CN105061049A - Organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a biological organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30% of organic matter, 10-50% of plant straw, 5-30% of vegetable leaves, 5-20% of a mixture of maifan stones and paligorskite, 0.5-5% of biological bacteria, 10-30% of poultry and livestock manure, and 0.5-5% of acetic acid, wherein the mixing ratio of the maifan stones to the paligorskite is 2-4:1-3. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention has long period of validity, durable and moderate fertility, and zero pollution, and is superior fertilizer for producing organic, green and nuisanceless foods. The organic fertilizer contains varied micro elements, increases the organic matter content of soil, loosens the soil and improves the soil; the organic fertilizer cannot cause environmental pollution, is fully made and can have the effect of environment protection; energy consumption caused by producing the chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the organic fertilizer can effectively promote plants to grow, and turns waste into wealth, so that domestic garbage is reduced.

Description

A kind of organic fertilizer

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer field, particularly relate to a kind of bio-organic fertilizer.

Background technology

China is large agricultural country, rural area cultivated area is large, fertilising is unusual the key link in artificial growth process, at present, the fertile inorganic fertilizer that relies on of farm crop is made base fertilizer, is topdressed more, the soil organism is caused to reduce, fertilizer conservation, water retention property decline, nutrient in being manured into soil permeates loss, fixing or volatilization loss in a large number, heavy metal element accumulation exceeds standard, the chemical pesticide of pest control treatment can not get degraded and causes that agriculture is residual to exceed standard, and the agricultural-food that above-mentioned situation kind goes out not only directly threaten that human consumer's is healthy, and the quality of edatope also can cause vicious cycle.Organic fertilizer not only containing the various nutrients needed for plant, and containing organic substance, for maintenance, improves soil fertility, activating soil nutrient, strengthen microorganism active, promote higher yield of crops, high-quality, efficient aspect, have irreplaceable effect.

In addition, the method that people mostly adopt burning and landfill etc. more original to the process of waste plant straws, the Discarded Tobacco wherein burned can discharge a large amount of carbonic acid gas, causes serious topsoil.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to the vicious cycle slowing down soil environment quality, utilizing arable land for a long time to continuing, providing a kind of biological organic fertilizer.

For reaching above-mentioned object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of organic fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: organic 5 ~ 30%; Plant stalk 10 ~ 50%; Dish leaf 5 ~ 30%; The mixture 5 ~ 20% of medical stone and polygorskite; Biological bacteria 0.5 ~ 5%; Fowl and animal excrement 10 ~ 30%; Acetic acid 0.5 ~ 5%; The blending ratio of described medical stone and polygorskite is: 2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3.

Further, described organic matter is one or more mixtures of fish meal, dregs of beans, rice bran, the dregs of fat, peanut dregs, wheat bran.

Further, described plant stalk is little wheat stalk, paddy rice tangerine bar, soybean tangerine bar, corn stalk, the withered bar of cotton, sugarcane cauline leaf, rape tangerine bar, sesame stalk, tobacco rod, watermelon vine, Cushaw stem, one or more the mixture in sweet potato vine.

Further, described leaf of vegetable is the leaf of spinach, Chinese cabbage leaf, leaf mustard leaf, one or more mixtures in rape leave.

Further, described fowl and animal excrement is one or more mixtures in pig manure, chicken manure.

Further, described biological bacteria is the mixture in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte, and blending ratio is 1 ~ 3:2 ~ 4:2 ~ 6.

The preparation method of further described fertilizer, step is as follows:

(1) get the plant stalk 10 ~ 30% of above-mentioned weight percent, dish leaf 5 ~ 30% shines dry doubling and is crushed to 85 ~ 120 orders, is placed in fermentation vat;

(2) get the medical stone of above-mentioned weight percent and the mixture 10 ~ 20% of polygorskite, mix according to the ratio of 2:1, and be crushed to 150 ~ 200 orders, be placed in fermentation vat;

(3) get the organic matter 5 ~ 20% of above-mentioned weight percent, biological bacteria 0.5 ~ 5%, fowl and animal excrement 10 ~ 20% mixes and is placed in fermentation vat.

(4) raw material putting into fermentation vat in step (1) ~ (3) is stirred under normal temperature, normal pressure, the pH value of fermentation vat is controlled 6.5 ~ 8.0, in 45 DEG C ~ 55 DEG C fermentations 36 ~ 48 hours;

(5) finally add acetic acid 0.5 ~ 5% and mix i.e. obtained finished product.

Medical stone in the present invention is a kind of to biological nontoxic, harmless and have certain bioactive composite minerals or medicinal rock.The main chemical compositions of medical stone is inorganic silico-aluminate.Comprising SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, MgO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, MnO etc., also containing the whole major elements needed for animal, as: the trace element such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mo and rare earth element, about 58 kinds more than, north medical stone is except trace element, also containing boron, germanium, copper, zinc, tin, gallium, chromium, nickel, indium, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, selenium, beryllium, barium, strontium, and rare-earth elements of lanthanum, cerium, yttrium, ytterbium etc.Other elements are lower than spectral detection line.Radioelement uranium and thorium are lower than Clark value.Harmful element cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic are also beyond spectral detection line.China's maifanshi resource is very abundant, almost each provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions all have distribution, more famous and Application and Development have Mengyin, Shandong, Naiman Banner in Inner Mongolia, Jixian Tianjin, Fuxin, Liaoning, Zhejiang Siming Shan, Southern Jiangxi, Taiwan east etc., obtain maifanshi resource comparatively simple, easy.In fertilizer application, medical stone can be stabilized and increased, the physics function of balanced soil, so it than other soil improvement agent advantageously.Use medical stone can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, soil improvement agent, and can economical, effectively improve soil property, protection of the environment.Also comprise the growth promoting meadow; Accelerate the growth of farm crop, improve the quality of crop, increase yield; Reduce and absorb residues of banned pesticides, guaranteeing that farm crop can send out the effects such as safe edible.

The composition of polygorskite is main containing SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, MnO, K2O, Na2O etc., and polygorskite effectively can prevent the precipitation of solid phase and other instability in how far aqueous systems and be separated, can as the stablizer of liquid fertilizer; Polygorskite can planar water and gaseous fraction, has stronger adsorptive power, can adsorb the objectionable impurities in soil, play the effect purifying unexpected environment.

Fish meal in raw material of the present invention, dregs of beans, rice bran, the dregs of fat, peanut dregs, wheat bran are organic raw material, and nitrogen content is higher, can provide sufficient nitrogen element for plant.

Straw in raw material of the present invention, stalk is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc. can provide required element for the growth of plant; In addition, the gas that generates of burning straw has air and greatly endangers, (1) content of CO2 in air is increased, the raising ratio of its CO2 is far longer than the ratio of common trees of burning, (2) pellet in air is increased, this particulate matter is white powdery solids, and (3) reduce the visibility meter of air, and during burning, stalk generates a large amount of white solid smog.Therefore, by straw recycle in organic fertilizer, be not only the starting material that organic fertilizer provides, and decrease the harm to environment.

Pig manure contains organic matter 15%, nitrogen 0.5 ~ 0.6%, phosphorus 0.45 ~ 0.5%, potassium 0.35 ~ 0.45%.The quality of pig manure is comparatively thin, and composition is more complicated, containing protein, fats, organic acid, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and inorganic salt.Pig manure is more containing nitrogen, and carbon-nitrogen ratio less (14:1) is generally easily decomposed by the microorganisms, and discharges the nutrient that can be Crop and utilize.

Containing abundant nutrition in chicken manure, wherein crude protein 18.7%, fat 2.5%, ash content 13%, carbohydrate 11%, fiber 7%, nitrogenous 2.34%, phosphorus 2.32%, potassium 0.83%.

The subtilyne produced in subtilis thalli growth process, polymyxin, nystatin, linear gramicidins isoreactivity material, the conditioned pathogen of these active substances to pathogenic bacterium or autogenous infection has obvious restraining effect.

Antibiotic bacteria can produce an antibiotic quasi-microorganism, mainly actinomycetes and some fungus and bacteriums etc.Main Function has: (1) promotes that farm crop are to the absorption of nutrient, improve soil physics performance, (2) nutritive element of soil and fertilizer is transformed: the cycling of elements such as the N P and K that plant can not absorb by antibiotic fertilizer become available state, (3) soil beneficial microorganism is strengthened active: antibiotic fertilizer promotes beneficial microorganism growth in soil, suppresses harmful microorganism, (4) respiratory intensity of soil microorganisms and cellulosic decomposition intensity is improved: antibiotic fertilizer can accelerate the decomposition of organic substance, improve the nutritional condition of soil, stimulate and regulating crop growth for plant growth provides good soil bad border (5): in the meta-bolites of antibiotic fertilizer, have dissimilar yield stimulant, can stimulating plant cell in length and breadth two directions uphold, promote effect (6) diseases prevention effects of keeping a full stand of seedings such as plant cell division: antibiotic bacteria can produce chitinase, decompose the cell walls of pathogenic bacteria, suppress or kill pathogenic bacteria, also produce antibiotic substance simultaneously, wherein to Achlya spp, the rotten kind of wheat has obvious prevention effect, and have restraining effect to 30 various plants pathogenic bacterias.

Fermented bacterium has breeding fast, the features such as vitality is strong, safety non-toxic.Rapidly the carbon in stalk windrow, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc. can be decomposed mineralising under the condition of matters, form simple organic, thus be decomposed into the nutritive ingredient of plant available further, stimulating plant grows, and improves the soil organism, strengthens the resistance of plant.Meanwhile, the objectionable impuritiess such as the disease and pest in stalk windrow, weed seed are eliminated.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

Fertilizer of the present invention, have fertilizer and inorganic non-effect concurrently, concrete beneficial effect is as follows:

1, the validity period of fertilizer is long, and fertility is lasting, relaxes, and pollution-free is produce fertilizer that is organic, green and pollution-free food.

2, containing various trace elements, soil organic matter content is increased, chessom, improvement soil.

3, the pollution of environment can not be caused, and make full use of, the effect of protection of the environment can be played.

4, the energy expenditure caused because producing chemical fertilizer is reduced, and can effective Promoting plant growth.

5, turn waste into wealth and decrease domestic refuse.

Embodiment

Be described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, following instance is only for illustrating the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not only confined to following instance.The those of ordinary skill of described technical field, according to above content disclosed by the invention, all can realize object of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

Take the raw material of following weight percents

Dregs of beans 15%; The mixture 40% of little wheat stalk, paddy rice tangerine bar; Spinach leaf 10%; The mixture 20% of medical stone and polygorskite, the blending ratio of medical stone and polygorskite is: 2:1; Biological bacteria 2%, the mixture blending ratio wherein in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte is 1:2:2, chicken manure 10%; Acetic acid 3%.

Prepare organic fertilizer in accordance with the following steps:

(1) get the plant stalk of above-mentioned weight percent, dish leaf solarization dry doubling is crushed to 85 ~ 120 orders, be placed in fermentation vat;

(2) mixture of the medical stone and polygorskite of getting above-mentioned weight percent is crushed to 150 ~ 200 orders, is placed in fermentation vat;

(3) get the organic matter of above-mentioned weight percent, biological bacteria, fowl and animal excrement mix and be placed in fermentation vat.

(4) raw material putting into fermentation vat in step (1) ~ (3) is stirred under normal temperature, normal pressure, the pH value of fermentation vat is controlled 6.5 ~ 8.0, in 45 DEG C ~, 65 DEG C fermentation 36 ~ 48 hours;

(5) finally add acetic acid and mix i.e. obtained finished product.

Embodiment 2

Substantially identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, difference is that the per-cent of raw material is as follows: the mixture 20% of peanut dregs and wheat bran; The mixture 40% of little wheat stalk, paddy rice tangerine bar; Spinach leaf 5%; The mixture 10% of medical stone and polygorskite, the blending ratio of medical stone and polygorskite is: 2:2; Biological bacteria 3%, the mixture blending ratio wherein in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte is 2:3:4, the mixture 20% of chicken manure and pig manure; Acetic acid 2%.

Embodiment 3

Substantially identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, difference is that the per-cent of raw material is as follows: the mixture 25% of fish meal, dregs of beans, rice bran; The mixture 25% of maize straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane stalk; Chinese cabbage leaf, leaf mustard leaf 25%; The mixture 5% of medical stone and polygorskite, the blending ratio of medical stone and polygorskite is: 2:3; Biological bacteria 4%, the mixture blending ratio wherein in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte is 2:3:4, chicken manure 15%; Acetic acid 1%.

Embodiment 4

Substantially identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, difference is that the per-cent of raw material is as follows: the mixture 10% of peanut dregs and the dregs of fat; The mixture 20% of little wheat stalk, paddy rice tangerine bar, watermelon vine, Cushaw stem, sweet potato vine; The mixture 30% of spinach leaf, rape leave; The mixture 20% of medical stone and polygorskite, the blending ratio of medical stone and polygorskite is: 2:2; Biological bacteria 5%, the mixture blending ratio wherein in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte is 3:4:6, chicken manure 14%; Acetic acid 1%.

Embodiment 5

Substantially identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, difference is that the per-cent of raw material is as follows: the mixture 5% of peanut dregs, the dregs of fat, wheat bran; The mixture 50% of little wheat stalk, paddy rice tangerine bar, rape stalk, sesame stalk; Spinach leaf 5%; The mixture 15% of medical stone and polygorskite, the blending ratio of medical stone and polygorskite is: 2:2; Biological bacteria 5%, the mixture blending ratio wherein in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte is 3:3:5, chicken manure 15%; Acetic acid 5%.

Claims (7)

1. an organic fertilizer, is characterized in that: be made up of the raw material of following weight parts: have organic 5 ~ 30%; Plant stalk 10 ~ 50%; Dish leaf 5 ~ 30%; The mixture 5 ~ 20% of medical stone and polygorskite; Biological bacteria 0.5 ~ 5%; Fowl and animal excrement 10 ~ 30%; Acetic acid 0.5 ~ 5%; The blending ratio of described medical stone and polygorskite is: 2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3.

2. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described organic matter is one or more mixtures of fish meal, dregs of beans, rice bran, the dregs of fat, peanut dregs, wheat bran.

3. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described plant stalk is little wheat stalk, paddy rice tangerine bar, soybean tangerine bar, corn stalk, the withered bar of cotton, sugarcane cauline leaf, rape tangerine bar, sesame stalk, tobacco rod, watermelon vine, Cushaw stem, one or more the mixture in sweet potato vine.

4. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described leaf of vegetable is the leaf of spinach, Chinese cabbage leaf, leaf mustard leaf, one or more mixtures of rape leave.

5. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fowl and animal excrement is one or more mixtures in pig manure, chicken manure.

6. a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described biological bacteria is the mixture in subtilis, antibiotic bacteria, zymophyte, and blending ratio is 1 ~ 3:2 ~ 4:2 ~ 6.

7. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 1, step is as follows:

(1) plant stalk 10 ~ 50% of above-mentioned weight percent is got; Dish leaf 5 ~ 30% shines dry doubling and is crushed to 85 ~ 120 orders, is placed in fermentation vat;

(2) get the medical stone of above-mentioned weight percent and the mixture 10 ~ 20% of polygorskite, mix according to the ratio of 2:1, and be crushed to 150 ~ 200 orders, be placed in fermentation vat;

(3) get the organic matter 5 ~ 20% of above-mentioned weight percent, biological bacteria 0.5 ~ 5%, fowl and animal excrement 10 ~ 30% mixes and is placed in fermentation vat;

(4) raw material putting into fermentation vat in step (1) ~ (3) is stirred under normal temperature, normal pressure, the pH value of fermentation vat is controlled 6.5 ~ 8.0, in 45 DEG C ~, 65 DEG C fermentation 36 ~ 48 hours;

(5) finally add acetic acid 0.5 ~ 5% and mix i.e. obtained finished product.