CN105061049A - Organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a bio-organic fertilizer. An organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30% of organic matter; 10-50% of plant straw; 5-30% of vegetable leaves; 5-20% of a mixture of medical stone and palygorskite; 0.5-5% of bacteria; 10-30% of poultry manure; 0.5-5% of acetic acid; the mixing ratio of medical stone and palygorskite is: 2-4:1-3. The organic fertilizer of the present invention has long validity period, long-lasting fertility, mildness and no pollution, and is a high-quality fertilizer for producing organic, green and pollution-free food; it contains various trace elements, increases the organic matter content of the soil, loosens the soil, and improves the soil; it does not cause environmental pollution Pollution, and fully utilized, can play a role in protecting the environment; reduce energy consumption caused by the production of chemical fertilizers, and can effectively promote plant growth; turning waste into wealth reduces domestic waste.

Description

an organic fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a bio-organic fertilizer.

Background technique

my country is a large agricultural country with a large rural planting area. Fertilization is a very critical link in the process of artificial planting. At present, most of the fertilizers used for crops rely on inorganic chemical fertilizers as base fertilizers and topdressing fertilizers, resulting in the reduction of soil organic matter and the decline in fertilizer and water retention performance. Nutrients in the soil permeate and lose a large amount, are fixed or volatilized, heavy metal elements accumulate beyond the standard, and chemical pesticides for pest control and disease treatment cannot be degraded, resulting in excessive pesticide residues. The agricultural products grown in the above situations not only directly threaten the health of consumers, but also the soil environment. The quality can also create a vicious circle. Organic fertilizers not only contain various nutrients needed by plants, but also contain organic substances, which play an irreplaceable role in maintaining, improving and improving soil fertility, activating soil nutrients, enhancing microbial activity, and promoting high-yield, high-quality, and high-efficiency crops.

In addition, people mostly use relatively primitive methods such as incineration and landfill for the disposal of waste plant stalks. The waste tobacco burned will release a large amount of carbon dioxide, causing serious air pollution.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to slow down the vicious circle of soil environment quality, in order to continuously utilize cultivated land for a long time, and a biological organic fertilizer is provided.

For achieving above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:

An organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30% of organic matter; 10-50% of plant straw; 5-30% of vegetable leaves; 5-20% of a mixture of medical stone and palygorskite; 0.5-5% of bacteria; 10-30% of poultry manure; 0.5-5% of acetic acid; the mixing ratio of medical stone and palygorskite is: 2-4:1-3.

Further, the organic matter is one or more mixtures of fish meal, soybean meal, rice bran, oil residue, peanut residue, and bran.

Further, the plant stalks are wheat stalks, rice stalks, soybean stalks, corn stalks, cotton stalks, sugarcane stems and leaves, rape stalks, sesame straws, tobacco stalks, watermelon vines, pumpkin vines, sweet potato One or more mixtures of vines.

Further, the vegetable leaves are one or more mixtures of spinach leaves, cabbage leaves, mustard leaves and rapeseed leaves.

Further, the poultry manure is one or more mixtures of pig manure and chicken manure.

Further, the biological bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, antibiotic bacteria and fermentation bacteria, and the mixing ratio is 1-3:2-4:2-6.

The preparation method of further described organic fertilizer, step is as follows:

(1) Take 10-30% of the plant orange stalks and 5-30% of the vegetable leaves in the above weight percentages, dry and pulverize them to 85-120 meshes, and place them in the fermentation tank;

(2) Take 10-20% of the mixture of medical stone and palygorskite in the above weight percentage, mix it according to the ratio of 2:1, and grind it to 150-200 mesh, and place it in the fermentation tank;

(3) Take 5-20% of organic matter, 0.5-5% of biological bacteria and 10-20% of poultry manure and mix them uniformly in the fermentation tank.

(4) Stir the raw materials in the fermentation tank in steps (1) to (3) evenly at normal temperature and pressure, control the pH value of the fermentation tank at 6.5 to 8.0, and ferment at 45°C to 55°C for 36 to 48 hours;

(5) Finally, add 0.5-5% acetic acid and mix evenly to obtain the finished product.

The medical stone in the present invention is a compound mineral or medicinal rock which is nontoxic and harmless to organisms and has certain biological activity. The main chemical composition of medical stone is inorganic aluminosilicate. It includes SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, MgO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, etc., and also contains all the macro elements needed by animals, such as: K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mo and other trace elements There are about 58 kinds of elements and rare earth elements. In addition to trace elements, northern medical stone also contains boron, germanium, copper, zinc, tin, gallium, chromium, nickel, indium, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt, niobium, tantalum, Zirconium, selenium, beryllium, barium, strontium, and rare earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium, yttrium, and ytterbium. Other elements are below the spectral detection line. The radioactive elements uranium and thorium are below the Clark value. Harmful elements cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic are also outside the spectral detection line. Our country is extremely rich in medical stone resources, which are distributed in almost all provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. The famous ones that have been developed and applied are Mengyin, Shandong, Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia, Jixian, Tianjin, Fuxin, Liaoning, Siming Mountain, Zhejiang, Gannan, Jiangxi, and Taiwan. In Taitung, etc., it is relatively simple and easy to obtain medical stone resources. In terms of fertilizer application, medical stone can stabilize, improve and balance the physical function of soil, so it has more advantages than other soil improvers. The use of medical stone can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and soil improvers, and can economically and effectively improve soil quality and protect the environment. It also includes promoting the growth of grassland; accelerating the growth of crops, improving the quality of crops, increasing production; reducing and absorbing residual pesticides to ensure that crops can be used safely.

The composition of palygorskite mainly contains SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, MnO, K2O, Na2O, etc. Palygorskite can effectively prevent the precipitation and separation of solid phase and other instability in multi-far water system, and can be used as Stabilizer for liquid fertilizers; palygorskite can absorb water and gas components, has strong adsorption capacity, can absorb harmful substances in the soil, and plays a role in purifying the sudden environment.

The fishmeal, soybean meal, rice bran, oil residue, peanut dregs and bran in the raw materials of the invention are all organic raw materials with high nitrogen content, which can provide sufficient nitrogen elements for plants.

Plant stalks in the raw materials of the present invention, stalks rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter, etc. can provide essential elements for the growth of plants; in addition, the gas generated by burning plant stalks has great harm to the atmosphere, ( 1) Increase the content of CO2 in the air, the increase ratio of CO2 is far greater than the ratio of burning ordinary trees, (2) increase the inhalable particles in the air, which are white powdery solids, (3) reduce the visibility of the air, When burning, the straw produces a large amount of white solid smoke. Therefore, the application of plant straw recycling to organic fertilizers not only provides raw materials for organic fertilizers, but also reduces the harm to the environment.

Pig manure contains 15% organic matter, 0.5-0.6% nitrogen, 0.45-0.5% phosphorus, and 0.35-0.45% potassium. The texture of pig manure is finer and its composition is more complex, including protein, fat, organic acid, cellulose, hemicellulose and inorganic salt. Pig manure contains more nitrogen and a smaller ratio of carbon to nitrogen (14:1). Generally, it is easily decomposed by microorganisms and releases nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by crops.

Chicken manure is rich in nutrients, including 18.7% crude protein, 2.5% fat, 13% ash, 11% carbohydrate, 7% fiber, 2.34% nitrogen, 2.32% phosphorus, and 0.83% potassium.

Subtilisin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and other active substances produced during the growth of Bacillus subtilis, these active substances have obvious effects on pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogenic bacteria of endogenous infection inhibition.

Antibiotics A class of microorganisms that can produce antibiotics, mainly actinomycetes and some fungi and bacteria. The main functions are: (1) Promote the absorption of nutrients by crops and improve the physical properties of the soil; (2) Transform the nutrients of soil and fertilizers: Antibiotic fertilizers can convert nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements that cannot be absorbed by plants into usable ones. (3) Enhance the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil: Antibiotic fertilizers promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and inhibit harmful microorganisms; (4) Improve the respiration intensity of soil microorganisms and the decomposition intensity of cellulose: Antibiotic fertilizers can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter , improve the nutritional conditions of the soil, and provide a good soil environment for crop growth (5) Stimulate and regulate crop growth: There are different types of stimulants in the metabolites of antibiotic fertilizers, which can stimulate plant cells to expand vertically and horizontally , Promote plant cell division, etc. (6) Disease prevention and seedling protection: Antibiotics can produce chitinase, decompose the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria, inhibit or kill pathogenic bacteria, and also produce antibiotic substances, which are effective for rice rotten seedlings and wheat rotten seeds It has obvious control effect and has inhibitory effect on more than 30 kinds of plant pathogenic bacteria.

Fermentation strains have the characteristics of rapid reproduction, strong vitality, safety and non-toxicity. Under certain conditions, it can quickly decompose and mineralize the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. in the straw stockpiles to form simple organic matter, which can be further decomposed into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants, stimulate plant growth, increase soil organic matter, and strengthen plants. of resistance. At the same time, harmful substances such as pests and diseases and weed seeds in the straw pile are eliminated.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

Organic fertilizer of the present invention has the effect of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer concurrently, and concrete beneficial effect is as follows:

1. The fertilizer has a long validity period, long-lasting fertility, mildness and no pollution. It is a high-quality fertilizer for the production of organic, green and pollution-free food.

2. Contain a variety of trace elements, increase the content of soil organic matter, loosen the soil, and improve the soil.

3. It will not cause environmental pollution, and fully utilized can play a role in protecting the environment.

4. Reduce the energy consumption caused by the production of chemical fertilizers, and can effectively promote plant growth.

5. Turning waste into treasure reduces domestic waste.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Those of ordinary skill in the technical field can realize the object of the present invention according to the content disclosed in the present invention above.

Example 1

Weigh the raw materials in the following weight percentages

15% soybean meal; 40% mixture of wheat straw and rice straw; 10% spinach leaf; 20% mixture of medical stone and palygorskite, the mixing ratio of medical stone and palygorskite is: 2:1; Bacteria 2%, wherein the mixture of Bacillus subtilis, antibiotic bacteria and fermentation bacteria is 1:2:2, chicken manure 10%; acetic acid 3%.

Follow the steps below to prepare organic fertilizers:

(1) take the plant orange stalks and vegetable leaves of the above weight percentages, dry them and pulverize them to 85-120 meshes, and place them in the fermentation tank;

(2) Take the mixture of medical stone and palygorskite in the above weight percentage and pulverize it to 150-200 mesh, and place it in the fermentation tank;

(3) Take the organic matter, biological bacteria, and poultry manure of the above weight percentage and mix them evenly and place them in the fermentation tank.

(4) Stir the raw materials in the fermentation tank in steps (1) to (3) evenly at normal temperature and pressure, control the pH value of the fermentation tank at 6.5 to 8.0, and ferment at 45°C to 65°C for 36 ~48 hours;

(5) Finally, add acetic acid and mix evenly to obtain the finished product.

Example 2

The preparation method of Example 1 is basically the same, except that the percentage of raw materials is as follows: 20% of the mixture of peanut dregs and bran; 40% of the mixture of wheat straw and rice straw; 5% of spinach leaves; medical stone The mixture with palygorskite is 10%, the mixing ratio of medical stone and palygorskite is: 2:2; biological bacteria is 3%, and the mixing ratio of Bacillus subtilis, antibiotic bacteria and fermentation bacteria is 2:3:4 , a mixture of chicken manure and pig manure 20%; acetic acid 2%.

Example 3

The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the percentage of raw materials is as follows: 25% of a mixture of fish meal, soybean meal, and rice bran; 25% of a mixture of corn stalks, cotton stalks, and sugarcane stalks; 25% of cabbage leaves and mustard leaves; The mixture of medical stone and palygorskite is 5%, the mixing ratio of medical stone and palygorskite is: 2:3; the biological bacteria is 4%, and the mixing ratio of Bacillus subtilis, antibiotic bacteria and fermentation bacteria is 2: 3:4, chicken manure 15%; acetic acid 1%.

Example 4

The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the percentage of raw materials is as follows: 10% of the mixture of peanut dregs and oil dregs; 20% of the mixture of wheat orange stalks, rice orange stalks, watermelon vines, pumpkin vines, and sweet potato vines; 30% mixture of spinach leaves and rape leaves; 20% mixture of medical stone and palygorskite, the mixing ratio of medical stone and palygorskite is: 2:2; 5% of biological bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, antibiotic bacteria , The mixing ratio of the mixture in the fermentation bacteria is 3:4:6, chicken manure 14%; acetic acid 1%.

Example 5

The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the percentage of raw materials is as follows: 5% of a mixture of peanut residues, oil residues, and bran; 50% of a mixture of wheat straw, rice straw, rape straw, and sesame straw; Spinach leaves 5%; the mixture of medical stone and palygorskite 15%, the mixing ratio of medical stone and palygorskite is: 2:2; biological bacteria 5%, of which Bacillus subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, fermentation bacteria The mixing ratio of the mixture is 3:3:5, chicken manure 15%; acetic acid 5%.

Claims (7)

1. an organic fertilizer, is characterized in that: be made up of the raw material of following weight parts: have organic 5 ~ 30%; Plant stalk 10 ~ 50%; Dish leaf 5 ~ 30%; The mixture 5 ~ 20% of medical stone and polygorskite; Biological bacteria 0.5 ~ 5%; Fowl and animal excrement 10 ~ 30%; Acetic acid 0.5 ~ 5%; The blending ratio of described medical stone and polygorskite is: 2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3.

2. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described organic matter is one or more mixtures of fish meal, dregs of beans, rice bran, the dregs of fat, peanut dregs, wheat bran.

3. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described plant stalk is little wheat stalk, paddy rice tangerine bar, soybean tangerine bar, corn stalk, the withered bar of cotton, sugarcane cauline leaf, rape tangerine bar, sesame stalk, tobacco rod, watermelon vine, Cushaw stem, one or more the mixture in sweet potato vine.

4. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described leaf of vegetable is the leaf of spinach, Chinese cabbage leaf, leaf mustard leaf, one or more mixtures of rape leave.

5. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fowl and animal excrement is one or more mixtures in pig manure, chicken manure.

6. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described biological bacteria is the mixture in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte, and blending ratio is 1 ~ 3:2 ~ 4:2 ~ 6.

7. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 1, step is as follows:

(1) plant stalk 10 ~ 50% of above-mentioned weight percent is got; Dish leaf 5 ~ 30% shines dry doubling and is crushed to 85 ~ 120 orders, is placed in fermentation vat;

(2) get the medical stone of above-mentioned weight percent and the mixture 10 ~ 20% of polygorskite, mix according to the ratio of 2:1, and be crushed to 150 ~ 200 orders, be placed in fermentation vat;

(3) get the organic matter 5 ~ 20% of above-mentioned weight percent, biological bacteria 0.5 ~ 5%, fowl and animal excrement 10 ~ 30% mixes and is placed in fermentation vat;

(4) raw material putting into fermentation vat in step (1) ~ (3) is stirred under normal temperature, normal pressure, the pH value of fermentation vat is controlled 6.5 ~ 8.0, in 45 DEG C ~, 65 DEG C fermentation 36 ~ 48 hours;

(5) finally add acetic acid 0.5 ~ 5% and mix i.e. obtained finished product.