯曲u形轮廓的弹簧53，其布置在电路板51的上表面51a上。在一些实施例中，弹簧夹52和弹簧53可整体形成。弹簧夹52和/或弹簧53可被电路板51的近侧端部51c中所限定的槽口62绝对对齐并由其支撑。电路板51包括限定于其中的一个或多个通孔56，一个或多个通孔56可被用以在电路板51的上表面51a和下表面51b之间形成导电通路。
当接合器板组件50安装在凹穴60内时，弹簧53施加压力于接合器组件14的外管57(图15、图16)。在使用时，接合器板50通过弹簧53和通过侧弹簧夹52而被朝向认证板组件30弹簧偏置，使得当装载单元16和接合器组件14联结时，装载单元16和接合器组件14之间的任何制造公差得以通过接合器板50在凹穴60内的浮动弹簧装配的接合而补偿。通过这种方式，在接合器板50的接触构件55与认证板组件30的接触构件40之间的可靠连接得以始终实现，从而在芯片36与手柄组件12之间提供坚固耐用的通信链路。在实施例中，接触组件38、接触件40和/或接触件55至少部分地由导电材料(诸如但不限于铍铜)制成。
现转向图15至图21，示出了接合器板组件50与认证板组件30之间的相互作用。如图15、图16和图19中所示，接合器板50通过弹簧夹52保持在装载单元接合器15内。弹簧53施加压力于支撑外管57以将接合器板50朝向镗孔61向内偏置，使得接触构件55延伸到镗孔61中。当接合器联接器27被完全插入到装载单元接合器15的镗孔61中时，接合器联接器27与装载单元联接器15的初始旋转定向为使得认证板30的接触构件40和接合器板50的接触构件55大致间隔45°(图20)。当装载单元16相对于接合器组件14旋转时，认证板30的接触构件40被带入到与接合器板50的接触构件55接合。有利地，当接触构件30与接合器板50的配合接触构件55接合时，装载单元16的接合器联接器27的接触支撑件34为接触构件30提供径向支撑。此外，弹簧53施加压力于外管57，这样使得接合器板50相对于认证板30和装载单元联接器15浮动，从而补偿各个部件之间的制造差异并提供认证板30和接合器板50之间的可靠连接。
可以想到，像装载单元16这样的装载单元可以具有可移除且可替换的吻合钉钉仓组件。根据本公开的实施例，在图22至图57中示出了吻合系统，具有同上面所论述的手柄组件12类似的动力手柄组件112。该手柄组件如上面所讨论地那样被构造并具有控制器121a。该吻合系统包括接合器组件114和装载单元116，接合器组件114和装载单元116均可如上面所讨论的那样进行构造。装载单元为线性吻合装载单元，但是可想到其他类型的装载单元。正如上面所讨论的，装载单元116具有驱动组件，该驱动组件用于将吻合钉发射到夹在砧座钳夹构件111和吻合钉钉仓钳夹构件113之间的组织中。
支撑在吻合钉钉仓钳夹构件113中的是可移除且可替换的吻合钉钉仓组件115。于2011年10月25日提交的申请号为13/280,880的美国专利申请(被公开为US 2013-0098965A1)中公开了一种可移除且可替换的吻合钉钉仓组件，该专利的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
本公开的装载单元116构造成使用一次以上。具体地，该装载单元具有可移除的吻合钉钉仓组件115，其包括上面所讨论的吻合钉钉仓和驱动组件。可移除组件116构造成被移除并替换(例如，在从其发射了吻合钉或其他手术紧固件之后)。所示的装载单元116包括可附接至接合器组件114的近侧主体部118。然而，本公开的装载单元的特征能够合并到如下的手术仪器中：该手术仪器并不包括该仪器的细长部的可拆除部分。
装载单元500包括限定了纵向轴线“A-A”的近侧主体部118。钳夹构件包括砧座钳夹构件111和钉仓钳夹构件113。钳夹构件之一可相对于另一个钳夹构件枢转以使得能够夹紧在钳夹构件之间的组织。在所示的实施例中，钉仓钳夹构件113可相对于砧座钳夹构件枢转并可在打开或未夹紧位置与闭合或接近位置之间移动。然而，砧座钳夹构件是能够移动的，或者砧座钳夹构件和钉仓钳夹构件两者都是能够移动的。正如结合图1至图21所讨论的，砧座钳夹构件包括具有多个吻合钉形成凹部的砧座。
钉仓钳夹构件113包括接纳并支撑吻合钉钉仓组件115的通道或承载件120。钉仓组件具有钉仓主体140和支撑板111。如下所讨论的，钉仓主体和支撑板通过搭扣配合连接、止动器(detent)、锁定件或通过另一种类型的连接而附接至通道或承载件120。钉仓组件包括紧固件或吻合钉141。钉仓主体140限定了多个横向间隔开的吻合钉保持狭槽142，它们构造成为开口(参见图32)。每个狭槽构造成将紧固件或吻合钉接纳在其中。钉仓组件还限定了多个凸轮楔形狭槽，它们容纳吻合钉推动件146并且在底部是开口的以允许致动滑块148在如上所讨论地发射吻合钉时纵向地穿过其中。
可移除吻合钉钉仓组件115包括钉仓主体140和支撑板111。可移除组件115可从通道120移除，例如，在吻合钉已被从钉仓主体140发射之后。另一可移除且可替换的吻合钉钉仓组件能够被装载到通道中，以使得装载单元116能够被再次致动从而发射另外的紧固件或吻合钉。
通道120包括用于接合吻合钉钉仓组件和支撑板的一个或一对接合结构120a(诸如狭槽)(参见图39)、用于驱动梁的通过的中央狭槽、用于与砧座钳夹构件连接的一对近侧洞孔150以及倾斜表面152。近侧洞孔150构造成与砧座钳夹构件上的一对对应的洞孔或部件对齐/机械接合。钳夹构件可例如通过销连接以便于砧座钳夹构件111和钉仓钳夹构件113之间的枢转关系。
钉仓主体140包括中央狭槽143以及定位在狭槽143的每侧上的多排吻合钉保持狭槽(参见图32)。钉仓主体还包括一对接合结构或突出部，在某些实施例中，该接合结构或突出部可为邻近钉仓主体的近侧端部的狭槽或开口用于与支撑板111a和/或通道120连接。
具体参照图29，支撑板111a包括底座145、用于与钉仓主体和/或通道连接的接合部件147和147a(参见图38)，以及位于支撑板111a的近侧端部处的安装部149(参见图29)。支撑板111a布置在钉仓主体下面以支撑吻合钉推动件、致动滑块及吻合钉(或其他手术紧固件)并防止这些部件从吻合钉钉仓组件中掉落。
例如，如图41至图45中所示，装载单元可包括安装在近侧主体部118的近侧端部上的芯片组件360。如上所述，芯片组件与上面所讨论的认证板组件30连接。芯片组件360被安装用于与位于接合器组件114的远侧端部上的联接器中的板组件连接，并能够如结合图1至图21上面所讨论地那样进行构造。芯片组件360包括用于认证和信息目的的芯片361，并能够包括存储特定信息的存储器。该信息可包括设备/装载单元的类型、设备/装载单元的版本、装载单元的名称、生产批号、序列号或其他标识号、装载单元的驱动梁能够被驱动的最大力、联锁区(mm)、结束区(mm)、装载单元能否进行关节式运动和/或使用限制(装载单元能够使用的次数)。联锁区是当驱动梁被装载单元中的锁闭件接合时从驱动梁的开始或初始位置起测量的驱动梁的位置(毫米(mm))。结束区是当驱动梁已经到达其在吻合钉钉仓主体140中的行程末端时从驱动梁的开始或初始位置起测量的驱动梁的位置(毫米(mm))。由于吻合钉钉仓组件115能够被移除并替换，所以有意对装载单元能够用新的、未发射的吻合钉钉仓再装载的次数进行限制。存储在芯片上的信息能够包括吻合钉线长度和/或吻合钉钉仓的长度。
手柄组件112中的控制器121a能够被编程为读取芯片361上的信息。这种信息在手术系统的操作中使用。期望的是，对一些或全部信息加密，这能够如上结合图1至图21所讨论地那样来完成。控制器能够被编程为：在序列号或其他数据未被识别的情况下，不向布置在手柄组件112中的马达(未示出)提供动力，并且不使接合器组件和装载单元工作。最大力信息结合手术系统中所布置的负载传感器使用，该负载传感器诸如为应变仪。例如，负载传感器能够布置在接合器组件114和/或装载单元中，诸如位于驱动梁上的负载传感器。控制器能够被编程为将来自负载传感器的数据与存储在芯片上的最大力数据进行比较，以使得例如在超过最大力之前中断马达(未示出)的运转。在另一实例中，控制器能够被编程为在所测量的力达到预定水平的情况下以“缓慢模式”工作。该预定水平的力能够为存储在系统中的芯片(诸如芯片361)上的上面所讨论的最大力，或者是另一水平的力。缓慢模式意味着控制器使马达(未示出)以较慢速率运转，如此产生更多的转矩而且延迟组织的压缩和/或吻合钉的发射。在厚的组织中，缓慢模式能够允许组织中的液体从吻合部位离开，如此促进对组织更大程度的压缩。
通过类似的方式，如果驱动梁布置在联锁区或结束区中，则能够停止马达的运转或使马达以缓慢模式运转。此外，如果芯片361上的数据指示装载单元未进行关节式运动，则控制器能够中断或阻止关节式运动联动件、杆或线缆的操作。
可以想到，具有上面所讨论的一些或全部数据的芯片361能够设置在本文所公开的任意实施例中，包括不具有可移除且可替换吻合钉钉仓组件的装载单元和/或不进行关节式运动的装载单元。
可以想到，芯片361上的信息能够被手柄组件中的控制器、系统中的另一芯片或者手术系统中的任意其他计算机部件读取。
在本文所公开的任意实施例中，控制器能够将信息写到装载单元上的芯片中。例如，如上面所讨论的由负载传感器测量的用以夹紧到组织上的最大力、用于发射吻合钉的最大力和/或驱动梁停止推进时驱动梁的位置等。能够被写到芯片361上的其他信息包括驱动梁在设备进入到缓慢模式中时的位置、装载单元已经被发射的次数、装载单元是否已经被发射、手柄组件的类型、手柄组件的序列号、接合器组件的类型和/或接合器组件的序列号。在本文所公开的任意实施例中，发射吻合钉的最大力能够与驱动梁的位置一起被存储。信息还能够被存储在连接至手柄组件中的控制器的存储器中、系统的其他芯片中或手术系统的其他计算机部件中。
还可想到，在本文所公开的任意实施例中，末端执行器或工具组件被布置用于在第一位置和第二位置之间关节式运动，在第一位置，工具组件同纵向轴线“Y-Y”对齐，在第二位置，工具组件相对于纵向轴线“Y-Y”成角度地布置。例如，包括砧座钳夹构件和钉仓钳夹构件的工具组件，可安装成便于相对于近侧主体部118是能枢转的。砧座钳夹构件和钉仓钳夹构件可附接至安装组件2020(下面进一步讨论)，并且安装组件可被枢转地连接至近侧主体部118。装载单元116包括布置在近侧主体部中的一个或多个线缆或联动件，以便得当线缆或联动件移位时，工具组件相对于仪器枢转并关节式运动。Milliman等人的专利号为6,953,139的共有美国专利中详细描述了提供关节式运动的进一步细节，该专利的全部内容通过引用合并于此。接合器组件114可包括用于实现工具组件的关节式运动的联动件、杆或线缆。
如图32中所示，例如，本文所公开的任意实施例可包括具有阶梯式组织接触表面1412的钉仓主体140。在这种实施例中，可使用不同尺寸的吻合钉或全部相同尺寸的吻合钉。具有多种吻合钉尺寸的吻合钉钉仓的进一步细节包括在Holsten等人的专利号为7,407,075的美国专利中，该专利的全部内容通过引用合并于此。砧座的吻合钉形成凹陷部或者吻合钉推动件或者两者都能够因此构造成形成期望形状和尺寸的吻合钉。
可移除且可替换吻合钉钉仓组件115可进一步包括芯片组件362(参见图27和图28)。相应的板组件380(图25和图26)布置在装载单元116的工具组件上，并可布置在通道120上。工具组件板组件380能够如上所讨论地构造成与接合器联接器27的接合器板组件50连接。工具组件板组件380构造成被稳固地安装在通道120的壁上。该板组件380被定位成使得当钉仓组件140被稳固至装载单元的通道120时，芯片组件362接合安装在通道上的板组件380(参见图29至图31)。图27和图28示出了芯片组件和吻合钉钉仓主体140之间的关系，而图29示出了芯片组件362和支撑板111a之间的关系。
更详细地，芯片组件包括主体337和连接至布置在主体中的芯片336的一对接触构件340a、340b(集体为接触构件340)。主体337限定了具有柔性臂的矩形构件，柔性臂上具有搭扣部件337a。柔性臂构造成被稳固地接纳在于钉仓主体中所限定的凹口331内。芯片336与接触构件340电连通。
芯片336包括能够存储关于吻合钉钉仓组件115的信息的任意芯片。该芯片能够同认证板组件30的芯片相同或类似。在本文所公开的任意实施例中，任意芯片均能够存储信息，诸如但不限于钉仓尺寸、吻合钉布局、吻合钉线长度(或钉仓长度)、生产日期、有效日期、兼容特性、唯一标识符(例如，序列号)和/或使用次数以及吻合钉钉仓组件是否已被使用。这种信息能够通过合适的总线、引线连接、无线方式等发送至手柄组件112中的控制器或另一计算机部件。在一些实施例中，芯片336包括可擦可编程只读存储器(“EPROM”)芯片。手柄组件中的控制器能够将信息写到芯片336上。通过这种方式，根据从芯片336发送而来的关于吻合钉钉仓组件的信息，手柄组件112可调整发射力、发射行程和/或其其他操作特性。手柄组件112能够向芯片336告知吻合钉钉仓组件已经被使用，这能够防止已用完的再装载组件的再装载或再次使用或任意其他未授权使用。存储在手术系统中的任意部件中的信息能够采用专用密钥、公共密钥和/或安全散列算法进行加密。
板组件380还具有一对接触件380a和380b以及主体381。板组件被安装用于在吻合钉钉仓组件被恰当地安装在通道120中时同芯片组件362接触。接触件380a、380b、340a和340b具有能够在图中看到的L形构造以使得它们可相互弹性地接合。主体381能够限定搭扣部件382，搭扣部件382设置成接合通道中的洞孔383以稳固地安装板组件。板组件被适当地连接至总线、导线，或者具有无线通信器用于将信息从芯片组件362发送到手柄组件中的控制器或任意其他计算机设备。
在本文所公开的任意实施例中，锁闭机构500布置在装载单元中。装载单元可如上面所讨论地进行构造。此外，本公开涉及一种具有锁闭件的可移除组件，或者一种具有锁闭件的装载单元。
锁闭机构500包括锁定件2010和至少一个弹簧2030，并且构造成防止吻合钉钉仓组件115或吻合钉钉仓26的再次发射，并且还在已经发射吻合钉钉仓之后及装载另一钉仓组件115之前防止驱动梁的远侧平移。锁闭机构500和滑块148和安装组件2020一起在图50中示出。至少一个弹簧2030安装在面向远侧的表面2031上。例如，凹陷部形成在表面2031中用于接纳弹簧2030。对应的支柱设置在锁定件2010的面向近侧的表面上。该锁定件构造成在装载单元内能够枢转，并包括至少一个叉形件2012、后部2014和支撑部2016。该锁定件构造成围绕着支撑部2016枢转，支撑部2016在图50和图51中示出为两个向下悬垂部件，并且该锁定件由单个或多个弹簧2030偏置。滑块148具有孔或凹口用于在锁定件和驱动梁处于它们的初始位置时接纳至少一个叉形件2012(参见图52)。驱动梁2039能够与动态夹紧构件2040相互作用或者包括动态夹紧构件2040，动态夹紧构件2040具有上凸缘2042、下凸缘2044以及刀片2046(参见图53)。
在初始位置时，锁定件2010沿着前向或远侧方向偏置，同时后部2014接触驱动梁2039上的边缘2039a，如此防止锁定件的进一步旋转移动。随着驱动梁和动态夹紧构件沿着前向或远侧方向移动，动态夹紧构件朝远侧推动滑块。滑块的后部148a推动单个或多个叉形件2012，从而克服至少一个弹簧2030的偏置使锁定件倾斜。这样将后部2014从靠近边缘2039a的区域移除，并且允许驱动梁和动态夹紧构件向前移动。在动态夹紧构件经过锁定件2010之后，锁定件在弹簧的影响下向前旋转(参见图57)。
在动态夹紧构件和滑块已将吻合钉从钉仓140发射之后，动态夹紧构件朝近侧移动，从而将滑块留在钉仓140和钉仓组件115的远侧端部处。当凸轮表面2041使锁定件移出行进路径时(参见图57)，动态夹紧构件能够移动经过锁定件2010。在动态夹紧构件返回到初始位置时，锁定件2010将防止动态夹紧构件2040的另外的向前移动。锁定件后部2014处于接合驱动梁的另一边缘2039b的位置中(参见图57)。如果装载单元是接受可移除且可替换吻合钉钉仓组件115的类型，则钉仓组件115能够构造成使锁定件2010返回到初始位置，以使得驱动梁和动态夹紧构件能够再次朝远侧移动以发射另一组吻合钉。
正如上面所讨论的，本文所公开的任意实施例能够包括位于同装载单元116类似的手术吻合装载单元上的芯片组件360，在其上具有关于诸如为上面所讨论的锁闭机构的锁闭机构的信息。此外，与锁闭机构有关的信息可存储在芯片361上。例如，锁闭机构被接合的事实能够通过手柄中的控制器而记录在芯片组件360和/或芯片组件362中。手柄中的控制器能够包括用于存储信息的存储器(包括处理器)和其他计算机部件。控制器还可包括电流表或安培计，以测量手柄组件的马达中的电流。控制器能够被编程为记录在装载单元和/或吻合钉钉仓组件的使用期间所达到的峰值电流，并能够记录系统中的任意芯片或其他计算机部件上的峰值电流。在已发射吻合钉之后所达到的峰值电流能够指示装载单元在新的吻合钉钉仓组件安装于装载单元中之前被试图二次发射。可选地，锁闭机构能够包括传感器，例如，该传感器诸如位于锁定件上。可以想到，手术系统能够包括并不具有同上面所讨论的锁闭机构相似的锁闭机构的装载单元。装载单元不具有锁闭机构的事实能够被存储在芯片361中。
手柄组件还能够包括编码器，其确定马达输出轴已进行了多少旋转，这能够用于确定接合器组件中的驱动杆、联动件、线缆等的位置、装载单元中的发射杆的位置或其他部件的位置。可选地，可使用其他传感器来确定手术系统中的各个部件的位置。
在本文所公开的任意实施例中，本文所公开的接合器组件能够如在公开号为2011/0174099A1的美国公开申请中所公开地那样进行构造，该专利的全部公开通过引用合并于此。手柄组件中的马达提供旋转轴上的旋转输出，并且接合器构造成将该输出传输至线性移动联动件或杆，并且还能够向装载单元116的近侧主体部118中的关节式运动联动件提供驱动。手柄组件和/或接合器组件能够如公开号为2014/0012289 A1和2014/0110453A1的美国公开申请中所公开地那样进行构造，这些专利的全部公开通过引用合并于此。
结合图1至图57所描述的任意实施例能够包括本文所讨论的协议和/或多路转接器。在本文所公开的任意实施例中，手柄组件或壳体中的马达可为构造成致动一个或多个驱动器(诸如能旋转驱动连接器)的任意电动机。马达联接至电池，电池可为DC电池(例如，可再充电铅基、镍基、锂离子基电池等)、AC/DC变换器或适用于为马达提供电能的任意其他电源。
图58示出了包括手术设备1100的手术系统1010，手术设备1100选择性地可连接至接合器1200，而接合器1200又选择性地可连接至手术装载单元1300。序列号为14/172,109的美国专利申请中公开了这种系统，该专利的全部公开通过引用合并于此。可以想到，各种手术再装载组件1300能够与系统1010联用，包括电外科再装载器、圆形吻合装载单元、线性吻合装载单元、缝合设备等。
接合器1200构造成将手术再装载组件1300的至少一种构造连接至手术设备1100，其中，手术设备1100可提供两种旋转驱动输出，其能够转变成不同的旋转驱动、线性驱动等，以使得能够通过手术设备1100使手术装载单元300的不同构造进行操作。如图58中所示，接合器1200主要包括位于其近侧端部处的近侧联接组件1210和位于其远侧端部处的远侧联接组件1230。
如图58中所示，手术设备1100包括手柄壳体1102，其具有下壳体部1104、从下壳体部1104延伸出和/或支撑在其上的中间壳体部1106以及从中间壳体部1106延伸出和/或支撑在其上的上壳体部1108。手柄壳体1102支撑位于中间壳体部1108的远侧表面或侧部上的扳机壳体1107。上壳体部1108限定了连接部1108a，其构造成接受接合器1200的对应的驱动联接组件1210。手柄壳体1102的下壳体部1104提供了将电池1156可移除地安置其中的壳体。电池1156构造成为手术设备1100的任意电气部件供给电力。下壳体部1104限定了腔室(未示出)，电池1156插入到该腔室中。下壳体部1104包括与其枢转地连接的门1105用于封闭下壳体部1104的腔室并将电池1156保持在该腔室中。
手术装载单元1300主要包括近侧主体部1302和工具组件1304。近侧主体部1302选择性地可连接至接合器1200的远侧联接组件1230，并且工具组件1304枢转地附接至近侧主体部1302的远侧端部。工具组件1304包括砧座组件1306和钉仓组件1308。在图58中所示的实施例中，手术装载单元1300是具有独立地可移除并可替换的钉仓的线性吻合再装载器，并且接合器1200构造成驱动再装载组件1300的各种部件以便夹紧组织、发射吻合钉和切割组织。序列号为13/280,880的美国专利申请中公开了具有可移除且可替换的吻合钉钉仓组件的手术再装载组件的实例，该专利申请的全部公开通过引用合并于此。
手术设备1100包括控制器1080，其含有使手术设备1100、接合器1200和/或手术装载单元1300工作的设备软件。序列号为13/331,047的美国专利申请中描述了与手术系统1010的各种硬件和软件接口的连接以及与控制器1080有关的电连接，该专利的全部公开通过引用合并于此。
当前公开的PCB利用多路复用方案和微处理器来将1-线数据和UART(通用异步接收器/发送器)发送以及UART接收合并到单个机械引脚或其他物理连接器上，以使得能够以一种高效的方式读取来自系统的各种部件中的芯片的数据。在一些实施例中，每个部件中的芯片可为Dallas11线芯片，其具有单根数据线和地线。例如，相对于使用标准拓扑来执行所需要的四根线，当前公开的PCB实施例需要两根线(数据线和地线)。当前公开的通信协议可提高可靠性，因为有较少机械零件会受到腐蚀和/或故障，尤其是在PCB引脚可能暴露于血液中的情况下。本公开的教导可应用于包括总线系统的多种手术设备。
图59和图60示出了PCB，其包括微处理器1020、微芯片1030以及总线1010，总线1010构造成从信号源1120(例如手术设备1100的控制器1080)接收信号。微芯片1030构造成提供设备认证，并可利用1线数据接口。微芯片1030经由总线1010通信地联接至信号源1120并且通信地联接至微处理1020。如所示，微芯片是来自Maxim Integrated的DS28E15芯片，但可使用其他芯片。微处理器1020能够多路分配发送线路和接收线路。可以想到，信号源可为一些其他计算机部件，诸如手术室计算机系统或机器人手术系统。
基于微处理器1020与信号源1120之间的通信，微处理器1020控制总线选择。在一些实施例中，通过利用微芯片1030的地线1012在微处理器1020上多路复用来控制通过总线1010的接收模式和发送模式。为了通过总线1010发送，断开了地线1012，并且微处理器1020选择发送模式。为了通过总线1010接收，接通了地线1012，并且微处理器1020选择接收模式。
下面，根据本公开的经由总线传送数据的方法参照图60进行描述。应当理解，本文所提供的方法的步骤可以组合和以不同于本文所展示的顺序执行而不偏离本公开的范围。
图61为示出根据本公开的实施例的经由总线传送数据的方法的流程图。在步骤1410中，提供了能够多路分配发送线路和接收线路的微处理器1020。
在步骤1420中，提供了构造成提供设备认证的微芯片1030。微芯片1030经由总线1010通信地联接至信号源1120并通信地联接至微处理器1020。微芯片1030可利用1线数据接口。信号源将来自手术系统中的微芯片(例如，诸如装载单元、吻合钉钉仓组件和/或接合器)的合并数据发送至微芯片1030。
在步骤1430中,通过利用微芯片1030的地线1012在微处理器1020上多路复用来控制通过总线1010的接收模式和发送模式。
在步骤1440中，采用通过总线1010的接收模式来从信号源1120接收至少一个信号。在一些实施例中，采用通过总线1010的接收模式来从信号源1120接收至少一个信号包括接通微芯片1030的地线1012。采用通过总线1010的接收模式来从信号源1120接收至少一个信号可进一步包括利用微处理器1020选择接收模式。
在步骤1450中，采用通过总线1010的发送模式发送至少一个信号到信号源1120。在一些实施例中，采用通过总线1010的发送模式发送至少一个信号到信号源1120包括断开微芯片1030的地线1012。采用通过总线1010的发送模式发送至少一个信号到信号源1120可进一步包括利用微处理器1020选择发送模式。
在根据本公开的经由总线传送数据的方法的另一实施例中，该方法包括：利用微芯片1030认证手术设备或手术系统的部件，微芯片1030经由总线1010通信地联接至信号源1120并通信地联接至能够多路分配发送线路和接收线路的微处理器1020；并且通过利用微芯片1030的地线1012在微处理器1020上多路复用来控制通过总线1010的接收模式和发送模式。认证手术设备可包括利用微芯片1030的1线数据接口。
上述PCB的各种实施例利用通过总线的接收模式和发送模式，而通过总线的接收模式和发送模式通过利用构造成提供设备认证的微芯片的地线在微处理器上多路复用来进行控制。
可以想到，能够使用协议和/或多路转接器来将总线减少至两条线而非三条或四条、从四条线减少至三条线等，如此分别将通信连接器或引脚减少至两个或三个。
图62为用于手术手柄组件1100和接合器组件1200的示例性联接组件，其能够在本文所公开的任意实施例中使用。类似的联接组件设置在接合器组件和装载单元之间。手术仪器2100的连接部2108a具有圆柱形凹陷部2108b，当接合器组件2200与手术仪器2100配接时，圆柱形凹陷部2108b接纳接合器组件2200的驱动联接组件2210。连接部2108a容纳三个能旋转驱动连接器2118、2120、2122。
当接合器2200与手术仪器2100配接时，如图62中所示，手术仪器2100的能旋转驱动连接器2118、2120、2122中的每个与接合器2200的对应的能旋转连接器套管2218、2220、2222联接。在这点上，对应的第一驱动连接器2118和第一连接器套管2218之间的交接、对应的第二驱动连接器2120和第二连接器套管2220之间的交接以及对应的第三驱动连接器2122和第三连接器套管2222之间的交接是锁定的，以使得手术仪器2100的驱动连接器2118、2120、2122中的每个的旋转引起接合器组件2200的对应的连接器套管2218、2220、2222的相应旋转。
手术仪器2100的驱动连接器2118、2120、2122与接合器组件2200的连接器套管2218、2220、2222的配接允许旋转力经由三个相应的连接器交接中的每一个独立地传送。手术仪器2100的驱动连接器2118、2120、2122都构造成通过驱动机构2160独立地旋转。在这点上，仪器或手柄组件2100中的控制器选择由手柄组件或手术仪器中的驱动机构来驱动手术仪器2100的驱动连接器2118、2120、2122中的哪一个或哪几个。
手术仪器2100的驱动连接器2118、2120、2122中的每一个均与相应的连接器套管2218、2220、2222具有锁定的和/或基本不能旋转的交接。手术仪器2100的驱动连接器2118、2120和/或2122的选择性旋转允许手术仪器2100选择性地致动末端执行器和/或装载单元(诸如装载单元1300)的不同功能。这种功能包括装载单元(诸如装载单元1300)的工具组件的选择性且独立地打开和关闭、对吻合和/或切割的驱动、装载单元的工具组件的关节式运动，和/或轴1302和/或接合器组件的轴绕着其纵向轴线的旋转。
联接组件还具有通信连接器2501和2502，它们在图62中成对示出。在采用上面所讨论的多路复用方案和/或多路转接器的实施例中，来自三个芯片(例如，吻合钉钉仓芯片、装载单元芯片和接合器组件芯片)的信号能够合并且传送至微处理器(诸如图60中所示的微处理器)。如上所讨论地，手术系统的控制器随后能够使用来自这些芯片的数据。在某些优选实施例中，通信连接器为单个连接器而非所示的成对连接器。在本文所公开的任意实施例中，还可能存在连接至微处理器的力传感器和/或负载传感器。在本文所公开的任意实施例中，诸如微处理器1020的微处理器能够将数据发送至一个或多个芯片(吻合钉钉仓芯片、装载单元芯片和/或接合器组件芯片)。这种数据能够包括对已经发射了吻合钉和/或使用于特定部件的使用次数的计数器增加的指示。这种数据能够包括所经历的最大驱动力和/或驱动组件/驱动梁的位置等。
尽管本文已经参照附图对本公开的示意性实施例进行了描述，但应当理解，本公开并不限于这些明确的实施例，并且本领域技术人员可在不偏离本公开的范围或精神的情况下实现各种其它改变和修改。

Claims (12)

1.一种手术系统，包括：
手柄组件，其具有控制器，所述控制器具有至少一个程序；
接合器组件，其能够选择性地连接至所述手柄组件；以及
装载单元，其能够选择性地稳固至所述接合器组件，所述装载单元具有工具组件和具有芯片的至少一个芯片组件，所述芯片存储指示所述工具组件是否关节式运动和用于所述装载单元的最大驱动力中的至少一个的数据，
所述控制器包括经由单线总线通信地联接至至少一个芯片的微处理器，所述微处理器构造成用于使用地线多路分配来自所述芯片的数据以在用于通过所述单线总线的双向数据通信的发送模式和接收模式之间进行选择。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手术系统，其中，所述控制器被编程为读取所述数据，并且还被编程为读取来自传感器的驱动力，其中在所述驱动力指示已达到最大驱动力的情况下，所述控制器不驱动所述接合器组件和/或装载单元中的构件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的手术系统，其中，所述控制器被编程为读取所述数据，并且还被编程为读取来自传感器的驱动力，其中在所述驱动力指示已达到最大驱动力的情况下所述控制器以缓慢模式工作。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的手术系统，其中所述芯片还存储有关装载单元的类型的信息。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的手术系统，其中所述装载单元包括能移除且能替换的吻合钉钉仓组件。
6.根据权利要求4所述的手术系统，其中所述装载单元包括能移除且能替换的吻合钉钉仓组件。
7.根据权利要求5所述的手术系统，其中能移除且能替换的吻合钉钉仓组件包括存储关于吻合钉钉仓组件的数据的芯片。
8.根据权利要求6所述的手术系统，其中能移除且能替换的吻合钉钉仓组件包括存储关于吻合钉钉仓组件的数据的芯片。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的手术系统，其中所述控制器被编程为读取所述数据，并且在所述数据指示所述装载单元未进行关节式运动的情况下，所述控制器不驱动所述接合器组件和/或装载单元中的关节式运动连杆。
10.根据权利要求4所述的手术系统，其中所述控制器被编程为读取所述数据，并且在所述数据指示所述装载单元未进行关节式运动的情况下，所述控制器不驱动所述接合器组件和/或装载单元中的关节式运动连杆。
11.根据权利要求5所述的手术系统，其中所述控制器被编程为读取所述数据，并且在所述数据指示所述装载单元未进行关节式运动的情况下，所述控制器不驱动所述接合器组件和/或装载单元中的关节式运动连杆。
12.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的手术系统，其中所述控制器被编程为读取所述数据，并且在所述数据指示所述装载单元未进行关节式运动的情况下，所述控制器不驱动所述接合器组件和/或装载单元中的关节式运动连杆。
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